My hypothesis is that the higher the concentration of thiosulphate is the faster the reaction rate is. In the lab, I added HCL to the thiosulphate and recorded the time. Then I had to determine the concentration of thiosulphate and the reaction rate. What are two non-human sources of error?

Retrosynthetic analysis is a method for resolving issues with organic syntheses' planning. To do this, a target molecule is converted into less complex precursor structures.

The molecule whose synthesis is being planned is known as the target molecule. Deconstructing a target is the process of retrosynthesis.

One of the most typical methods in synthetic chemistry is functional group interconversion (FGI) reactions. Cinnamic aldehyde is converted into two distinct products in this experiment by reduction with LiALH4, depending on the sequence in which the reactants are added.

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Joe is getting his energy expenditure measured by direct calorimetry, and  1 liter of water surrounding chamber has an initial reading of 15 degrees Celsius. Final reading is 2015 degrees Celsius. Calories that he expend is 2,000 degree Celsius.

Direct calorimetry obtains direct measurement of the amount of heat generated by body within a structure large enough to permit moderate amounts of activity. These structures are known as whole-room calorimeters. Direct calorimetry gives a measure of energy expended in the form of heat.

Direct calorimetry provides the user with unique capacity to quantify the heat produced from aerobic and anaerobic metabolism by measuring heat exchange between body and the environment.

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Lewis structures are a simple shorthand representation of the bonding of atoms and the distribution of Valence electrons in molecules and polyatomic ions of the main-group elements.

The electrons in an atom's outer shells, or energy level, are called valence electrons. For instance, the valence electrons of oxygen are six, with 2 with in 2s subshell and 4 with in 2p subshell. The valence electron configuration of oxygen can be expressed as 2s²2p4.

Core electrons are those in filled orbitals that are located closest to the nucleus. Valence electrons are simpler to separate than core electrons because they are away from the positive ion (the proton) and so require less energy to travel out from the atom than core electrons.

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The equation for the reaction that will occur when each pair of substances is allowed to react:

a) 2HBr+ Mg(OH)2⇒MgBr2+2H2O

b) H3PO4+KOH⇒KH2PO4+H2O

c)NH4OH+H2SO4⇒(NH4)2SO4+2H2O

What is neutralisation reaction?

When an acid and a base interact chemically, the process is known as neutralisation or neutralisation. In a process in water, neutralisation leaves the solution with no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

In all three reactions acid reacts with base to produce salt and water.

Acid+Base⇒Salt+Water

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Tally the number of atoms based on subscript. Fe + O2 → Fe2O3. In this scenario, since there are now 6O atoms on the left, there must also be 6O atoms on the right. Step 2: Begin balancing the simple molecules first.

The number of Fe is actually equal on both sides, and the same is true for O2, so the equation is balanced.

We can also see that the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is off. Let's add four oxygen atoms in front of the H2O molecule on the reactant side since iron oxide contains four oxygen atoms. Iron reacts with steam to produce hydrogen gas and iron oxide. Note: When steam is applied to a red-hot iron, iron oxide and hydrogen gas are produced.

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However, a tool known as a mass spectrometer allows scientists to quantify relative atomic masses with extreme accuracy.

Chemists frequently need to know which components are in a compound and in what proportions. A specific element's mass in any mass of the compound can be calculated using the percent composition as well. Because the two percentages total up to 100%, the calculations make sense.

With the aid of this formula, one can determine the lowest entire number of moles and the proportional number of atoms of each element present in a compound. The true molecular formula can be calculated by chemists using the empirical formula.

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242 grams more iron were found to be present in a 500 gram sample of iron ore. 48.4 mass percentage of iron is present in the ore.

To get the mass percent of a component of a compound, divide the result by 100 after dividing the mass of the component in 1 mole of a complex by the compound's molar. Although certain ores include quite so much as 66 % iron, the majority are in the 50–60 %, making deposits with less that 30 % iron commercially unappealing. The other components of an ore, referred to as gangue as a whole, can also affect the quality of the ore. 60% to 70% of haematite is made entirely of iron ore. 40% to 60% of limonite is pure iron. Siderite only contains 40% - 50% pure iron and is heavily contaminated. Iron ore in haematite is 60–70% pure iron. In limonite, there is 40–60% pure iron. Siderite has several impurities.

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The highest value of the blosum62 matrix for Tryptophan amino acids depicts that this amino acid is conserved when two proteins are aligned.

For BLASTP, the default scoring matrix is the BLOSUM62 matrix. By examining the rates of amino acid alterations in collections of related proteins, the BLOSUM62 matrix was created. When two proteins were aligned, the amino acid sequences inside each cluster, or block, were at least 62% identical. Researchers computed the rates of all amino acid changes that have taken place in these conserved protein building blocks. The BLOSUM62 score matrix for amino acid substitutions was subsequently created using this data. Cysteine, tryptophan, and histidine, which have the highest scores, are the amino acids that are most highly conserved.

The building components of protein are amino acids. A hydrogen atom, a basic amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a side-chain group, and an R-group are all connected to the core carbon atom of each molecule. The R-group distinguishes amino acids from one another.

Hence, the highest value of the blosum62 matrix for Tryptophan amino acids depicts that this amino acid is conserved when two proteins are aligned.

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It has been established that a similar substitution, in which glutamate is switched out for lysine, can lead to mutant proteins that are less stable as dimers or less capable of binding DNA.

A nucleotide error that results in the synthesis of aberrant beta-chains in hemoglobin S, the single amino acid substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the beta-chain that causes sickle cell anemia.

In amino acids, the four valency positions of the core carbon atom are occupied by four substituent groups (alpha carbon). These include the following: hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group, and a variable group known as the R group. As a result of the substituent, amino acids are also known as substituted methanes.

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The radius of a helium atom is 4.8 times the radius of an alpha particle.

What is alpha particle?

Alpha particles, also called alpha rays and alpha radiation, have a structure similar to that of the helium-4 nucleus, consisting of two protons and two neutrons bonded together.

What is helium?

Helium has been used as an inert gas environment for welding metals such as aluminum. It is also used for rocket propulsion.

The radius of a helium atom is 4.8 times the radius of an alpha particle. The diameter of the nucleus of the helium atom, an alpha particle, was also measured more accurately than ever before. The results only show a size of 1.6782 femtometers, making him 4.8 times more accurate than previous measurements.

Therefore, The radius of a helium atom is 4.8 times the radius of an alpha particle.

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The major conformer in ethane is Eclipse Conformation. Another clockwise rotation at an angle of 60 degrees would lead to second eclipsed conformation.

What is ethane?

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D. Scrubbing

In this process, the emissions pass through a scrubber, which uses a chemical reagent to bind to and remove the pollutants from the exhaust gases. This reduces the amount of sulfur dioxide present in the exhaust gases before they are released into the atmosphere.

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Considering the Charles's law, the correct answer is the third option: if the volume is doubled at constant pressure and the same amount of gas particles, the temperature will be doubled.

Charles' law establishes the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas when the pressure is constant. Jack Charles observed that when the temperature was increased the volume of the gas also increased and that as it cooled the volume decreased. That is, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.

Mathematically, Charles' law states that if the amount of gas and the pressure remain constant, the ratio between the volume and the temperature always has the same value:

V÷T=k

where:

V is the volume.

T is the temperature.

k is a constant.

Considering an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:

V₁÷T₁= V₂÷T₂

In this case, the volume is doubled at constant pressure and the same amount of gas particles. This is, V₂= 2×V₁

Replacing in the Charles' law:

V₁÷T₁= 2×V₁÷T₂

(V₁÷T₁)×T₂= 2×V₁

T₂= 2×V₁ ÷(V₁÷T₁)

T₂= 2×T₁

Finally, the temperature will be doubled.

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The percent of the mass in a sample of zinc sulfate that comes from zinc would be 40.50%. Option 5.

The percent composition of a component in a substance is the ratio of the mass of the component and the mass of the substance itself.

This can be mathematically expressed as;

Pecent composition= mass of component/mass of substance x 100%

In this case, the substance is zinc sulfate, a compound that contains zinc, sulfur, and oxygen in a ratio 1:1:4.

The molar weight of zinc is 65.38 while the molar mass of the entire zinc sulfate is 161.442.

Thus, the percent of the mass of any sample of zinc sulfate that comes from zinc would be:

Percent zinc = 65.38/161.442 x 100

                    = 40.50%

In other words, the percent of zinc in any zinc sulfate sample would be 40.50%

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Answer:

384399861 meters

Explanation:

According to the mass ratio 3.51 g of H₂ were produced.

The ratio between the masses of the reactants and products in a reaction's balanced equation is known as the mass ratio.

Example for mass ratio: calculate the amount of copper per unit of chlorine for each compound by dividing the mass of copper by the mass of chlorine. The ratio of the copper masses in the two compounds can then be calculated by dividing the larger value by the smaller value.

The reaction's equation is provided below;

2 AI + 6 HCI → 2 AICI₃ + 3 H₂

From the reaction equation, 2×27 g of Al produces 3×2 g of H₂

32.25 g of Al will produce: 6/55× 32.25 g of H₂

Consequently, the amount of H₂ produced is 3.51 g of H₂.

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Answer:

look below

Explanation:

If the temperature of a gas in a sealed container with a fixed number of molecules is increased, the gas will expand. This is because the increased temperature will cause the gas molecules to move more quickly and collide more frequently with the walls of the container. These collisions will exert a greater force on the walls of the container, causing the volume of the container to increase.

If the volume of the container is allowed to vary (i.e., if it is not sealed), then the volume of the container will increase as the temperature is increased. The exact increase in volume will depend on the size of the container and the specific gas that is being heated.

If the temperature of a gas in a 2.0 L sealed container is doubled, the volume of the container will increase, but it is not possible to determine the exact increase in volume without knowing the specific gas that is being heated and the pressure and temperature at which the gas was originally contained.

The two specific temperatures of gas CPCV have a ratio of 1.66 to 1.40 in a gas containing triatomic molecules.

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one mole of a gas by one degree Celsius at a fixed volume is known as the molar specific heat capacity (Cv) of a gas. It has a value of 3R/2 for monatomic ideal gas and 5R/2 for diatomic ideal gas.

The molecules of a perfect gas are always moving at random. Before colliding with another molecule or the surface, they go straight ahead.

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The true statement about the two atoms X and Y is

The correct option is B.

The atomic number is the difference between the mass number and the neutron number.

Atomic number = mass number - neutron number

The atomic number and mass number of the given atoms X and Y are as follows:

Atom X:

mass number = 12,

neutron number = 6

atomic number = 12 - 6

atomic number = 6

Atom Y:

mass number = 13

neutron number = 7

atomic number = 13 - 7

atomic number = 6

X and Y have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. Hence, they are isotopes.

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Oxygen can be present or absent during cellular respiration. Because the cell appears to breathe in molecular oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, the process is known as cellular respiration.

Any atoms joined by chemical bonds are referred to be molecules in general. A molecule is made up of any two atoms together. A molecule consisting of atoms from various elements is referred to as a compound. Although all molecules are compounds, not all compounds are molecules.

Nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates make up the four basic building blocks of life. Each and every one of the 4 categories is essential for every living thing on Earth. A cell or organism could not survive without any one of these four molecules.

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Answer:

the pressure of the gas in torr is 2280 torr

Explanation:

The pressure of a gas in torr can be calculated by converting its pressure in kPa to atmospheres and then converting the atmospheric pressure to torr.

One atmosphere is equal to 101.325 kPa. Therefore, the pressure of the gas in atmospheres is 305 kPa / 101.325 kPa/atm = 3.00 atm.

One torr is equal to 1/760 of an atmosphere. Therefore, the pressure of the gas in torr is 3.00 atm * 760 torr/atm = 2280 torr.

Therefore, the pressure of the gas in torr is 2280 torr

Water(h2o), carbon dioxide(co2), and oxygen(o2) can move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

because it doesn't have the ocean water to gain energy

The Lewis structure for chloramine is N-H-H | | Cl.

What is chloramine?
Chloramines are ammonia and organic amine derivatives in which one or even more N-H bonds have been changed to N-Cl bonds. The classes of compounds that are taken into consideration are organic and inorganic chloramines. The three substances that make up inorganic chloramines are monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl2), as well as nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). The importance of monochloramine as a water disinfectant is considerable. The NCl functional group is joined to the an organic substituent in organic chloramines. N-Chloromorpholine, N-Chloropiperidine, as well as N-Chloroquinuclidinium Chloride are a few examples.

The nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons and is represented by an uppercase N. The two hydrogen atoms each have 1 valence electron and are represented by an uppercase H. The chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons and is represented by a lowercase Cl. The nitrogen atom is connected to the two hydrogen atoms by single bonds (represented by a dash). The chlorine atom is connected to the nitrogen atom by a single bond (represented by a dash). There are two lone pairs of electrons (represented by two solid dots) around the nitrogen atom.

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The balanced NET ionic equation for the reaction when aqueous Cs₃PO₄  and aqueous AgNO₃ are mixed in solution to form solid Ag₃PO₄ and aqueous CsNO₃ is: PO₄³⁻(aq.) + 3Ag⁺(aq.) → Ag₃PO₄ (s)

If the electrolytes in an aqueous solution are stated as dissociated ions in a chemical equation, the equation is known as an ionic equation.

In this case, since the net ionic equation of a chemical reaction shows up the ionic species that result from the simplification of the spectator ions, which are those at both reactants and products sides, we take into account that aqueous species ionize into ions whereas liquid, solid and gas species remain unionized. In such a way, for the reaction of cesium phosphate and silver nitrate. The equation becomes:

Cs₃PO₄ (aq.) + 3AgNO₃ (aq.) → Ag₃PO₄ (s) + 3CsNO₃ (aq.)

Whereas the three aqueous salts are ionized in order to write the following complete ionic equation:

3Cs⁺(aq.) + PO₄³⁻(aq.) + 3Ag⁺(aq.) + 3NO₃⁻(aq.) → Ag₃PO₄(s) + 3Cs⁺(aq.) + 3NO₃⁻(aq.)

In such a way, since the cesium and nitrate ions are the spectator ions because of the aforementioned, the net ionic equation turns out:

PO₄³⁻(aq.) + 3Ag⁺(aq.) → Ag₃PO₄ (s)

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The concentrations of pyruvate, NADH and intermembrane H⁺ if glycolysis stopped working is the pyruvate will decreases , the NADH will decreases and the intermembrane H⁺  will also decreases.

The glycolysis is the ,metabolic process steps in the cellular respiration. the glucose will convert to the pyruvate molecules in the presence of the oxygen and will convert in to the lactate in the absence of the oxygen. The production of the pyruvate , NADH and the intermembrane depends on the glycolysis . so when the glycolysis will stopped working all the three will decrease.

Thus, the pyruvate, NADH and intermembrane H⁺ decrease when the glycolysis stop working.

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Balanced molecular equation and a net ionic equation for precipitation reaction with example is as follows:

Molecular equation

Hg₂(NO₃)₂ (aq) + KI(aq) ⇒Hg₂I₂(s) + 2KNO₃(aq)

Total Ionic equation

Hg²⁺(aq) + 2NO³⁻(aq) + 2K⁺aq) ⇒Hg₂I₂(s) + 2K⁺(aq) + NO³⁻ (aq)

Net Ionic equation

Hg²⁺(aq) + 2I⁻(aq)  ⇒ Hg₂I₂(s)

The only reference to a chemical equation is a balanced equation. Any ionic substances or acids are represented in a molecular equation as neutral compounds using their chemical formulae. The state of each substance is listed in parenthesis after the formula. In contrast to a net ionic equation, which only shows the chemical species participating in a reaction, a complete ionic equation also includes the spectator ions.

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