Read the following ethical case and solve the case based on utilitarianism (consequentialism). You need to argue for your ethical solution based on utilitarianism (consequentialism) (6 Marks). The ethical case: "Sarah was recently promoted to a managerial position at her industrial engineering company. With her new position, she is now responsible for overseeing the company’s production factory, meaning approximately 50 factory workers now report to her. Although Sarah previously worked as an engineer and does not have any experience running a factory, she is excited to begin her new position. At the end of her first day, Sarah is confused to see her factory workers continuing to work well past the end of their 8-hour shift. She then goes to the factory supervisor (who reports to her) to express concern because the factory does not have the budget to pay so many workers overtime. The supervisor smiles at Sarah and explains that the factory meets production goals by making the factory workers work off the clock. The workers are well aware of this expectation and went along with it in order to keep their jobs. Sarah is shocked to learn this illegal practice had become part of the company culture, but the supervisor explains that the company’s CEO (who is Sarah’s boss) is well aware of this expectation. What should Sarah do?.

The preparation of financial reports on the enterprise for use by both internal and external parties is called financial accounting.

What is Financial Accounting? Financial accounting is a method of maintaining, processing, and communicating financial transactions of a company. It provides an overview of a company's financial transactions for a certain time period, usually a year or a quarter.

Financial accounting is primarily concerned with producing financial statements such as an income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. These financial statements are then utilized by a range of internal and external stakeholders, including management, investors, creditors, regulatory authorities, and more, to make informed decisions.

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Financial accounting is the process of preparing financial reports on the enterprise for both internal and external use. It involves recording, summarising, and presenting financial transactions in a standardised format.

The process of preparing financial reports on the enterprise for use by both internal and external parties is known as Financial accounting. This branch of accounting is responsible for tracking a company's financial transactions. Financial accounting utilises standardised guidelines to record, summarise, and present in a financial report or financial statements such as an income statement or a balance sheet, the transactions such as sales, expenses, assets, and liabilities in the day to day operations of the business. These reports are important and are used by both internal parties like managers and employees, and external parties like investors, regulators, and tax authorities.

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Sales Tax Payable is credited for the sales tax amount of $160.

To record the cash sales of Manama Trading with an additional 2% sales tax, the journal entry would be as follows:

Date: [Date of the transaction]

Account Debit CreditCash $8,000

Sales Revenue $7,840

Sales Tax Payable $160

Cash is debited for the total amount of cash sales, which is $8,000.

Sales Revenue is credited for the sales amount net of the sales tax.

Since the sales tax is 2% of the sales amount, the sales revenue is $8,000 - $160 = $7,840.

Sales Tax Payable is credited for the sales tax amount of $160.

This account represents the liability owed to the tax authority.

It's important to note that the sales tax is recorded as a liability (Sales Tax Payable) rather than including it in the Sales Revenue account. This allows for the proper tracking and reporting of the sales tax separately from the revenue generated from sales.

Please note that the specific account names and amounts used in the journal entry may vary based on the company's chart of accounts and accounting practices. It is recommended to consult with an accountant or follow your company's specific guidelines when recording journal entries.

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Deflation is a reduction in the rate of inflation. Option D is the correct answer.

An economy experiences deflation, also known as negative inflation, when prices usually decline. The reason for this may be that there are more items available than there are consumers who want them, but it may also be related to an increase in the purchasing power of money. Option D is the correct answer.

A decline in the amount of money or instruments of finance redeemable for money is the only thing that can bring about monetary deflation. Central banks, like the Federal Reserve, have the largest effect on the money supply today. Because they can buy substantially more with a dollar in the future than they can now, deflation encourages individuals to hoard money; this has negative feedback loops that might trigger an economic crisis.

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The complete question is, "deflation is:

A. an increase in prices.

B. an increase in the rate of inflation.

C. a decrease in prices, that is, a negative inflation rate.

D. a reduction in the rate of inflation."

One reason the acquiring company might have decided to apply the equity method in accounting for the combination is that operating results on the parent's financial records reflect consolidated totals.

The equity method is a method of accounting for investments in subsidiaries or associates where the acquiring company recognizes its share of the investee's earnings or losses in its financial statements. This method is commonly used when the acquiring company has significant influence over the investee but does not have control.

By applying the equity method, the acquiring company includes its share of the investee's operating results in its financial records. This allows the acquiring company to reflect consolidated totals, providing a more comprehensive view of the combined financial performance of the acquiring company and the acquired company. This information is valuable for internal reporting and decision-making purposes.

While the other options provided do not accurately describe the reasons for using the equity method, it is worth noting that the equity method is a generally accepted accounting principle for accounting for investments in associates or subsidiaries. It provides a more accurate representation of the acquiring company's economic interest in the investee. However, the primary reason for choosing the equity method in this scenario is that it allows the acquiring company's financial records to reflect consolidated totals, providing a comprehensive view of the combined operating results.

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Once you are done selecting the transaction type, you need to enter the rest of the required information for the rule and click Save.

Three transaction types you can assign in a rule for money-out transactions are Check, Expense, and Journal Entry.

To assign transaction types for money-out transactions, follow the steps given below:

Go to the Gear icon > Rules > New rule > Money out.

Next, you will need to complete the 'When this happens' section. This section involves the following: Conditions: Choose the condition that defines when the rule is applicable. Action: Choose the action that is required when the rule is enforced. In this case, the action is selecting the transaction type under the drop-down list. Here, select the transaction type based on the condition you have chosen. The available options are as follows:

Check Expense Journal Entry Refund Receipt Transfer Credit Memo Purchase Order

Once you are done selecting the transaction type, you need to enter the rest of the required information for the rule and click Save.

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The U.S. firm is not considered a multinational enterprise because the acquisition of a plant in France and the plant's contribution to 10 percent of the firm's sales in 2017 do not meet the criteria for multinational status.

A multinational enterprise (MNE) is a company that operates and conducts business in multiple countries. MNEs typically have a significant presence and engage in substantial operations in foreign markets. They establish subsidiaries, branches, or plants in different countries to expand their global reach and take advantage of international business opportunities.

In the given scenario, although the U.S. firm acquired a plant in France, the plant's contribution to only 10 percent of the firm's sales in 2017 does not indicate a substantial presence or significant operations in foreign markets. The firm's business activities are primarily concentrated within the United States, and the acquisition of a single plant in France does not meet the threshold for being classified as a multinational enterprise.

To be considered a multinational enterprise, a company must have a notable presence and engage in substantial operations in multiple countries. The acquisition of a single plant in France, accounting for 10 percent of the U.S. firm's sales, does not meet the criteria for multinational status. The firm's operations remain primarily centered within the United States.

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The correct entry to record a tool purchase of $500, considering the company policy that tools with a purchase price greater than $1,000 are capitalized, would be: (C) Debit fixed asset $500, credit cash $500.

This entry reflects the capitalization of the tool as a fixed asset since its purchase price is below the threshold of $1,000. The debit to the fixed asset account increases the value of the fixed asset, and the credit to the cash account reflects the cash outflow from the company for the tool purchase.

Cash outflow refers to the movement of cash or cash equivalents out of a business or individual's account or possession. It represents the payment or expenditure of money, typically for goods, services, investments, or other financial obligations. Cash outflows can occur through various means such as cash payments, checks, electronic transfers, or other forms of monetary transactions

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The factors that impact industry sensitivity to the business cycle are financial leverage, the sensitivity of sales, and operating leverage. Therefore, the correct answer is option F, which includes all three factors.

Financial leverage refers to the extent to which a company uses debt to finance its operations. Companies with high financial leverage are more sensitive to changes in the business cycle because they have higher interest expenses and debt obligations that can become challenging to meet during economic downturns.

The sensitivity of sales is another factor that affects industry sensitivity to the business cycle. Industries that experience significant fluctuations in demand during different phases of the business cycle are more sensitive to economic conditions. For example, luxury goods industries may experience a decline in sales during economic recessions as consumers cut back on discretionary spending.

Operating leverage measures the fixed costs versus variable costs in a company's cost structure. Industries with high operating leverage have a higher proportion of fixed costs, such as rent, salaries, and utilities. These industries are more sensitive to changes in sales volume, as the fixed costs remain constant regardless of the level of production or sales. Therefore, during economic downturns when sales decline, industries with high operating leverage may experience a significant impact on profitability.

In summary, all three factors - financial leverage, the sensitivity of sales, and operating leverage - impact industry sensitivity to the business cycle. These factors determine how industries respond to changes in economic conditions and their ability to withstand and adapt to fluctuations in the business cycle.

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The income tax payable for a resident minor with a taxable income of $23,000 in 2020/21 is $912.

For the 2020/21 income year, the tax rates for Australian residents are as follows:

0% on the first $18,200 of taxable income

19% on taxable income between $18,201 and $45,000

Plus a 32.5% marginal tax rate on taxable income between $45,001 and $120,000

As a resident minor with a taxable income of $23,000, we need to calculate the income tax payable based on the tax rates mentioned above.

First, let's determine the taxable income that falls within the 19% tax bracket:

Taxable income in the 19% bracket = $23,000 - $18,200 = $4,800

Now, we calculate the income tax payable for each portion of the taxable income:

Tax payable on income in the 19% bracket = 19% of $4,800 = $912

Since the entire taxable income of $23,000 falls within the 19% tax bracket, the income tax payable is $912.

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In the given scenario, Dr. Smith wants to know how he can earn more at the same time improve and extend his services to his entire patient.

He gave a task to his employee (secretary), who happened to be a business administration graduate, to provide statistics of all his clients for the last three months of operation without an increase in Consultation Fee and the statistics for the last 3 months when the new Consultation Fee was in effect. To analyze the problem, apply the formula of price elasticity, and make decisions and recommendations based on the result of the computation.Let's start analyzing the problem.

If the demand is elastic, then Dr. Smith should consider reducing the consultation fee to increase the number of patients. On the other hand, if the demand is inelastic, then Dr. Smith can consider increasing the consultation fee without losing a significant number of patients. Dr. Smith can also extend his services to his entire patient to increase revenue.

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The growth rate assumption closest to 10% is 8% (option C). This means that if we assume the future growth of dividends for American Container will be equivalent to the recent historical growth. Option C

To determine the growth rate assumption closest to 10%, we can calculate the average annual growth rate of dividends over the past 5-year period for American Container.

Using the formula for compound annual growth rate (CAGR), we have:

CAGR = (Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years) - 1

Where:

Ending Value = $5.08 per share

Beginning Value = $3.15 per share

Number of Years = 5

Plugging in the values, we get:

CAGR = ($5.08 / $3.15)^(1 / 5) - 1

= 1.614^(1 / 5) - 1

= 0.109 - 1

= 0.089 or 8.9%

Therefore, the growth rate assumption closest to 10% is 8% (option C). This means that if we assume the future growth of dividends for American Container will be equivalent to the recent historical growth, we can use a growth rate assumption of 8% in the constant growth model.

It's important to note that the 8% growth rate assumption is not exactly 10%, but it is the closest option provided among the choices. It's always recommended to use the most accurate and reliable data available when making investment decisions, and historical growth rates may not necessarily predict future growth with absolute certainty.

Conducting further analysis and considering additional factors can provide a more comprehensive valuation of American Container stock. Option C

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When User documentation is part of the definition of done in a Scrum team, there are a few possible approaches to deal with the situation:

A. Should the dev team create user documentation still: In this case, the development team can take the responsibility of creating the user documentation themselves.

B. Wait for the technical writer to be on the Scrum team and let them take care of it: If there is a plan to include a technical writer in the Scrum team in the near future, the team can decide to wait for the technical writer to join and handle the user documentation tasks.

C. Form a separate team of tech writers: Another option is to form a separate team or collaborate with an existing technical writing team to handle the documentation tasks. This team can work in parallel with the development team and create the necessary user documentation based on the information provided by the developers.

D. Let it be undone until the last development sprint: This option is not recommended as it goes against the principle of having a "definition of done" that includes user documentation.

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The correct answer is option B, "Balance sheet in the current assets section." The amount a company expects to collect from customers appears on the Balance sheet in the current assets section.

The Balance sheet depicts the assets, liabilities, and shareholder's equity of the company at a given point in time. The income statement indicates the company's revenues and expenses over a specific time, which results in the net profit or loss of the company.Stockholders' equity is the net assets or book value of a company, which is a combination of all assets less all liabilities. The balance sheet's stockholders' equity section contains the company's capital, reserves, and profits from previous years. Expenses are listed on the income statement's debit side.

The amount a company expects to collect from customers, also known as accounts receivables, is a current asset that appears on the balance sheet under the current assets section. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, "Balance sheet in the current assets section."

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Answer: open area

Explanation:

The stockholders' equity section of Corporation's balance sheet as of December 31 would be:

Stockholders' Equity:

Common Stock: $14,400

Preferred Stock: $18,000

Treasury Stock: -$22,320

Retained Earnings: $51,000

Total Stockholders' Equity: $61,080

To prepare the stockholders' equity section of Corporation's balance sheet as of December 31, we need to consider the given transactions. Here's how the stockholders' equity section would look:

Common Stock:

Authorized: 20,000 shares

Issued: 7,200 shares x $2 par value = $14,400

Preferred Stock:

Authorized: 3,000 shares

Issued: 1,800 shares x $10 par value = $18,000

Treasury Stock:

Reacquired: 360 shares x $62 = $22,320

Retained Earnings:

Net Income: $82,000

Cash Dividends: -$31,000

Retained Earnings: $82,000 - $31,000 = $51,000

Total Stockholders' Equity:

Common Stock: $14,400

Preferred Stock: $18,000

Treasury Stock: -$22,320

Retained Earnings: $51,000

Total Stockholders' Equity = $14,400 + $18,000 - $22,320 + $51,000 = $61,080

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The statement that "The two goals of macroeconomic management are to control unemployment and inflation" is true.

Macroeconomic management is the process of monitoring and manipulating various economic indicators to achieve specific policy goals. These goals are typically designed to achieve the optimal level of economic performance, including high levels of employment, stable prices, and sustainable economic growth. As such, macroeconomic management is essential to maintaining a stable and prosperous economy. In order to achieve these goals, macroeconomic policymakers typically focus on two primary areas of concern: unemployment and inflation. Unemployment is a major concern for macroeconomic policymakers because it represents a waste of valuable resources and can lead to social and economic instability. Inflation, on the other hand, can lead to a decrease in the purchasing power of consumers and can cause significant economic disruptions. The goal of macroeconomic management is therefore to balance the need for economic growth with the need for stability and sustainability. By monitoring and manipulating key economic indicators such as GDP, interest rates, and the money supply, policymakers can help to ensure that the economy remains on a stable and sustainable path while also promoting the growth and prosperity of individuals and businesses.

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CBRE earned a $800,000 ($1,420,000 – $620,000) gain on the sale of the bonds.In its 2021 income statement, CBRE would report a gain of $800,000 ($80 × 10,000 bonds).

CBRE Group is a leading commercial real estate services and investment firm headquartered in Los Angeles, California. CBRE Group purchased 10,000 Dover Corporation bonds in 2018 for $62 per bond and classified the investment as securities available-for-sale. The value of the Dover investment was $73 per bond on December 31, 2019, and $106 per bond on December 31, 2020. During 2021, CBRE sold all of its Dover investment at $142 per bond. In its 2021 income statement, CBRE would report a gain of $800,000 ($80 × 10,000 bonds).The investment is classified as a securities available-for-sale, indicating that any changes in the fair value of the investment over the holding period would be reflected in other comprehensive income. The $11 increase in fair value for each bond between 2018 and 2019 resulted in a $110,000 ($11 × 10,000 bonds) increase in other comprehensive income, and the $33 increase in fair value for each bond between 2019 and 2020 resulted in a $330,000 ($33 × 10,000 bonds) increase in other comprehensive income.During 2021, CBRE sold all of its Dover investment at $142 per bond. The total proceeds from the sale of all 10,000 bonds were $1,420,000 ($142 × 10,000 bonds). CBRE paid $620,000 ($62 × 10,000 bonds) to acquire the bonds. As a result, CBRE earned a $800,000 ($1,420,000 – $620,000) gain on the sale of the bonds.In its 2021 income statement, CBRE would report a gain of $800,000 ($80 × 10,000 bonds).

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The monopolist's sales quantity increases by 2 units when it lowers the price from $15 to $14.

Assuming that the monopolist has no fixed costs, we can calculate its revenue using the following formula:

Revenue = Price x Quantity

Initially, the monopolist sells 6 units of its product per day at a price of $15 per unit, so its total revenue is:

$15 x 6 = $90

When it lowers the price to $14, its total revenue increases by $22. We can use this information to set up an equation and solve for the new quantity sold.

New revenue = Old revenue + $22 New price x New quantity = Old price x Old quantity + $22

Substituting the given values gives:

$14 x New quantity = $15 x 6 + $22 $14 x New quantity = $112 New quantity = 8

Therefore, the monopolist's sales quantity increases by 2 units when it lowers the price from $15 to $14. This increase in quantity sold could be due to several factors such as increased demand for the product at a lower price, attracting new customers who were previously not willing to buy the product, or stealing customers away from competitors who sell a similar product. Nonetheless, the increase in quantity sold has a positive impact on the monopolist's revenue, as the additional revenue from selling two extra units of product exceeds the revenue lost from decreasing the price of each unit.

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It will take approximately 364.1 years to pay off the loan.

To determine the number of years it will take to pay off the loan, we can use the formula for the number of periods in an annuity:

n = -log(1 - (PV * r) / PMT) / log(1 + r)

Where:

PV = Present value of the loan ($48,000)

r = Monthly interest rate (annual rate divided by 12 and converted to a decimal)

PMT = Monthly payment amount ($750)

Let's calculate the number of years (n):

First, we need to calculate the monthly interest rate:

Monthly interest rate = (1 + Annual interest rate)^(1/12) - 1

r = (1 + 0.09)^(1/12) - 1

r ≈ 0.007305

Now, plug in the values into the formula:

n = -log(1 - (48000 * 0.007305) / 750) / log(1 + 0.007305)

n ≈ -log(1 - 350.04 / 750) / log(1.007305)

n ≈ -log(0.5334) / log(1.007305)

n ≈ -(-0.6262) / 0.001718

n ≈ 0.6262 / 0.001718

n ≈ 364.1125

Rounding to one decimal place, the number of years it takes to pay off the loan is approximately **364.1 years**.

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Based on the given information, the total dividend per share that a common stockholder would receive is $[tex]1.67[/tex].

The calculation for the total amount of dividend per share that a common stockholder would receive is as follows:

In conclusion, based on the provided details, the dividend per share for common stockholders is determined to be $[tex]1.67[/tex].

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(a) The reserve-deposit ratio and Currency-deposit ratio is 0.1 and 1.1 (b)the money multiplier is 10. (c)the money supply decreases by $35,000.(d) there will be no impact on real GDP growth (e) the inflation rate is 1%, and the nominal interest rate is 2%.

(a) Reserve-deposit ratio: The reserve-deposit ratio is calculated as a ratio of bank reserves to bank deposits.

Reserve-deposit ratio = Bank Reserves / Bank Deposits= $500 / $5,000= 0.1

Currency-deposit ratio : The currency-deposit ratio is the amount of currency per unit of bank deposits.

Currency-deposit ratio = Currency / Bank Deposits= ($10,500 - $5,000) / $5,000= 1.1

(b) Money multiplier : Money multiplier = 1 / Reserve-deposit ratio= 1 / 0.1= 10

Therefore, the money multiplier is 10.

(c) Change in money supply : The money multiplier remains constant; thus, we can use the equation below to calculate the change in money supply.

Change in Money Supply = Change in Monetary Base x Money Multiplier

Change in Money Supply = ($7,000 - $10,500) x 10= -$35,000

Therefore, the money supply decreases by $35,000.

(d) Effect of improved confidence in the banking system. If people hold half of their money as currency and half as deposits, the currency-deposit ratio will increase.The monetary base will remain the same, but the money supply will decrease as banks hold higher reserves because the reserve-deposit ratio increases.

(e) Impact of growth in the money supply on real GDP growth. According to the classical model, there will be no impact on real GDP growth because an increase in the money supply will lead to an increase in prices, causing inflation and nominal interest rates.

Inflation rate = Money Supply Growth Rate - Real GDP Growth Rate= 5% - 4%= 1%

Nominal Interest Rate = Real Interest Rate + Inflation Rate= 1% + 1%= 2%

Therefore, the inflation rate is 1%, and the nominal interest rate is 2%.

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If Stacey's used the cash basis of accounting, net income would be calculated by subtracting total expenses paid in cash from total revenue received in cash during a specific period.

The cash basis of accounting recognizes revenue and expenses only when cash is received or paid. It does not consider accounts receivable or accounts payable. Net income is determined by subtracting total expenses paid in cash from total revenue received in cash during a given period. This method provides a more immediate and accurate picture of the company's cash flow but may not reflect the overall financial performance since it disregards non-cash transactions. It is commonly used by small businesses or individuals with simple financial transactions and limited reporting requirements.

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The given problem deals with inventory and revenue figures of XYZ company. The inventory of XYZ Company on November 30, 2020, shows 1200 units at 6 € per unit. Revenue from sales for December totals € 64,000 (= 3,200 units at € 20 per unit).

The following purchases were made during December 2020: Dec. 10: 1,100 units at 12 € per unit Dec. 18 1,000 units at 7 € per unit Dec 23 900 units at 6 € per unit Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)The total number of units available for sale for the month of December was 1200 + 1100 + 1000 + 900 = 4200. To calculate the cost of goods sold using the Weighted Average method, we need to calculate the average cost per unit. This can be done by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total number of units available for sale. The cost of goods available for sale is calculated as follows: Cost of goods available for sale = (1200 × 6) + (1100 × 12) + (1000 × 7) + (900 × 6) = €31,800.

The total number of units available for sale is 4200. So, the average cost per unit = €31,800 ÷ 4200 = €7.57Now, the Cost of Goods Sold can be calculated as follows: COGS = 3200 × €7.57 = €24,224Inventory Cost. As we have already calculated the COGS, now we can calculate the inventory cost. Inventory cost = Cost of goods available for sale – COGS = €31,800 - €24,224 = €7576Gross Profit To calculate the gross profit, we need to subtract the cost of goods sold from the revenue. Gross profit = Revenue – Cost of goods sold = €64,000 – €24,224 = €39,776. Hence, the cost of goods sold using the Weighted average method is €24,224 and the inventory cost as of December 31, 2020, is €7576. The gross profit for December 2020 is €39,776.

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Downturns or recessions are the economic slumps that are relatively minor and short lived.

Here are few examples of slumps that are relatively minor and short lived-

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Mickey Mouse Co.'s transactions on December 31, 2007, is given below: Accounts Payable 3,500   Insurance Expense 1,300 Accounts Receivable 1,800 Land 4,000 Cash 2,000  Store Supplies 700 Equipment 6,400 Unearned Rent 1,200.

Fees Earned6,000Wages Expense1,500We can use the accounting equation to determine the additional investments that the owner made in the business during 2007.The accounting equation is:Assets = Liabilities + Owner's EquityWe know that the dividends paid during 2007 is $1,400, and the owner's equity as of December 31, 2006, was $6,700.Now, the owner's equity for December 31, 2007 can be calculated:Owner's Equity = Owner's Equity as of December 31, 2006 + Net Income/Loss – Dividends paid Owner's Equity = $6,700 + Net Income/Loss – $1,400We need to find the Net Income/Loss to calculate the owner's equity as of December 31, 2007.

To calculate the Net Income/Loss, we need to find out the total revenue and total expenses.Total Revenue = Fees EarnedTotal Expenses = Insurance Expense + Wages Expense + Unearned Rent + Accounts Payable + Store Supplies + Depreciation expenseWe need to add the depreciation expense as it is a non-cash expense.Net Income/Loss = Total Revenue – Total ExpensesNet Income/Loss = $6,000 - $8,200Net Income/Loss = -$2,200Now, we can calculate the owner's equity as of December 31, 2007.Owner's Equity = $6,700 - $2,200 - $1,400Owner's Equity = $3,100Now, we can find the additional investments made by the owner in 2007.Additional investments = Owner's Equity as of December 31, 2007 - Owner's Equity as of December 31, 2006 - Dividends paidAdditional investments = $3,100 - $6,700 - $1,400Additional investments = -$4,000Thus, the owner did not make any additional investments in the business during 2007. Answer: $0.

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The present value of the cash flows if the appropriate discount rate is 10 percent is $36,321.29. So the right option is $36,321.29.

The present value of the cash flows is the sum of the present values of all the four cash flows given to us. The formula for calculating the present value of the cash flows is:

PV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + CF3 / (1 + r)^3 + CF4 / (1 + r)^4Where:PV = Present ValueCF1, CF2, CF3, and CF4 are the cash flows for periods 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.r = appropriate discount rate

We are given that: Blossom, Inc., is expecting cash inflows of $13,000, $10,500, $12,200, and $9,750 over the next four years.The appropriate discount rate is 10%.

Substituting the given values into the formula, we get: PV = $13,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 + $10,500 / (1 + 0.10)^2 + $12,200 / (1 + 0.10)^3 + $9,750 / (1 + 0.10)^4PV = $11,818.18 + $8,677.69 + $9,047.22 + $6,778.20PV = $36,321.29

Therefore, the present value of these cash flows if the appropriate discount rate is 10 percent is $36,321.29.

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The depreciation expense for 2015 using the sum-of-the-years-digits method is approximately $60,000.

To calculate the depreciation expense for 2015 using the sum-of-the-years-digits method, we first need to determine the total number of years of the asset's life and calculate the sum of the digits.

The total number of years of the asset's life is 6 years. To calculate the sum of the digits, we add the digits from 1 to 6: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21.

Next, we need to determine the depreciation expense for each year. For 2015, we will calculate the expense based on the remaining years of the asset's life.

The remaining years of the asset's life in 2015 is 6 - 0 = 6 years.

To calculate the depreciation expense for 2015, we use the formula:

Depreciation expense = (Remaining years / Sum of the digits) * (Cost - Salvage value)

Depreciation expense for 2015 = (6 / 21) * ($240,000 - $30,000)

Depreciation expense for 2015 = (6 / 21) * $210,000

Depreciation expense for 2015 ≈ $60,000

Therefore, the depreciation expense for 2015, calculated using the sum-of-the-years-digits method, amounts to around $60,000.

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(1) Pure strategy Nash equilibria are (D, L) and (U, R).

(2) To find mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, let player 1 choose U with probability p and D with probability 1 - p, and player 2 choose L with probability q and R with probability 1 - q.

To have equal expected payoffs, (U, L) must have the same expected payoff as (D, R) and (U, R) must have the same expected payoff as (D, L). This leads to the equations 2p - 3q + 2 = 0 and 3p - 2q + 1 = 0.

Solving these equations gives p = 7/13 and q = 3/13.

Therefore, the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium is for player 1 to choose U with probability 7/13 and D with probability 6/13, and for player 2 to choose L with probability 3/13 and R with probability 10/13.

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The NPV that Energy Solutions Corporation would compute for project A is 7715.67Explanation:The first step is to find the discount factor, D (6.18%) and the present value of the expected cash inflow:Year 0 - Invest $74,200.00Year 1 - Receive $96700 x (1 + 6.18%) = $102786.06Year 2 - Receive $96700 x (1 + 6.18%)² = $109046.51

Then, the sum of the present value of the expected cash inflow is $211,832.57, as follows:PV of cash inflow = ($102786.06 / 1.0618¹) + ($109046.51 / 1.0618²) = $197,116.90The NPV is obtained by subtracting the investment of $74,200 from the PV of cash inflow:NPV = $197,116.90 - $74,200 = $122,916.90

However, the problem asks for the NPV that Energy Solutions Corporation would compute. Since they have a different cost of capital, we have to recalculate the NPV using the Energy Solutions Corporation discount factor of 6.18%.D = 1 / (1 + 6.18%)² = 0.8740PV = $102786.06 x 0.8771 + $109046.51 x 0.8740 = $186,401.50NPV = $186,401.50 - $74,200 = $112,201.50Note that the NPV for Energy Solutions Corporation is lower than the NPV for Barnyard, because the project's IRR (8.65%) is below the cost of capital for both companies.

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Commodore Entertainment, a thriving amusement corporation, operates in 4 wonderful commercial enterprise segments: Media Networks, Parks and Resorts, Studio Entertainment, and Consumer Products. A nearer examination of their monetary performance exhibits exciting insights into their profitability.

Overall, this analysis highlights the significance of comparing business segments personally to recognize their specific contributions to an enterprise's financial overall performance.

A. Using the DuPont method, we will calculate the earnings margin, and investment turnover, and go back on funding (ROI) for each of the 4 sectors of Commodore Entertainment.

Profit Margin = Income from Operations / Revenue * a hundred

Investment Turnover = Revenue / Invested Assets

ROI = Profit Margin * Investment Turnover

Calculating the values:

Media Networks:

Profit Margin = $134,992 / $690,300 * 100 ≈ 19.6%

Investment Turnover = $690,300 / $767,000 ≈ 0.90

ROI = 19.6% * 0.90 ≈ 17.6%

Parks and Resorts:

Profit Margin = $74,12/ $524,000 * a hundred ≈ 14.1%

Investment Turnover = $524,000 / $655,000 ≈ zero.80

ROI = 14.1% * 0.80 ≈ 11.3%

Studio Entertainment:

Profit Margin = $11,542 / $278,600* 100 ≈ 4.1%

Investment Turnover = $278,600 / $398,000 ≈ 0.70

ROI = 4.1% * 0.70 ≈ 2.9%

Consumer Products:

Profit Margin = $118,016 / $460,800 * 100 ≈ 25.6%

Investment Turnover = $460,800 / $256,000 ≈ 1.80

ROI = 25.6% * 1.80 ≈ 46.1%

b. Comparing the sectors in terms of earnings margin, investment turnover, and return on funding:

Profit Margin:

Consumer Products have the very best income margin of about 25.6%.

Studio Entertainment has a bottom profit margin of approximately 4.1%.

Investment Turnover:

Consumer Products has the highest funding turnover of about 1.80.

Media Networks have the bottom investment turnover of about 0.90.

Return on Investment (ROI):

Consumer Products have the highest go-back on investment of approximately 46.1%.

Studio Entertainment has the bottom go-back on investment of approximately 2.9%.

Overall, Consumer Products stand out with the highest earnings margin, maximum investment turnover, and maximum go-back on investment. Studio Entertainment has the lowest values for all three metrics, indicating it is the least profitable segment.

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The correct question is:

"Commodore Entertainment has four profitable business segments, described as follows:

• Media Networks: Television and radio

• Parks and Resorts: Resorts, including Commodore land

• Studio Entertainment: Motion pictures, musical recordings, and stage plays

• Consumer Products: Character merchandising, Commodore stores, books, and magazines

Commodore Entertainment recently reported sector income from operations, revenue, and invested assets as follows:

Income from Operations

Revenue Invested

Assets

Media Networks $134,992  $690,300  $767,000

Parks and Resorts 74,015  524,000  655,000

Studio Entertainment 11,542  278,600  398,000

Consumer Products 118,016  460,800  256,000

a. Use the expanded expression of return on investment determined by multiplying the profit margin by the investment turnover.DuPont formula to determine the return on investment for the four Commodore Entertainment sectors. Round Profit Margin and ROI to one decimal place and Investment Turnover to two decimal places.

Profit Margin Investment Turnover ROI

Media Networks %  %

Parks and Resorts %  %

Studio Entertainment %  %

Consumer Products %  %

b. How do the four sectors differ in their profit margin, investment turnover, and return on investment?

Media Networks

Studio Entertainment

Parks and Resorts

Consumer Products

has the highest profit margin, while < >Media Networks

Studio Entertainment

Parks and Resorts

Consumer Products

has the lowest profit margin. < >Media Networks

Studio Entertainment

Parks and Resorts

Consumer Products

has the highest return on investment, while < >Media Networks

Studio Entertainment

Parks and Resorts

Consumer Products

has the lowest return on investment."