Some students have said that a buffer is like a proton (H ) sponge. Evaluate this statement and explain both how a buffer is like a sponge and how it is not like a sponge. For your explanation, include chemical equations, data, and create and explain molecular-level drawings. (Question is taken from Orgill and Sutherland, 2008.) (Saloni)

Answer:

4.48 L O2

Explanation:

At STP, a mole of any gas contains 22.4 liters. Therefore, we simply have to multiply the amount of moles by 22.4

0.2mol O2 ( 22.4 L) = 4.48 L O2

Answer:

1.75 g HCl

Explanation:

First we convert 2.00 g of PCl₅ into moles, using its molar mass:

Then we convert PCl₅ moles into HCl moles, using the stoichiometric coefficients of the equation:

Finally we convert HCl moles into grams, using its molar mass:

Answer:

[tex]T_F=17.56\°C[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, for this calorimetry problem, it is possible for us to realize that the heat lost by the hot silver is gained by the cold far whose specific heat is 3.94 J/g°c, so we can write:

[tex]-Q_{Ag}=Q_{fat}[/tex]

Which can be written in terms of mass, specific heat and temperature as shown below:

[tex]-m_{Ag}C_{Ag}(T_F-T_{Ag})=m_{fat}C_{fat}(T_F-T_{fat})[/tex]

In such a way, solving for the final temperature, we obtain:

[tex]T_F=\frac{m_{Ag}C_{Ag}T_{Ag}+m_{fat}C_{fat}T_{fat}}{m_{Ag}C_{Ag}+m_{fat}C_{fat}}}[/tex]

Then, we plug in the given data to obtain:

[tex]T_F=\frac{14.16g*0.2165J/g\°C*133.5\°C+250g*3.94J/g\°C*17.20\°C}{14.16g*0.2165J/g\°C+250g*3.94J/g\°C} \\\\T_F=17.56\°C[/tex]

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Answer:

(a) The normal freezing point of water (J·K−1·mol−1) is [tex]-22Jmole^-^1k^-^1[/tex]

(b) The normal boiling point of water (J·K−1·mol−1) is [tex]-109Jmole^-^1K^-^1[/tex]

(c) the chemical potential of water supercooled to −5.0°C exceed that of ice at that temperature is  109J/mole

Explanation:

Lets calculate

(a) - General equation -

      [tex](\frac{d\mu(\beta )}{dt})p-(\frac{d\mu(\alpha) }{dt})_p[/tex] = [tex]-5_m(\beta )+5_m(\alpha )[/tex] =  [tex]-\frac{\Delta H}{T}[/tex]

 [tex]\alpha ,\beta[/tex] → phases

ΔH → enthalpy of transition

T → temperature transition

 [tex](\frac{d\mu(l)}{dT})_p -(\frac{d\mu(s)}{dT})_p[/tex] =[tex]= -\frac{\Delta_fH}{T_f}[/tex]

            = [tex]\frac{-6.008kJ/mole}{273.15K}[/tex] ( [tex]\Delta_fH[/tex] is the enthalpy of fusion of water)

           = [tex]-22Jmole^-^1k^-^1[/tex]

(b) [tex](\frac{d\mu(g)}{dT})_p-(\frac{d\mu(l)}{dT})_p= -\frac{\Delta_v_a_p_o_u_rH}{T_v_a_p_o_u_r}[/tex]

                                  = [tex]\frac{40.656kJ/mole}{373.15K}[/tex] ([tex]\Delta_v_a_p_o_u_rH[/tex] is the enthalpy of vaporization)

                               = [tex]-109Jmole^-^1K^-^1[/tex]

(c) [tex]\Delta\mu =\Delta\mu(l)-\Delta\mu(s)[/tex] =[tex]-S_m\DeltaT[/tex]

[tex][\mu(l-5[/tex]°[tex]C)-\mu(l,0[/tex]°[tex]C)][/tex] =  [tex][\mu(s-5[/tex]°[tex]C)-\mu(s,0[/tex]°[tex]C)][/tex][tex]=-S_m[/tex]ΔT

[tex]\mu(l,-5[/tex]°[tex]C)-\mu(s,-5[/tex]°[tex]C)=-Sm\DeltaT [\mu(l,0[/tex]

[tex]\Delta\mu=(21.995Jmole^-^1K^-^1)\times (-5K)[/tex]

     = 109J/mole

Answer:

The answer is agriculture.

Explanation:

Answer: Agriculture

Explanation:

I got it right on my exam

Answer:

1. Electron-deficient molecules

2. Odd electron molecules

3. Expanded valence shell molecules

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is - 1 and 3 are true.

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds require a lot of energy to be broken as these bonds are relatively strong intermolecular forces which makes the boiling point of liquid like water very high, as it requires a lot of heat to break the intermolecular bonds holding the water molecules together.

An increase in the surface area of the liquid also increases the rate of evaporation as it takes place among the molecules of the liquid on the surface.

Answer: The Anode reaction is [tex]Fe(s)\rightarrow Fe^{2+}(aq)+2e^-[/tex]

Explanation:

Oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously.

Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons.Oxidation occurs at anode.

Anode : [tex]Fe(s)\rightarrow Fe^{2+}(aq)+2e^-[/tex]

Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. Reduction occurs at cathode.

Cathode : [tex]Cd^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Cd(s)[/tex]

Answer:

Nitrogen cycle

Explanation:

They can be replenished fast.

Answer:

B-100

Explanation:

ppm is an unit of concentration that could be defined as the mass in mg of solute (In this case, NaCl) per kg of solution.

Now, a solution of NaCl that is 0.01% by mass, contains 0.01g of NaCl in 100g of solution.

To solve this question, we must convert the mass of NaCl to mg and the mass of solution to kg:

Mass NaCl:

0.01g * (1000mg / 1g) = 10mg

Mass Solution:

100g * (1kg / 1000g) = 0.10kg

The ppm are:

10mg / 0.10kg =

100ppm

Right answer is:

Answer:1 2 and 4

Explanation:

Answer:Scientists have identified more than 260,000 kinds of plants. They classify plants according to whether they have body parts such as seeds, tubes, roots, stems, and leaves. The three main groups of plants are seed plants, ferns, and mosses.

Explanation:

hope i help

Answer:

Cr 6+ & SO4 2-

Explanation:

Sulfate is a polyatomic ion that has a charge of 2-. There are three of them in the chemical formula so it equates to a 6- total charge. Thus, chromium must have a 6+ charge to give the compound a neutral charge.

Answer:

The correct answer is -

a) Sodium acetate: least Ammonia: _______ Sodium ethoxide: most

b) Sodium acetate: most Sodium chloroacetate: _______ Sodium fluoroacetate: least

c)  Sodium acetate: least Sodium methoxide: most Sodium phenoxide:

Explanation:

A) In this case the basicity can be found by the stability of the base, Sodium acetate is the most stable base due to resonance stabilization of acetate anion. Sodium acetate is the least basic as the lone pair of electrons involved in the resonance here. An ethoxide ion has more electrons to donate an electron pair easily.

Thus, the correct answer is - Sodium acetate is the least basic while sodium ethoxide is the most basic.

B) Fluroacetate gives a very strong acid and the acetate gives the least strong acid among all three as described in case of a), thus, the most basic is acetate and the least is fluoroacetate.

]C) comparing the acidity of the acids formed by the addition of a proton to the anions is an easy and correct way to find the basicity of compounds.

Acetate ion adds a proton ⇒ acetic acid

methoxide adds a proton ⇒ methanol

phenoxide ion adds proton ⇒ phenol

As it is known that the stronger the acid, the weaker is the conjugate base formed by the loss of the proton.

acetic acid is the strongest acid because it can easily give up its proton to form acetate. Methanol is the weakest among all three and hence methoxide anion is the strongest base.

Thus, the correct answer is - sodium acetate is the least basic while sodium methoxide is the most basic.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

It is run by Elon Musk, who is determined to get to Mars.

Answer:

A)Renewable Energy Sources

Explanation:

Answer:

Life in the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) differed significantly from today in family, government, social structure, religion, and trade. For example, the Han Dynasty emphasized a patriarchal family structure, where the eldest male held authority, and filial piety was highly valued. In contrast, contemporary societies embrace more egalitarian family dynamics with shared decision-making.

The government system of the Han Dynasty relied on a centralized bureaucracy and emphasized meritocracy, while modern societies often adopted democratic systems. Socially, the Han Dynasty followed a hierarchical model influenced by Confucian principles, whereas contemporary societies strive for greater equality and social mobility.

Religion in the Han Dynasty combined Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, whereas modern societies exhibit diverse religious beliefs. Lastly, trade in the Han Dynasty thrived along the Silk Road, while modern trade was globally interconnected and facilitated by technological advancements. These differences highlight the evolution of society over time.

Explanation:

Answer:

So confusing but I'll try

1. The standard cell potential for this reaction is 0.14 V.

2. The standard cell potential for this reaction is 0.46 V.

3. The reduction potential for Hg2+(aq) + 2e^- → Hg(l) is 0.79 V.

1. The half-reactions are:

Oxidation: Sn2+(aq) → Sn(s) + 2e^-

Reduction: Pt2+(aq) + 2e^- → Pt(s)

To balance the charges, we multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 2:

2Sn2+(aq) → 2Sn(s) + 4e^-

Now, we can combine the half-reactions to form the overall cell reaction:

2Sn2+(aq) + Pt2+(aq) → 2Sn(s) + Pt(s)

The cell notation for this reaction is:

Sn(s) | Sn2+(aq) || Pt2+(aq) | Pt(s)

To calculate the standard cell potential (E°), we can look up the reduction potentials for each half-reaction. The reduction potential for Pt2+(aq) + 2e^- → Pt(s) is typically listed as 0.00 V. The reduction potential for Sn2+(aq) + 2e^- → Sn(s) is -0.14 V. The standard cell potential is the sum of the reduction potentials:

E° = E°(reduction) - E°(oxidation)

E° = 0.00 V - (-0.14 V) = 0.14 V

2. The half-reactions are:

Oxidation: Co2+(aq) → Co(s) + 2e^-

Reduction: Cr3+(aq) + 3e^- → Cr(s)

To balance the charges, we multiply the reduction half-reaction by 2:

2Cr3+(aq) + 6e^- → 2Cr(s)

Now, we can combine the half-reactions to form the overall cell reaction:

Co2+(aq) + 2Cr3+(aq) + 6e^- → Co(s) + 2Cr(s)

The cell notation for this reaction is:

Co(s) | Co2+(aq) || Cr3+(aq) | Cr(s)

To calculate the standard cell potential (E°), we look up the reduction potentials for each half-reaction. The reduction potential for Co2+(aq) + 2e^- → Co(s) is typically listed as -0.28 V. The reduction potential for Cr3+(aq) + 3e^- → Cr(s) is -0.74 V. The standard cell potential is the sum of the reduction potentials:

E° = E°(reduction) - E°(oxidation)

E° = -0.28 V - (-0.74 V) = 0.46 V

3. The half-reactions are:

Oxidation: Cr2+(aq) → Cr(s) + 2e^-

Reduction: Hg2+(aq) + 2e^- → Hg(l)

The balanced overall cell reaction is:

Cr2+(aq) + 2Hg2+(aq) + 4e^- → Cr(s) + 2Hg(l)

The cell notation for this reaction is:

Hg(l) | Hg2+(aq) || Cr2+(aq) | Cr(s)

To calculate the standard cell potential (E°), we look up the reduction potentials for each half-reaction. The reduction potential for Cr2+(aq) + 2e^- → Cr(s) is typically listed as -0.91 V.

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Answer:

iron and chlorine

Explanation:

Answer:

Linoleic acid is omega-6 fatty acid, Oleic acid is omega-9 fatty acid and Palmitic acid  is omega-7 fatty acid

Explanation:

Linoleic acid is omega-6 fatty acid which is not naturally produced by the body while Oleic acid is omega-9 fatty acid which occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils.  

As compared to oleic acid, Linoleic acid is lightweight and thin.  

Palmitic acid  is omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid which occurs naturally and is found in plant and marine sources.  

Palmitic acid is lighter than both the oleic acid and Linoleic acid

The percent by mass of nitrogen in ammonia (NH3) is approximately 82.15%

Calculating the mass of nitrogen to the total mass of the compound and then expressing the result as a percentage will allow us to determine the percent by mass of nitrogen in NH3 (ammonia).

Ammonia's molecular structure, NH3, indicates that it is made up of one nitrogen atom (N) and three hydrogen atoms (H). We must take both the molar masses of nitrogen and ammonia into account when calculating the percent by mass of nitrogen.

Nitrogen's (N) molar mass is roughly 14.01 g/mol. The molar masses of nitrogen and hydrogen are added to determine the molar mass of ammonia (NH3). Since hydrogen's molar mass is around 1.01 g/mol, ammonia's molar mass is:

(3 mol H 1.01 g/mol) + (1 mol N 14.01 g/mol) = 17.03 g/mol = NH3.

Now, we can use the following formula to get the nitrogen content of ammonia in percent by mass:

(Mass of nitrogen / Mass of ammonia) / 100% is the percentage of nitrogen by mass.

Ammonia weighs 17.03 g/mol and contains 14.01 g/mol of nitrogen by mass. By entering these values, we obtain:

(14.01 g/mol / 17.03 g/mol) 100% 82.15 % of nitrogen by mass

Ammonia (NH3) has a nitrogen content that is roughly 82.15 percent by mass.

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Answer:

0.29 atm

Explanation: add both partial pressure and subtract from total pressure

Answer:

OOH a lot of points! too bad you scammed me :) its what you get i gueess

Explanation:

Answer:

The number of bees increased as the heat increased.

Explanation:

The line is on a steady increase.

Answer:

c and d

Explanation:

mitochondria and vacoule

Answer:

It is actually D and A

Explanation:

I took this assignment before on edge and the guy who said C and D is wrong