n a study of academic procrastination, it was determined that for a random sample of 18 undergrad students at a mid-size public university, the mean time spent studying for the final exam in an intro statistics course was 7.74 hours with a standard deviation of 3.40 hours. Suppose we wish to compute a 95% confidence interval for the mean time spent studying for the intro statistics final exam by all students. The margin of error for this confidence interval would then be calculated using the critical value (c) determined in the previous question as: (Don't worry if your sample size changed- use the one given here).

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The 95% confidence interval for the mean time spent studying for the intro statistics final exam by all students is between 6.05 hours and 9.84 hours.

Step-by-step explanation:

We have the standard deviation for the sample, which meas that the t-distribution is used to solve this question

The first step to solve this problem is finding how many degrees of freedom, we have. This is the sample size subtracted by 1. So

df = 18 - 1 = 17

95% confidence interval

Now, we have to find a value of T, which is found looking at the t table, with 17 degrees of freedom(y-axis) and a confidence level of [tex]1 - \frac{1 - 0.95}{2} = 0.975[/tex]. So we have T = 2.11

The margin of error is:

[tex]M = T\frac{s}{\sqrt{n}} = 2.11\frac{3.4}{\sqrt{18}} = 1.69[/tex]

In which s is the standard deviation of the sample and n is the size of the sample.

The lower end of the interval is the sample mean subtracted by M. So it is 7.74 - 1.69 = 6.05 hours

The upper end of the interval is the sample mean added to M. So it is 7.74 + 1.69 = 9.84 hours.

The 95% confidence interval for the mean time spent studying for the intro statistics final exam by all students is between 6.05 hours and 9.84 hours.


Related Questions

To estimate the number of bass in a lake, a biologist catches and tags 32 bass. Several weeks later, the biologist catches a new sample of 55 bass and finds that 5 are tagged. How many bass are in the lake.

Answers

32x55=5 this is the correct answer

4x+6y=8
y = -2/3x+1/3
how do i graph this and what is the solution please help it’s urgent

Answers

4x+6(-2/3x+1/3)=8
Solve

Has [no solution]

determine the 97.5th percentile of the standard normal distribution as a decimal rounded to the nearest hundredth.

Answers

If you move the 97.5 percentile to the right you would get 43.5

Find the point on the line 3x + y = 8 that is closest to the point
(−3, 1)

Answers

The point on the line 3x + y = 8 that is closest to the point (-3, 1) is (1.8, 2.6).

What is Quadratic Equations?

Quadratic equations are equations of the form a x² + b x + c = 0 where a, b and c are real numbers.

Given line is,

3x + y = 8 ⇒ y = -3x + 8

So we have any point (x, -3x + 8).

We have to find a point (x, -3x + 8) such that distance of this point from (-3, 1) is minimum.

Distance between (-3, 1) and (x, -3x + 8) = √[(x - -3)² + (-3x + 8 - 1)²]

                                                                  = √[(x + 3)² + (-3x + 7)²]

                                                                  = √(x² + 6x + 9 + 9x² - 42x + 49)

                                                                  = √(10x² - 36x + 58)

So the distance between (-3, 1) and (x, -3x + 8) is √(10x² - 36x + 58) should be minimum.

We minimize the function f(x) = 10x² - 36x + 58.

A quadratic function represents the equation of a parabola.

Coefficient of x² is positive, so parabola opens upward. So we will be having the minimum value.

Minimum value at the point x = -b / 2a for the quadratic equation a x² + b x + c.

Minimum value is at x = - (-36) / (2 × 10) = 36/20 = 9/5 = 1.8.

To find the y coordinate,

y = -3x + 8 = 2.6

So the required point is (1.8, 2.6).

Hence the point on the line closest to the point (-3, 1) is (1.8, 2.6)

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Determine if the following equation has one, none, or many solutions.
2(2x+-1)=4x-4

Answers

To determine whether an equation has one, none, or many solutions, we need to solve the equation for the variable. In the case of the equation 2(2x+-1)=4x-4, we can solve for x by first distributing the 2 on the left-hand side of the equation:

22x+2-1 = 4x - 4

This gives us the following equation:

4x-2 = 4x - 4

We can then subtract 4x from both sides of the equation to obtain:

-2 = -4

This equation does not have any solutions, because the left-hand side and the right-hand side are not equal. Therefore, the original equation has no solutions.

Answer: no solutions

Step-by-step explanation:

NO LINKS!!!
The model t = 16.708 ln(x/(x-705)) approximates the term of a mortgage of $150,000 at 6% interest rate, where t is the term of the mortgage in years and x is the monthly payment plan in dollars.

a. Approximate in terms (in yr) of a $150,000 mortgage at 6% when the monthly is $897.72 and when the monthly payment is $1526.49 (Round your answers to the nearest whole number).
$897.72 ________ yr
$1526.49_________ yr

b. Approximate the total amounts paid (in dollars) over the term of the mortgage with a monthly payment plan of $897.72 and with a monthly payment plan of $1526.49. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
$897.72 $_____________
$1526.49 $_____________

What is the amount of the total is interest costs (in dollars) in each case? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places)
$897.72 $__________
$1526.49 $__________

c. What is the vertical asymptote for the model? ____________

Interpret its meaning in the context of the problem.
The monthly payment must be (more or less) than $________, and the close to this value is, the (quicker you will be able or longer it will take) to pay off the mortgage.

Answers

Answer:

(a)  $897.72:  26 yr

     $1526.49:  10 yr

(b)  See below.

(c)  x = 705

     more, $705, longer it will take

Step-by-step explanation:

Given equation:

[tex]t=16.708 \ln \left(\dfrac{x}{x-705}\right)[/tex]

where:

t = term of the mortgage (in years)x = monthly payment plan (in dollars)

Part (a)

[tex]\begin{aligned}x=897.72 \implies t& =16.708 \ln \left(\dfrac{897.72}{897.72-705}\right)\\& =16.708 \ln \left(4.65815691...\right)\\&=16.708(1.53861985...)\\&=25.70726...\\&=26\; \rm years\end{aligned}[/tex]

[tex]\begin{aligned}x=1526.49 \implies t& =16.708 \ln \left(\dfrac{1526.49}{1526.49-705}\right)\\& =16.708 \ln \left(1.85819669...\right)\\& =16.708(0.619606496...)\\&=10.352385...\\&=10 \; \rm years\end{aligned}[/tex]

Part (b)

To approximate the total amounts paid (in dollars) over the term of the mortgage, multiply the monthly payment by the term.

Please note I have provided two calculations per monthly payment:

(1) by using the exact term, and (2) using the rounded term from part (a).

[tex]\implies \$897.72 \times 25.7072605... \times 12 =\$276935.06[/tex]

[tex]\implies \$897.72 \times 26 \times 12=\$280088.64[/tex]

[tex]\implies \$1526.49 \times 10.3523853... \times 12=\$189633.75[/tex]

[tex]\implies \$1526.49 \times 10 \times 12 =\$183178.80[/tex]

To calculate the amount of interest costs (in dollars) in each case, subtract $150,000 from the total amounts paid:

[tex]\$897.72\implies 276935.06-150000=\$126935.06[/tex]

[tex]\$897.72 \implies 280088.64-150000=\$130088.64[/tex]

[tex]\$1526.49 \implies 189633.75-150000=\$39633.75[/tex]

[tex]\$1526.49\implies 183178.80-150000=\$33178.80[/tex]

Part (c)

The natural logarithm of a negative number cannot be taken.

Therefore, x > 705.

So the vertical asymptote for the model is:

x = 705

The monthly payment must be more than $705, and the closer to this value the payment is, the longer it will take to pay off the mortgage.

Given a metric space M with metric d, verify that any ε-ball is an open set.

Answers

Answer:

Prove that for any x0∈X and any r>0, the open ball Br(xo) is open. My attempt: Let y∈Br(x0). By definition, d(y,x0)<r

Step-by-step explanation:

Prove that for any x0∈X and any r>0, the open ball Br(xo) is open. My attempt: Let y∈Br(x0). By definition, d(y,x0)<r

Prove that for any x0€X and any r>O, the open ball Br(xo) is open. My attempt: Let y€Br(x0). By definition, d(y,x0)


a. Use the points (1, 226.9) and (4, 275.2) to write an equation for the line of fit in slope-intercept form, where x is the number of years since 2010 and y is the median price in thousands of dollars. what will be the approximate price by 2025?

Answers

The Equation of line is y= 16.1x + 210. 8.

The approximate price by 2025 is 452.3.

What is Slope?

A line's slope is determined by how its y coordinate changes in relation to how its x coordinate changes. y and x are the net changes in the y and x coordinates, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to write the change in y coordinate with respect to the change in x coordinate as,

m = Δy/Δx where, m is the slope

Given:

The points are (1, 226.9) and (4, 275.2).

So, Slope for line

m = ( 275.2- 226.9)/( 4-1)

m = 48.3/ 3

m= 16.1

Now, using the slope- intercept form

y= mx+ b

y = 16.1x + b

Now, x= 1 and y= 226.9

By, y = 16.1 + x

226.9 = 16.1(1)+ b

b= 210.8

So, the equation of line is y= 16.1x + 210. 8

Now,  x is the number of years since 2010 and by 2025

x= 2025 - 2010 = 15

Then, the approximate price by 2025

y= 16.1(15) + 210.8

y= 452.3

Hence, the approximate price by 2025 is 452.3.

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The career placement office at a large university tracks the number of job applications graduating seniors complete before getting their first job. Data on college graduates suggests that most will send out a large number of applications before getting their first job. Which one of the following histograms best represents the distribution of job applications for graduating seniors?
a.Histogram III
b.Histogram II
c.Histogram IV
d.Histogram I

Answers

The histogram that best represents the distribution of job applications for graduating seniors is given as follows:

a. Histogram III.

How to identify the correct histogram?

An histogram shows the number of times that each observation appears in a data-set.

Data on college graduates suggests that most will send out a large number of applications before getting their first job, hence the left bins on the histogram should have small numbers, while the right bins on the histogram should have greater numbers.

The only histogram that follows this pattern is Histogram III, hence option A gives the histogram that best represents the distribution of job applications for graduating seniors.

Missing Information

The histograms are given by the image shown at the end of the answer.

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What is the maximum height of the firework? How long is the firework in the air before it explodes?
See attached picture

Answers

The maximum height of the firework is; 387.78 ft

The time for which the firework is in the air before it explodes is; 1 second

How to solve projectile equations?

We are given the function;

h = -(500/9)t² + (1000/3)t + 10

where;

h is height after time of t seconds

At height of zero, the firework would either be about to launch or when it has come down.

Thus, let us set h = 0 to find the times.

0 = -(500/9)t² + (1000/3)t + 10

Using quadratic equation calculator, we have;

t ≈ 2 seconds

Now the  firework explodes at the highest point which will be the mid point of where the launching started and the endpoint where it stopped.

This means time at midpoint = (0 + 2)/2 = 1 sec

It explodes after 1 second.

Thus maximum height at this time is;

h = -(500/9)(1)² + (1000/3)(1) + 10

h = 387.78 ft

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What is the solution of the system? Use elimination.
3x +9y=33
-10x-6y=-14
a. (-4,5)
b. (4,-1)
c. (-10, 3)
d. (-1,4)

Answers

To solve the given system of equations using elimination, we can add the two equations together to eliminate one of the variables. Doing this, we get 3x + 9y + (-10x - 6y) = 33 + (-14), which simplifies to -7x + 3y = 19. We can then solve for y by dividing both sides of the equation by 3, giving us y = 19/3 = 6.33. We can substitute this value for y in either of the original equations to solve for x. For example, if we substitute 6.33 for y in the first equation, we get 3x + 9 * 6.33 = 33, which simplifies to 3x = 3.67. Dividing both sides of the equation by 3, we get x = 1.22. Therefore, the solution of the system is (1.22, 6.33), which is approximately (1, 6). The answer choice that is closest to this solution is (d) (-1, 4). Thus, the solution of the system is (-1, 4).

A-Level Cambridge
PURE MATHEMATICS - PI
CH1 COORDINATES GEOMETRY
1-(9709-S 2012-Paper 1/2-Q4) COORDINATES GEOMETRY
[6]
The point A has coordinates (-1, -5) and the point B has coordinates (7, 1). The perpendicular
bisector of AB meets the x-axis at C and the y-axis at D. Calculate the length of CD.
ШОә

Answers

Answer:

either 8.6 or 9. check if it's correct?

7² + 5² = 74

square root 74 = 8.6

If a share of a stock jumped from $9 to $25, what was the percent increase of this stock (rounded to the
nearest tenth)?

Answers

Answer: 177.8

Step-by-step explanation: To find the percent increase, we have to use this formula:

New value-old value/ old value x 100

So, following this formula, we would do 25-9, which, is 16, divided by 9. That would be 1.777... So now let's round that to 1.78, so 1.78 x 100 = 177.8. I hope this helped.

40 POINTS

Use the image to determine the type of transformation shown.

Image of polygon ABCD and a second polygon A prime B prime C prime D prime to the right.

Horizontal translation
Vertical translation
Reflection across the y-axis
270° counterclockwise rotation

Answers

Reflection across the y-axis is the transformation used to the polygon ABCD.

What is Graph?

Graph is a mathematical representation of a network and it describes the relationship between lines and points.

Given that Image of polygon ABCD and a second polygon A prime B prime C prime D prime to the right.

ABCD is the original image and  prime B prime C prime D prime is the transformed image.

ABCD rectangle is transformed to A'B'C'D'.

As we observe the diagram, the two rectangles look the same which means the shape remains constant.

The translation is applied to the original image which move to the right side.

A translation is a movement of the graph either horizontally parallel to the x axis or vertically parallel to the y axis.

We can reflect the graph of any function f about the x-axis by graphing y=-f(x) and we can reflect it about the y-axis by graphing y=f(-x).

Hence, Reflection across the y-axis is the transformation used to the polygon ABCD.

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Answer: reflection across the y axis

Step-by-step explanation: I hope that helps :)

A small town has two local high schools. High School A currently has 700 students and is projected to grow by 65 students each year. High School B currently has 900 students and is projected to grow by 40 students each year. Let A(t) represent the number of students in High School A in t years, and let B(t) represent the number of students in High School B after t years. Write the equation for each function and determine how many students would be in each high school in the year they are projected to have the same number of students. A(t) = B(t) =

Answers

Answer:

1. A(t) = 65t + 700

2.B(t) = 40t + 900

3. High School A and High School B will both have 1,220 students in the 8th year

Step-by-step explanation:

1. The equation for the number of students in High School A represents a linear function.

⭐ What is a linear function?

A linear function is a type of equation where every y-value increases by a constant, additive amountOne way to write the equation for a linear function is: [tex]y = mx+b[/tex], where m is the constant, additive amount, and b is the y-intercept, or the initial value.

Let's write the equation for High School A in the [tex]y = mx+b[/tex] format, known as slope-intercept form:

The constant, additive amount for High School A is 65 (m)The initial value for High School A is 700 (b)

∴ High School A: [tex]y = 65x + 700[/tex]

2. Let's write the equation for High School B in the [tex]y = mx + b[/tex] format, known as slope-intercept form:

The constant, additive amount for High School B is 40 (m)The initial value for High School B is 900 (b)

∴ High School B: [tex]y = 40x + 900[/tex]

3. To find at what year High School A and High School B will have the same number of students, we need to solve a system of linear equations.

What is a system of linear equations?

A system of linear equations is two or more linear equations that intersect at one point (x,y)

For this problem, let's set both linear equations equal to each other to see at what point will the high school populations be the same.

[tex]A(t) = B(t)[/tex]

[tex]65t + 700 = 40t + 900[/tex]

[tex]25t = 200[/tex]

[tex]t = 8[/tex]

Now we know that in the 8th year, High School A will have the same population as High School B.

We need to find what the population will be in year 8.

Thus, substitute the value of t into one of the functions and solve.

I am choosing to substitute t into A(t), but you can also do B(t).

[tex]A(8) = 65(8) + 700[/tex]

[tex]A(8) = 520 + 700[/tex]

[tex]A(8) = 1,220[/tex]

⚠️!!! CAUTION !!! ⚠️

Some people may stop at this point and write that in the 8th year, both high schools will have a population of 1,220 students.

However, you should also substitute 8 into the other function you didn't substitute it into to make sure that 8 is correct.

[tex]B(8) = 40(8) + 900[/tex]

[tex]B(8) = 320 + 900[/tex]

[tex]B(8) = 1,220[/tex]

∴ In the 8th year, both high schools will have a population of 1,220 students.

Kyra is blocking off several rooms in a hotel for guests coming to her wedding. The hotel can reserve large rooms that can hold 8 people, and small rooms that can hold 6 people. Kyra reserved twice as many large rooms as small rooms, which altogether can accommodate 88 guests. Determine the number of small rooms reserved and the number of large rooms reserved.

Answers

The number of small rooms reserved is 4.

The number of large rooms reserved is 8.

What is an equation?

An equation is a mathematical statement that is made up of two expressions connected by an equal sign.

We have,

Small rooms are denoted as S.

Large rooms are denoted as L.

Now,

We will make two equations.
L = 2S _____(1)

8L + 6S = 88 ______(2)

Putting (1) in (2) we get,

8L + 6S = 88

8 x (2S) + 6S = 88

16S + 6S = 88

22S = 88

S = 88/22

S = 8/2

S = 4

Now,

Putting S = 4 in (1) we get,

L = 2 x 4

L = 8

Thus,

The number of small rooms and large rooms reserved is 4 and 8.

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Rain is flowing into 2 containers at different rates. The figure below shows the volume of water in each container what is the difference in rate of change between the two containers

Answers

With the help of Linear relationships The difference in the rate of change between the two containers is 1/5 gallon per minute.

what is Linear relationships?

A statistical word used to express a straight-line relationship between two variables is a linear relationship (or linear association). Graphs and mathematical equations of the form y = mx + b can both be used to represent linear relationships. In everyday life, linear relationships are quite prevalent.

Given:

Volume of water in each container.

To find:

Difference in the rate of change.

Solution:

Take any two points on container 1.

Let the points are (10, 2) and (20, 4).

m = (y2 - y1) / ( x2 - x1 )

   = ( 4 - 2 ) / ( 20 - 10 )

   = 2/ 10

   = 1/ 5

Rate of change for container 1 is .

Take any two points on container 2.

Let the points are (5, 2) and (10, 4).

m = (y2 - y1) / ( x2 - x1 )

   = ( 4 - 2 ) / ( 10 - 5)

   = 2 / 5

Rate of change for container 2 is 2/5

Difference = (2 /5 ) - ( 1/ 5 )

                  = 1 / 5  

Hence, The difference in the rate of change between the two containers is 1/5 gallon per minute.

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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
The function f(x) = 500(1+004 models the balance in a savings account.
The savings account had an initial balance of
$500
$515
and compounds
Reset
Next
at an interest rate of

Answers

Answer:

Initial balance 500, compounds 4 times at an interest rate of 15%

Step-by-step explanation:

Initial balance 500, compounds 4 times at an interest rate of 15%

can some one please help me with this question

Answers

The measure of the largest exterior angle of the triangle will be 162°.

What is the triangle?

The polygonal shape of a triangle has a number of sides and three independent variables. Angles in the triangle add up to 180 °.

The exterior angles of the triangle are 3x°, 8x°, and 9x°. Then the measure of the interior angle of the triangle will be 180° - 3x°, 180° - 8x°, and 180° - 9x°.

The sum of the interior angle of the triangle is 180°. Then the equation is given as,

180° - 3x° + 180° - 8x° + 180° - 9x° = 180°

360° - 20x° = 0

x = 18°

Then the measure of the exterior angles of the triangle will be given as,

3x° = 3 × 18° = 54°

8x° = 8 × 18° = 144°

9x° = 9 × 18° = 162°

The measure of the largest exterior angle of the triangle will be 162°.

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Replace the loading system acting on
the beam by an equivalent resultant
force and couple moment at point O.

Answers

The answers are a) FR = 365 N b) u = 70.8° d and c) (MR)O = 2364 N m (counterclockwise)

What is resultant force?

When an object is subject to several forces, the resultant force is the force that alone produces the same acceleration as all those forces.

Given is a figure, we need to find equivalent resultant force and couple moment at point O

Equivalent Resultant Force And Couple Moment At O.

+→ (FR)x = ΣFx; (FR)x = 600 cos 60° - 455(12 / 13)

= -120 N = 120 N ←

+ ↑ (FR)y = ΣFy; (FR)y = 455(5/13) - 600 sin 60° = -344.62 N = 344.62 N ↓

As indicated in Fig (attached)

a) FR = √F(R)x²+F(R)y²

= √2120² + 344.62² = 364.91 N = 365 N

And

b) θ = tan-1{(FR)y / (FR)x}

= tan-1 {344.62/120}

= 70.80°

Also,

c) a+(MR)O = ΣMO; (MR)O = 455(12/13)(2) + 600 cos 60° (0.75) + 600 sin 60° (2.5)

= 2364.04 N m

= 2364 N m (counterclockwise)

Hence, The answers are a) FR = 365 N b) u = 70.8° d and c) (MR)O = 2364 N m (counterclockwise)

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let
[tex]A=(\sqrt{2} +\sqrt{3} )(\sqrt{4} +\sqrt{5} )...(\sqrt{2020} +\sqrt{2021} )\\B=(\sqrt{2021} -\sqrt{2020} )(\sqrt{2019} -\sqrt{2018} )...(\sqrt{3} -\sqrt{2} )[/tex]
what is A times B?

Answers

Answer:

1

Step-by-step explanation:

A)

[tex]( \sqrt{3 } - \sqrt{2} )( \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2} )( \sqrt{5 } - \sqrt{4} )( \sqrt{5} + \sqrt{4} )....[/tex]

using difference of two squares

[tex]( \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} )(\sqrt{a} - \sqrt{b} ) = a - b[/tex]

we can rewrite the A) to 1×1×1×1.... so the answer would be 1

how many 3 digit multiple of 11 ends in 2

Answers

Answer:

22

There are 22 multiples that end in 22.

What sides are similar to this triangle with the side dimensions of 6cm, 12cm, and 15cm?

Answers

Answer: Pythagorean triplets.

Step-by-step explanation:

not sure but this is the triangle that helps at all.

18) What is the slope of the line that contains points (–6, –6) and (–3, 1)?

Answers

The slope of the line is 7/9

How to determine the slope of the line

It is important to note that the equation of a line is represented as;

y = mx + c

Where;

y is a point on the linem is the slope of the linex is a point on the x - axisc is the intercept of the y-axis

The formula for calculating the slope of a line is expressed as;

Slope, m = y₂ - y₁/x₂ - x₁

Now, let's substitute the values into the formula from the points given we have;

Slope, m =1 -(-6)/ -3 - (-6)

expand the bracket

Slope, m = 1 + 6/ 3 + 6

add the values

Slope, m = 7/9

Hence, the value is 7/9

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4 times the difference of x and 2​

Answers

Answer:  2x-4

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

solution

you must multiply a difference of x and 2 which is. >{x-2}

mathematical

4 x {x-2}

What are the values of t and u?
t = ?°
u= ?°

Answers

u=33
t=88

You would have to subtract 114 out of 180 which would give you 66 then you divide it to get 33

You have to multiple 46 by 2 any you would get 92 so now you have to subtract it from 180 to get 88

Using the definitional formula, compute Ss, variance and the standard deviation for the following population of scores. Scores: 1, 8, 0, 4,2 SS 40 variance 10 standard deviation 3.16

Answers

Ss, variance and the standard deviation for the population of scores is 2.83 and 8 respectively

What is standard deviation and variance?

Standard deviation is a measure of the distribution of statistical data, whereas variance is a measure of how data points differ from the mean. The fundamental distinction between the two is that although the variance is expressed in squared units, the standard deviation is expressed in the same units as the data's mean.

Given,

SS = 40

Variance = 10

Standard Deviation = 3.16

Using Population Variance Formula :

= [tex]\frac{1}{n}[/tex]∑( x-xbar)²  where i is 1

For the complete solution see the attachment of table

sum ( x - x bar)² = 40

so, variance = 40/5

= 8

standard deviation = [tex]\sqrt{8}[/tex]

= 2.83

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Below is the table of values of a function. Write the output when the input is n.
input 1,4,6,n
output 2,8,12,?

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Kelvin spends 1/4 of his $100 on a ticket to a play and then buys a shirt for $22.50. How much
of the $100 does Kelvin have left?
A $5.50
B $10.00
C $52.50
D $73.50

need answer right now

Answers

The answer is C. $52.50.

This is because 1/4 of $100 is $75.

Then, $75 - $22.50 = $52.50.

Therefore, your answer is C. $52.50.

(20points) Let A be a 4 x 4 matrix and let A be a eigenvalue of multiplicity 3. If A - AI has rank 1, is A defective? Explain.

Answers

No, A is not defective.

What is the rank nullity theorem?    

The rank–nullity theorem is a theorem in linear algebra, which asserts that the dimension of the domain of a linear map is the sum of its rank (the dimension of its image) and its nullity (the dimension of its kernel).

Given here  A be a 4 x 4 matrix and let λ be an eigenvalue of multiplicity 3 and rank 1, then by rank nullity theorem we have

    Rank(A-λI) + Nullity((A-λI) =4

⇒dimN(N-λI) = Nullity(A-λI)

⇒dimN(N-λI) = 4 - Rank(A-λI)

⇒dimN(N-λI)  = 4-1

⇒dimN(N-λI) = 3

Therefore 3 linearly independent eigenvectors belong to eigenvalue λ. Since λ is an eigenvalue of multiplicity 3, this ensures that there is a different eigenvalue different from λ. Along with 3 linearly independent eigenvectors in the eigenspace of λ, this gives us 4 linearly independent eigenvectors in the matrix A. Now we An n × n matrix A is diagonalizable if and only if A has n linearly independent eigenvectors. Thus A is nondefective

Hence, matrix A is not defective.

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