outline the properties of alkanes​

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Physical Properties of Alkanes : -

1. Structures of Alkanes

All the carbon atoms present in an alkane are  s p 3.  Hybridized that is, every carbon atom forms four sigma bonds with carbon or hydrogen atoms. General configuration of alkane is  C n H 2 n + 2. They exhibit tetrahedral geometry with a bond angle of 109.47° between them. The methane molecule has a symmetrical tetrahedral structure.

2. Solubility of Alkanes

Due to very little difference of electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen and covalent nature of C-C bond or C-H bond, alkanes are generally non-polar molecules. As we generally observe, polar molecules are soluble in polar solvents whereas non-polar molecules are soluble in non-polar solvents. Hence, alkanes are hydrophobic in nature that is, alkanes are insoluble in water. However, they are soluble in organic solvents as the energy required to overcome the existing Van Der Waals forces and generate new Van Der Waals forces is quite comparable.

3. Boiling Point of Alkanes

As the intermolecular Van Der Waals forces increase with the increase of the molecular size or the surface area of the molecule we observe. The boiling point of alkanes increases with increasing molecular weight. The straight-chain alkanes are observed to have a higher boiling point in comparison to their structural isomers.

4. Melting Point of Alkanes

The melting point of alkanes follows the same trend as their boiling point that is, it increases with an increase in molecular weight. This is attributed to the fact that higher alkanes are solids and it’s difficult to overcome intermolecular forces of attraction between them.It is generally observed that even-numbered alkanes have higher trend in melting point in comparison to odd-numbered alkanes as the even-numbered alkanes pack well in the solid phase, forming a well-organized structure which is difficult to break.

Chemical Properties of Alkanes

Alkanes are the least reactive type of organic compound. Alkanes are not absolutely unreactive. Two important reactions that they undergo are combustion, which is the reaction with oxygen and halogenation, which is the reaction with halogens.

1. Combustion

A combustion reaction is a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen that proceeds with the evolution of heat and light. Alkanes readily undergo combustion reactions when ignited. \When sufficient oxygen is present to support total combustion then carbon dioxide and water are the products.

CH2 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + energy

2C6H14 + 19O2 → 12CO2 + 14H2O + energy

The exothermic nature of alkane combustion reactions explains the extensive use of alkanes as fuels. Natural gas, used in home heating is predominantly methane.

2. Halogenation

Halogenation of an alkane produces a hydrocarbon derivative in which one or more halogen atoms have been substituted for hydrogen atoms. An example of an alkane halogenation reaction is

CH3 - CH3 + Br2 → CH3 - CH2 - Br + HBr

Alkane halogenation is an example of a substitution reaction a type of reaction that often occurs in organic chemistry. A general equation for the substitution of a single halogen atom for one of the hydrogen atoms of an alkane is

R - H + X2 → R - X + H - X

Explanation:


Related Questions

How is hydrogen isolated from water

Answers

To extract hydrogen from water, researchers insert two electrodes across the water and pass current, which can separate the hydrogen from water. The process called electrolysis of water. ... An electric field applied through the cobalt oxide to water molecules resulted in the electrolysis of water

Hydrogen gas is an environment-friendly fuel — it produces water on combustion in the presence of oxygen. ... To extract hydrogen from water, researchers insert two electrodes across the water and pass current, which can separate the hydrogen from water. The process called electrolysis of water.

What is the density of a sponge that has a mass of 100g and a volume of 10 mL?

Answers

Answer:

10

Explanation:

Equation: d = m/v

100/10 = 10

Answer:
10g/ml
Explanation:
Density is the mass an object per unit of volume

What is the coefficient for O2 in the balanced version of the following chemical equation: C2H4+O2→CO2+H2O

Answers

Answer:

3

Explanation:

Here's the balanced equation;

C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O

C ⇒2                          C ⇒1 x 2 = 2

H ⇒4                          H ⇒2 x 2 = 4

O ⇒3 x 2 = 6             O ⇒ (2 x 2) + (2 x 1) = 6

The coefficient that has been added as the coefficient to O2 is 3.

C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O.

the given equation has 2oxygen atoms on the reactant side and 3 oxygen atoms on the product side

so to make it equal we have to add 3 as coefficient of O2  on the reactant side.

Therefore the correct answer to the equation C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O is 3.

to know more refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/14818214

#SPJ2

Suppose you have samples of three unknown solids. Explain how you could use their properties to
determine whether or not they are ionic solids.

Answers

Using melting and boiling temperature, hardness and electric current passing testing.

Ionic solids

Ionic solids are materials that have a strong bond between their ions, thus producing well-defined shapes.

In addition, due to this strong attraction, the boiling and melting temperatures of these materials are very high, in addition to the resistance to breakage presented by them.

Finally, ionic solids are also excellent conductors of electricity.

So, their properties used to determine whether or not they are ionic solids are  melting and boiling temperature, hardness and electric current passing testing.

Learn more about ionic solids: brainly.com/question/8236583

Ionic compounds in own words

Answers

an ionic compound is made of two or more elements held by a strong electrostatic force. metal atoms lose electrons to become positive ions, and non metals gain electrons to become negative ions. ionic bonding occurs between metals and non metals

Which two substances are reactants in the chemical reactions of cellular respiration?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is A and C.

Explanation:

The reactants in the process of cellular respiration are oxygen and glucose, respectively. It is ATP that serves as the primary product of cellular respiration, with carbon dioxide and water serving as waste products.

Sugar is a glucose.

Oxygen and glucose are the two  substances that are reactants in the chemical reactions of cellular respiration. Therefore, the correct options are options A, C.

What is cellular respiration?

Through the process of cellular respiration, organisms mix oxygen with food molecules, directing the chemical energy contained in these substances towards life-sustaining processes while excreting carbon dioxide and water as waste. Foods are broken down by microorganisms that do not require oxygen in a process known as fermentation.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an energy-rich compound that absorbs the chemical energy generated by the decomposition of food molecules then releases it to power other cellular functions, is one goal of the breakdown of foodstuffs. ATP is created when the energy found inside chemical bonds is converted from one form to another. Oxygen and glucose are the two  substances that are reactants in the chemical reactions of cellular respiration.

Therefore, the correct options are options A, C.

To know more about cellular respiration, here:

https://brainly.com/question/29760658

#SPJ2

plz help me I will mark as brainlest

All three metals react with cold water.
Complete the word equation for these reactions.
metal + water ➡️ _______ + ________​

Answers

Answer:

metal oxide +hydrogen gas

The group of elements that make up the smallest percentage of the periodic table are the

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Why we use two different methods for detection of cogulase enzyme ? Or what other reason or what basic different between them?

Answers

I’m so sorry I hope you have a wonderful day good luck

Physical change does not produce a nee substance true or false

Answers

Answer:

ooooooooh .,.,.,.,.,.,

Answer:

True

TruePhysical change – A change in the size, shape, color, or state of matter of a substance. No new substance is produced.

Are the 3 right for number 12?

Answers

Yes those are correct! :D Nice job

PLS HELP ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Upload images that have physical and chemical properties
(six physical properties and 2 chemical properties)

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

I hope this helps

A mixture of solids containing a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an amine, are dissolved in DCM. What is the best way to begin an extraction to separate the amine from the mixture

Answers

There are different ways of extraction. The best way to begin an extraction to separate the amine from the mixture is to extract with dilute NaOH.

An acid-base extraction is often used in the extraction of carboxylic acids from the organic layer and thereafter into the aqueous layer.

NaOH is known to be the most common compound that is used to convert a carboxylic acid into its more water-soluble ionic carboxylate form.

But if  the mixture has a compound that you want, and that can react with NaOH, another milder base such as sodium bicarbonate is preferably used.

See full question below

A mixture of solids containing a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and an amine, are dissolved in DCM. What is the best way to begin an extraction in order to separate the carboxylic acid from the mixture?

A) Extract with dilute NaOH

B) Extract with dilute HCl

C) Extract with dichloromethane

D) Extract with water

Learn more from

https://brainly.com/question/2646724

How many grams are in 0.787 moles of kcn

Answers

Answer:

=> moles = Given mass/molar mass

=> 0.787 = Given mass/(39 + 12 + 14)

=> 0.787 = Given mass/65

=> mass = 0.787 × 65

=> mass = 51.155 g

HELP ME OUT PLEASE!!!!!!!!

A chemical reaction in which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is decomposed (broken down) results in the production of two simpler compounds. (See diagram) What mass of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) to the nearest hundredth of a gram, is broken down in this reaction?

A) 28 00g

B) 21979

C) 49.979

D) 50.000​

Answers

Answer:

49.979

Explanation:

study the graph above. In terms of bond energy, which statement is TRUE regarding the energy involved in breaking and making bonds.

a,b,c, or d?

Answers

The energy taken in to break the bond is greater than the energy released after the bond is made therefore the reaction is endothermic.

A plot of energy against time is called a reaction profile. The hump in the plot is known as the activation energy of the reaction. It stands as the energy barrier between reactants and products.

Looking at the reaction profile as shown, we can see that more energy is taken in to break the bonds than energy that is given out after making the bonds hence the reaction is endothermic.

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/2192784

Answer:

the answer is c

Explanation:

usa test prep says so!

In the following reaction, what is the quantity of heat (in kJ) released when 5.87 moles of CH₄ are burned?
CH₄ (g) + 2 O₂ (g) → CO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O(g) ∆H° = -802 kJ/mol

Answers

Taking into account the definition of enthalpy of a chemical reaction, the quantity of heat released when 5.87 moles of CH₄ are burned is 4,707.74 kJ.

The enthalpy of a chemical reaction as the heat absorbed or released in a chemical reaction when it occurs at constant pressure. That is, the heat of reaction is the energy that is released or absorbed when chemicals are transformed into a chemical reaction.

The enthalpy is an extensive property, that is, it depends on the amount of matter present.

In this case, the balanced reaction is:

CH₄ (g) + 2 O₂ (g) → CO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O(g)

and the enthalpy reaction ∆H° has a value of -802 kJ/mol.

This equation indicates that when 1 mole of CH₄ reacts with 2 moles of O2, 802 kJ of heat is released.

When 5.87 moles of CH₄ are burned, then you can apply the following rule of three: if 1 mole of CH₄ releases 802 kJ of heat, 5.87 moles of CH₄ releases how much heat?

[tex]heat=\frac{5.87 molesof CH_{4}x802 kJ}{1 mol of CH_{4} }[/tex]

heat= 4,707.74 kJ

Finally, the quantity of heat released when 5.87 moles of CH₄ are burned is 4,707.74 kJ.

Learn more:

https://brainly.com/question/15355361?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/16982510?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/13813185?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/19521752

Consider the case where a closed vessel initially is filled with 1 mol of EE at 88 kPa. Then, pure EtOH is gradually added to the system at constant temperature and pressure until the system is comprised of 1 mol EE and 9 mol EtOH. Describe how the phase behavior and phase composition change throughout this process. Does the system phase separate at any point

Answers

Answer:

chu papi

Explanation:

Chemical properties of mercury hg

Answers

Answer:

Mercury has a relatively high vapour pressure and the highest volatility of any metal, vapourizing to become a colourless, odourless gas. The metal is a fair conductor of electricity, but a poor conductor of heat. Mercury's atomic number is 8.

a 13.5 g sample of zinc(zn) heated from 24.2 degrees celsius to 83.6 degrees celsius that absorbs 312j of heat? use specific heat

Answers

Explanation:

83.6-24.2= 59.4 which is the change in heat

PLEASE HELP!!
ATTACHMENT BELOW

Answers

Answer:

read the story

Explanation:

read it and then you will find the answer

A student mixes some soap with water and then blows through a straw into the solution. Bubbles form. Do you think a chemical change has taken place? Explain

Answers

Answer:

No it has not.

Explanation:

The actual chemical compound has not changed, the materials have mixed but no reaction has taken place. Blowing the bubbles causes a physical change. Hope this helped!

Mixing soap and water and forming bubbles is a physical change as there is no change in composition.

What is a physical change?

Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.

Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.Examples of physical changes include melting,boiling , change in texture, size,color,volume and density.Magnetism, crystallization, formation of alloys are all reversible and hence physical changes.

They involve only rearrangement of atoms and are often characterized to be changes which are reversible.

Learn more about physical changes,here:

https://brainly.com/question/17931044

#SPJ2

pls help
A 4.0 L sample of gas has a pressure of 300 kPa at 250K. What will the volume be if the pressure is increased to 500 kPa and the temperature is decreased to 200 K?

Answers

Answer:A versatile Ideal Gas Laws calculator with which you can calculate the pressure, volume, quantity (moles) or temperature of an ideal gas, given the other three. Free online gas law calculator a.k.a. PV = nRT calculator which accepts different input metric units such as temperature in celsius, fahrenheit, kelvin; pressure in pascals, bars, atmospheres; volume in both metric and imperial units ...

The boiling point of a substance is tested. After 10 tests, the result is given as 37+/−3°C. Which conclusion can be drawn from this result?

A- The scientists do not need to collect more data because they have narrowed down the range of the results.

B- The scientists should not report these results until they have the exact number.

C- The actual boiling point is either 34°C or 40°C.

D- The actual boiling point is probably between 34°C and 40°C.

Answers

From the data obtained from the tests, the actual boiling point lies between 34°C and 40°C.

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the pressure of the substance becomes equal to atmospheric pressure. Pure substances have a sharp boiling point while impure substances boil over a temperature range.

In this case, the boiling point of the substance after 10 tests is obtained as 37+/−3°C. This implies that the actual boiling point lies between 34°C and 40°C.

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/8646601

Explain how you determine the freezing point of a solution that does not have a well-defined transition in the cooling curve.

Answers

This question is asking for a method for the determination of the freezing point in a solution that does not have a noticeable transition in the cooling curve, which is basically based on a linear fit method.

The first step, would be to understand that when the transition is well-defined as the one on the attached file, we can just identify the temperature by just reading the value on the graph, at the time the slope has a pronounced change. For instance, on the attached, the transition occurs after about 43 seconds and the freezing point will be about 4 °C.

However, when we cannot identify a pronounced change in the slope, it will be necessary to use a linear fit method (such as minimum squares) to figure out the equation for each segmented line having a significantly different slope and then equal them so that we can numerically solve for the intercept.

As an example, imagine two of the segmented lines have the following equations after applying the linear fit method:

[tex]y=-3.5 x + 25\\\\y=-0.52 x + 2[/tex]

First of all, we equal them to find the x-value, in this case the time at which the freezing point takes place:

[tex]-3.5 x + 25=-0.52 x + 2\\\\-3.5 x+0.52 x =2-25\\\\x=\frac{-23}{-2.98}=7.72[/tex]

Next, we plug it in in any of the trendlines to obtain the freezing point as the y-value:

[tex]y=-3.5 (7.72) + 25\\\\y = 1.84[/tex]

This means the freezing point takes place after 7.72 second of cooling and is about 1.84 °C. Now you can replicate it for any not well-defined cooling curve.

Learn more:

https://brainly.com/question/22818252 https://brainly.com/question/9680530

answer this please ......................

Answers

Answer:

River esk the third one is righttt

1.) Calculation: If 9.02 x 1024 particles of vinegar (HC2H3O2)HC2H3O2) are added to 16.5 moles of eggshell (CaCO3) and 6.35 moles g of
calcium acetate is formed. What is the;
(a) theoretical yield,
(b) actual yield and,
(c) percent yield

Answers

The theoretical yield of acetate is 2607 g. The actual yield of acetate is 1066.8 g. The percentage yield of acetate is 41%.

If 1 mole of vinegar contains 6.02  x 10^23 particles

x moles of vinegar contains 9.02 x 10^24 particles

x = 1 mole x 9.02 x 10^24 /6.02 x 10^23

x = 15 moles of vinegar

The reaction is as follows;

2HC2H3O2 + CaCO3 -----> Ca(C2H3O2)2 + H2O + CO2

Since 2 moles of vinegar reacts with 1 mole of carbonate

x moles of vinegar reacts with 16.5 moles of carbonate

x =  2 moles x 16.5 moles/ 1 mole

x = 33 moles of vinegar

We can see that the vinegar is the reactant in excess hence the carbonate is the limiting reactant.

Theoretical yield = 16.5 moles x 158 g/mol = 2607 g

Actual yield = 6.35 moles  x 158 g/mol = 1066.8 g

Percent yield = 1066.8 g/2607 g × 100/1

= 41%

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/13440572?

WILL GIVE BRAINLEST

Water waves in a small tank are 6.0 cm long. They pass at a given point at a rate of 4.8 waves per second. What is the speed of the wave?

Answers

Answer:,   Correct option is    0.288m/s

Explanation:    

The relationship between the velocity of the wave, its wavelength and frequency is given by the formula

Wavelengthλ=

Frequency(ν)

Speed(v)

,

where, v - velocity of the wave

           λ - wavelength of the wave

          f - frequency of the wave.

In the question it is given that the frequency is 4.8 Hz and the wavelength is 6.0 cm, that is, 0.06 meters.

The velocity of the sound is calculated as follows.

v=f×λ=4.8 Hz×0.06 m=0.288 m/s

Hence, the speed of the water wave is 0.288 m/s.

Balance the following redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution. What are the coefficients in front of Ni and H+ in the balanced reaction? Ni2+(aq) + NH4+(aq) → Ni(s) + NO3-(aq)

Answers

In this case, the problem is asking for the balance of a redox reaction in acidic media, in which nickel is reduced to a metallic way and nitrogen oxidized to an ionic way.

Thus, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to balance this equation in acidic solution by firstly setting up the half reactions:

[tex]Ni^{2+}+2e^-\rightarrow Ni^0\\\\N^{3-}H_4^++3H_2O\rightarrow N^{5+}O_3^-+8e^-+10H^+[/tex]

Next, we cross multiply each half-reaction by the other's carried electrons:

[tex]8Ni^{2+}+16e^-\rightarrow 8Ni^0\\\\2N^{3-}H_4^++6H_2O\rightarrow 2N^{5+}O_3^-+16e^-+20H^+[/tex]

Finally, we add them together to obtain:

[tex]8Ni^{2+}+2N^{3-}H_4^++6H_2O\rightarrow 8Ni^0+2N^{5+}O_3^-+20H^+[/tex]

Which can be all simplified by a factor of 2 to obtain:

[tex]4Ni^{2+}+N^{3-}H_4^++3H_2O\rightarrow 4Ni^0+N^{5+}O_3^-+10H^+\\\\4Ni^{2+}(aq)+NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l)\rightarrow 4Ni(s)+NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)[/tex]

Hence, the coefficients in front of Ni and H⁺ are 4 and 10 respectively.

Learn more:

https://brainly.com/question/14965625

A chemical property is a change in _____.

density

physical state

hardness

composition of matter

Answers

Answer:

composition of an element

Other Questions
what structure forms the boundary between the anterior and posterior chambers? What was the primary goal of mine workers strikes? A. to stop poor pay and dangerous working conditions B. to open new land to mining operations C. to reduce regulations on mining practices D. to advocate for more settlement of the territory Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D Mark this and return The Law of Conservation of Energy states that Energy can neither be ____________ nor _____________ but only change from one __________ to another. BaCO3 Draw the Lewis dot structure for BaCO3. Include all nonbonding electrons. Show the formal charges of all atoms. To change the symbol of an atom, double-click on the atom and enter the letter of the new atom help please Do you think Oedipus has a tragic flaw?If so, explain whether you believe it to be anger, excessive pride, or another quality. If you do not think he has a specific tragic flaw, explain your reasoning.In 1-2 paragraphs, defend your position using at least two examples from the text as evidence.please help thank you hiroshi borrowed 3 nonfiction books from the library. This was 25% of the books he checked out. how many books did Hiroshi take out? What is the frequency of light having a wavelength of 4. 50 x 10-6 cm. Sam has 3 more than twice the number of baseball cards that Catherine has. Together Sam and Catherine have 51 baseball cards. How many cards do Sam and Catherine each have? Complete the following statements about Gabrielas day at work with appropriate preterit forms of the verbs. Use each verb only once. estar poder querer tener traducir venir 1) Ayer Gabriela muy ocupada. 2) Una clienta a las diez en punto. 3) La clienta venir anteayer, pero no fue posible. 4) Gabriela unos documentos de espaol a ingls para unos clientes. 5) Gabriela no tiempo libre por la tarde. 6) El novio de Gabriela no preparar la cena; por eso, salieron a cenar. -4x^2+64x+256=0 completing the square Someone plz help me :( As you move toward the center of the earth, what happens to each layer? A band earns $\frac{2}{3}$ of their profit from selling concert tickets and $\frac{1}{5}$ of their profit from selling merchandise. The band earns $1500 from selling concert tickets. How much money does the band earn from selling merchandise? what is the purpose of taking medical examination at the beginning of an exercise program? Simplify 80 4 5 5 16 5 4 16 5 Which of the following correctly describes electromagnetic waves?A. transverse wavesB. Longitudinal wavesC. Have a constant wavelength D. Need a medium to transfer energy Round 0.13171 to the thousandths place (three decimal places). 2^-5 =Can someone please help Find the slope given two points: (-9, -2) and (-5,0) Summarize some of the cultural impacts European colonies and/or trading posts had on local beliefs and practices