The type of pricing strategy employed by Nintendo, where they sell over 700 licensed games on their Nintendo Switch console that are relatively expensive and exclusive to their platform, is captive product pricing.
Captive product pricing involves offering a primary product at a lower price while charging higher prices for complementary or related products that are essential for the primary product's usage or enjoyment. In this case, the Nintendo Switch console is positioned as an affordable gaming console, attracting a wide range of consumers due to its competitive price.
However, Nintendo capitalizes on the captive product pricing strategy by charging premium prices for their exclusive games that can only be played on the Nintendo Switch console. By doing so, they create a strong incentive for consumers to purchase their console and continue buying games from their platform, generating additional revenue and increasing customer loyalty. This approach allows Nintendo to leverage the unique value proposition of their games and maintain a strong market position.
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On Dec 31, 2020, ABC Corp issued 4-year, 7% bonds with $3,000,000 as par value ABC Corp ceved $3,300,000 in cash. The bood intored ispad sy on June 30 and December 31 every year Compute the following: Total bonds premium. Interest paid in cash semiannually. The Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years.
Total bonds premium: $300,000
Interest paid in cash semiannually: $105,000
Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium: $37,500
Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years: $840,000
To compute the requested values, we need to consider the terms of the bonds and the cash flows associated with them.
Total Bonds Premium:
The premium on the bonds is the difference between the cash received and the par value. In this case, the cash received is $3,300,000, and the par value is $3,000,000.
Total bonds premium = Cash received - Par value
Total bonds premium = $3,300,000 - $3,000,000 = $300,000
Interest Paid in Cash Semiannually:
The interest paid on the bonds is calculated based on the par value and the stated interest rate. The bonds have a 7% interest rate and a par value of $3,000,000.
Interest paid semiannually = Par value * Interest rate / 2
Interest paid semiannually = $3,000,000 * 7% / 2 = $105,000
Semiannual Amortization Amount of the Bond Premium:
The bond premium needs to be amortized over the term of the bonds. Since the bonds have a 4-year term and interest is paid semiannually, there will be eight semiannual periods.
Semiannual amortization amount = Total bonds premium / Number of periods
Semiannual amortization amount = $300,000 / 8 = $37,500
Total Bonds Interest Expense over the 4 Years:
The total interest expense over the 4-year period is calculated by multiplying the semiannual interest payment by the number of periods.
Total bonds interest expense = Interest paid semiannually * Number of periods
Total bonds interest expense = $105,000 * 8 = $840,00
In summary:
Total bonds premium: $300,000
Interest paid in cash semiannually: $105,000
Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium: $37,500
Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years: $840,000
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Danny, a lone employee at TacoTuesDay. He consistantly constructs
10 Tacos per Minute. Danny's Boss demands that he constructs 100
Tacos per minute to meet the high demands of happy hour and
threatens
The boss needs to be more realistic in his expectations and consider alternative solutions rather than threatening his employees. Meeting such targets requires cooperation and support from both the employer and employees.
Danny, a lone employee at TacoTuesDay consistently constructs 10 tacos per minute.
However, his boss is demanding that he constructs 100 tacos per minute to meet the high demands of happy hour and threatens him. But, it is not possible to construct 100 tacos per minute unless there are more people to help with the production process.
Danny's boss has to recognize the fact that constructing 100 tacos per minute is not feasible for one person. It would help if the boss hired more employees or increased the production hours to meet the high demands of happy hour.
If Danny constructs tacos at the same rate, he could only make 600 tacos per hour.
Therefore, the boss should re-evaluate his expectations and either hire more employees or increase the hours of production to meet the demands of happy hour.
Threatening Danny to meet the target is not the solution. It will only put undue pressure on him and will not yield the desired results.
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If an investor buys shares in a closed-end investment company for $46 and the net asset value is $53, what is the discount? If the company distributes $1, the net asset value rises to $58, and the investor sells the shares for a premium of 5 percent over the net asset value, what is the percentage earned on the investment?If an investor buys shares in a closed-end investment company for $46 and the net asset value is $53, what is the discount? If the company distributes $1, the net asset value rises to $58, and the investor sells the shares for a premium of 5 percent over the net asset value, what is the percentage earned on the investment?
a. The percentage is 13.21%
b. The investor earned a return of approximately 34.57% on the investment.
How to solve for the percentageDiscount = (Net Asset Value - Purchase Price) / Net Asset Value * 100
= ($53 - $46) / $53 * 100
= 13.21%
The percentage earned on the investment can be calculated by finding out the total gain from the investment and dividing it by the initial investment, as follows:
After the $1 distribution, the new net asset value becomes $58. If the investor sells the shares at a premium of 5 percent over the new net asset value, the selling price would be $58 * 1.05 = $60.90.
Now, the total earnings from the investment include the $1 distribution and the selling price, hence total earnings = $1 + $60.90 = $61.90.
The percentage earned on the investment is therefore:
Return on Investment = (Total Earnings - Initial Investment) / Initial Investment * 100
= ($61.90 - $46) / $46 * 100
= 34.57%
Therefore, the investor earned a return of approximately 34.57% on the investment.
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ok t nces The following data pertain to the Hercules Tire and Rubber Company for the month of May. Work in process, May 1 (in units) 2 Units started during May Total units to account for 60,000 75,000
The Hercules Tire and Rubber Company had 131,246 equivalent units for direct materials and 75,998 equivalent units for conversion costs in May.
Hercules Tire and Rubber Company's work-in-process (WIP) activity for the month of May can be summarized using the given data:Work in process, May 1 (in units) = 2 Units started during May = Total units to account for – Work in process, May 1= 75,000 – 2= 74,998
Therefore, the total units that Hercules Tire and Rubber Company accounted for were 74,998 in May.Calculating the Equivalent Units
The next step is to calculate the equivalent units for both direct materials and conversion costs. The calculation of equivalent units helps to break down the production process and allow for the allocation of costs to the products produced.
The direct materials and conversion costs must be separated because direct materials tend to be added early in the production process, while conversion costs are added later.
Direct materials Equivalent Units = Number of units in process × Percentage of direct materials in ending WIP + Number of units completed × 100%
Example:Equivalent Units for Direct Materials = (2 units × 75%) + (74,998 units × 100%)= 56,248 + 74,998= 131,246
Conversion Costs Equivalent Units = Number of units in process × Percentage of conversion costs in ending WIP + Number of units completed × 100%Example:
Equivalent Units for Conversion Costs = (2 units × 50%) + (74,998 units × 100%)= 1,000 + 74,998= 75,998.Therefore, Hercules Tire and Rubber Company had 131,246 equivalent units for direct materials and 75,998 equivalent units for conversion costs in May.
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A trustworthy friend asks to borrow money from you today. She promises to pay you exactly $2500 in 4 years, and she insists on your earning the same interest rate on your loan to her as you would have earned keeping your money in your savings account that earns 1%. How much can you lend her today?
Based on the given information, you can lend your friend approximately $$2254.50 today. This amount takes into account the interest rate of 1% and ensures that you will receive $2,500 in 4 years, equivalent to the interest earned in your savings account.
How much money can you lend a friend today if they promise to pay you $2500 in 4 years, and the interest rate on the loan is the same as your 1% savings account?To calculate the amount you can lend to your friend today, we need to determine the present value of the $2500 payment she will make in 4 years, using a 1% interest rate.
The present value can be calculated using the formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^n
Where:
- Future Value is the amount to be received in the future ($2500).
- Interest Rate is the annual interest rate (1% or 0.01).
- n is the number of years (4).
Substituting the values into the formula:
Present Value = $2500 / (1 + 0.01)^4
Present Value = $2500 / (1.01)^4
Present Value = $2500 / 1.04060401
Present Value ≈ $2254.50
Therefore, you can lend your friend approximately $2254.50 today.
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Case 6: Fraud examination
Joseph Gonzales recently bought a new business that included a small 20-room motel and coffee shop. He hired a young couple to run the business and plans to pay them a monthly salary. The couple will live for free in a small apartment behind the motel office and will be in charge of the daily operations of the motel and coffee shop. They will also be responsible for hiring and supervising the four or five part-time employees who will help with cleaning the rooms, cooking, and waiting on customers in the restaurant. The couple will also maintain records of rooms rented, meals served, and payments received (which can be in the form of cash, checks, or credit cards). They will make weekly depos- its of the business’s proceeds at the local bank. Joseph lives about six hours away and will only be able to visit periodically.
1. What are your two biggest concerns about possible fraud on the part of the couple?
The two biggest concerns about possible fraud on the part of the couple are given below:
The couple can commit frauds related to cash handling or theft. The couple can give an allowance for the employees who do not work.
A fraud examination is a comprehensive review of financial and other records to find if fraud has taken place. In Joseph Gonzales's case, the couple is responsible for handling the daily operations of the motel and the coffee shop. They are also responsible for keeping the records of rooms rented, meals served, and payments received. So, there are a few ways the couple can commit fraud. A couple of possible frauds that the couple could commit are:
Cash handling or theft: The couple is responsible for managing all of the financial records and transactions. This means that they have access to the business's funds, which may tempt them to embezzle money from the business. It is important to ensure that there is proper documentation of all cash, check, or credit card transactions. Furthermore, it's essential to make sure that there is an accurate accounting of the business's expenses and revenue. This will assist in detecting any discrepancies or irregularities in the accounts.
An allowance for employees who do not work: The couple is also in charge of hiring and supervising four or five part-time employees who will help with cleaning the rooms, cooking, and waiting on customers in the restaurant. The couple could pay their employees an allowance even if they don't work. This could be done by the couple taking advantage of the situation of the owner being away.
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Home's demand curve for wheat is D = 100 - 20P. Its supply curve is S = 20 + 20P. Derive and graph Home's import demand (MD) curve. What would the equilibrium price of wheat be in absence of trade at Home?
The equilibrium price of wheat in the absence of trade at Home is $2.50 per bushel and the equilibrium quantity is 50 bushels.
The given demand curve for wheat is D = 100 - 20P and the given supply curve is S = 20 + 20P.
To derive and graph Home's import demand (MD) curve, we need to determine the world price of wheat as well.
Let the world price of wheat be PW. Then, if the domestic price of wheat is higher than the world price (PW), Home will import wheat from the world market. The equation for Home's import demand (MD) curve is given by:
MD = 100 - 20PWLet the equilibrium price of wheat be P*.
At equilibrium, Home's demand for wheat will equal Home's supply of wheat. Therefore, we have:
100 - 20P* = 20 + 20P
*Solving for P*, we get:
P* = $2.50 per bushel
To find the equilibrium quantity of wheat, we substitute the value of P* into either the demand or supply equation
. We will use the demand equation:
Q* = 100 - 20(2.50)
Q* = 50 bushels
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1. A 15-year bond with a 6.10% coupon rate was issued with a 7.09% yield to maturity. Find the bond price at time of issue. a. $909 b. $751 c. $1,000 d. $826 e. $683
To calculate the bond price at the time of issue, we need to use the present value formula. The present value of a bond is the sum of the present values of its future cash flows, which include both the periodic coupon payments and the final principal payment.
In this case, the bond has a 15-year maturity and a 6.10% coupon rate. The coupon payments are made annually. The yield to maturity is given as 7.09%.
To calculate the bond price, we need to discount each cash flow by the appropriate discount rate, which is the yield to maturity. The formula for calculating the present value of a bond is:
Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield to Maturity)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield to Maturity)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment + Principal Payment) / (1 + Yield to Maturity)^n
where:
- Coupon Payment: Annual coupon payment
- Yield to Maturity: Yield to maturity expressed as a decimal
- Principal Payment: Final principal payment at maturity
- n: Number of years to maturity
In this case, the annual coupon payment is 6.10% of the bond's face value, and the face value is typically $1,000 for a bond. The yield to maturity is given as 7.09%.
Plugging in the values, we can calculate the bond price at the time of issue:
Bond Price = (0.061 * 1000) / (1 + 0.0709)^1 + (0.061 * 1000) / (1 + 0.0709)^2 + ... + (0.061 * 1000 + 1000) / (1 + 0.0709)^15
By evaluating the above expression, we find that the bond price at the time of issue is approximately $909. Therefore, the correct answer is option a. $909.
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Tappan was one of the first Icahn’s investments, why Carl
invested in it? Which was the stock’s price and value according to
Icahn?
Carl Icahn invested in Tappan as one of his first investments due to its potential value and the stock's attractive price.
Carl Icahn is a renowned investor known for his strategic investments and activist approach. When he invested in Tappan, it was one of his early investment decisions. The reason behind Carl Icahn's investment in Tappan can be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, he likely saw potential value in the company, whether it was an undervalued stock or an opportunity for growth and profitability. Carl Icahn has a history of identifying undervalued assets and implementing strategies to unlock their value, making Tappan an attractive choice for his investment.
Regarding the stock's price and value according to Icahn, specific information about Tappan's stock price and Icahn's valuation is not provided in the given context. To determine the stock's price and value according to Icahn, it would be necessary to refer to specific information or sources that outline Icahn's assessment of the stock at that time. Without further information, it is challenging to provide a definitive answer on the stock's price and value as per Icahn's evaluation.
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Sim Company exchanged an old machine with a carrying amount of $12,000 and a fair value of $8,000 for a new machine. The new machine had a list price of $56,000. Sim Company paid $43,000 cash and was offered $13,000 as a trade-in-allowance in the exchange. The new machine is recorded at ___________ on Sim Company's book.
The new machine is recorded at $0 on Sim Company's books.
How is the new machine recorded?In this scenario, Sim Company exchanged an old machine with a carrying amount of $12,000 and a fair value of $8,000 for a new machine. The new machine had a list price of $56,000. Sim Company paid $43,000 in cash and received a trade-in allowance of $13,000.
To determine the amount at which the new machine should be recorded on Sim Company's books, we need to consider the total cost of the new machine after accounting for the trade-in allowance and the cash paid. The calculation is as follows:
List price of the new machine: $56,000
Trade-in allowance: -$13,000
Cash paid: -$43,000
Total cost of the new machine: $56,000 - $13,000 - $43,000 = $0
Since the total cost of the new machine is $0 after accounting for the trade-in allowance and the cash paid, Sim Company would record the new machine at a cost of $0 on their books.
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How you would describe the coming together of Europe, the Americas, and Africa? Was it a discovery, a conquest, a process of creating new worlds, or something else entirely? Was it a little of everything?
The coming together of Europe, the Americas, and Africa changed into a complex ancient phenomenon that encompassed numerous elements and can't be effortlessly described by means of an unmarried term.
It involved an aggregate of things and techniques, along with exploration, conquest, colonization, exchange, cultural exchange, and the creation of recent worlds.
Discovery: The voyages of Christopher Columbus and different European explorers in the late fifteenth century opened up new horizons and revealed formerly unknown lands, together with the Americas. From the European attitude, this turned into visible as a discovery of new territories.
Conquest: Following the initial contact, European powers embarked on colonization efforts and engaged in navy conquests to set up management over the Americas and components of Africa. These conquests worried about the subjugation of indigenous populations and the imposition of European authority and governance.
Creation of New Worlds: The interactions among Europe, the Americas, and Africa caused the creation of the latest worlds characterized via the blending of cultures, alternate thoughts, and the formation of the latest societies. This system worried the migration of people, the introduction of new crops and cattle, the change of languages and religions, and the emergence of diverse cultural identities.
Trade and Commerce: The connections between Europe, the Americas, and Africa have been additionally driven by using economic reasons, such as the exploitation of natural resources, the established order of exchange networks, and the development of transatlantic trade routes. This caused the exchange of goods, which include spices, precious metals, agricultural merchandise, and slaves.
In essence, the approaching collectively of Europe, the Americas, and Africa concerned a mixture of discovery, conquest, the introduction of new worlds, and economic interactions. It became a complicated and multifaceted manner that shaped the history, cultures, and societies of these regions, leaving an enduring effect that continues to form our global nowadays.
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tuan and mai are married, file a joint return, and have three dependent children, jiao, age 6, and twins chang and gao, age 5. the couple has earned income of $72,000, earned equally between them. they paid a qualified day care center $7,000. how much is tuan and mai's child and dependent care credit for the year? multiple choice $0. $1,200. $1,400. $7,000.
Tuan and Mai's credit is $1,200. Therefore, option B ($1,200) is the correct answer.
Tuan and Mai's child and dependent care credit for the year is $1,200. To know the details of this answer, we have to apply a formula to determine the Child and Dependent Care Credit. This is a tax credit that is designed to help taxpayers pay for the care of their child, spouse, or other dependents while they are at work. The credit can be used to offset the cost of a qualified day care center, a nanny, or other similar services. Tuan and Mai are eligible for the credit because they have three dependent children. The amount of the credit is based on the couple's earned income and the amount they paid for child care. They have earned income of $72,000, which they earned equally between them. They paid a qualified day care center $7,000.Child and Dependent Care Credit formula is as follows: Maximum credit: $3,000 for one dependent, $6,000 for two or more dependents. Percentage of costs covered: 20% - 35% based on income. To calculate the credit, we first need to determine the amount of the couple's eligible expenses. This is the amount they paid for child care minus any employer-provided child care benefits. Since they didn't receive any employer-provided benefits, their eligible expenses are $7,000. Their credit is then calculated as follows: $7,000 x 20% = $1,400. However, the Child and Dependent Care Credit is limited to $1,200 for taxpayers with one qualifying child. Therefore, Tuan and Mai's credit is $1,200. Therefore, option B ($1,200) is the correct answer.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Demarco and Janine Jackson have been married for 20 years and have four children (no children under age 6 at
Using tax schedule, Jackson will receive a tax refund of $5573.
AGI = $100,000 (Salary income)
Gain on sale of house = $50, 000 (Given ) (It qualifies for exclusion and will not be included in tax liabilities)
Itemized deductions = $16,500 (Given)
Standard deduction = $24,400 (This is greater, so it is used for deduction)
Total taxable income = AGI -Standard deduction for married fitting jointly
= $100,000 - $24,400
= $75,600
Total tax liability = $1,975 + [12% * ($75,600 - $19,750)]
= $8,677
Withheld paychecks taxes = $6,250 (Given)
Taxes owed = $2,427
Credits = 4 children x $2,000 = $8,000
Net tax liability = Taxes owed - Credits
= $2,427 - $8,000
= ($5,573) refundable
Therefore, Demarco and Jackson would receive a tax refund of $5573.
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The complete question is:
Demarco and janine jackson have been married for 20 years and have four children who qualify as their dependents (damarcus, janine, michael, and candice). the couple received salary income of $100,000, and they sold their home this year. they initially purchased the home three years ago for $200,000 and they sold it for $250,000. the gain on the sale qualified for the exclusion from the sale of a principal residence. the jacksons incurred $16,500 of itemized deductions, and they had $6,250 withheld from their paychecks for federal taxes. they are also allowed to claim a child tax credit for each of their children. (use the tax rate schedules.)
Coman Company manufactures took trags and has provided the following information for Jan 2018 (Ccken to view the information) Requirements 1 Prepare a flexible budget performance report. Here You we n
Coman Company manufactures tool trags and has provided the following information for Jan 2018 in the given table:
Budgeted UnitsActual UnitsBudgeted PriceTotal Revenue Actual Price Total Revenue5000400$50.00$200,000$45.00$180,000ParticularsAmountFlexible Budget$200,000Actual Results$180,000Budget Variance($20,000)FavourableActual Variance($20,000)UnfavourableFlexible Budget:
A flexible budget is a financial plan which is prepared for several levels of activity within a company. The flexible budget adjusts revenues and expenses based on the actual level of activity during the budget period.
It is typically adjusted every month to reflect the level of activity in that month. In this case, the budgeted units were 5000 with a budgeted price of $50.00. This gave a total revenue of $200,000. Actual Results: The actual units manufactured were 4000 with an actual price of $45.00. The actual revenue was $180,000.
This gives a budget variance of ($20,000) which is favourable. Actual Variance: The actual variance was ($20,000) which is unfavourable.
This was because the actual price per unit was $5.00 lower than the budgeted price per unit. As a result, the actual revenue was also lower than the budgeted revenue.
What is a flexible budget performance report?A flexible budget performance report is a document that is used to compare the actual results of a company against its flexible budget.
This report is typically prepared on a monthly basis and is used to evaluate the performance of a company in a particular period.
The report is used to identify areas where the company has performed well and areas where it has performed poorly. It is also used to make adjustments to the company's financial plan based on the actual results of the company.
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on january 6, year 1, bulldog co. purchased 34% of the outstanding stock of gator co. for $212,000. gator co. paid total dividends of $24,000 to all shareholders on june 30. gator had a net loss of $56,000 for year 1. journalize bulldog's purchase of the stock, receipt of the dividends, and the adjusting entry for the equity loss in gator co. stock. compute the balance of investment in gator co. stock on december 31, year 1. how does valuing an investment under the equity method differ from valuing an investment at fair value?
Journal entry is a method of recording all the transactions occured in a business during a given accounting period. To record journal entry in the books of Bulldog Co.'s during the year end 31st December is as follows:
Investment in Gator Co. Stock A/c Dr. $212,000
Cash A/c Cr. $212,000
(Being stock purchased)
Cash A/c Dr. $8,160 (34% of $24,000)
Dividend Income A/c Cr. $8,160
(Being receipt of dividend recorded)
Equity Loss in Gator Co. Stock A/c Dr. $ 19,040 (34% of $56,000)
Investment in Gator Co. Stock A/c Cr. $19,040
(Being adjusting entry for the equity loss recorded)
2. To calculate balance on Investment:
Beginning balance = $212,000 (Initial purchase)
Add: Net loss = $19,040 (34% of $56,000)
Less: Dividends received = $8,160 (34% of $24,000)
Balance of investment:
$212,000 + $19,040 - $8,160
= $222,880
Therefore, the balance of the investment in Gator Co. stock on December 31, Year 1 is $ 222,880.
3. Valuation of investment under the equity method differs from fair value method in following ways:
Under equity method, investors record their share of the investee's net profit or loss and adjust their investment accounts accordingly. Investors also recognize a portion of the dividends received as dividend income. Investment account balances reflect an investor's ownership interest in the net assets of the company.
Under fair value method, investors value their investments at fair value. Fair value is the price received to sell an investment in an orderly transaction between market participants. Changes in the fair value of investments are recognized in the investor's income statement. The fair value method focuses on the market value of an investment rather than the financial performance.
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Carbon dioxide emissions are one of the major causes of air pollution. Whenever a firm emits carbon dioxide due to its business activities, it creates externalities for others.
(a) Should carbon dioxide emissions be banned completely from an economic perspective? "Completely banned" means no firms can emit carbon dioxide. Please explain.
Consider a world with three firms. Carbon dioxide emissions by different firms are different, and the cost of reducing emissions varies among them as shown in the following table:
Firm Emission of CO2 Cost of Reducing Emission by 1 Unit
A 50 units $20
B 30 units $30
C 40 units $40
Now, suppose all governments in the world agree to use emission permits to control the total amount of carbon dioxide to be emitted, and all governments in the world want to reduce the emission to 60 units. As a result, 60 permits will be issued and the holder of 1 emission permit can emit 1 unit of carbon dioxide legally.
(b) If each firm will be given 20 permits, will voluntarily trade happen among the firms? Describe who are buyers and who are sellers and how many permits will be traded among them.
(c) From the perspective of economic efficiency, should the permits for the emission of carbon dioxide be distributed equally among firms (that is each firm receives 20 permits) or by using auction (which is buyers willing to pay the highest price will get the permits)? Explain.
(a) From an economic perspective, completely banning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is not the most efficient solution. While CO2 emissions contribute to air pollution and have negative externalities, a complete ban on emissions would ignore the economic activities that rely on carbon-intensive processes.
(b) In a voluntary trading scenario, Firm A is likely to buy additional permits due to its higher cost of reducing emissions. Firms B and C, with lower costs, may become sellers and offer permits for sale. The quantity of permits traded will depend on negotiations between buyers and sellers. This trading allows firms to achieve the emission reduction target of 60 units while considering their respective costs and preferences.
(c)
Auctions for carbon dioxide emission permits are favored for economic efficiency compared to equal distribution. Auctions allocate permits to firms with the highest value, ensuring they go to those with the lowest emission reduction costs. Equal distribution disregards cost differences and can lead to inefficiencies. Auctions utilize market forces, encouraging cost-effective emission reductions and maximizing economic efficiency.
(a) From an economic perspective, completely banning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is not the most efficient solution. While CO2 emissions contribute to air pollution and have negative externalities, a complete ban on emissions would ignore the economic activities that rely on carbon-intensive processes. This could have severe economic consequences, affecting industries such as energy, manufacturing, and transportation.
Instead of a complete ban, a more effective approach would be to implement policies that internalize the costs of CO2 emissions, such as a carbon pricing mechanism. This could be in the form of a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system, which would provide economic incentives for firms to reduce their emissions while allowing for more flexibility and innovation in finding the most cost-effective solutions.
(b) Given that each firm will be given 20 permits and the total emission needs to be reduced to 60 units, voluntary trading among the firms is likely to happen. In this scenario, Firm A, which has the highest cost of reducing emissions, will likely become a buyer and seek to purchase additional permits to comply with the emission reduction target. Firms B and C, which have lower costs of reducing emissions, may become sellers and offer their permits for sale. The number of permits traded will depend on the willingness of the buyers and sellers to negotiate mutually beneficial agreements.
(c) From the perspective of economic efficiency, it is generally more beneficial to distribute permits for the emission of carbon dioxide through auctions rather than equally among firms. Auctions allow the permits to be allocated to the firms that value them the most, as buyers willing to pay the highest price will secure the permits. This ensures that the permits are allocated to those firms that can achieve emission reductions at the lowest cost, thereby maximizing economic efficiency. Equal distribution of permits does not take into account the varying costs of emission reductions among firms and may lead to inefficient outcomes, as some firms may have a greater capacity to reduce emissions compared to others. By utilizing auctions, the market can determine the allocation of permits based on the firms' valuations, promoting economic efficiency and incentivizing cost-effective emission reduction strategies.
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(5 points) Use your own words to briefly discuss at least five different applications of equity valuation. In other words, how equity valuation is applied in practice? (5 points)
Equity valuation is a financial technique used to estimate the fair value of a company's stock or equity. It is a fundamental approach used to determine the intrinsic value of a company's shares for investment decisions. The following are some of the uses of equity valuation in practice:
Fundamental analysis: Equity valuation can be used to assess the intrinsic worth of a company, its financial position, revenue potential, and future growth prospects. It aids investors in making informed investment choices. Merger and acquisition: Equity valuation is used to determine the fair value of a company during the M&A process. This helps in deciding the cost of acquiring a company or whether to invest in it.
Financial reporting: Equity valuation is an important aspect of financial reporting as it can aid in determining the fair value of the company's equity or shares, which can be used to report financial statements. Shareholder value creation: Equity valuation can be used by managers to increase shareholder value by making strategic business decisions, including investments, acquisitions, and divestitures.
Portfolio management: Equity valuation is used by portfolio managers to make investment decisions based on a company's fundamentals, market performance, and industry outlook. They use this information to construct a well-diversified portfolio.
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Business Strategy (Chapter 6)
Which generic business strategy (if the firm is multi-business, select a single business) is your firm employing? Is the firm leveraging the appropriate value and cost drivers for the business strategy you identified? Explain why or why not. Company is General Electric.
General Electric is employing a cost-leadership business strategy by focusing on controlling its costs and attaining economies of scale to offer its products at affordable prices. The firm is leveraging the appropriate value and cost drivers for the strategy by investing in technology, restructuring, and enhancing operational efficiency.
General Electric (GE) is employing a cost-leadership business strategy. This is because GE is focusing on controlling its costs and attaining economies of scale to offer its products at affordable prices to its customers. To achieve this, the company engages in various cost-cutting measures like restructuring, investing in new technologies, and reducing its workforce. Additionally, GE focuses on increasing its production and operational efficiency to enhance its cost-leadership.
GE is leveraging appropriate value and cost drivers for the cost-leadership strategy. The company's supply chain is a major cost driver that helps it achieve economies of scale. Additionally, GE has been investing heavily in technology, which is another cost driver, to improve efficiency in its operations. Furthermore, the company has been restructuring, which is another cost driver, to cut down on costs. By focusing on these cost drivers, GE is in a better position to achieve its cost-leadership strategy.
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Speculative, or non-investment-grade, bonds have an s&p bond rating of:
Speculative, or non-investment-grade, bonds have an S&P bond rating of below BBB-.
Bond ratings provided by rating agencies like Standard & Poor's (S&P) indicate the creditworthiness and risk associated with a bond. Investment-grade bonds typically have ratings of BBB- or higher, indicating a relatively lower risk of default. Speculative, or non-investment-grade, bonds have ratings below BBB- and are considered higher risk. These bonds may have ratings such as BB, B, CCC, etc., depending on the specific rating agency's scale.
The S&P bond rating of below BBB- is associated with bonds that have a higher risk of default and are considered speculative. Investors who purchase these bonds typically demand higher yields to compensate for the increased risk. It's important for investors to carefully assess the credit ratings and associated risks before investing in speculative bonds.
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An initial public offering (IPO) is: A An inevitable event in the life of a company that occurs once the stock market discipline becomes essential for the efficient operations of the business B A compulsory milestone that companies go through to enhance their visibility with consumers and improve their chances of outperforming the sector C A pivotal moment in the life of a corporation that requires a tremendous amount of resource and time and hence undertaken in isolation from other company events D Undertaken in order to provide full access to public, liquid capital markets and often selected among other key strategic alternatives E I do not want to answer this question 12. Which of the following is TRUE? A I do not want to answer this question B With the locked box account approach, the date when the economic risks and gains pass on to the buyer is the signing date C With the completion account approach, the date when the economic risks and gains pass on to the buyer is the completion date D With the completion account approach, the date when the economic risks and gains pass on to the buyer is the signing date E With the locked box account approach, the date when the economic risks and gains pass on to the buyer is the completion date
An initial public offering (IPO) is undertaken in order to provide full access to public, liquid capital markets and often selected among other key strategic alternatives .The correct option is D.
An initial public offering (IPO) is a company's initial sale of its shares to the public. An IPO is a corporate finance transaction that enables a company to raise capital from public investors by issuing new shares of stock. The term "initial public offering" refers to the first time a business sells its shares to the general public
The company's shares are traded on the stock market after the IPO, and their value is determined by supply and demand. The true option is:
B: With the locked box account approach, the date when the economic risks and gains pass on to the buyer is the signing date or completion date. The locked box mechanism is a way of calculating a company's enterprise value, which is the value of its operating assets.
The seller calculates a reference enterprise value and then calculates the cash in the company to reach the estimated enterprise value as of a set date, usually the most recent year-end. The buyer agrees to pay the enterprise value that is calculated at the set date as a purchase price.
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1. Project goal setting includes setting a baseline plan, which
is predicated on: Select one:
a. an accurate work breakdown structure.
b. the type of gap analysis the project team plans to use.
c. the
Project goal setting includes setting a baseline plan, which is predicated on an accurate work breakdown structure. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Work Breakdown Structure is a project management tool that is used to decompose a project into smaller, more manageable components. The tool assists the project team in identifying all the tasks required to complete a project, breaking them down into manageable pieces, and defining how the work should be executed.
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is used to divide a project into smaller, more manageable components. When it comes to project management, breaking the project down into more manageable components aids in the planning process. Therefore, an accurate work breakdown structure is required to set a baseline plan in project goal setting.
Therefore, a is correct.
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All of the brands that a consumer will evaluate for the solution of a particular problem is known as the
a. inert set
b. decision set
c. awareness set
d. evoked set
e. none of the above
D) For marketers, the challenge is to get their products into the customer's evoked set and to remain there.
The correct option is d. evoked set. The term 'evoked set' refers to all of the brands that a consumer considers when faced with a particular problem or need. This refers to the group of goods that a customer considers when making a purchase decision. It is considered a very critical phase in the process of purchasing. According to the consumer's knowledge and experience, the evoked set is not permanent. The set of firms that are deemed when a consumer has a particular need or issue, and they then go on to buy one of the products in that set, are known as the evoked set. The consumer examines the advantages and disadvantages of each option in the evoked set in order to make an informed decision. For marketers, the challenge is to get their products into the customer's evoked set and to remain there.
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assume that the tire division has excess capacity, meaning that it can produce tires for the tractor division without giving up any of its current tire sales to outsiders. If Greely Motors has a negotiated transfer price policy, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price? What is the highest acceptable transfer price?
In a negotiated transfer price policy, the tire division can supply tires to the tractor division without sacrificing its external tire sales. The lowest acceptable transfer price would be the variable cost per tire, as the tire division should not accept a transfer price lower than its variable costs. This price ensures that the tire division covers its direct costs and avoids losses.
On the other hand, the highest acceptable transfer price would be the market price for tires charged to external customers. Since the tire division can sell its tires externally and earn a market price, it would not accept a transfer price higher than what it can obtain from external sales. This ensures that the tractor division does not pay more than the prevailing market price for the tires.
By setting the transfer price between the variable cost per tire (lowest acceptable) and the market price for tires (highest acceptable), both divisions can benefit from the internal transfer without compromising their respective economic interests. The specific values for the lowest acceptable transfer price and the highest acceptable transfer price would depend on the actual variable costs and market prices in the scenario.
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Which of the following is correct about a monopsonistic market? Resources are efficiently allocated.
There is one supplier and many buyers.
The monopsony has the same quantity transacted as in a perfectly competitive market.
The supply curve is horizontal and is equal to the average cost of labor.
Purchase of an additional item increases the price of the item and of the existing items being purchased.
The statement that is correct about a monopolistic market is - There is one supplier and many buyers are the correct answer.
A monopsonistic market is characterized by a single buyer and multiple sellers. The market is similar to a monopoly market, except that in a monopoly market, a single firm is the only supplier of a commodity or service, whereas, in a monopsonistic market, a single buyer has a significant market share and can influence market prices. In a monopsonistic market, resources are allocated inefficiently, and the monopsony tends to pay a lower price for goods or services. Additionally, the purchase of an additional item in a monopsonistic market can increase the price of the item and the existing items being purchased.
In a perfectly competitive market, buyers and sellers have no power to influence the market price. The supply curve is determined by the marginal cost of production, and the demand curve is determined by consumer preferences. The quantity transacted in a perfectly competitive market is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves. In contrast, a monopsonistic market has a horizontal supply curve that is equal to the average cost of labour. As a result, the quantity transacted in a monopsonistic market is less than the quantity transacted in a perfectly competitive market. Overall, a monopsonistic market is inefficient because the buyer has market power and can reduce the price paid to sellers.
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Each of the following gross profit percentages isexpressed in terms of cost.
1. 20%
2. 25%.
3. 33⅓%.
4. 50%.
InstructionsIndicate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for each of the above
Each of the following gross profit percentages is expressed in terms of sales.
1. 16.67%
2. 20%
3. 25%
4. 33.33%
1. Gross profit percentage of 20% in terms of sales:
To express the gross profit percentage in terms of sales, we need to convert it from the cost basis to the sales basis. The formula to convert the gross profit percentage from cost to sales is as follows:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of cost) / (1 + Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of cost))
Let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for 20%:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20% / (1 + 20%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20% / (1 + 0.2)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20% / 1.2
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) ≈ 16.67%
The gross profit percentage of 20% in terms of cost is approximately 16.67% when expressed in terms of sales.
2. Gross profit percentage of 25% in terms of sales:
Using the same formula, let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for 25%:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 25% / (1 + 25%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 25% / (1 + 0.25)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 25% / 1.25
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20%
The gross profit percentage of 25% in terms of cost is equal to 20% when expressed in terms of sales.
3. Gross profit percentage of 33⅓% in terms of sales:
For 33⅓%, let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 33⅓% / (1 + 33⅓%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 33⅓% / (1 + 0.333)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 33⅓% / 1.333
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) ≈ 25%
The gross profit percentage of 33⅓% in terms of cost is approximately 25% when expressed in terms of sales.
4. Gross profit percentage of 50% in terms of sales:
Finally, let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for 50%:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 50% / (1 + 50%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 50% / (1 + 0.5)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 50% / 1.5
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) ≈ 33.33%
The gross profit percentage of 50% in terms of cost is approximately 33.33% when expressed in terms of sales.
The gross profit percentages in terms of sales for the given gross profit percentages expressed in terms of cost are:
1. 16.67%
2. 20%
3. 25%
4. 33.33%
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Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answe Non-value-added activities O should be reduced or eliminated. O involve resource usage customers are willing to pay for. O increase both the cost and market value of a product. cannot be differentiated from value-added activities.
Non-value-added activities should be reduced or eliminated. Option a is correct.
In accounting, a non-value-added activity is an activity that adds no value to the final product. Non-value-added activities are actions that do not improve a company's product or service in the eyes of the customer. The ultimate goal of a company is to eliminate non-value-added activities and replace them with value-added activities.
The value-added activities are those that increase the worth of the product or service in the eyes of the customer. The benefits of value-added activities are that they provide the consumer with a higher quality product or service, while also reducing the cost of the product or service.
Therefore, a is correct.
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Suppose that the following two sceanrios occur one after another:
Scenario 1: A newly established trade agreement between the UK and Australia, leads to an increase in net exports from the UK to Australia.
Scenario 2: The Reserve Bank of Australia decides to hold more British Pounds (GBP) in its foreign reserves.
Scenario 1 will cause the AUD to against the GBP and scenario 2 will cause the GBP to against the AUD.
O depreciate; appreciate appreciate; appreciate depreciate; depreciate O appreciate; depreciate stabilize; depreciate
Scenario 1 states that there has been an increase in net exports from the UK to Australia.
This will increase the demand for GBP in the market which will cause the value of GBP to appreciate and AUD to depreciate. Scenario 2 states that the Reserve Bank of Australia is holding more GBP in its foreign reserves. This action will increase the supply of AUD in the market which will cause the value of AUD to depreciate and the value of GBP to appreciate.
Therefore, Scenario 1 will cause the AUD to depreciate against the GBP and Scenario 2 will cause the GBP to appreciate against the AUD.
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Kristin offers to sell land to Ian for $5,000. Ian says that $5,000 is too much, but he will pay $4,000. Kristin says no. Two days later, Ian accepts Kristin's original offer. Do we have an enforceable contract? Why? Why not?
Make a statement on legal grounds. 200word
Based on the information provided, there is likely no enforceable contract between Kristin and Ian for the sale of land. The counteroffer made by Ian for $4,000 constituted a rejection of Kristin's original offer of $5,000.
When Kristin declined Ian's counteroffer, it terminated the original offer. Therefore, Ian's subsequent acceptance of the original offer two days later does not result in a binding agreement.
To form a valid and enforceable contract, there must be a mutual agreement or "meeting of the minds" between the parties involved. In this case, Kristin initially offered to sell the land for $5,000. However, when Ian responded with a counteroffer of $4,000, it constituted a rejection of Kristin's original offer and presented a new proposal. Kristin's rejection of Ian's counteroffer terminated the original offer, eliminating any legal obligation for either party to adhere to the initial terms.
Since Kristin refused Ian's counteroffer, it essentially nullified Ian's subsequent acceptance of the original offer. For a valid contract to exist, both parties must fully and unconditionally accept the terms of the agreement. In this scenario, there was no unambiguous acceptance of the original offer, as it had already been rejected by Ian's counteroffer and Kristin's subsequent refusal. Therefore, without a valid acceptance, there is no enforceable contract between Kristin and Ian for the sale of the land.
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What is pre-writing? In your own words, discuss all the prewriting techniques with relevant examples for each.
Prewriting is the stage in which a writer makes a decision on what they intend to write about, creates a plan, and identifies strategies for their writing process. This step is crucial to the success of any written work. This question asks about prewriting techniques, so let's explore them.
Prewriting Techniques There are several prewriting techniques available for a writer to choose from, but the following are the most important:
1. Brainstorming Brainstorming is a prewriting technique that involves generating a large number of ideas in a limited period. These ideas can be written down in a list format or mind-mapping. It can be done solo or in groups.Example: If the topic of an essay is "The Causes and Effects of Water Pollution," a writer may jot down things like oil spills, sewage disposal, industrial waste, pesticides, and so on.
2. Clustering Clustering, also known as Mind-Mapping, involves drawing an idea map or diagram. The main idea is placed in the center of the page, and other sub-ideas are linked to it. It is an excellent prewriting technique for writers who are visual learners. Example: For instance, if a writer intends to write a persuasive essay on the benefits of technology in education, they may jot down the benefits of technology in education, eLearning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), educational software, digital textbooks, online classes, and so on.
3. Freewriting Freewriting is a prewriting technique that involves writing whatever comes to mind for a set period, whether it's a sentence or a paragraph. The goal of freewriting is to express ideas without worrying about grammar, punctuation, or even spelling. Example: For instance, if a writer wants to write an essay on the advantages of electric cars, they may start freewriting about electric cars' benefits like low emissions, efficiency, and cost savings.
4. Listing Listing is a prewriting technique that involves writing down ideas in a list format. It's an excellent prewriting technique for writers who prefer an organized approach to prewriting. Example: If a writer intends to write a descriptive essay about their ideal vacation spot, they may jot down the beach, beautiful scenery, relaxation, peace and quiet, and so on.
5. Outlining Outlining is a prewriting technique that involves organizing ideas in a hierarchical manner. This technique involves creating a plan for writing by breaking it down into sections or subtopics. Example: For instance, if a writer intends to write an argumentative essay on the advantages of online classes, they may start outlining by stating the introduction, then listing the advantages of online classes, addressing the disadvantages, and finally ending with a conclusion.
6. Questioning Questioning is a prewriting technique that involves creating a list of questions related to the topic. The idea behind this technique is to answer the questions, which then helps in generating more ideas.Example: If a writer intends to write a report on "The Causes and Effects of Global Warming," they may jot down questions like, "What is global warming?" "What causes global warming?" "What are the effects of global warming?" "How can we prevent global warming?" "What can individuals do to help?" and so on.
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5. (20 pts) FGS 9.5 - If the price elasticity of demand is -0.5 and the income elasticity is +0.3, then what will be the effect of a simultaneous 10 percent increase in price and a 10 percent increase
The effect of a simultaneous 10% increase in price and a 10% increase in the price elasticity of demand of -0.5 and income elasticity of +0.3 is 2% decrease in the quantity demanded.
Explanation: Given:
Price elasticity of demand = -0.5
Income elasticity = +0.3
Increase in price = 10%
Increase in quantity demanded = ?
Calculation:
Percentage change in quantity demanded = Percentage change in price x Price elasticity of demand
Percentage change in quantity demanded = 10% x (-0.5)
Percentage change in quantity demanded = -5%.
Therefore, a 10% increase in price leads to a 5% decrease in the quantity demanded. Now, we have to calculate the effect of a simultaneous 10% increase in price and a 10% increase in the income elasticity of demand. Percentage change in the quantity demanded with respect to a change in income is given by:
Percentage change in quantity demanded = Percentage change in income x Income elasticity of demand
Percentage change in quantity demanded = 10% x 0.3
Percentage change in quantity demanded = 3%
Now, we have to add up the changes in quantity demanded. Therefore, the total change in quantity demanded would be: Total change in quantity demanded = Change in quantity demanded due to change in price + Change in quantity demanded due to change in income. Total change in quantity demanded = -5% + 3%
Total change in quantity demanded = -2%
Therefore, a simultaneous 10% increase in price and a 10% increase in the income elasticity of demand would result in a 2% decrease in the quantity demanded.
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