Suppose that the tax rate on personal income, tp, is equal to 40%; the corporate tax rate, tc, is equal to 35%; and the capital gains tax rate, tcg, is 20%. Also assume that the before-tax rate of return on investment to both the corporate and partnership form is 15% per year. These tax rates and investment returns are constant over time. On the basis of these facts, identify the following as true or false. (Support your answers with numerical examples.)

a. The annualized after-tax rate of return to investing in the corporate form increases with the length of the investor’s holding period. Explain.
b. The annualized after-tax rate of return to investing in the partnership form increases with the length of the partner’s holding period. Explain.
c. If a corporation paid out its entire after-tax profits as fully taxable dividends each year, shareholders would realize a lower before-tax rate of return than if the corporation retained the after-tax profits. Explain.
d. Because the corporate tax rate is below the personal tax rate, the corporate form is always preferred to the partnership form.
e. Because corporate income is subject to two levels of taxation, the partnership form is always preferred to the corporate form.

Solution :

a). The annualization after the tax returns by the investment in corporate from increases with a period of holding. It is true.

The reason is that the profits of the corporate are being taxed at a percentage of 35% instead of being taxed at 40% in the hands of the individual.

b). The statement is false because the annualization return on the investment would be less as the income of the firm will be taxed at the hands of individual for a rate of a personal income that is 40%. So after the annualization return of tax would be less tha in case of the partnership firm.

c). The statement is true. This is because the after the tax profit is distributed to the share holders that are again subjected to the tax in hands of the individual tax payer at 205 to 23.8%. But when the retained earnings are not given off as the dividends, then the net value of the shares will increase there by increasing the capital gains on the sales of the shares which are taxed at lower rate of 20%.

d). This statement is false. It is not that always the corporate firms are preferred, and as the dividends are again subjected to the tax at some different rates that depends on the tax rate of the personal incomes.

e) The statement is true. The corporate income is subjected to any two taxation levels so that the partnership firm is always preferred to corporate firm.

oneycutt Co. is comparing two different capital structures. Plan I would result in 39,000 shares of stock and $108,000 in debt. Plan II would result in 33,000 shares of stock and $324,000 in debt. The interest rate on the debt is 7 percent. a. Ignoring taxes, compare both of these plans to an all-equity plan assuming that EBIT will be $160,000. The all-equity plan would result in 42,000 shares of stock outstanding. What is the EPS for each of these plans

Sanders Co. is planning to finance an expansion of its operations by borrowing $49,200. City Bank has agreed to loan Sanders the funds. Sanders has two repayment options: (1) to issue a note with the principal due in 10 years and with interest payable annually or (2) to issue a note to repay $4,920 of the principal each year along with the annual interest based on the unpaid principal balance. Assume the interest rate is 9.5 percent for each option.
Required
a. What amount of interest will Sanders pay in year 1 under option 1 and under option 2?
Amount of Interest
Under option 1
Under option 2
b. Wihat anount of insyinyder option 1 and under option 27 (Round your final answers to the nearest dollar amount)
Amount of Interest
Under option 1
Under option 2
c. Which option is more advantageous to Sanders?
Option 1
Option 2

Plantwide Overhead Rate, Activity-Based Costing, Job Costs
Foto-Fast Copy Shop provides a variety of photocopying and printing services. On June 5, the owner invested in some computer-aided photography equipment that enables customers to reproduce a picture or illustration, input it digitally into the computer, enter text into the computer, and then print out a four-color professional quality brochure. Prior to the purchase of this equipment, Foto-Fast Copy Shop's overhead averaged $30,400 per year. After the installation of the new equipment, the total overhead increased to $83,600 per year. Foto-Fast Copy Shop has always costed jobs on the basis of actual materials and labor plus overhead assigned using a predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor hours. Budgeted direct labor hours for the year are 7,600, and the wage rate is $9 per hour.
Required:
1. What was the predetermined overhead rate prior to the purchase of the new equipment?
$ per direct labor hour
2. What was the predetermined overhead rate after the new equipment was purchased?
$ per direct labor hour
3. Suppose Rick Anselm brought in several items he wanted photocopied. The job required 600 sheets of paper at $0.03 each and 36 minutes of direct labor time. What would have been the cost of Rick's job on May 20? On June 20? If required, round your answers to the nearest cent. Round your intermediate computations to two decimals places and final answer to the nearest dollar
Total job cost
May 20 $
June 20 $
4. Suppose that the owner decides to calculate two overhead rates, one for the photocopying area based on direct labor hours as before, and one for the computer-aided printing area based on machine time. Estimated overhead applicable to the computer-aided printing area is $55,440, and forecasted usage of the machines is 2,100 hours. What are the two overhead rates? If required, round your answers to the nearest cent.

The Gecko Company and the Gordon Company are two firms whose business risk is the same but that have different dividend policies. Gecko pays no dividend, whereas Gordon has an expected dividend yield of 6 percent. Suppose the capital gains tax rate is zero, whereas the income tax rate is 40 percent. Gecko has an expected earnings growth rate of 10 percent annually, and its stock price is expected to grow at this same rate.

Required:
If the aftertax expected returns on the two stocks are equal (because they are in the same risk class), what is the pretax required return on Gordon’s stock?

Acort Industries owns assets that will have a 75% probability of having a market value of $52 million in one year. There is a 25% chance that the assets will be worth only $22 million. The current risk-free rate is 5%, and Acort's assets have a cost of capital of 10%. a) If Acort is unlevered, what is the current market value of its equity? b) Suppose instead that Acort has debt with a face value of $18 million due in one year. According to MM (i.e. perfect market), what is the value of Acort's equity in this case? c) What is the expected return of Acort's equity without leverage? What is the expected return of Acort's equity with leverage? d) What is the lowest possible realized return of Acort's equity with and without leverage?

QS 9-8 (Algo) Recording employer payroll taxes LO P3 Merger Co. has 10 employees, each of whom earns $1,700 per month and has been employed since January 1. FICA Social Security taxes are 6.2% of the first $132,900 paid to each employee, and FICA Medicare taxes are 1.45% of gross pay. FUTA taxes are 0.6% and SUTA taxes are 5.4% of the first $7,000 paid to each employee. Prepare the March 31 journal entry to record the March payroll taxes expense. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

Orange Corporation has gathered the following data on a proposed investment project: Investment in depreciable equipment $ 520,000 Annual net cash flows $ 78,000 Life of the equipment 10 years Salvage value $ 0 Discount rate 6 % The company uses straight-line depreciation on all equipment. Assume cash flows occur uniformly throughout a year except for the initial investment. The payback period for the investment would be: Multiple Choice 1.0 years 0.2 years 4.7 years 6.7 years

Two years ago, Kimberly became a 30 percent partner in the KST Partnership with a contribution of investment land with a $14,750 basis and a $22,650 fair market value. On January 2 of this year, Kimberly has a $20,700 basis in her partnership interest, and none of her pre-contribution gain has been recognized. On January 2 Kimberly receives an operating distribution of a tract of land (not the contributed land) with a $18,175 basis and an $26,075 fair market value.
a) What is the amount and character of Kimberly’s recognized gain or loss on the distribution?
b) What is Kimberly’s remaining basis in KST after the distribution?
c) What is KST’s basis in the land Kimberly contributed after Kimberly receives this distribution?

When a company uses a
allocation rate there is only one base for allocating all overhead costs to products or other cost objects.

Western Electric has 35,000 shares of common stock outstanding at a price per share of $85 and a rate of return of 12.70 percent. The firm has 7,600 shares of 8.40 percent preferred stock outstanding at a price of $98.00 per share. The preferred stock has a par value of $100. The outstanding debt has a total face value of $422,000 and currently sells for 114 percent of face. The yield to maturity on the debt is 8.26 percent. What is the firm's weighted average cost of capital if the tax rate is 40 percent

Winslow Inc. manufactures and sells three types of shoes. The income statements prepared under the absorption costing method for the three shoes are as follows:

Winslow Inc. Product Income Statements—Absorption Costing For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y1

1 Cross Training Shoes Golf Shoes Running Shoes
2. Revenues $850,000.00 $700,000.00 $635,000.00
3. Cost of goods sold 413,000.00 338,700.00 419,000.00
4. Gross profit $437,000.00 $361,300.00 $216,000.00
5. Selling and administrative expenses 389,000.00 257,900.00 359,500.00
6. Income (Loss) from operations $48,000.00 $103,400.00 ($143,500.00)

In addition, you have determined the following information with respect to allocated fixed costs:

1 Cross Training Shoes Golf Shoes Running Shoes
2 Fixed costs:
3 Cost of goods sold $128,500.00 $90,300.00 $120,500.00
4 Selling and administrative expenses 95,900.00 82,400.00 143,500.00

These fixed costs are used to support all three product lines and will not change with the elimination of any one product. In addition, you have determined that the effects of inventory may be ignored. The management of the company has deemed the profit performance of the running shoe line as unacceptable. As a result, it has decided to eliminate the running shoe line. Management does not expect to be able to increase sales in the other two lines. However, as a result of eliminating the running shoe line, management expects the profits of the company to increase by $54,200.


Required:
a. Do you agree with management’s decision and conclusions? Explain your answer. (Note: You may wish to complete part (b), the variable costing income statement, first.)
b. Prepare a variable costing income statement for the three products. Refer to the lists of Labels and Amount Descriptions for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the statement heading. A colon (:) will automatically appear if it is required. If a net loss is incurred, enter that amount as a negative number using a minus sign. Enter all other amounts as positive numbers.
c. Use the report in (b) to determine the profit impact of eliminating the running shoe line, assuming no other changes. Use the minus sign to indicate a decline in profit.

You wish to take an Excel course. You may enroll at one within your school or you may take a community class at the local library. You've gathered the following information to aid in your decision-making process.
Costs/Benefits College Course Community Course
Cost $2,600 $1,390
Distance to course 0.40 miles (walking distance) 16 miles (driving distance)
Timing of course Weekday Weekend
Number of meetings 16 8
Qualitative considerations Convenience, quality of instruction Flexibility, brief duration
If you enroll in the community class, you will be unable to work at your regular job on weekends for the eight weekend days when the class meets. If you typically earn $260 per weekend shift, which option would you choose (considering enrollment cost and opportunity cost)?
a) Neither alternative
b) College course
c) Community course
d) Both alternatives

Transformational leadership is a positive predictor of job performance and organizational commitment.

a. True
b. False

when originally issued, an investment in bonds of Flushing Dough, Inc., promised to provide an annual coupon of 7.50%. The bonds have 4 years until maturity, a market price of $735, and are expected to pay all coupon on time. At maturity, however, the bonds are only forecasted to pay 84% of their par value. What is the likely yield to maturity on the bonds

Iggy Company is considering three capital expenditure projects. Relevant data for the projects are as follows.
Project Investment Annual Income Life of Project
22A $243,500 $17,320 6 years
23A 271,400 20,600 9 years
24A 283,000 15,700 7 years
Annual income is constant over the life of the project. Each project is expected to have zero salvage value at the end of the project. Iggy Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation.
Determine the internal rate of return for each project. (Round answers 0 decimal places)

Lunar coast Incorporated issued BBB bonds two years ago that provided a yield to maturity of 12.5
percent. Long-term risk-free government bonds were yielding 8.5 percent at that time. The current
risk premium on BBB bonds versus government bonds is half of what it was two years ago. If the riskfree long-term government bonds are currently yielding 7.8 percent, then at what rate should Lunar
coast expect to issue new bonds

A machine cost $1104000, has annual depreciation of $184000, and has accumulated depreciation of $874000 on December 31, 2020. On April 1, 2021, when the machine has a fair value of $253000, it is exchanged for a machine with a fair value of $1242000 and the proper amount of cash is paid. The exchange had commercial substance. The new machine should be recorded at $1127000. $1242000. $989000. $1219000.

Highgrove Industries must decide which process technology to adopt, given the information below. Cost Technology A Technology B Technology C Price per unit $3 $3 $3 Fixed costs per year $80,000 $120,000 $130,000 Variable costs per unit $2.20 $1.85 $1.65 Which one of the process technologies would you recommend they adopt if the expected demand is 100,000 units

Hurte-Paroxysm Products, Inc. (HP) of the United States exports computer printers to Brazil, whose currency, the reals (symbol R$) havebeen trading at R$3.40/US$. Exports to Brazil are currently 50,000 printers per year at the reals equivalent of $200 each. A strong rumor exists that the reals will be devalued to R$4.00/$ within two weeks by the Brazilian government. Should the devaluation take place, the exchange rate isexpected to remain unchanged for the foreseeable future. Based on this forecast, HP Products may either (1) maintain the same realprice and sell for fewer dollars, in which case Brazilian volume will not change, or (2) maintain the same dollar price, raise the realprice in Brazil to compensate for the devaluation, and experience a 20% drop in volume. Direct costs in the U.S. are 60% of the U.S. sales price.

Required:
a. What would be the short-run (one-year) impact of each pricing strategy?
b. Which do you recommend?

If HP maintains the same real price and same unit volume, what will be the firm's gross profits?

Hewell Co. started 2020 with two assets: Cash of E200,000 (Euros) and Land that originally cost E252,000 when acquired on April 4, 2015. On April 1, 2020, the company rendered services to a customer for E75,000, an amount immediately paid in cash. On October 1, 2020, the company incurred an operating expense of E50,000 that was immediately paid. On October 1, 2020, they also declared and paid a dividend of E100,000 to their parent company. No other transactions occurred during the year, so an average exchange rate is not necessary. Currency exchange rates were as follows:

Exchange Rate Chart
April 4, 2015 §1 = $0.28
January 1, 2018 §1 = $0.29
May 1, 2018 §1 = $0.30
October 1, 2018 §1 = $0.31
December 31, 2018 §1 = $0.35

Assume Boerkian was a foreign subsidiary of a U.S. multinational company and the U.S. dollar was the functional currency of the subsidiary. Prepare a schedule of changes in the net monetary assets of Boerkian for the year 2018 and properly label the resulting gain or loss.

Given the following information: Percent of capital structure: Preferred stock 10 % Common equity (retained earnings) 40 Debt 50 Additional information: Corporate tax rate 34 % Dividend, preferred $ 7.00 Dividend, expected common $ 2.50 Price, preferred $ 104.00 Growth rate 8 % Bond yield 9 % Flotation cost, preferred $ 9.40 Price, common $ 76.00 Calculate the weighted average cost of capital for Digital Processing Inc.

The following information is available for Sunland Company for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Beginning cash balance $38,250
Accounts payable decrease 3,145
Depreciation expense 137,700
Accounts receivable increase 6,970
Inventory increase 9,350
Net income 241,485
Cash received for sale of land at book value 29,750
Cash dividends paid 10,200
Income taxes payable increase 3,995
Cash used to purchase building 245,650
Cash used to purchase treasury stock 22,100
Cash received from issuing bonds 170,000

Required:
Prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method.

Pearson Electric Company uses the high-low method to analyze mixed costs. The following information relates to the production data for the first six months of the year. Month Cost(Y) Hours(H) January $ 7,300 260 February $ 9,125 730 March $ 7,540 410 April $ 7,485 330 May $ 9,460 980 June $ 9,030 705 How should the cost function be properly stated using the high-low method?

You've observed the following returns on Crash-n-Burn Computer's stock over the past five years: 10 percent, -10 percent, 17 percent, 22 percent, and 10 percent. Suppose the average inflation rate over this period was 1.5 percent and the average T-bill rate over the period was 3 percent.
a. What was the average real return on Crash-n-Burn's stock?
b. What was the average nominal risk premium on Crash-n-Burn's stock?

Assume that you believe exchange rate movements are mostly driven by purchasing power parity. The U.S. and Canada presently have the same nominal (quoted) interest rate. The central bank of Canada just made an announcement that causes you to revise your estimate of Canada's real interest rate upward. Nominal interest rates were not affected by the announcement. Do you expect that the Canadian dollar to appreciate, depreciate, or remain the same against the dollar in response to the announcement

Birch Corp., a calendar-year corporation, was formed three years ago by its sole shareholder, James, who has operated it as an S corporation since its inception. Last year, James made a direct loan to Birch Corp. in the amount of $6,650. Birch Corp. has paid the interest on the loan but has not yet paid any principal. (Assume the loan qualifies as debt for tax purposes.) For the year, Birch experienced a $32,000 business loss.

What amount of the loss clears the tax basis limitation, and what is James?s basis in his Birch Corp. stock and Birch Corp. debt in each of the following alternative scenarios?

a. At the beginning of the year, James's basis in his Birch Corp. stock was $46,100 and his basis in his Birch Corp. debt was $6,600.
b. At the beginning of the year, James's basis in his Birch Corp. stock was $10,300 and his basis in his Birch Corp. debt was $6,600.
c. At the beginning of the year, James's basis in his Birch Corp. stock was $0 and his basis in his Birch Corp. debt was $6,600.

Use the following information for the Quick Study below. (The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
The Carlberg Company has two manufacturing departments, assembly and painting. The assembly department started 12,500 units during November. The following production activity unit and cost information refers to the assembly department's November production activities. Assembly Department Beginning work in process Units transferred out Ending work in process Units 3,000 10,000 5,500 Percent of Direct Materials Added 708 100% 803 Percent of Conversion 308 100% 30% $3,070 (includes $2,130 for direct materials and $940 for conversion) Beginning work in process inventory-Assembly dept Costs added during the month: Direct materials Conversion $ 20,910 $ 22,360 QS 16-13 Weighted average: Journal entry to transfer costs LO P4
Required: Prepare the November 30 journal entry to record the transfer of units (and costs) from the assembly department to the painting department. Use the weighted average method.

Question 2
Mt Jack is a director of a company from which he receives a salary of RM15.000 per month He
also received director's fees of RM5.000 during the year ended 31 December 2020 The
benefits provided to him included:
a Accommodation for which the company pays monthly rental of RM5 000 include
RM1,500 for the furniture
b. Employer's contribution to the Employee's Provident Fund of 13% of salary
c. A company new car costing RM150.000
d. A part-time gardener who is paid RM400 per month
A domestic servant who is paid RM500 per month
f Leave passage to Japan for Mr Jack and his family and the company paid RM5.000 for
their air fait
Mc Jack also received the following Malaysian income during the year ended 31 December
2020
a
Interest income of RM3.800 from a 15-month fixed deposit in a Maaysian bank
b Royalties of RM22 500 from the publisher of his book on taxation
c. Rental income of R12 500 per month. He also paid assessment and out rent of
RM1,350 per annum as well as cost of repairs amounting to RM4500 made up of
repainting (RM1,000) and extension of the kitchen RM3.500)
Mr Jack's wife earns a salary of RM6 200 per month. She is allowed to make use of a company
car (cost RM82 000) during office hours but is not allowed to drive it home She also has
interest income of RM850 from her savings account with Bank Simpanan Nasional She made a
cash donation of RM2 500 to an approved institution as well as donated books worth RM200
to the same institution
Required: Compute the aggregate income for by Mr Jack and his wife for the year of
assessment 2020 separate assessment)​

Allure Company manufactures and distributes two products, M and XY. Overhead costs are currently allocated using the number of units produced as the allocation base. The controller has recommended changing to an activity-based costing (ABC) system. She has collected the following information: Activity Cost Driver Amount M XY Production setups Number of setups $82,000 8 12 Material handling Number of parts 48,000 56 24 Packaging costs Number of units 130,000 80,000 50,000 $260,000 What is the total overhead per unit allocated to Product M using activity-based costing (ABC)

State the effect (cash receipt or payment and amount) of each of the following transactions, considered individually, on cash flows: Retired $400,000 of bonds, on which there was $3,000 of unamortized discount, for $411,000. Sold 20,000 shares of $5 par common stock for $22 per share. Sold equipment with a book value of $55,800 for $60,000. Purchased land for $650,000 cash. Purchased a building by paying $50,000 cash and issuing a $450,000 mortgage note payable. Sold a new issue of $500,000 of bonds at 98. Purchased 10,000 shares of $40 par common stock as treasury stock at $50 per share. Paid dividends of $1.50 per share. There were 1,000,000 shares issued and 120,000 shares of treasury stock.]
Amount
a. $
b. $
c. $
d. $
e. $
f. $
g. $
h. $