Tetrodotoxin is a potent toxin found in a variety of organisms including the pufferfish. The toxin binds to the extracellular side of the Na+ channel and prevents channel opening. This leads to paralysis of muscles, including the diaphragm. Death from respiratory failure can occur after ingestion of as little as 1 mg of the toxin. Why does this toxin cause paralysis? Question 7 options: The axon membranes become over-depolarized. The Na+ channels remain in the inactive, refractory state. The Na+ channel does not open wide enough to allow enough Na+ through the channel. The membrane depolarization is not amplified along the axon.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is - The membrane depolarization is not amplified along the axon.

Explanation:

Tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin present in the liver and gonads of Marine organisms. it can inhibit the soidum channels which means it blocks the entering of the sodium in the cells or neurons if consumed it and it can lead to neurological and gastrointestinal disorders.

These toxins block the signals to move along the nerves to muscles In absence of sodium action potential cannot be sent along the axon by blocking the sodium channels. This results in weakening and paralysis.


Related Questions

Can someone help me?

Answers

Answer:

1. lytic/losigenic cycle

2. Restriction enzymes (breaks) and DNA ligase (joins)

3.mitosis (creation of twin daughter cells)

4. mitosis had helped humans with cell growth and repais (and keeps a steady supply of new cells)

Explanation:

it first goes through the lytic cycle where one bacterium inserts it's own dna into a host (human cell) and into the human DNA and it starts multiplying inside human cells in the lysogenic cycle

To determine the density of a rabbit population, one would need to know the number of rabbits and __________. View Available Hint(s) To determine the density of a rabbit population, one would need to know the number of rabbits and __________. their pattern of dispersion the size of the region in which they live the factors that limit population growth for that rabbit population the growth rate of the population the birth rate

Answers

Answer:

The growth rate.

Explanation:

To determine the density of a rabbit population, one would need to know the number of rabbits and the growth rate of rabbit's population because both factors allow us to determined the population of rabbit in a specific region. If we know the existing population of rabbits in a particular area as well as the growth rate at which the rabbit population increases so we can find out the density of rabbit population in a specific time period.


2. Define biomagnfication.

Answers

Answer:

It is the gradual accumulation of substances

Three reasons that might have influenced authorities in the department of agriculture to use a higher percentage of Nguni on the communal and emerging sector of livestock farmers in South Africa in 2003

Answers

Answer:

Tolerance to heat, light and parasite.

Explanation:

Characteristics of tolerance to heat, light and parasite are the three reasons that might use a higher percentage of Nguni on the sector of livestock farmers in South Africa in 2003. The temperature of South Africa is extremely high which can be tolerated by the Nguni cattle due to its good characteristics. The Nguni cattle can bear extreme temperature, high intensity of light and resistance to parasites make it best suited for that environment.

One of the major function of the skin is the production of Vitamin D
True
False​

Answers

Answer:

one of the major function of the skin is a production of vitamin d false.

what is kranz anatomy in biology ?​

Answers

Answer:

This is what I found. So if you use this please reword it as your own.

Explanation:

Have a great summer

What are monoclonal antibodies and how do they work?

Answers

Answer:

Monoclonal antibodies can treat cancer as well as other illness such as the coronavirus by mimicking the body's immune system. They recognize and target specific proteins on cells. Some on cancer cells by basically blocking signals that tell cancer cells to divide.

Reproduction for dolphins and badgers and people is more complicated because
A. we have to apply for a license before we can reproduce

B. have to find a partner

C. go through the cellular process of MITOSIS to produce sex cells.

Answers

Answer:

B. have to find a partner

Explanation:

When two badgers get together and fall in love, a sperm cell from the father which contains a copy of half of his DNA, only half, combines with the egg cell of the mother, which contains half a copy of her DNA. The result is a brand new cell with all the information to divide and grow up into a brand new badger. The new child matures to be similar to our parents, but also unique, because she developed some traits from her mother’s DNA, and some from her father. Her new combination of traits can be passed on to her children, and again.

The microscopes we use today are far more complex than those first microscopes like the one used in the 1600s by Anton van
Leeuwenhoek. Despite the limitations of his simple microscope, van Leeuwenhoek observed some cells he termed
"animalcules." Robert Hooke then coined the term "cell" for the box-like structures he observed when viewing cork tissue
through a lens. Later advances in lenses, microscope construction, and staining techniques enabled other scientists to see
some components inside cells. Just as the microscope has been a work in progress with advances that have led to our current
technology, so the cell theory changed as new discoveries changed the understanding of cells.
Which of these contributed to the cell theory? Select ALL that apply.
A)
Robert Brown discovered the nucleus of plant cells.
B)
Matthias Schleiden discovered that plants are made of cells.
o)
Rudolf Virchow proved that cells come from preexisting cells.
D)
Theodor Schwann discovered that animals are composed of cells.
E)
Karl Rudolphi conducted experiments that proved cells had their own cell
walls.

Answers

The microscopes we use today are far more complex than those first microscopes like the one used in the 1600s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus of plant cells, and Karl Rudolphi conducted experiments that proved cells had their own cell walls.

What is microscope?

The instrument that is used to observe tiny particles as well as objects or cell of the body has been known as microscope. One lens in the microscope has been used to magnify the image at least once. The main function of the lens has to bend the light in the direction of the eye and forms the larger image of the object.

There are several types of microscope and these are electron microscope,scanning probe microscope, stereomicroscope, simple microscope, and light microscope.The main function of the lens has to bend the light in the direction of eye and forms the larger image of the object.

Each microscope have different function and ability to observe the object. As we know that the size of the cell has very small and it has impossible to observe it without microscope. So, microscope helps to observe the interior part of the cell and it will help in the study of different part of cell.

Therefore, The microscopes we use today are far more complex than those first microscopes like the one used in the 1600s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

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what is the vegetative body of a rhizopus?​

Answers

Answer:

Rhizopus fungi are characterized by a body of branching mycelia composed of three types of hyphae: stolons, rhizoids, and usually unbranching sporangiophores. The black sporangia at the tips of the sporangiophores are rounded and produce numerous nonmotile multinucleate spores for asexual reproduction.

Which of these groups is the smallest level of classification?
O A. Class
O B. Order
O C. Family
O D. Phylum

Answers

Answer:

family

Explanation:

It is C Family


Explanation

Biological knowledge is important in all of the following except

Answers

Answer:

both a body of knowledge and an intellectual activity encompassing observation, description experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomenon.

Explanation:

Where are temperatures rising fastest due to global warming?
a.
At the equator
c.
In the Pacific ocean
b.
In the arctic
d.
In the Amazon basin


Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
B
C

Answers

in the arctic, global warming is a massive issue that is melting the ice caps.

As surface water in a lake cools from 4 °C to 0 °C, the water expands and becomes less dense. Why is this change in the water beneficial to the organisms living in the lake? As the water cools to freezing, spaces form between water molecules, providing microhabitats for small organisms. Frozen surface water insulates the water below it, maintaining a habitat where organisms can overwinter. Cooler water is less viscous than warmer water, making it easier for organisms to move through the water. Less dense water holds more dissolved compounds, keeping water from freezing so organisms survive winter.

Answers

Answer:

As the water cools to freezing, spaces form between water molecules, providing microhabitats for small organisms.

Explanation:

This change in the water is beneficial to the organisms living in the lake because the water which freezes formed spaces between water molecules, that providing microhabitats for small organisms. The cold temperature causes formation of ice crystals on the surface of water which work as an insulator whereas the lower part of the water remain warm and the organisms can survive in that environment.

Which countries have the largest carbon footprints in the Oceanic, Asian, European, Caribbean/Central American, South American, North American regions? Include reasons why. (Please don't answer if you don't know)

Answers

Answer:

Asia - China (followed by India)

north America - USA (closely followed by canada)

european - Russia ( followed by Germany)

oceanic - Australia

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Which choice BEST explains why each island in the Galapagos has unique kinds of iguanas?

A. Iguanas prefer a marine environment.

O B. Some iguanas are better swimmers than others.

O C. The species arrived on the islands in different ways.

OD. The species adapted to each island's unique habitat.

Answers

OD because they acquired adapted traits to better suit them in their environment

The statement that explains each island in the Galapagos has unique kinds of iguanas is that the species adapted to each island's unique habitat. The correct option is D.

What is adaptation?

Adaptation is defined in biology as a heritable behavioral, morphological, or physiological trait that has evolved through natural selection and maintains or increases an organism's fitness under a given set of environmental conditions.

To survive, all organisms must adapt to their surroundings. This entails adapting to the climatic conditions of the ecosystem, predators, and other species that compete for the same food and space.

The marine iguana is the only lizard in the world that can live and forage at sea, and it is only found in the Galapagos Islands.

There are eleven very similar subspecies found on various islands, with Isabela and Fernandina having the most. The species adapted to the distinct habitats of each island.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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Fill in the blank to complete each statement.
The land that supplies water to a river system is called a___
Pollution from a single, identifiable source is called____
source pollution
Pollution that is difficult to link to a particular origin is called______ source pollution


Answers

Watershed, Point, Nonpoint

I hope this helped good luck!

Answer:

other guy is right

Explanation:

4. Which makes up most of Earth's surface? (1) the
atmosphere (2) the lithosphere (3) the hydrosphere
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3

Answers

Answer:

3) hydrosphere

Explanation:

About 71 percent of the Earth's surface is water

help pls will give brainliest

Answers

Answer:

6 months

Explanation:

1 years is full round 6 months is half

Answer:

6 months

Explanation:

Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes 365.256 days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi).

Magnetic __?_______ don't exist.

Answers

Answer:

Those materials which are not attracted by a magnet are called non- magnetic materials. All the substances other than iron, nickel, and Cobalt are non-magnetic substances for example plastic, rubber, water, etc are nonmagnetic materials. Non-magnetic substances cannot be magnetized.

What are chromosomes ? explain​

Answers

Explanation:

sana po makatulong sainyo

Question

What are chromosomes?

Answer:

Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of both animal and plant cells. Protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA). DNA is passed along from parents to children and carries the precise instructions that distinguish each living thing.

The word "chromosome" is derived from the Greek terms "chroma" and "body" (soma).

--------------------------hope it helps...have a great day!!

Consider this plant cell. The organelles in a plant cell are labeled. Part G is the middle layer of the cell. Which organelle is labeled G?

Answers

Answer:

Hi. You didn't show the picture that shows organelle G, but since you showed that organelle is the middle layer of the cell, we can say that it is the plasma membrane.

Explanation:

In general, we can state that the plant cell has three layers, the cell wall, the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the inner layer, where most of the organelles and the cell nucleus are located. Above the cytoplasm is the plasma membrane, which is semi-permeable and promotes the regulation of the entry and exit of substances from within the cell. Above this membrane is the cell wall, which is an impermeable structure that protects the cell and promotes its rigidity. In this case, we can consider that the middle layer of the cell is the plasma membrane.

1) What is the term for the product that results from hydrocarbons that react with
other chemicals and sunlight?

photochemical smog

gaseous emissions

particulate matter

carbon monoxide


2) What is the colorless , oder less gas that binds red blood cells causing the body not to get the oxygen it needs?

hydrocarbons

carbon monoxide

photochemical smog

gaseous emissions


3) which of the following are ways that pollution is be controlled? (Choose all that apply)

Automobiles have been built to release less pollutants in the air

Industrial factories have been closed down

residential properties must use solar energy to power homes

clean air acts have been established that reduce the amount of poullutants released from the industrial processes.

Answers

Answer:

photochemical smog

2).carbon monoxide

3).clean air acts have been established Reduce the amount of pollutants released from the industrial process

Explanation:

Photochemical smog is used for the product that results from hydrocarbons that react with other chemicals and sunlight.

What do you mean by photochemical smog?

Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities.

Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car exhaust, coal power plants, and factory emissions.

Photochemical smog can have a tremendous impact on humans, animals, plants, and materials. The harmful substance can hinder photosynthesis, thus inhibiting plant growth.

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This equation is unbalanced. Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for this reaction?

Answers

Answer:

There is no any unbalanced equation

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Describe the course of the water cycle which formed in Biosphere 2

Answers

The sun warms the ocean surface and other surface water, causing liquid water to evaporate and ice to sublime. It turn directly from a solid to a gas. These sun driven processes move water into the atmosphere in the form of water vapor.

The sun warms the ocean surface and other surface water, causing liquid water to evaporate and ice to sublime. It turn directly from a solid to a gas.

These sun driven processes move water into the atmosphere in the form of water vapor.

Describe two ways that water moves through Earth’s biosphere in the water cycle?

Some ways that water moves through the Earth's biosphere in the water cycle evaporation, combustion, decay, and respiration.

Thus, These sun driven processes move water into the atmosphere in the form of water vapor.

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Identifying an individual's genetically influenced health risks could increase their potential to achieve optimal health.

Answers

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Yes, Identifying an individual's genetically influenced health risks could increase their potential to achieve optimal health because necessary steps can be taken in order to prevent the disease from more spreading and cause damaged to the body. Identification of genetical disease can be prevented to cause damage if the factors that triggers the disease can be avoided so we can conclude that identification of genetically influenced health risks can increase the chances of getting good health.

Answer:

true

Explanation:


Identify the steps of the lytic cycle.
The pieces made in replication are
assembled to complete the new virus
particles
The new viral nucleic acid and viral
proteins are replicated
The virus attaches to the host cell.
The original virus releases a protein that
causes the cell wall to burst (lysis), killing
the cell and releasing viruses.
The host's DNA is disassembled and the
virus takes over the cell's metabolic
activity

Answers

All the given steps are of lytic cycle.

Lytic cycle is used by a bacteriophage to reproduce inside a bacteria.Bacteriophage are the viruses.

What is lytic cycle?

The lytic cycle is production of new phage progeny and death of the host bacterial cell, this is a multistep process involving precise coordination of gene transcription and physical processes.

The six stages are:

Attachment.Penetration. Transcription. Biosynthesis. Maturation. Lysis.

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Answer: c b e d a

Explanation:

Which of these is an example of nonpoint-source pollution?
A. A textile factory
B. A city's traffic
C. An oil refinery
O D. A car repair shop

Answers

Answer:

I hope that the answer should be C. An oil refinery

Answer:

The answer is indeed C) An oil refinery

Explanation:

For each of the following elements, write the chemical symbol, the atomic number, the atomic mass, the number of protons, and the number of neutrons. Don’t forget to round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number.

Plutonium

Chromium

Neon

Gold

Radon

Answers

Answer:

neon bc neon is it PEriot and don't forget to round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number in assuming this is one ur assignments

Answer:

here are your answers :)

Explanation:

Dynein feet Group of answer choices are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets. are knobs of carbohydrate that are essential to the movement of cilia and flagella. are present in cilia but not in flagella. are the anchoring proteins in basal bodies.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets.

Explanation:

Dynein feet or arm is made up of dyneins a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that present on microtubules in flagella or cilia or both and drives the beating motion of cilia and flagella.

These form the rows of arms or feet inside and outside, associated with the doublet microtubules of motile cilia that produce microtubule sliding to move along. It gets its energy through ATP hydrolysis.

Other Questions
By the beginning of January the drill was down to 1,200 feet. On January 10, 1901, the drill was lowered into the hole, and within minutes, the well exploded. A messy shower of mud and four tons of drill pipe shot out of the hole. Then came a roar of gas and a sound like a cannon shot. Finally, a big fountain of oil gushed up out of the hole and almost drowned the crew. The noise stampeded cows several miles away. The gusher could be seen for ten miles.What event is taking place in the reading?A. The gusher Spindeltop is discovered in Texas.B. Cattle stampeded and ruined an oil field.C. Poorly laid railroad track caused a wreck.D. Texans and Mexican battle using cannons and pipes and weapons. Question 1. Construction on the first transcontinental railroad began during _____A. American Revolution B. War of 1812C. Civil WarQuestion 2. The railroad line connected the west coast to existing lines in _____A. IowaB. KansasC. Nebraska Question 3. The city _____ was chosen as the final destination A. SeattleB. Sacramento C. San Francisco A tortoise is walking in the desert. . It walks for 7 minutes at a speed of 8.75 meters per minute. For how many meters does it walk ? Give the name (monomial,binomial, trinomial etc.) anddegree of the polynomial.4x5 + 3x3 7x 9) Acharacter changes as a result of the conflict of the story.flatdynamicfoilstaticminor Help me please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The graph below shows the population of mice living in a certain area over fifteen years Which numeral on the graph points to a time when the birth rate exceeded the death rate of the mice? IIIIIIIV The Incan poeple made knives, chisels, and bells from_____________. A) gold B) silver C) bronze D) steel What impression of grandmotherdoes the speaker give in the poem? the angle of elevation of the top of an elevator pole to a man standing 10m from it is 60. find the height of the pole Please HelpWhat do I say if somebody thinks I don't care about them and why they should care about me even though I do care about them and now they want me to write down why they should care please help this is a serious question don't give me some bs answer that doesn't actually help me like saying "I do care" Easy please help me with this assignment how do you think worldview, culture, and beliefs are expressed in modern art (imagery, movies, books, songs, sculptures, etc.)? give examples to support ur answer. i would really appreciate anyone's help asap, thanks in advance! Lack of financial security Difficulty in securing variety of financial services Increased financial costsWho is being described?A)travelersB)immigrantsounbanked peopleDundocumented workers what are the characteristics or properties that you can use to classify elements The local theater sells tickets to its plays at a rate of $38 each. Patrons who attend multiple shows are encouraged to buy an annual membership for $80. Members are able to buy tickets at a discounted rate of $20 each. Roger expects to attend 6 shows this year. Grace expects to attend 4 shows. Who would benefit from buying a membership this year?neither Grace nor Rogeronly Graceonly Rogerboth Grace and Roger If f(x) = x3 + 5, then what is the remainder when f(x) is divided by x + 3? Do i really have to write this? How do scientists test their ideas Explain why energy cannot escape from the room by conduction