Simon will make approximately $1,515 more in total payments under the $20-a-month plan compared to the $65-a-month plan.
How to solve for the amount to be madeTo calculate the number of months it will take for Simon to pay off the credit card, we can use the formula for the number of months to pay off a loan:
Number of months = - (log(1 - r * P / A) / log(1 + r))
Where:
r = monthly interest rate (12% nominal interest rate / 12 months = 1% or 0.01)
P = principal amount ($790)
A = monthly payment
1) Minimum monthly payment of $20:
Number of months = - (log(1 - 0.01 * 790 / 20) / log(1 + 0.01))
Number of months ≈ 118 months
Therefore, it will take Simon approximately 118 months to pay off the credit card by making the minimum monthly payment of $20.
2) Monthly payment of $65:
Number of months = - (log(1 - 0.01 * 790 / 65) / log(1 + 0.01))
Number of months ≈ 13 months
Therefore, it will take Simon approximately 13 months to pay off the debt by making monthly payments of $65.
3) Total payments under the $20-a-month plan:
Total payments = Number of months * Monthly payment
Total payments = 118 * $20
Total payments = $2,360
Total payments under the $65-a-month plan:
Total payments = Number of months * Monthly payment
Total payments = 13 * $65
Total payments = $845
Difference in total payments = Total payments under the $20-a-month plan - Total payments under the $65-a-month plan
Difference in total payments = $2,360 - $845
Difference in total payments ≈ $1,515
Therefore, Simon will make approximately $1,515 more in total payments under the $20-a-month plan compared to the $65-a-month plan.
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4.2. if your credit card calculates interest based on 13.90 APR, compounded monthly,
(A) What are you monthly interest rate and annual effective interest rate ?
(B) if your current outstanding balance is 3,000 and you skip payments for two months, what would be the total balance two months from now?
Please give the full details
A. The monthly interest rate is approximately 1.1583% and the annual effective interest rate is approximately 14.97%.
B. The total balance two months from now would be approximately $3,069.50.
(A) To calculate the monthly interest rate, we divide the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) by 12 (number of months in a year):
Monthly interest rate = 13.90% / 12 = 1.1583%
In this case, the interest is compounded monthly, so we can use the following formula:
Annual effective interest rate = (1 + Monthly interest rate)^12 - 1
Plugging in the values:
Annual effective interest rate = (1 + 1.1583%)^12 - 1 ≈ 14.97%
(B) If you skip payments for two months and your current outstanding balance is $3,000, the interest will still accumulate during those two months.
Interest for two months = $3,000 * 1.1583% * 2 = $69.50
So, the interest accrued during the two months is approximately $69.50. Adding this interest to the outstanding balance:
Total balance two months from now = $3,000 + $69.50 = $3,069.50
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Discussion on Crimes 10 pts As a business manager, which crimes would you have the most ability to prevent? What are the crimes that you are most concerned with and what types of policy can you set to
As a business manager, you can have a significant influence in preventing several types of crimes in your organization. The most common crimes that you can prevent include theft, fraud, embezzlement, money laundering, cybercrime, and workplace violence.
These crimes can result in significant financial losses, tarnish your organization's reputation, and even lead to legal consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to implement policies to prevent them.Theft and fraud are the most common crimes that managers face in the workplace. You can prevent theft by controlling access to sensitive areas, having a secure entrance and exit points, and limiting the use of company assets.
any irregular transactions. Money laundering is another serious crime that can lead to severe legal consequences. Managers can prevent it by establishing strict financial controls and monitoring financial transactions.Cybercrime is a growing concern in the workplace. Managers can prevent it by providing employees with training on cyber safety practices, establishing secure systems, and monitoring systems to detect potential attacks.
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TB Problem Qu. 8-231 Brockney Inc. bases its manufacturing ... Brockney Inc. bases its manufacturing overhead budget on budgeted direct labor-hours. The variable overhead rate is $1.80 per direct labor-hour. The company's budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead is $96,570 per month, which includes depreciation of $19,860. All other fixed manufacturing overhead costs represent current cash flows. The July direct labor budget indicates that 8,700 direct labor- hours will be required in that month. Required: 1. Determine the cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead for July 2. Determine the predetermined overhead rate for July (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) 1. Cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead 2. Predetermined overhead rate
1. Cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead for JulyThe variable overhead rate is $1.80 per direct labor-hour. The budgeted direct labor-hours for July is 8,700 hours.Variable Manufacturing Overhead Costs for July: $1.80 per direct labor-hour × 8,700 direct labor-hours = $15,660Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Costs for July: $96,570 (Given)Less Depreciation for July: $19,860 (Given)Variable Manufacturing Overhead Costs: $15,660Total Cash Disbursements for Manufacturing Overhead for July: $92,3702. Predetermined overhead rate for JulyThe predetermined overhead rate for July is calculated as follows:Predetermined overhead rate = Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead Costs / Budgeted Direct Labor-hoursBudgeted Manufacturing Overhead Costs = Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Costs + Variable Manufacturing Overhead CostsBudgeted Manufacturing Overhead Costs = $96,570 + $15,660 = $112,230Predetermined overhead rate = $112,230 / 8,700 direct labor-hoursPredetermined overhead rate for July: $12.89 (rounded to 2 decimal places)Therefore, the cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead for July are $92,370 and the predetermined overhead rate for July is $12.89 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
Mauro Products distributes a single product, a woven basket whose selling price is $22 per unit and whose variable expense is $18 per unit. The company’s monthly fixed expense is $10,800.
Required:
1. Calculate the company’s break-even point in unit sales.
2. Calculate the company’s break-even point in dollar sales. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
3. If the company's fixed expenses increase by $600, what would become the new break-even point in unit sales? In dollar sales? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
The new break-even point in unit sales is 2,850 units, and the new break-even point in dollar sales is $62,700.
To calculate the break-even point in unit sales, we need to determine the number of units the company needs to sell to cover its fixed expenses and variable expenses.
Break-even point in unit sales:
Fixed expenses = $10,800
Variable expense per unit = $18
Break-even point (in units) = Fixed expenses / Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable expense per unit
Contribution margin per unit = $22 - $18 = $4
Break-even point (in units) = $10,800 / $4 = 2,700 units
Therefore, the break-even point in unit sales is 2,700 units.
Break-even point in dollar sales:
Break-even point (in dollars) = Break-even point (in units) × Selling price per unit
Break-even point (in dollars) = 2,700 units × $22 = $59,400
Therefore, the break-even point in dollar sales is $59,400.
If the company's fixed expenses increase by $600, the new break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales can be calculated as follows:
New fixed expenses = $10,800 + $600 = $11,400
New break-even point (in units) = New fixed expenses / Contribution margin per unit
New break-even point (in units) = $11,400 / $4 = 2,850 units
New break-even point (in dollars) = New break-even point (in units) × Selling price per unit
New break-even point (in dollars) = 2,850 units × $22 = $62,700
Therefore, the new break-even point in unit sales is 2,850 units, and the new break-even point in dollar sales is $62,700.
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Greenfield Consultants conducts analyses of public policy issues. The company has two units: Government (with various U. S. government agencies as the only clients) and Corporate (with several corporations as clients). Government business is charged based on the total costs (direct and indirect) plus a 15 percent fee (profit). Corporate clients are charged a fixed fee negotiated at the beginning of the project. During the planning process for the following year, the controller has estimated costs for the two units. Corporate Government Total Direct costs $ 720,000 $ 2,880,000 $ 3,600,000 Direct contract hours worked 2,100 4,200 6,300 The controller expects indirect costs to total $7.8 million next year. Revenues from Corporate clients are expected to be $2.3 million. Required:
a. Suppose Greenfield chooses to allocate indirect cost based on direct cost.
1. What cost would be allocated to the two units (Corporate and Government)?
2. What total revenue would they expect to collect next year?
b. Suppose Greenfield chooses to allocate indirect cost based on direct contract hours worked.
1. What cost would be allocated to the two units (Corporate and Government)?
2. What total revenue would they expect to collect next year?
To allocate indirect costs based on direct costs, the following calculations were made. The total direct costs were found to be $3,600,000, with Corporate accounting for $720,000 (20%) and Government for $2,880,000 (80%). Indirect costs for Corporate and Government were determined by applying their respective proportions to the total indirect costs of $7.8 million, resulting in $1,560,000 and $6,240,000, respectively.
The total cost for Corporate was $2,280,000, while for Government it was $9,120,000.
The total revenue for the next year was calculated by adding the revenues from Corporate clients ($2.3 million) to 15% of the total cost for Government clients ($9,120,000), resulting in $3,886,000.
Alternatively, allocating indirect costs based on direct contract hours worked yielded different results.
The proportions of direct contract hours worked were determined to be 1/3 for Corporate and 2/3 for Government.
Indirect costs for Corporate and Government were then calculated by applying their respective proportions to the total indirect costs of $7.8 million, resulting in $2,600,000 and $5,200,000, respectively.
The total cost for Corporate was $3,320,000, while for Government it was $8,080,000.
The total revenue for the next year was calculated using the same formula as in part (a), resulting in $3,722,000.
Therefore Greenfield Consultants would expect to collect a total revenue of $3,886,000 based on direct costs and $3,722,000 based on direct contract hours worked for the next year.
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roberto received land worth $32,000 as a gift in 1997. the donor's adjusted basis was $35,000. roberto sold the land for $95,000 in 2022. what is his recognized gain or loss on the sale? $60,000 $32,000 $35,000 $95,000
The recognized gain on the sale of the land is $60,000.
In this question, we are required to determine the gain or loss recognized by Roberto on the sale of the land.
To calculate the recognized gain or loss, we will use the adjusted basis of the donor, the amount Roberto sold the land for, and the year in which the land was sold.
Roberto received land worth $32,000 as a gift in 1997.
The donor's adjusted basis was $35,000. Roberto sold the land for $95,000 in 2022. What is his recognized gain or loss on the sale?
To calculate the recognized gain or loss, we will first need to determine the adjusted basis of the land.
Since Roberto received the land as a gift, the adjusted basis of the land will be the same as the donor's adjusted basis.
The donor's adjusted basis was $35,000. Now, we will need to compare the adjusted basis with the amount Roberto sold the land for to determine the recognized gain or loss.
Recognized Gain or Loss = Amount Sold - Adjusted Basis = $95,000 - $35,000 = $60,000
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In Module 4, you analyzed the commercial below according to the rules that govern a valid offer. Many of you recognized that the ad did not include enough details and the unrealistic nature of the commercial indicated Pepsi was not serious about awarding the jet, both of which meant that the ad was not a valid offer. In this assignment, you will revisit the ad and look at it in the context of the Statute of Frauds. In an essay of at least 500 words answer the following questions. This word count does not include citations to your sources in APA format. Citations are required if you use sources in your writing. Without citations and appropriate attribution of quotations and other information, I will consider your work to be in violation of the CPCC student academic integrity policy. See page 5 of the course syllabus for further details. 1. What does the Statute of Frauds require for a contract to be valid? 2. What kinds of contracts does the Statute of Frauds apply to? 3. Explain how Pepsi can use the Statute of Frauds to avoid John Leonard's attempt to get the jet as a prize.
Given statement solution is :- The Statute of Frauds is a legal doctrine that outlines the requirements for certain contracts to be enforceable.
The Statute of Frauds typically applies to specific types of contracts to ensure clarity and prevent fraudulent claims.
The Statute of Frauds plays a crucial role in determining the enforceability of certain contracts. In the case of the Pepsi commercial, the lack of a written agreement meeting the requirements of the Statute of Frauds, along with the absence of essential terms and the unrealistic nature of the advertisement, suggests that Pepsi.
Title: The Statute of Frauds and its Application in Contract Validity: Analysis of the Pepsi Commercial
Introduction:
The Statute of Frauds is a legal doctrine that outlines the requirements for certain contracts to be enforceable. In this essay, we will explore the application of the Statute of Frauds to analyze the validity of the Pepsi commercial, particularly in relation to John Leonard's claim for the prize jet. Specifically, we will address the requirements for a valid contract under the Statute of Frauds, the types of contracts to which it applies, and how Pepsi can utilize the Statute of Frauds to counter John Leonard's claim.
Requirements for a Valid Contract under the Statute of Frauds:
The Statute of Frauds typically requires that certain contracts be in writing to be enforceable. While the specific requirements may vary by jurisdiction, the general elements include:
a. Written Form: The contract must be reduced to writing, either in physical or electronic form, and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought.
b. Essential Terms: The written contract should include essential terms, such as the identities of the parties involved, the subject matter of the agreement, the consideration exchanged, and any other material terms relevant to the contract.
c. Signature: The party sought to be bound must sign the written contract, indicating their intention to be legally bound by its terms.
Contracts Covered by the Statute of Frauds:
The Statute of Frauds typically applies to specific types of contracts to ensure clarity and prevent fraudulent claims. Although the coverage may vary by jurisdiction, the following are common examples of contracts subject to the Statute of Frauds:
a. Contracts for the Sale of Goods: Contracts involving the sale of goods valued above a certain threshold, usually set by each jurisdiction, fall within the Statute of Frauds.
b. Contracts for Real Estate: Agreements relating to the sale, transfer, or lease of real property, including land or buildings, are generally covered.
c. Contracts for Services: Certain service contracts, such as those extending beyond a year, may require written documentation to be enforceable.
d. Contracts for the Sale of Intangible Assets: Contracts involving the sale of intangible assets, such as intellectual property or stocks, may also be subject to the Statute of Frauds.
Pepsi's Use of the Statute of Frauds to Counter John Leonard's Claim:
In the context of the Pepsi commercial, Pepsi can potentially use the Statute of Frauds as a defense against John Leonard's claim for the prize jet. The analysis involves two key aspects:
a. Lack of Written Agreement: The commercial, by itself, does not constitute a written contract meeting the requirements of the Statute of Frauds. The absence of a written agreement signed by both parties raises doubts about the enforceability of any contractual obligations.
b. Lack of Essential Terms: The commercial also fails to provide the essential terms necessary for a valid contract. The lack of details regarding the terms and conditions, duration, and method of claiming the prize suggests that the advertisement was intended as a promotional tool rather than a serious offer. The unrealistic nature of the commercial further supports this interpretation.
By asserting that the advertisement was not a valid offer under the Statute of Frauds, Pepsi can argue that there was no binding contract between them and John Leonard. Pepsi may contend that the commercial was merely an invitation to participate in a marketing campaign and did not create any legally enforceable obligations.
Conclusion:
The Statute of Frauds plays a crucial role in determining the enforceability of certain contracts. In the case of the Pepsi commercial, the lack of a written agreement meeting the requirements of the Statute of Frauds, along with the absence of essential terms and the unrealistic nature of the advertisement, suggests that Pepsi.
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Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. In other words, it is a mathematical discipline to collect, summarize data. Also, we can say that statistics is a branch of applied mathematics
statistics intended for students in a wide variety of areas of study. Topics discussed include displaying and describing data, the normal curve, regression, probability, statistical inference, confidence intervals, and hypothesis tests with applications in the real world.
Statistics helps you learn to think like a scientist.
It can help train your mind to think about how data is organized, hypotheses, and what samples of data mean. The skill sets that you practice and apply in a statistics class can be transferred and used in many different subject areas.
Ms. D. has 12 students in her AP Statistics class. They all did very well on the final exam with scores of {81, 87, 88, 88, 88, 89, 89, 90, 90, 90, 90, 95}.
(a) The trimean is defined as Compute the trimean for the above data.
(b) The mean trimmed 50% is computed by trimming the upper 25% of the scores and the lower 25% of the scores and then computing the mean of the remaining scores. Compute the mean trimmed 50% for the above data.
Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics that involves the study of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and organizing data. Statistics applies mathematical principles to data to derive meaningful insights.
There are different statistical measures used to summarize data, and the two measures to be discussed are trimean and mean trimmed 50%. The trimean is the central tendency measure that represents the arithmetic mean of the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of a distribution.
The trimean is calculated by finding the median of the dataset. The data for calculating the trimean are 3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22, 25, 26, 29, 31, 35, 40, 41, 42, 47, 54, 60, 62, 70.
The median of the dataset is 25, which is the 50th percentile. The 25th percentile is the median of the data that lies below the median, which is 16. The 75th percentile is the median of the data that lies above the median, which is 41.
Therefore, the trimean is calculated as follows; Trimean = (25 + 16 + 41)/3 = 27.33. The trimean is 27.33. The mean trimmed 50% is a measure of central tendency that is computed by trimming the upper 25% of the scores and the lower 25% of the scores and then computing the mean of the remaining scores.
The mean trimmed 50% is also known as the midmean. The midmean is calculated as follows; We sort the data from smallest to largest: 3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22, 25, 26, 29, 31, 35, 40, 41, 42, 47, 54, 60, 62, 70. We remove the upper and lower 25% of the scores, which are 12 and 54, respectively.
The remaining data is 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22, 25, 26, 29, 31, 35, 40, 41, 42, 47. The sum of the remaining data is 522. The number of remaining data is 17. Therefore, the midmean is calculated as follows; Midmean = 522/17 = 30.71. The midmean is 30.71.
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A company produces 100 microwave ovens per month, each of which includes one electrical circuit. The company currently manufactures the circuits in-house but is considering outsourcing the circuits at a contract cost of $30 each. Currently, the cost of producing circuits in-house includes variable costs of $24 per circuit and fixed costs of $6,000 per month. Assume the company could eliminate all fixed costs by outsourcing and that there is no alternative use for the facilities presently being used to make circuits. If the company outsources, operating income will
If the company decides to outsource the circuits, the operating income will increase by $600 per month.
Currently, the company produces 100 microwave ovens per month, and each oven requires one electrical circuit. The cost of producing circuits in-house includes variable costs of $24 per circuit and fixed costs of $6,000 per month. Therefore, the total cost of producing circuits in-house is $24 * 100 = $2,400 in variable costs plus $6,000 in fixed costs, resulting in a total cost of $8,400.
If the company decides to outsource the circuits at a contract cost of $30 each, the total cost of circuits would be $30 * 100 = $3,000.
By outsourcing, the company would eliminate the fixed costs of $6,000 per month associated with in-house production. This means that the company's total costs would decrease from $8,400 to $3,000, resulting in a cost savings of $8,400 - $3,000 = $5,400 per month.
As a result, the operating income would increase by the amount of cost savings, which is $5,400 per month. Therefore, if the company outsources the circuits, the operating income will increase by $600 ($5,400/9) per month.
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5. Constant growth stocks Super Carpeting Inc. (SCI) just paid a dividend (D) of $1.92 per share, and its annual dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate (g) of 4.00% per year. If the required return (r.) on SCI's stock is 10.00 %, then the intrinsic value of SCI's shares is per share. Which of the following statements is true about the constant growth model? The constant growth model implies that dividends remain constant from now to a certain terminal year. The constant growth model implies that dividend growth remains constant from now to infinity. Use the constant growth model to calculate the appropriate values to complete the following statements about Super Carpeting Inc.: • If SCI's stock is in equilibrium, the current expected dividend yield on the stock will be per share. • SCI's expected stock price one year from today will be per share. • If SCI's stock is in equilibrium, the current expected capital gains yield on SCI's stock will be per share..
The true statement about the constant growth model is: The constant growth model implies that dividend growth remains constant from now to infinity.
To calculate the intrinsic value of SCI's shares using the constant growth model, we can use the formula:
Intrinsic Value = D / (r - g)
where:
D = Dividend per share = $1.92
r = Required return = 10.00% or 0.10
g = Dividend growth rate = 4.00% or 0.04
Plugging in the values, we have:
Intrinsic Value = $1.92 / (0.10 - 0.04)
= $1.92 / 0.06
= $32.00 per share
The constant growth model implies that dividend growth remains constant from now to infinity. This means that the growth rate of 4.00% will continue indefinitely.
Using the intrinsic value of $32.00 per share, we can calculate the other values:
Expected Dividend Yield:
The dividend yield is calculated as the expected dividend divided by the stock price.
Expected Dividend Yield = D / Stock Price
Assuming the stock is in equilibrium, the expected dividend yield will be the same as the required return, which is 10.00% or 0.10.
D / Stock Price = 0.10
$1.92 / Stock Price = 0.10
Stock Price = $1.92 / 0.10
Stock Price = $19.20 per share
Expected Stock Price in One Year:
The expected stock price in one year can be calculated using the formula:
Expected Stock Price = D * (1 + g) / (r - g)
Expected Stock Price = $1.92 * (1 + 0.04) / (0.10 - 0.04)
Expected Stock Price = $1.92 * 1.04 / 0.06
Expected Stock Price = $31.68 per share
Expected Capital Gains Yield:
The capital gains yield is the expected increase in stock price relative to the initial price.
Expected Capital Gains Yield = (Expected Stock Price - Initial Stock Price) / Initial Stock Price
Expected Capital Gains Yield = ($31.68 - $19.20) / $19.20
Expected Capital Gains Yield = $12.48 / $19.20
Expected Capital Gains Yield = 0.65 or 65%
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2. Define fiscal policy. List and define and give examples of the major tools that it employs, including regulation, incentives, subsidies, taxation, and government spending.
Fiscal policy is the use of taxation and spending by the government to affect a nation's economy.
Public spending and taxation are used in fiscal policy to influence the economy, especially macroeconomic conditions. These include total demand for products and services, inflation, economic growth, and employment. Fiscal policy's two primary instruments are taxes and spending.
When a government choice to tax, spend, or borrow has, or is intended to have, no net impact on the economy, that policy is considered neutral. Contractionary policy involves either raising taxes or cutting back on government expenditure, whereas expansionary policy involves the government spending more than it takes in through taxation.
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1 As the price of a piece of shrimp increases from $6 to $8, the quantity demanded decreases from 400 to 150.What does price elasticity of demand equal?
2. Suppose a 16 percent rise in the price of gasoline causes the quantity demanded for gasoline to decrease by 32 percent. What does the price elasticity of demand for gasoline equal
3. If a 24% drop in the price of one good causes a 3% increase in the quantity demanded of another good, calculate the cross-price elasticity of demand for the good?
If a 24% drop in the price of one good causes a 3% increase in the quantity demanded of another good, the cross-price elasticity of demand for the good equals -0.125.
To calculate price elasticity of demand, we use the formula:
Price Elasticity of Demand = Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded / Percentage Change in Price
1. Given:
Initial Price (P1) = $6
Final Price (P2) = $8
Initial Quantity Demanded (Q1) = 400
Final Quantity Demanded (Q2) = 150
Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded = ((Q2 - Q1) / Q1) x 100
Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded = ((150 - 400) / 400) x 100 = (-250 / 400) x 100 = -62.5%
Percentage Change in Price = ((P2 - P1) / P1) x 100
Percentage Change in Price = ((8 - 6) / 6) x 100 = (2 / 6) x 100 = 33.33%
Price Elasticity of Demand = (-62.5% / 33.33%) = -1.875
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand equals -1.875.
2. Given:
Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded = -32%
Percentage Change in Price = 16%
Price Elasticity of Demand = (-32% / 16%) = -2
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for gasoline equals -2.
3. Given:
Percentage Change in Price of Good 1 = -24%
Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded of Good 2 = 3%
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand = (3% / -24%) = -0.125
Therefore, the cross-price elasticity of demand for the good equals -0.125.
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1.If the cost of debt is the lowest among the sources of financing, would increasing the percentage of debt in the Capital Structure reduce the Cost of Capital to the firm?
1b. The ratio of Equity to Total Assets is very low in Banks. Why is that the case?
1c. As a stockholder would you prefer to see your company declare a 100% stock dividend or a 2-for-1 split? Assume that either action is feasible.
Increasing the percentage of debt in the capital structure may not necessarily reduce the cost of capital to the firm, even if the cost of debt is the lowest among the sources of financing.
Why is the ratio of Equity to Total Assets very low in banks?While the cost of debt may be lower than the cost of other sources of financing, increasing the percentage of debt in the capital structure can actually increase the cost of equity and overall cost of capital for the firm. This is because higher levels of debt introduce more financial risk, which increases the required rate of return expected by equity investors.
As a result, the cost of equity increases, offsetting the potential cost savings from cheaper debt. Therefore, the optimal capital structure for a firm depends on a balance between the cost of debt and equity, considering the overall cost of capital.
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Behavioural finance:
In each point below, is the statement/conclusion true or false? Briefly (in 1-3 sentences), justify your answers.
a) A high price-dividend ratio (above 50) on the aggregate stock market means that there is an irrational bubble.
b) In mainstream finance models, individuals perfectly smooth consumption across states.
c) Surveys of investor expectations of US stock market returns provide evidence against rational explanations of the predictability of the equity premium based on the dividend-price ratio.
d) The available evidence suggests that subsidies are an effective way to encourage saving for retirement.
e) If all individuals are rational, the Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM) holds
a) False. A high price-dividend ratio does not necessarily indicate an irrational bubble. It could be due to rational factors such as expectations of future dividend growth or low interest rates.
b) False. Mainstream finance models assume individuals smooth consumption, but in reality, individuals often exhibit consumption patterns that deviate from perfect smoothing due to various behavioral biases and constraints.
c) True. Surveys of investor expectations that show deviations from rational expectations provide evidence against rational explanations of the predictability of the equity premium based on the dividend-price ratio.
d) True. The available evidence suggests that subsidies can be an effective way to encourage saving for retirement. Subsidies, such as tax incentives or employer matching contributions, can provide financial incentives for individuals to save more for retirement.
e) False. The Consumption Capital Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM) assumes rationality of individuals but does not hold even if all individuals are rational. The CCAPM relies on strong assumptions, such as perfect consumption smoothing and no restrictions on borrowing and lending, which are not realistic in the real world.
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At the time indirect materials are issued to production, the balance in the:
A. Raw Materials Inventory account will increase.
B. Work in Process Inventory account will increase.
C. Manufacturing Overhead account will increase.
D. Manufacturing Overhead account will decrease.
The correct answer is B. Work in Process Inventory account will increase. When indirect materials are issued to production, they are considered part of the manufacturing overhead costs and are included in the Work in Process Inventory account.
Indirect materials are materials that are not directly incorporated into the final product but are still necessary for the production process, such as lubricants, cleaning supplies, or safety equipment. These materials are not recorded in the Raw Materials Inventory account because they do not become part of the finished goods. Instead, they are treated as manufacturing overhead costs, which are allocated to the Work in Process Inventory account.
By increasing the Work in Process Inventory account, the company recognizes the costs associated with the indirect materials used in the production process. This helps in accurately tracking the costs of production and calculating the cost of goods sold.
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a.In the above figure, if the price is $16, a profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firm will
a) produce 10 units.
b)produce 35 units
c) choose not to produce
d) produce 50 units
b.In the above figure, if the price is $12, a profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firm will have an economic profit
a)that is negative , that is, it will have an economic loss.
b) of zero that is it will break even
c) of more than 100
d)of less than 100 but more than 0
c.In the above figure, at any price between $8 per unit to $12 per unit, how many units will a profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firm produce?
a)Less than 20 because this will reduce marginal cost.
b)More than 30, because variable costs are covered so that the producer can earn economic profits.
c)Between 20 and 30, because variable costs are covered so the firm's losses will be minimized by producing rather than shutting down.
d) none because the produce will never choose to operate at a loss
A perfectly competitive firm is a type of market structure where there are many buyers and sellers, and no single firm has control over the market price. In a perfectly competitive market, firms are price takers, meaning they have to accept the prevailing market price for their products or services.
a) In the above figure, if the price is $16, a profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firm will produce 10 units.
b) In the above figure, if the price is $12, a profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firm will have an economic profit that is negative, that is, it will have an economic loss.
c) In the above figure, at any price between $8 per unit to $12 per unit, a profit-maximizing perfectly competitive firm will produce between 20 and 30 units because variable costs are covered, so the firm's losses will be minimized by producing rather than shutting down.
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Consider a regular hexagon with vertices A, B, C, D, E, F. From each vertex we can go to the nearest neighbor with equal probability 1/2. For example from A we can go to B and F with probability 1/2. We denote by X. 0 the vertex we are staying in the n-th step of this random procedure. At the beginning we are staying in the vertex A., i.e. X, A.
What is the probability that we first reach vertex C before we reach D?. Denoting to inf(n> 1: XC) and 7p inf (n 1: X, D) you can formulate the question in the following way: find P(TC
What is the expectation of the first return to A? Namely let 7 inf{n> 1: X₁ = 4), find ETA-
Consider a regular hexagon with vertices A, B, C, D, E, F. From each vertex, we can go to the nearest neighbor with an equal probability of 1/2.
from A, we can go to B and F with probability 1/2. We denote by X.0 the vertex we are staying in the nth step of this random procedure. At the beginning, we are staying in the vertex A, i.e., X, A.What is the probability that we first reach vertex C before we reach D? Denoting inf(n> 1: XC) and inf(n 1: X, D)
We know that pC+pD = 1. Denote P the required probability (i.e., the probability that we reach C before D, starting from A). Then, we have P = 1/2pC + 1/2pD. (The factor of 1/2 is due to the equal probability of moving to B and F from A, which means we have 1/2 probability of continuing towards C or Therefore, the probability that we first reach vertex C before we reach D is 3/7.
Since we want the first return, we can assume that we move away from A at the first step, which happens with probability 1/2. Then, we can write the following recursive expression for ET: ET = 1 + 1/2(EF + ED + EA), where the subscripts denote the neighboring vertices of A.
we can assume that EF = ED = ET, and EA = 1 + ET. Substituting into the previous expression and solving for ET, we get ET = 14. Therefore, the expectation of the first return to A is 14.
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A machine costing $213,800 with a four-year life and an estimated $19,000 salvage value is installed in Luther Company's factory on January 1. The factory manager estimates the machine will produce 487,000 units of product during its life. It actually produces the following units: 121,500 in Year 1, 123,400 in Year 2, 120,600 in Year 3, 131,500 in Year 4. The total number of units produced by the end of Year 4 exceeds the original estimate-this difference was not predicted Note: The machine cannot be depreciated below its estimated salvage value.
Required: Compute depreciation for each year.
The depreciation for the machine each year is approximately as follows Year 1: $12,146 Year 2: $12,517 Year 3: $12,062 Year 4: $13,171.
Given
a machine costing $213,800 with a four-year life and an estimated $19,000 salvage value is installed in Luther Company's factory on January 1. The factory manager estimates the machine will produce 487,000 units of product during its life. It actually produces the following units: 121,500 in Year 1, 123,400 in Year 2, 120,600 in Year 3, and 131,500 in Year 4.
Required to calculate depreciation for each year =?
Cost of the machine: $213,800
Salvage value: $19,000
Useful life: 4 years
Total units produced: 487,000
Depreciation per year = (Cost - Salvage Value) / Useful life
Depreciation per year = ($213,800 - $19,000) / 4
Depreciation per year = $194,800 / 4
Depreciation per year = $48,700
Year 1:
Depreciation for Year 1 = (Units Produced in Year 1 / Total Units Produced) * Depreciation per year
Depreciation for Year 1 = (121,500 / 487,000) * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 1 = 0.2497 * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 1 = $12,150
Year 2:
Depreciation for Year 2 = (Units Produced in Year 2 / Total Units Produced) * Depreciation per year
Depreciation for Year 2 = (123,400 / 487,000) * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 2 = 0.2536 * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 2 ≈ $12,340
Year 3:
Depreciation for Year 3 = (Units Produced in Year 3 / Total Units Produced) * Depreciation per year
Depreciation for Year 3 = (120,600 / 487,000) * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 3 = 0.2476 * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 3 = $12,060
Year 4:
Depreciation for Year 4 = (Units Produced in Year 4 / Total Units Produced) * Depreciation per year
Depreciation for Year 4 = (131,500 / 487,000) * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 4 = 0.2699 * $48,700
Depreciation for Year 4 ≈ $13,150
Therefore, the depreciation for each year is approximately as follows Year 1: $12,146 Year 2: $12,517 Year 3: $12,062 Year 4: $13,171.
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Prepare flexible budgets that show variable costs per unit, fixed costs, and three different flexible budgets for sales volumes of 14,000, 16,000, and 18,000 units. (Round cost per units to 2 decimal places.)
Tempo Company's fixed budget for the first quarter of calendar year 2013 reveals the following.
Sales (16,000 units) $3,280,000
Cost of goods sold Direct materials $373,760 Direct labor 702,400 Production supplies 435,520 Plant manager salary 173,760 1,685,440
Gross profit 1,594,560
Selling expenses Sales commissions 142,080 Packaging 250,720 Advertising 100,000 492,800
Administrative expenses Administrative salaries 223,760 Depreciation - office equip. 193,760 Insurance 163,760 Office rent 173,760 755,040
Income from operations $346,720
For a sales volume of 14,000 units, the flexible budget would have variable costs of $327,040 for direct materials, $614,600 for direct labor, and $380,080 for production supplies. The fixed costs would include a cost of goods sold of $1,685,440, selling expenses of $492,800, and administrative expenses of $755,040. The income from operations would be $346,720.
For a sales volume of 16,000 units, the flexible budget would have variable costs of $373,760 for direct materials, $702,400 for direct labor, and $435,520 for production supplies. The fixed costs would remain the same as above, resulting in an income from operations of $346,720.
For a sales volume of 18,000 units, the flexible budget would have variable costs of $420,480 for direct materials, $790,200 for direct labor, and $489,960 for production supplies. The fixed costs would remain the same, resulting in an income from operations of $346,720.
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Suppose we have the following production function: Q = 30 K + 10L. Confirm the technology is constant returns to scale (CRS). Show your work and explain what it means
The production function Q=30K+10L is considered to have a constant return to scale (CRS).
when K and L are both doubled, then the new production will be:
Q1 = 30(2K) + 10(2L) = 60K + 20L
Hence, the increase in production is:
ΔQ = Q1 - QΔQ = 60K + 20L - 30K - 10L
ΔQ = 30K + 10L
Production refers to the process of creating goods or services through the conversion of inputs into outputs. It involves various activities, such as designing, sourcing raw materials, manufacturing, assembling, and packaging. The goal of production is to efficiently and effectively transform inputs, including labor, capital, and resources, into finished products or services that satisfy consumer demand.
Production can take place in different sectors, including manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and services. It typically follows a systematic approach, involving planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling resources to achieve desired outcomes. Factors like technology, equipment, human capital, and organizational structure play crucial roles in determining the level and efficiency of production.
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Compute the price of a share of stock that pays a 50.50 per year dividend and that you expect to be able to sell in one year for $20, assuming you require a 10% retum The price of the share is $_________
The price of the share is $64.09.
To compute the price of a share of stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) approach, which values a stock based on the present value of its future dividends.
In this case, the annual dividend is $50.50, and we expect to sell the stock for $20 after one year. The required return is 10%.
Using the DDM formula, the price of the share can be calculated as follows:
Price = Dividend / (1 + Required Return) + Future Selling Price / (1 + Required Return)
Price = $50.50 / (1 + 0.10) + $20 / (1 + 0.10)
Price = $50.50 / 1.10 + $20 / 1.10
Price = $45.91 + $18.18
Price = $64.09
Therefore, the price of the share is $64.09.
This calculation takes into account the present value of the dividend received in the first year and the future selling price, discounted at the required return of 10%. It represents the price an investor would be willing to pay for the stock based on the expected cash flows and the required return.
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manley operates a law practice on the accrual method and calendar year. at the beginning of the year manley's firm had an allowance for doubtful accounts with a balance of $14,300. at the end of the year, manley recorded bad debt expense of $21,600 and the balance of doubtful accounts had increased to $19,400. what is manley's deduction for bad debt expense this year?
Manley's deduction for bad debt expense for this year = $21,600 - $5,100= $16,500 Thus, the amount of Manley's deduction for bad debt expense this year is $16,500.
Manley's deduction for bad debt expense this year is $25,700. The accrual method of accounting states that the expenses are recognized in the period in which the revenue is recognized, irrespective of the fact whether the payment has been received or not. In the given case, we are to calculate the deduction for bad debt expense.In the beginning, Manley's firm had an allowance for doubtful accounts with a balance of $14,300.At the end of the year, the bad debt expense recorded was $21,600 and the balance of doubtful accounts had increased to $19,400.
To calculate the deduction for bad debt expense for the year, we will have to calculate the net allowance for doubtful accounts (Ending balance of doubtful accounts - Beginning balance of doubtful accounts) and deduct the same from the bad debt expense incurred during the year.
Net allowance for doubtful accounts = $19,400 - $14,300= $5,100
Therefore, Manley's deduction for bad debt expense for this year = $21,600 - $5,100
= $16,500
Thus, the amount of Manley's deduction for bad debt expense this year is $16,500.
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Which of the following is an external factor? Select one: a. the sales force b. where advertising is placed c. technological factors d. the distribution strategy
Technological factors is an external factor in the given case. In this case option C is correct
An external factor refers to an element or influence that originates from outside of a company or organization and affects its operations, strategies, or performance. It is typically beyond the control of the organization and is influenced by external entities such as the market, industry, customers, competitors, and the broader economic, social, political, and technological environment.
In the context of the options provided:
a. The sales force: While the sales force can be influenced and managed by the company, it is considered an internal factor as it is a part of the organization's structure and resources.
b. Where advertising is placed: This is a marketing decision made by the company, which makes it an internal factor as it is within the control of the organization.
c. Technological factors: This can be considered an external factor as it includes advancements, trends, and changes in technology that are beyond the direct control of the company. Technological factors can significantly impact a company's operations, competitiveness, and overall business environment.
d. The distribution strategy: This is also an external factor as it involves decisions and considerations related to how a company distributes its products or services to its customers. Distribution strategies are influenced by factors such as market demand, customer preferences, supply chain dynamics, and industry practices.
In summary, an external factor refers to elements or influences that are outside the direct control of a company and can have a significant impact on its operations, strategies, and performance.
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Which of the following account would the financial statement of a merchandise company include, but a service company would not?
A- Asset and Liability
B- AR and Inventory
C- Inventory and Unearned Revenue
D- Inventory and COGS
Answer:
the answer is C
nakakapagid mag explain,kaya sorry
The account which would the financial statement of a merchandise company include, but a service company would not is D. Inventory and COGS. Explanation: In accounting, companies sell products to earn revenue. There are two types of companies in the business world: merchandise companies and service companies. Merchandise companies are companies that purchase and resell goods, while service companies are businesses that sell services.
The income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement are the three key financial statements that all businesses need to generate. For a merchandise company, there are additional accounts that will appear on its financial statement, which a service company does not have on its financial statement.
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Company A is financed by 26% of debt and the rest of the company is financed by common equity. The company's before-tax cost of debt is 3.3%, and its cost of equity is 7.5%. If the marginal tax rate is 30%, the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is (Note: Round your answer to three decimal places. For example, if your answer is 8.7%, you should write 0.087 in the answer box. DO NOT write your answers as percentages as you will be marked wrong.) ?
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC), given the marginal tax rate, would be 6. 31 %.
How to find the WACC ?The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a measure of a company's average cost of capital, where each category of capital (equity and debt) is proportionately weighted.
The formula is:
WACC = ( E / V ) Re + ( D / V ) Rd ( 1 - Tc)
The company's before-tax cost of debt is 3. 3%, so Rd = 0.033.
The cost of equity is 7. 5%, so Re = 0.075.
The marginal tax rate is 30 %, so Tc = 0.30.
The WACC is therefore :
WACC = (0.74 ) x 0. 075 + (0.26) 0.033 ( 1 - 0 .30)
WACC = 0. 0555 + 0. 007581
WACC = 0. 063081
= 6. 31 %
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1. Discuss strict liability in Mexico oil spills
2. Negligence and recklessness are tort laws but varies in
degree. Justtify
1. Strict liability in Mexico oil spills: Strict liability is a form of tort law that requires a party to be held responsible for damages caused by their actions regardless of whether they intended to cause harm or not.
In the case of oil spills in Mexico, strict liability would hold oil companies accountable for any environmental damage caused by their operations. Mexico has strict environmental regulations, and companies are required to take all necessary precautions to prevent accidents from happening.However, in the event of an oil spill, the company would be held liable for any damage caused, including loss of life, damage to property, and environmental degradation. The company may be required to pay hefty fines, compensate victims, and pay for the cleanup and restoration of the affected area.
2. Negligence and recklessness are tort laws but vary in degree: Negligence and recklessness are two forms of tort law that hold individuals responsible for their actions. Negligence refers to a failure to take reasonable care to prevent harm to others. Recklessness, on the other hand, refers to a willful disregard for the safety of others. While both are forms of tort law, they differ in degree. Negligence is less severe than recklessness because it involves an unintentional act that resulted in harm to another person.
For example, a driver who runs a red light and causes an accident is guilty of negligence because they did not intend to harm anyone. Recklessness, on the other hand, involves an intentional act that resulted in harm to another person. For example, a driver who speeds through a red light while knowing the risk of causing an accident is guilty of recklessness because they intentionally endangered others.
In summary, negligence is a lower degree of fault compared to recklessness. The two vary in the degree of culpability and the degree of punishment required.
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can u help me make a graph based off the oligopoly of the market on baby formula like during these recent times where the 3 main companies are flunking leaving little to no baby formula and hard for people to find
Graphical representation can vary depending on the specific market conditions and data available.
In an oligopoly market, where a few dominant firms have significant control over the market, the graph would typically depict the market demand and the supply of baby formula. The market demand curve would slope downward, representing the relationship between price and quantity demanded.
The supply curve would show the combined quantity supplied by the few main companies in the industry. During a time when the main companies are struggling, the supply curve would shift to the left, indicating a decrease in the quantity supplied. This shift would result in a shortage of baby formula in the market, leading to higher prices and limited availability.
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Victory MNC company plans to pursue a project in Italy that will generate revenue of 15 million Euro at the end of the next 3 years. It will have to pay operating expenses of 9 million Euro per year. In addition, depreciation is expected to be 2 million Euro per year. The project can be sold for 120 million Euro at the end of its life (net of any capital gain taxes). The Italian government charges 30 percent tax rate on profits. The parent company will finance the project which costs Euro 35 million if it decides to undertake it. The company uses a discount rate of 12% for projects with similar risk. The spot rate of the Euro is currently $1.22 and is expected to depreciate by 5 percent each year for the next three years.
Fill in the following blanks for the required variables to find the NPV. Insert your answers in MILLION. For example, for 1.5 million, insert 1.5. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.
Year 0 1 2 3
Cash flow in Dollar ($)
PV of cash flow
NPV =
Should you accept the project? (YES/NO)
NPV = -$6.29 million
Should you accept the project? NO
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project, we need to determine the cash flows in dollars, calculate the present value of each cash flow, and sum them up. The NPV helps us assess the profitability of the project and decide whether to accept or reject it.
Given:
Revenue at the end of year 3: 15 million Euro
Operating expenses per year: 9 million Euro
Depreciation per year: 2 million Euro
Selling price at the end of the project: 120 million Euro
Tax rate: 30%
Project cost: 35 million Euro
Discount rate: 12%
Spot rate of Euro: $1.22
To convert the Euro cash flows into dollars, we need to apply the spot rate and depreciation rate for each year. The depreciating spot rate indicates that the Euro will weaken against the dollar over time.
Using the given information, we can calculate the cash flows in dollars for each year:
Year 0: Cash flow = -35 million Euro * $1.22
Year 1: Cash flow = (15 million Euro - 9 million Euro - 2 million Euro) * $1.22 * (1 - 0.05)
Year 2: Cash flow = (15 million Euro - 9 million Euro - 2 million Euro) * $1.22 * (1 - 0.05)^2
Year 3: Cash flow = (15 million Euro - 9 million Euro - 2 million Euro + 120 million Euro * (1 - 0.3)) * $1.22 * (1 - 0.05)^3
Next, we calculate the present value of each cash flow by discounting it using the discount rate:
PV of cash flow = Cash flow / (1 + Discount rate)^Year
Finally, we sum up the present values of all cash flows to calculate the NPV.
In this case, the NPV is approximately -$6.29 million, indicating a negative value. Therefore, based on the NPV criterion, we should reject the project.
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An increase in accounts receivable from one year to the next Select one: O a. decreases cash flow b. does not affect cashp flow c. increases cash flow d. none of the choices
An increase in accounts receivable from one year to the next more than 100 would be expected to have which of the following effects on cash flow?Option (c) increases cash flow.
This is the right option when the accounts receivable increases more than 100%.Explanation:Accounts receivable is the amount of money that a company owes from the sale of its goods and services on credit terms. If a company is not receiving payment, it has the option to increase its accounts receivable. Increasing accounts receivable from one year to the next more than 100% would indicate that a company is providing more goods and services on credit terms compared to the previous year.
When accounts receivable increase, cash flow also increases. Cash flow refers to the amount of money coming in and going out of a company. An increase in accounts receivable means that the company is expecting to receive more cash in the future. Hence, it is beneficial for the company and results in an increase in cash flow. Hence, the option (c) is correct- an increase in accounts receivable from one year to the next increases cash flow.
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the town council of riverside estimated revenues for 2020 to be
The Budgetary Comparison Schedule for the General Fund in 2020 compares the budgeted and actual revenues and appropriations for various categories. Actual revenues for property taxes and business licenses were higher than expected.
To prepare a budgetary comparison schedule for the General Fund for 2020, we need to compare the budgeted amounts with the actual amounts for revenues and expenditures.
Budgetary Comparison Schedule for the General Fund for 2020:
Revenues:
Property Taxes:
Budgeted: $685,000
Actual: $687,500
Business Licenses:
Budgeted: $165,000
Actual: $124,000
Appropriations:
General Government:
Budgeted: $395,000
Actual: $365,000
Parks and Recreation:
Budgeted: $110,000
Actual: $160,500
Sanitation:
Budgeted: $90,000
Actual: $91,600
Streets and Sidewalks:
Budgeted: $160,000
Actual: $157,333
In Conclusion, Based on the budgetary comparison schedule, we can observe that the actual revenues from property taxes exceeded the budgeted amount, indicating better-than-expected tax collections. However, the actual revenues from business licenses fell short of the budgeted amount, indicating a decrease in license revenue.
In terms of appropriations, the actual expenditures for general government were lower than the budgeted amount, implying effective cost management. However, the actual expenditures for parks and recreation exceeded the budgeted amount due to the increased budget revision caused by the flood damage.
Overall, the General Fund started the year with a balance of $49,000 and recorded favorable variances in property tax revenues and general government expenditures. However, the shortfall in business license revenues and higher-than-expected parks and recreation expenditures may have an impact on the overall financial position of the General Fund.
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Complete Question:
The town council of Riverside estimated revenues for 2020 to be $685,000 from property taxes and $165,000 from business licenses. The appropriations budget from the council was as follows:
General government $ 395,000
Parks and recreation 110,000
Sanitation 90,000
Streets and sidewalks 160,000
In April, heavy spring rains caused some flooding near the river. As a result, a picnic area at River’s Edge Park was ruined and several damaged shops had to shut down. The council adopted an upward revision of $50,000 for the parks and recreation budget and reduced the estimated revenues from business licenses by $30,000.
The General Fund began the year with a balance of $49,000. During the year, tax collections totaled $687,500 and revenues from business licenses were $124,000. Expenditures were $365,000 for general government, $160,500 for parks and recreation, $91,600 for sanitation, and $157,333 for streets and sidewalks. There are no outstanding encumbrances at year-end.
Required:
Prepare a budgetary comparison schedule for the General Fund for 2020.