Read the excerpt from “Tools of the Spymaster."


The numbers that Major Tallmadge assigned to members of the Culper Ring were from a secret writing system he invented. He substituted digits for words that would be used in messages. "Long Island," for example, was 728, "arms" was 7, and "city" was 88. There was a number for each month, such as 341 for "January." He made four copies of his codes. He kept one and gave the others to Woodhull, Townsend, and General Washington. For words that did not have a number code, Tallmadge gave his agents a cipher. In a cipher, each letter in a message is replaced by another letter or a number.


The author’s purpose in this excerpt is to


teach readers about a code system used during the American Revolution.

persuade readers that ciphers are the greatest American invention.

argue that Major Tallmadge made a mistake in sharing copies of his codes.

compare the American codes for secret letters to the British codes.

Answer:

Explanation:

No. 1

Read the text Joining the Gold Rush.

On February 2, 1848, the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo, a treaty that gave ownership of California to the United States. Unbeknownst to them, James W. Marshall had discovered flakes of gold at Sutter's Mill near Coloma, California just days earlier. Marshall shared the news with John Sutter, the owner of the mill, and the two men decided to keep the discovery a secret. Unfortunately for them, news of the golden flakes spread. Sam Brannan even walked through San Francisco with gold, proving that there was indeed gold for the taking.

When the news reached the East Coast, many American citizens were skeptical. When President James K. Polk shared a report written by Colonel Richard Mason, the military governor of California, the nation learned about the huge amounts of gold available. With this official confirmation, many men decided to sell their possessions, leave their families, and go west. They had gold fever and wanted to strike it rich. Most women did not go west. Instead, they remained at home to take care of businesses and farms. Many American prospectors chose to join the gold rush by sailing around Cape Horn or traveling overland along the Oregon-California Trail.

Sailing Around Cape Horn

a map of the world with ships starting at the East Coast of the United States, traveling around South America, and ending on the West Coast of the Unites States

Many people living on the East Coast chose to sail around the bottom tip of South America, past Cape Horn. Passengers purchased their fare for between 500 and 1000 dollars or more. The trip was long and could take five to seven months. Many passengers suffered from seasickness and boredom. Stormy weather sometimes sank ships. Cape Horn was infamous for its strong currents and unpredictable winds. Despite these dangers, over a third of fortune hunters chose to travel by ocean.

Traveling Along the Oregon—California Trail

a map of the United States showing the Oregon Trail showing pioneers, a covered wagon, and a horse approaching the Rocky Mountains

Those living in America's West chose to travel more than 2,000 miles overland along the Oregon-California Trail. For four to six months, oxen pulled the covered wagons filled with possessions along the bumpy trail. Prospectors walked beside the wagons or rode on horses. Wagons traveled together in groups called wagon trains. At night, the wagons made a circle to provide protection for the animals. Travelers cooked over fires and slept in the wagons or outside under the stars. These adventurers faced a lack of fresh drinking water, which led to outbreaks of cholera and typhoid. The journey to California led prospectors through formidable landscapes, including swift rivers, dusty plains, and dry deserts. Treacherous weather hit adventurers with lightning, hailstorms, and floods. Finally, as Native Americans watched an increasing number of people encroach upon their lands, they began to attack. However, these prospectors persevered and arrived in California.

Regardless of their methods, over 300,000 adventurers joined the gold rush and arrived in California. Their contributions led to the creation of the state and shaped the city of San Francisco, which is built on abandoned gold rush ships.

What were two ways that people reached California during the Gold Rush? Use the maps to find the answers.

how would i start an introduction paragraph for this essay prompt?
Write an essay for your school newspaper arguing whether playing video games significantly affects physical health.

Please help, I beg you (slide screenshot attached)

What is the best order for the sentences in this conclusion paragraph? 1. In conclusion, caring community members should help improve our neighborhood by repairing the playground at the Ridge Road Community Center. 2. Those who are able can donate money to purchase new equipment. Businesses can also donate money or supplies, like mulch and screws. Many people, including kids, can show up to volunteer. 3. When the whole community comes together in this way, everyone benefits O A. 1,3,2 B. 2, 3, 1 O C. 1,2,3 D. 3, 2, 1​

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Why does Suzette's mother miss all the Parent-Teacher Association meetings in "New York Day Women?"
A. She is always at work during the meetings.
B. Suzette is proud of her mother's reading skills.
C. Suzette believes that all education is important.
D. She wants to hide her job from the teachers.

Zora Neale Hurston's brown bag theory said

A. we're all full of junk, but some of us have better junk than others so are worth more.

B. we may look different, but we're mostly the same inside.

C. it's what you look like on the outside that determines what you are like on the inside.

D. you should bring your own bags to the grocery so you don't pollute the ocean.

What are some facts about Joe Louis?​

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How might Italy’s geography have affected the way of life of its early people?

The information in parenthesis at the end of each entry tells you

A. who wrote the book

B. the title of the book

C. the length of the book

D. when the book was published

He was a very shy, quiet man.

This is an example of:



Group of answer choices

A. Direct Characterization
B. Indirect Characterization

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Memories of a Memory

Have you ever witnessed something amazing, shocking or surprising and found when describing the event that your story seems to change the more you tell it? Have you ever experienced a time when you couldn't really describe something you saw in a way that others could understand? If so, you may understand why some experts think eyewitness testimony is unreliable as evidence in scientific inquiries and trials. New insights into human memory suggest human memories are really a mixture of many non-factual things.

First, memory is vague. Imagine your room at home or a classroom you see every day. Most likely, you could describe the room very generally. You could name the color of the walls, the floors, the decorations. But the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. Memory tends to save a blurry image of what we have seen rather than specific details. So when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall when faced with several tall people. There are lots of different kinds of "tall."

Second, memory uses general knowledge to fill in gaps. Our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something. To do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. For example, one day at a library you go to quite frequently, you witness an argument between a library patron and one of the librarians. Later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk rather than the actual participant simply because it is recreating a familiar scene. In effect, your brain is combining memories to help you tell the story.

Third, your memory changes over time. It also changes the more you retell the story. Documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. Research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is. You may have noticed this yourself. The next time you are retelling a story, notice what you add, or what your brain wants to add, to the account. You may also notice that you drop certain details from previous tellings of the story.

With individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. Did you really break your mother's favorite vase when you were three? Was that really your father throwing rocks into the river with you when you were seven? The human brain may be quite remarkable indeed. When it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture.

Part A and Part B below contain one fill-in-the-blank to be used for all three question responses. Your complete response must be in the format A, B, C including the letter choice, commas, and a space after the commas.

Part A:

Which of the following best explains what the title "Memories of a Memory" means"?

Fill in blank 1 using A, B, or C.

Our memories are not as real or factual as we think they are.

Our memories from childhood are not necessarily correct.

Some people have memories that are not based in fact.

Part B

Select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to Part A. Add your selection to blank 1 using F, G, or H.
Our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something.

Later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk.

Research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is

Select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to Part A. Add your selection to blank 1 using I, J, or K.
With individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true.

When it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture.

But the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room.

How do you think the actions of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson changed how African American women were perceived and treated?

The Champagne Fairs were open-air, outdoor markets where merchandise from all over the world was sold.Immersive Reader
(1 Point)

True

False

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Glacier National Park spans one million acres of protected mountains, glaciers, and lakes. It forms part of the Continental Divide. On Triple Divide Peak, the Continental Divide meets the Northern Divide. Here, water can flow to the Atlantic, Pacific, or Arctic Oceans. Fortunately, people have left the park almost unchanged. The different plants, rare and endangered species, and vast water resources of Glacier National Park make its protection a top priority. In 1932, Rotary Clubs from Canada and the United States worked together to protect Glacier National Park and Canada's Waterton Lakes National Park. Combined, the parks form the first international peace park in the world. Glacier is also designated by UNESCO as a biosphere reserve and world heritage site.

Glacier National Park experiences extreme weather changes. Conditions alter as the elevation increases. The warm air of the Pacific Ocean brings precipitation to the western part of the park. In contrast, the Arctic Ocean's cold air makes the northeastern side drier. The air from the Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean can collide on the Continental Divide. A blizzard can develop. As a result, these mountains can have 100 inches of annual snowfall. The clashing winds also contribute to extreme temperature changes. A nearby town holds the world record for temperature change. In 1916, Browning's temperature decreased by 100 degrees Fahrenheit in one day! Glacier National Park is indeed a place of contrasts.

Glacier National Park's unique combination of lush vegetation, endangered wildlife, and splendid natural landscapes attracts diverse people. Scientists research the impact of global warming on the shrinking glaciers. Interested people learn about Native American traditions. Many visitors drive the popular Going-to-the-Sun Road or take a boat tour to experience a land carved by glaciers. Outdoor enthusiasts can bike, hike, horseback ride, fish, snowshoe, cross-country ski, or go white-water rafting. No matter the season, this vast land of majestic mountains and peaceful lakes truly embodies its name, Crown of the Continent.

Select the sentence from the text that gives one reason why Glacier National Park experiences extreme weather changes.

A. As a result, these mountains can have 100 inches of annual snowfall.
B. Glacier National Park is indeed a place of contrasts.
C. In 1916, Browning's temperature decreased by 100 degrees Fahrenheit in one day!
D. The air from the Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean can collide on the Continental Divide.

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Which pair of rhyming words emphasize the THEME of the poem? (“O Captain! My Captain!” Poem)

A. "done" and "won" (lines 1 and 2, stanza 1)

B. "keel" and "vessel" (line 4, stanza 1)

C. "head" and "dead" (lines 14 and 16, stanza 2)

D. A&C

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Read the excerpt from Act I of Julius Caesar.

"Announcer 2: A month later, the night before the ides of March, all of Rome is frightened by a terrible earthquake and storm.

Announcer 1: Weird things have been seen.

Announcer 2: Romans believed that such strange events foretold the death of a ruler like Caesar.

(Thunder roars and lightning flashes as Casca and Cicero enter from different directions.)

Cicero: (Calmly) Good even, Casca. (Casca roughly waves as word as if to protect himself.) Why are you breathless, and why stare you so?

Casca: (Looking about as if he feels an earthquake) Are not you moved, when all the earth shakes? (He points to the sky filled with lightning flashes.) Cicero, never till now did I go through a tempest dropping fire.

Cicero: (Very amused) Why, saw you anything more wonderful?

Casca: (Frightened by unnatural sights) I have not since put up my sword. (He points behind him.) Against the Capitol, I met a lion who glared upon me and went by without annoying me. (He adds more news roughly.) A hundred ghastly women swore they saw men, all in fire, walk up and down the streets.

Cicero: (A little uneasy himself} Indeed, it is a strange­ disposed time. Good night, then, Casca. (He looks up at the storm and shudders.) This disturbed sky is not to walk in. (He exits.)

In this excerpt from Act I of Julius Caeser, Casca reacts to the storm and earthquake.
How does this affect the play?

Option (A). It shows that Casca believes the only way stop the Soothsayer's prediction from coming true is to accept Caesar as king.
Option (B). Casca believes the storm is revenge from the gods on those who wish to prevent Caesar from becoming king.
Option (C). Casca thinks that the storm represents the future destruction to Rome if Caesar becomes king.
Option (D). It shows that the Soothsayer's warning to Caesar of potential danger of the Ides of March could become a reality.

Brainliest if you answer

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The story of “Tuesday of the Other June” is written in first person from June’s perspective. That means that she is the one telling it. Rewrite the ending of the story from Other June’s perspective (through her eyes).

Be sure to include dialogue (characters speaking to each other) and sensory details (touch, taste, smell, sight, sound).

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Who is the audience for this brochure? (Who was the brochure created to persuade?)

The Native American Cinderella shares all of the following with the Western Cinderella, except:

A happy ending
A fairy godmother
Two wicked sisters
A test to see who will marry the “prince”

Which sentence uses quotation marks correctly?
A.
"This is how the cheer goes, girls," Maria said as she began clapping her hands and stomping her feet. 'You jump up and say "Go team! Go!" '
B.
My favorite line from Romeo and Juliet is when Romeo says, "Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night."
C.
I never thought I'd say this, but I really did miss you when you were away at camp, little bro, "Tom said as he ruffled Timmy's hair." "I missed you, too, big bro," Timmy replied. "I missed you too."
D.
"Miss Lewis, the loud speaker roared." "Jennifer Lewis, please report to the principal's office immediately!"

Read this example of a character’s backstory in a myth.

When Rodney was a child, he was smaller than all the other kids his age. He was always left out of sports and games, because the other kids thought he was too small.

The character’s backstory in the example best connects to which theme?

Kindness is more important than beauty.
Greed can destroy relationships with others.
A lie can have serious consequences.
A weakness can be turned into a strength.

Which of the following quotations supports the idea that Charlotte is nervous about climbing the Royal Yard?

"It hadn’t been easy to convince him I was in earnest about becoming one of the crew."
"‘I want to show that I stand with you,’ I pleaded. That I made a mistake.’"
"And yet I had to climb. This was my restitution."
"With halting steps and shallow breath, I approached the rail only to pause when I reached it. I could hear a small inner voice crying, ‘Don’t! Don’t!’"