Alkyl halides are produced by adding HBr to alkenes.The pi bond of the alkene functions as a weak nucleophile & reacts with electrophilic proton of HBr, which is a helpful way to conceptualize the reaction.
How intermediates are involved in the bromination or alkene and what is the reaction mechanism?A 3-membered ring intermediate is produced as a result of the alkene acting as a nucleophile in this reaction and attacking the electrophilic bromine.The carbon that is most capable of stabilizing positive charge then is attacked from of the back side [akin to a backside attack inside the SN2 Mechanism] to produce the trans product.
Which one of the following statements accurately describes how an alkene and HBr react when peroxide is present?The free-radical mechanism governs the addition reaction with HBr to an asymmetrical alkene inside the presence of peroxide.Here, an alkene interacts with a bromine radical to make an anti-Markovnikov product.
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The percent composition of a given element in a compound is the number of _______ in one mole of that compound.
The percent composition of a given element in a compound is the number of molar mass in one mole of that compound.
What is meant the percent composition of a compound?The percentage of each element in a compound measured by mass is known as the composition. A compound's chemical formula can also be used to estimate its % makeup. To start, the formula's subscripts are employed to determine how much of each element there is in a mole of the compound.
How can you determine an element's percentage makeup in a compound?Percentage Composition. Find the molar mass in grams per mole of each component in the compound. Find the compound's total molecular weight. Divide the total molecular mass by the molar mass of the component. Your new number will range from 0 to 1. To obtain the percent composition, multiply it by 100%.
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In solid NaCI, each sodium ion is surrounded by six chlorine ions and each chlorine ion is surrounded by six sodium ions. This arrangement results in a ?
The chlorine and sodium atoms in this configuration form a crystal lattice, a crystal structure made up of powerful ionic bonds.
What is a crystal lattice?The symmetrical, three-dimensional structural configuration of points representing atoms, ions, or molecules that make up a crystalline solid is known as the crystal lattice.
It can be characterized as the spatial geometrical arrangement of the atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the crystalline solid.
The cubic lattice of rock salt, NaCl, which has half of its lattice points occupied by sodium atoms and half by chlorine atoms, is one of the most prevalent structures.
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The answer to my English work
Answer: The use of inclusive language is an important way to reflect the diverse nature of a given society. Non-discriminatory language avoids false assumptions about people and helps to promote respectful relationships. A commitment to inclusive language is an important attribute of a modern, diverse and inclusive society.
Explanation:
Sort the following transitions from an excited state to a ground state according to the series into which they fall. Drag the appropriate transitions to their respective bins of lyman series, balmer series, or paschen series. The following transition are n=5 to n=2, n=7 to n=2, n=5 to n=1, n=7 to n=1, n=3 to n=2, n=4 to n=3
The following transition are n=5 to n=2 is balmer series, n=7 to n=2 is balmer series, n=5 to n=1 is lyman series, n=7 to n=1 is lyman series, n=3 to n=2 is balmer series, n=4 to n=3 is paschen series.
Energy level diagrams show us the various series of lines found in the hydrogen atom's spectrum. The diagram's horizontal lines represent various energy levels. An electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as shown by the vertical lines.
It is crucial that each transition correspond to a specific characteristic wavelength, as shown in the diagram. As a result, various transitions result in various line series. Among the different series acquired are the Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett, Pfund, and Henry series, to name a few.
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how boyle's temperature is related to Vander waal's constants a and b?
The ratio of Boyle's temperature and critical temperature is 278. both a and b are present in Boyle's temperature.
What is boyles temperature ?Boyle temperature can be defined as the point in the temperature range in which a real gas starts to behave like an ideal gas at a pressure range.
The temperature at which the second coefficient in the expression becomes zero is also known as a Boyle temperature.
In Boyle's Temperature , TB=aRb.
Critical Temperature , TC=8a27Rb.
a and b are van der Waal's constants. R is molar gas constant. The Ratio of both temperatures
= TB/TC = aRb/8a27Rb
Both the critical temperature and boyles temperature have the Vander Waal's constant 'a' and 'b'.
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Perform the following mathematical operation, and report the answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.
1204.2 + 4.72613 = [?]
The answer is not 1208.92613
1208.9213 not then what's the answer
Start at a graded potential then explain as it turns into an action potential and ends in release of a neurotransmitter. include chemically gated channels, voltage gated channels, sodium gates, potassium gates, and sodium potassium pump, nodes, myelin, and saltatory conduction in your answer.
All of the gated potassium and sodium channels are shut off during the resting state (the period preceding an action potential).
What impacts the body does salt have?A little amount of sodium is needed by the human body to convey nerve impulses, contract & relax muscles, and keep the right ratio of water and minerals. We are thought to require 500 mg of sodium everyday for these essential processes.
What does food sodium mean?
Many foods include the mineral sodium. Your body needs salt to maintain healthy neuron and muscle function. The balance of body fluids is also maintained. Sodium chloride is used to make the majority of table salts. Therefore, salt used to season or prepare food typically contains sodium.
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8. Rajat read the weather forecast of the coming week of July as shown here. Which of these items will
most probably be used by him in such weather?
Monday-Rainy
Tuesday-Rainy
Wednesday-Party cloudy
Thursday-Cloudy
Friday-Party cloudy
a. umbrella, raincoat and woolen socks
b. Raincoat, gumboots and woollen gloves
c. Raincoat, umbrella and gumboots
d. Umbrella, gumboots and sweater
b) Raincoats, gumboots, woollen gloves will most probably be used by Rajat in rainy and partly and cloudy weather.
The raincoat is easy to manage and mouldable on a cloudy day we can carry it in your bag easily, whereas the umbrella is hard to handle if you drive.
Gumboots help us in the cool climate they can be able to cover our feet from the water on roads. If you have woollen gloves, they will help you to guard your hands and makes you feel warm, which you need in cold and rainy weather. Carrying a pair of woollen gloves in cold weather is helpful.
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Sam and Isaac are walking outside and come upon some mushrooms in the grass. Sam says that the mushrooms are plants, and Isaac says the mushrooms are not plants. Who is correct? Provide two pieces of evidence to support your answer
Answer:
Isaac is correct because mushrooms aren't actually plants they are fungi and they make their own food using photosynthesis (suns energy)
7. Are the following chemical equations balanced or unbalanced? Balance
any unbalanced equations.
a. 2KClO3 → KCl +30₂
b. Fe+O₂ → FeO
c. 2Li+ Cl₂ → 2LiCl
d. NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
Answer:
a. 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
Explanation:
Calculate the percent composition of H3PO4
The percent composition of hydrogen, phosphorous and oxygen in phosphoric acid is 3.06 %,31.60%,65.31 % respectively.
What is percent composition?Percent composition is defined as a convenient way to record concentration of solution.It is a expression which relates solute to solvent as,mass of solute/mass of solution ×100.There are two types of percentage composition percent weight by volume and percent volume by volume .
Percent composition of hydrogen=3/97.99×100=3.06%.
Percent composition of phosphorous=30.97/97.99×100=31.60%
Percent composition of oxygen=64/97.99×100=65.31%
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If we slowly add a solution containing several different aqueous halide ions to a solution of silver ions: Select the correct answer below: only one precipitate will form a number of precipitates will form no precipitate will form impossible to predict
The silver chloride will ppt first as the solution containing several different aqueous halide ions to a solution of silver ions will lead to silver PPT.
Sodium chloride answer is introduced to silver nitrate answer and a white precipitate of silver chloride is straight away formed. The silver nitrate answer is round 0.1M, and the sodium chloride answer round 0.5M.
When the soluble silver(I) nitrate salt answer is mixed with the soluble sodium chloride salt answer, a white precipitate of silver(I) chloride is produced. The bulk of the precipitate seems withinside the shape of a suspended cloud of white solids.
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Use coefficients to increase the atoms on each side.
Check to make sure you have the same number of each type of atom on each side. Count the atoms on each side.
Identify the atoms on each side.
opit
1
2
3
4
By counting the atoms on each side, the right order for solving the equation will be 3, 4, 2, and 1. Decide which atoms are on each side, make sure there are an equal number of each sort of atom on each side, and then utilize coefficients to add more atoms to each side.
What does "balanced chemical reaction" mean?The number of atoms involved in the reactants and products sides of the chemical equation must match for the equation to be considered balanced.
In this particular chemical process, for instance, nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H) combine to create ammonia (NH3). Nitrogen and hydrogen are the reactants, and ammonia is the end result.
Chemical reactions must be in balance in order to adhere to the law of conservation of mass, which stipulates that mass cannot be created or destroyed.
the proper method for calculating the number of atoms on either side of the equation. Make a list of the atoms on each side.
Check to make sure that each side has the same number of each sort of atom, and then use coefficients to add more atoms to each side.
As a result, 3, 4, 2, and 1 are the proper order.
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Suppose that a certain fortunate person has a net worth of $77.0 billion ($ 7.70×1010 ). If her stock has a good year and gains $3.20 billion ( 3.20×109 ) in value, what is her new net worth?
Express your answer to three digits.
The new net worth of the person is equal to 80.2 × 10⁹.
What are significant digits?Significant figures can be used to generate numbers that will be written in the form of digits. We can also evaluate the number of significant digits by counting the numbers from the 1st non-zero digit placed on the left.
In the case of addition or subtraction, the number of significant figures will be the same as the value with the fewest significant digits.
Given, the net worth of the person, A = 77 billion = $ 77 × 10⁹
The person's stock gains in the following year, I = $ 3.20 billion
I = $ 3.20 × 10⁹
The new net worth of the person, A(new) = A + I
A (new) = 77 × 10⁹ + 3.20 × 10⁹
A (new) = $ 80.2 × 10⁹
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4.) Based on the following data, what is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of the chloride ion at 298 K?
(R = 8.314 J/(K · mol))
PbCl2(s) → Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq);
Ksp = 1.7 × 10–5
∆G°f (kJ/mol) at 298 K
Pb2+(aq) –24.4
PbCl2(s) –314.1
Answer:
Explanation:
Based on the following data, what is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of the sulfate ion at 298 K? (R = 8.31 J/(K ∙mol))
PbSO4(s) Pb2+(aq) + SO42–(aq); Ksp = 1.7 × 10–8
Substance ΔG°f (kJ/mol) at 298 K
Pb2+(aq)
–24.4
PbSO4(s)
–813.0
–788.6 kJ/mol
–793.1 kJ/mol
–837.4 kJ/mol
–744.3 kJ/mol
832.9 kJ/mol
Which student’s observations would prove more useful to a chemist?
Answer:
Because a statistic is based on data gathered through random sampling, which is a random experiment, it is a random variable. Therefore, Luisa's observations would prove more useful to a chemist.
Explanation:
An object moving with a speed of 24 m/s has a kinetic energy of 356 J, what is the mass of the object.
Taking into account the definition of kinetic energy, the object moving with a speed of 24 m/s and a kinetic energy of 356 J has a mass of 1.236 kg.
Definition of kinetic energyKinetic energy is defined as the energy associated with bodies that are in motion.
Kinetic energy is defined as the amount of work necessary to accelerate a body of a certain mass and in a position of rest, until it reaches a certain speed.
Kinetic energy is represented by the following expression:
Ec = 1/2×m×v²
Where:
Ec is kinetic energy, which is measured in Joules (J).m is mass measured in kilograms (kg).v is velocity measured in meters over seconds (m/s).Mass of the objetc in this caseIn this case, you know:
Ec= 356 Jm= ?v= 24 m/sReplacing in the definition of kinetic energy:
356 J = 1/2× m× (24 m/s)²
Solving:
356 J÷ [1/2× (24 m/s)²]= m
1.236 kg= m
Finally, the mass of the object is 1.236 kg.
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Select the part whose main job is to control which substances enter and leave an animal cell.
The cell membrane, which is a component of the cell, regulates which substances enter and leave an animal cell.
The cell membrane, a thin, pliable wall that encircles the cell and serves as a gatekeeper, allows some substances to flow through while blocking the passage of others. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which includes proteins that serve as channels and pumps to control how chemicals enter and exit cells.
As it enables the cell to take in nutrients, excrete waste, and communicate with other cells, the cell membrane is crucial for preserving the integrity and function of the cell. Additionally, it offers structural support and aids in shielding the cell from harm.
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One of the factors that influences the rate of any chemical reaction is the collision rate of the reactants. a. Identify the variables that influence the rate at which reactants collide. b. Explain how each of these variables can increase the rate of a chemical reaction.
According to the collision theory, temperature, strain of gaseous reactants, and the attention of the reactants have an effect on the range of collisions and the range of powerful collision over the time.
These elements are the character of the reactants, attention, floor area, temperature and catalysts. Each of those elements will increase response charge due to the fact they boom the range or strength of collisions.There are 5 widespread residences that could have an effect on the charge of a response:The attention of the reactants.
The greater focused the quicker the charge. Temperature. Physical kingdom of reactants. The presence (and attention/bodily form) of a catalyst (or inhibitor).
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In each reaction box, select the best reagent and conditions from each list. 1. reagent 1 2. reagent 2 3. reagent 3 Br
AlCl3-CH3Cl is the right response, 1) 2) HNO3 and H2SO4 at ambient temperature 3) HNO3-H2SO4 fuming at temperatures of 90–100 0 C. I believe that benzene is being converted in this process to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
Give an example of reagent.A reagent is a chemical or combination that is used to determine if another material is present or absent, typically by observing a change in color, or to calculate the concentration of a substance.
A chemical reaction's reagent is what?In the field of chemical chemistry, a reagent is defined as "a material or compound given to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction or is added to verify whether a reaction has happened or not." The presence of another chemical can be detected and confirmed using a response like this.
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Determine the volume (in mL) of water that needs to be added to 50.0 mL of a 0.600 M LiBr to produce a 0.145 M solution. Assume the volumes are additive.
The components MaVa=MbVb is utilized in this
dilution problem. The preliminary 50.00 mL
answer desires to be diluted from 0.six hundred M to 0.145 M through the addition of 0.597 mL.
The components MaVa-MbVb is used
Ma = 0.6M
V_ = 50ml
Mb = 0.145M
Vb = (50 + Xml)
MaVa = MbVb
(0.six hundred)(50.00)=(0.one hundred forty five)(50.00+X)
30 - 0.one hundred forty five = (50 + x)
29.85/50 = X
X = 0.597 ml.
Dilution has no impact at the solute attention in an answer. The moles of the solute do now no longer alternate while a solvent is introduced to an answer, however the attention of the answer (in molarity and in all different units) and its quantity do. Taking an answer of better attention and step by step including water till the favored attention is acquired is an average approach for growing an answer of a particular attention. This method is called.
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which of the following will change the pressure in a reaction involving only gases at equilibrium? select all that apply. multiple select question.
A reactant or product being added to or removed Variations in the container's volume Addition of an inert gas
How would you define "gasses" in this situation?Dangerous gas emissions are also coming from the planet's surface. Human activity has caused the atmosphere's quantities of carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, and nitrous oxide to rise dramatically above pre-industrial levels.
In the singular, what does the word "gas" mean?The plural version of the word "gas" is "gase," and it refers to a substance that expands to fill any container. Many distinct meanings can be assigned to third-person present tense verbs, such as "gasses."
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Use the data given below to construct a Born-Haber cycle to determine the second ionization energy of Ca. Δ H°(kJ) Ca(s)→Ca(g) 193 Ca(g)→Ca (g) e− 590 2O(g)→O2(g) - 498 O(g) e−→O−(g) -141 O−(g) e−→O2−(g) 878 Ca(s) 12O2(g)→CaO(s) -635 Ca2 (g) O2−(g)→CaO(s) - 3414
A.1010 kJ
B.1508 kJ C.-1514 kJ D.-3027 kJ E.1757 kJ
The second ionization energy of Calcium is A)1010 kJ.So,correct option is A.
We have some data like
the enthalpy of formation of calcium oxide(CaO) as -635 kJ,the first ionization energy of calcium IE₁= 590 kJ,the first electron affinity energy of oxygen EA₁ = -141 kJ,the dissociation energy of oxygen DE = 249 kJ,the second electron affinity of oxygen EA₂ = 878 kJ,the lattice energy of calcium oxide(CaO) U = -3414 kJFor calculating the second ionization of calcium we need to write down the proper Born-Haber cycle equation which is
Δ[tex]H_f[/tex]= SE + IE₁ + IE₂ + DE + EA₁ + EA₂ + LE
=>-635KJ=590KJ+(-141KJ)+IE₂ + 249KJ+878KJ-(-3414KJ)
=>IE₂= - 590KJ + (-141)KJ - 249KJ - 878KJ + 3414KJ -635KJ
=>IE₂= -2352KJ + 3414KJ + 52KJ
=>IE₂=1010KJ
Hence, our required second ionization energy of Calcium is A)1010 kJ.
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How to recover Aluminum from brass through melting
Answer:
you can do so by pouring it into a vibrating seperator
In a double replacement reaction, why will two metals not combine with each other when products are formed
In a double replacement reaction, two metals will not combine with each other when products are formed because the metals form positive ions that do not attract.
The correct option is C.
What is a double replacement reaction?A double replacement reaction is a reaction in which there is an exchange of radicals between two compounds when a solution of the compounds is mixed together.
In a double replacement reaction, a precipitate is always formed when the two solutions of the compounds are mixed together.
During a double replacement reaction, the metallic ions exchange their negative radicals to form new compounds.
In accordance with the law of charges, similar charges do not attract each other, hence, the opposite ions of the metals and the negative radicals are attracted to each other.
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of the following functional groups, which one is known as the AMINO GROUP? O -NH2 O -COOH O -OH O -SH
The amino groups in the following functional groups are NH2 as the main amino groups.
This approach that an amino institution includes one nitrogen atom and hydrogen atoms bonded via covalent bonds. Amino organizations include nitrogen to hydrogen unmarried bonds. This purposeful institution is the principle thing of amino acids.
The molecular method of an amino institution is NH2. Amines are derived from ammonia (NH3).The substituent −NH 2 is referred to as an amino institution. Compounds with a nitrogen atom connected to a carbonyl institution, therefore having the shape R−CO−NR′R″, are referred to as amides and feature extraordinary chemical residences from amines.
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In which of the following ways are the processes that occur in electrolytic cells the opposite of those occuring in galvanic cells? Select all that apply. O In electrolytic cells, chemical energy is produced from electrical energy. In galvanic cells, the converse is true. O Electrolytic cells contain nonspontaneous reactions, while the reactions in galvanic cells are spontaneous. O In electrolytic cells, reduction occurs at the anode rather than at the cathode (as it does in galvanic cells). O In electrolytic cells, the cathode is negatively charged, while the anode is positively charged (the reverse is true for galvanic cells)
The electrolytic cells, chemical energy is produced from electrical energy. In galvanic cells, the converse is true for the processes that occur in electrolytic cells the opposite of those occuring in galvanic cells.
There are sorts of electrochemical cells: galvanic, additionally referred to as Voltaic, and electrolytic. Galvanic cells derives its electricity from spontaneous redox reactions, whilst electrolytic cells contain non-spontaneous reactions and as a result require an outside electron supply like a DC battery or an AC energy supply.
Here, the redox response is spontaneous and is liable for the manufacturing of electrical electricity. The redox response isn't spontaneous and electric electricity needs to be furnished to provoke the response.
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Which of the following upon reacting with oxygen would form the greatest amount of carbon dioxide? a) n-pentane b) isopentane c) neopentane d) two of the above would form equal amounts e) all (a-c) of the above would form equal amounts
Upon reacting with oxygen would form the greatest amount of carbon dioxide e) all (a-c) of the above would form equal amounts.
Isomer are compound which are same molecular formula but different structural formula. The isomers of pentane are n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane, they have same molecular formula but the arrangement of atoms is different. Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C5H12—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms.
Thus, Upon reacting with oxygen would form the greatest amount of carbon dioxide will be the same in all isomers.
Thus, the correct option is e.
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A carbon atom has a relative atomic mass of
13.3. 60% of the carbon atom has a mass
number of 12.7, 30% of the carbon atom has a
mass number of 13.6, whilst the remaining 10%
has a mass number which is not known.
Calculate the mass number of the carbon isotope
which is 10% of the Carbon 13.3 atom.
Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
According to the claim, the carbon isotope that is 10% of something like the carbon 13.3 molecule has a mass number of 15.1.
Where can you find carbon?The majority of carbon is kept in reservoirs, or sources, such rocks and sediments; the remaining portion is kept in the atmosphere, the seas, and living things. Through the respiration of both and animals, carbon is returned to the atmosphere. Burning things like wood, oil, and gas also releases it.
Briefing:Since all carbon isotopes have an equal atomic mass of 13.3,
(0.60 * 13.3) + (0.3 * 12.7) + (0.1 * x) = 13.3
11.79 + 0.1x = 13.3
x = 15.1
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Infants born with severe respiratory problems are sometimes given liquid ventilation. They breathe a liquid that can dissolve more oxygen than air can hold. One of these liquids is a flourinated compound, CF3(CF2)7Br. The solubility of oxygen in this liquid is 66mL O2 per 100mL of liquid. In contrast, air is 21% oxygen by volume. Calculate the moles of O2 present in an infant's lungs (volume:17mL) if the infant takes a full breath of air. Assume a pressure of 101.3kPa in the lungs.
The moles of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] present in an infant's lungs, if the infant takes a full breath of air is [tex]1.46*10^{-4}[/tex] moles
We can calculate the moles in the following way
We have been given the following data,
The infant takes a full breath of air
Full breath of air= volume of lungs of the infant= 17 mL= [tex]\frac{17}{1000}[/tex] L
Pressure inside lungs(P)= 101.3* [tex]10^{3}[/tex] Pa= 1 atm
Temperature(T)= Room temperature= 298 K
Volume of Oxygen(V)= 21% of total volume of lungs= 21% of 17 mL
= [tex]\frac{21*17}{100}[/tex] mL
= 3.57 mL
= [tex]\frac{3.57}{1000}[/tex] L
Now, let the number of moles of oxygen the infant breathes be n.
Since PV=nRT
Therefore, n= [tex]\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
We know that the value of R is 0.082 L atm/K mol
n = [tex]\frac{(1* 3.57)}{(0.082*298*1000)}[/tex] moles of oxygen
= [tex]1.46*10^{-4}[/tex] moles of oxygen
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