Answer:
Ivanhoe Company
Balance sheet
Particulars Amount Amount
Assets
Current assets
Cash 12,050
Account receivables 22,000
Supplies 10,200
Debt investment 5300
Total current assets 49,550
Fixed assets
Land 197,900
Equipment 82,100
Less acc. depreciation (18,950)
Net equipment 63,150
Building 261,200
Less acc. depreciation (33,600)
Net building 227600
Land improvements 45,900
Less acc. depreciation (12,700)
Net land improvements 33,200
Note receivables 6,200
Patents 46,700
Investment in stock 71,300
Total fixed assets 646,050
Total assets 695,600
Liabilities and shareholders equity
Current liabilities
Account payable 9800
Interest payable 3400
Income tax payable 15,500
Total current liabilities 28,700
Long term liabilities
Mortgage payable 91,900
Total long term liabilities 91,900
Shareholders equity
Common stock 80,000
Retained earnings 495,000
Total shareholders equity 575,000
Total liabilities and shareholders equity$69,5600
The next dividend payment by Skippy, Inc., will be $2.95 per share. The dividends are anticipated to maintain a growth rate of 4.8 percent, forever. If the stock currently sells for $53.10 per share, what is the required return? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer:
10.35%
Explanation:
The next dividend payment for skippy incorporation is $2.95
The growth rate is 4.8%
The stock currently sells for $53.10
Therefore the required return can be calculated as follows
R= 2.95 /53.10 + 4.8/100
= 0.0555 + 0.048
= 0.1035 × 100
= 10.35%
Answer:
Explanation:
Dividend Yield =$0.50$2.95×100=16.9%.
At the beginning of the year, a company predicts total overhead costs of $916,400. The company applies overhead using machine hours and estimates it will use 1,580 machine hours during the year. What amount of overhead should be applied to Job 65A if that job uses 31 machine hours during January?
Answer: $17980
Explanation:
The amount of overhead that should be applied to Job 65A would be calculated as:
= Overhead cost × (Machine hours in January/Total machine hours)
= 916400 × (31/1580)
= $17980
Pearson Motors has a target capital structure of 40% debt and 60% common equity, with no preferred stock. The yield to maturity on the company's outstanding bonds is 8%, and its tax rate is 25%. Pearson's CFO estimates that the company's WACC is 12.20%. What is Pearson's cost of common equity? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Answer:
rE= 0.163333 or 16.3333% rounded off to 16.33%
Explanation:
The WACC or weighted average cost of capital is the cost of a firm's capital structure which can contain one or more of the following components namely debt, preferred stock and common equity. The formula to calculate WACC of a firm with only two components including debt and equity is as follows,
WACC = wD * rD * (1 - tax rate) + wE * rE
Where,
wD and wE represents the weight of debt and common equity respectively.rD and rE represents the cost of debt and common equity respectively.We take after tax cost of debt (1 - tax rate)To calculate the cost of equity, we can plug in the values of remaining variables as given in the question in the above formula,
0.122= 0.4 * 0.08 * (1 - 0.25) + 0.6 * rE
0.122 = 0.024 + 0.6 * rE
0.122 - 0.024 = 0.6 * rE
rE = 0.098 / 0.6
rE= 0.163333 or 16.3333% rounded off to 16.33%
Suppose you come up with a wonderful new invention, and after borrowing as much as you can from a bank, you believe that additional capital is needed to make the invention marketable. Your small new company would be most likely to find additional capital from the:
A. bond credit channel.
B. equity credit channel.
C. stock credit channel.
D. venture capital credit channel.
Answer:
B. equity credit channel
Explanation:
Investment banks specialize in creating shares of stock for a company to raise funds through selling equity.
The credit channel mechanism of the monetary policy describes the theory that a central bank's policy changes, explained further.
What are Credit Channels?The credit channel mechanism of monetary policy reflects the hypothesis that changes in a central bank's policies impact the quantity of credit available to enterprises and consumers for purchases, hence affecting the real economy.
When someone comes up with new innovation and wants to sell it for as much money as possible by borrowing as much money as possible from a bank. The equity credit Channel is the most likely source of extra financing for your modest new organization.
Learn more about Credit Channels here:
https://brainly.com/question/14084674
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Seal Polymer Industries sold two freight containers of latex gloves to Med-Express, Inc., a com- pany based in North Carolina. When Med-Express failed to pay the $104,000 owed for the gloves, Seal Polymer sued in an Illinois court and obtained a judgment against Med-Express. Med-Express argued that it did not have minimum contacts with Illinois and therefore the Illinois judgment based on per- sonal jurisdiction was invalid. Med-Express stated that it was incorporated under North Carolina law, had its principal place of business in North Carolina, and therefore had no minimum contacts with Illinois.
Required:
Was this statement alone sufficient to prevent the Illinois judgment from being collected against Med-Express in North Carolina?
Answer:
Seal Polymer Industries (SPI) can sue Med-Express in an Illinois court due to the minimum contacts doctrine. This is an actual court case that the North Carolina Court of Appeals ruled in favor of SPI. The minimum contacts rule states that in order for a business to be sued in another jurisdiction it must have maintained minimum contacts with residents of that state. Minimum contacts may include making business with individuals or companies that reside in the other state, visiting the other state or incorporating in the other state. In this case, Med-Express made business with SPI, and SPI is a resident of Illinois.
A ________ is the cost of transmitting a news product to each consumer Group of answer choices head count cost shot cost unit cost delivery cost
Answer:
Delivery cost
Explanation:
Delivery cost is defined as the amount that is used to transmit a product from the manufacturer to the consumer.
Delivery cost is made up of the following.
- Manufacturing cost which is the cost incurred from the production plants to packaging in units. This is then introduced to the distribution chain.
- Product supply expense is mostly administrative cost incurred for purchase of materials, engineering, and development.
- Product logistics cost is one that is incurred from the time a product enters the distribution chain till it gets to the consumer
Regarding limited partners:________.
a. if the partnership agreement is silent as to notice required prior to termination, 90 days' written notice is required before the limited partner may withdraw.
b. they may not withdraw before the time that the partners have agreed the partnership will terminate.
c. they must obtain a court order to withdraw because of their limited liability and its effect on the remaining partners and third parties dealing with the business.
d. they may withdraw from the partnership at any time, but they forfeit their investment if they withdraw early.
Answer:
a. if the partnership agreement is silent as to notice required prior to termination, 90 days' written notice is required before the limited partner may withdraw.
Explanation:
Limited partners: The term "limited partner" is described as a "part-owner" of a specific company or organization whose liability associated with the company's debts can't exceed the amount that a person invested in that company. Limited partners are also referred to as "silent partners".
A "limited partner" can withdraw himself or herself from the company or firm any time he or she wants after a six months notice to the other partners, and the person who is withdrawing is being entitled to any specific distribution based on the agreement or, if none, associated with the "fair value" of the interest on the basis of the right to share in "distributions".
In the question above, the correct answer is option a.
Toys "R" Us has decreased its receivable turnover over the last three years: which of the following may be a possible cause of this decrease? A) the company has been more selective in choosing reliable customers. B) salesmen have granted customers an extension of credit terms. C) the accounting department has increased the allowance for doubtful accounts. D) all of the above are correct
Answer:
B) salesmen have granted customers an extension of credit terms.
Explanation:
receivables turnover ratio = net sales / average accounts receivable
A low receivables turnover ratio is usually a bad thing, since most companies sell on credit, i.e. their accounts receivable should be important. A high receivables turnover ratio means that the company is collecting its accounts receivable efficiently and its customers are good payers.
The key point here is average accounts receivable. What can result in a company having very high accounts receivable (compared to its total sales)? The answer is simple, their customers are not paying on time or the company had to extend their credit terms in order to attract more customers.
An actor invests some money at %, and $ more than the amount at The total annual interest earned from the investment is $. How much did he invest at each amount? Use the six-step method.
no lo se xd pero solo se que hoka
What pricing strategy begins with an assessment of customer needs and perceptions and then a target price is set based on customer perceptions of worth?
Answer:
value-based strategy
Explanation:
Value-based prices are the strategy that helps determine the price based on the consumer's view of the product. It is more customer-based pricing, as it is its main point.
The formal view of value-based strategy is the value of the product based on the consumer's opinion and the products' worth.
A company purchased a piece of equipment for $162,000 on April 1, 2019. The company determined that it has a 5 year life, and an estimated residual value of $2,000. If the company uses the straight-line method for depreciation, what is the depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2019?
Answer:
$24,000
Explanation:
First, we will calculate depreciation as;
= Cost - Residual value
= $162,000 - $2,000
= $160,000
Depreciation rate = 1/5 × 100 = 20%
Depreciation per year = 20% × $160,000 = $32,000
Depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2019[April to December 9 months] would be;
= 9/12 × $32,000
= $24,000
A loan is being amortized by means of level monthly payments at an annual effective interest rate of 8%. The amount of principal repaid in the 12th payment is 1,000 and the amount of principal repaid in the t^th payment is 3700.a) 198b) 204c) 210d) 216e) 228
Answer:
d) 216
Explanation:
We need to equate the value of 12th payment and t^th payment through the below formula.
=> 1000*(1+8%)^[(t-12)/12] =3700
=> (1.08)^[(t-12)/12] =3.7
=> [(t-12)/12] =17
=> t=216
Why do you think setting goals can influence an employee's safety-related actions in the workplace?
Answer in 200 words
Answer:
Setting goals helps with knowing what to focus on and what to do at work
This helps the employee do better at work because they know exactly what they are going for
Explanation:
Just write a bunch of things about the things I said above like try to go into more detail about them I tried helping but I don’t think I can write 200 words worth of explanation on here
Answer:
well there realy inportant
Explanation:
On November 10 of the current year, Flores Mills sold carpet to a customer for $8,000 with credit terms 2/10, n/30. Flores uses the gross method of accountin g for cash discounts What is the correct entry for Flores on November 17, assuming the correct payment was received on that date? A) cash 7,840 Accounts receivable 7,840 B) cash 7,840 Sales discounts 8,00 Accounts receivablhe C) 7,84 cash Sales Accouts receivable D) 8,000 Cash Sales discounts l6 8,00 Accounts receivable 160 Sales
Answer:
Following are the solution to this question:
Explanation:
In all the given choices some of the data is missing so, its correct entry can be defined as follows
Cash account $7,840
Sales discount $160
To Accounts receivable $8,000
A firm has 72 units of product A on hand. Forecasts of demand are for 10 units per week. A Master Production Schedule (MPS) quantity of 150 units is planned to arrive in period 4. Customer orders are 17 for period 1, 12 for period 2, 8 for period 3, and 4 for period 4.
Required:
What quantity is available for commitment (available to promise) to new customers in weeks 1, 2, and 3?
Answer:
35 units
Explanation:
72 units are on hand:
customer orders for periods 1, 2 and 3 = 17 + 12 + 8 = 37 units
units available for commitment to new customers = 72 - 37 = 35 units
these units can be committed either at week 1, 2, or 3.
Customer orders for period 4 will be covered with the 150 units that should arrive during period 4.
According to a survey of American households, the probability that the residents own 2 cars if annual household income is over $50,000 is 80%. Of the households surveyed, 60% had incomes over $50,000 and 70% had 2 cars. The probability that the residents of a household own 2 cars and have an income over $50,000 a year is:________
Answer: 0.48
Explanation:
The probability that the residents of a household own 2 cars and have an income over $50,000 a year can be calculated by;
= Probability that residents own 2 cars if annual household income is over $50,000 * probability of households earning more than $50,000
= P(Two cars I 50,000+) * P(50,000 +)
= 80% * 60%
= 0.48
Emphasizing personal selling rather than mass media advertising is an example of a __________ strategy.
Answer: personal selling rather than mass media advertising in the promotional mix the firm is using a Standardized strategy
Explanation:
Hope this helps <3
A company purchased a computer system at a cost of $27,000. The estimated useful life is 6 years, and the estimated residual value is $8,000. Assuming the company uses the double-declining-balance method, what is the depreciation expense for the second year? (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.) a) $8,250 b) $6.000 c) $9,000. d) $7.500
Answer:
$6,000
Explanation:
The calculation of depreciation expense for the second year 5s sh6wn below:-
Depreciation rate as per straight line method=100% ÷ 6
= 16.67% per year
Depreciation as per double decline balance = 2 × Depreciation rate as per straight line method × Beginning value of each period
Year Beginning value Depreciation Ending value
1 $27,000 $9,000 $18,000
(2 × 16.67% × $27,000) ($27,000 - $9,000)
2 $18,000 $6,000
(2 × 16.67% × $27,000)
The general ledger of Pop's Fireworks includes the following account balances in 2021:
Accounts Debit Credit
Cash $21,200
Accounts Receivable 41,500
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts $2,200
Supplies 6,700
Notes Receivable (8%, due in 2 years) 10,000
Land 85,000
Accounts Payable 12,300
Common Stock 106,000
Retained Earnings 29,900
Service Revenue 124,800
Salaries Expense 70,900
Utilities Expense 24,200
Supplies Expense 15,700
Totals $275,200 $275,200
In addition, the following transactions occurred during 2021 and are not yet reflected in the account balances above:
June 3 Provide additional services on account for $7,000. All services on account include terms 2/10, n/30.
June 8 Receive cash from customers within 10 days of the services being provided on account. The customers were originally charged $5,000.
November 15 Write off customer accounts of $1,500 as uncollectible.
Required:
Record each of the transactions listed above. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.)
Answer:
June 3
Account Receivable $7,000 (debit)
Service Revenue $7,000 (credit)
June 8
Cash $4,500 (debit)
Discount allowed $500 (debit)
Accounts Receivables $5,000 (credit)
November 15
Bad Debt $1,500 (debit)
Accounts Receivables $1,500 (credit)
Explanation
The above transactions must be adjusted as they affect our transactions at the reporting date. Remember to grant the cash discount on early settlement of the payment made on June 8. The policy of sales on account is on the terms of 2% cash discount on payments made within 10 days.
If Andy Pforzheimer, owner of Barcelona Restaurants, were to argue with one of the restaurant managers over whether it was more important to focus on staffing the chef positions or to focus on having the wait staff in the restaurant perform well, what would be the source of their conflict?
Answer:
The answer is "Differing task goals".
Explanation:
In this question, two tasks are identified, that focus on producing the cook's posts as well as the waiting staff in the restaurant are both performing well, that's why we choose the different task goals process, mostly with two or more parties having various organization's goals to increase customer satisfaction, whereas other income benefits, for both parties.
JebCo has a $600,000 mortgage payable. The mortgage has a 4% interest rate. JebCo's monthly payments are $4,546. (Round all answers to the nearest dollar). a. Prepare the journal entry to record the first monthly payment on June 30, 2020? 6/30/2020 b. What is the Principal Balance of the Mortgage after the second monthly payment?
Answer:
a.
6/30/2020
Dr. Interest Expense ______ $2,000
Dr. Mortgage Loan Payable _ $2,546
Cr. Cash ________________ $4,546
b.
The Principal Balance of the mortgage is $594,899.51
Explanation:
As the monthly payment of $4,546 includes the principal and interest payment as well. First we need to determine the interest payment and then the residual value of the payment will be assigned to the principal payment.
a.
First Monthly payment
Interest payment = $600,000 x 4% x 1/12 = $2,000
Pricipal Payment = Monthly payment - Interest payment = $4,546 - $2,000 = $2,546
Balance of mortgage after payment = $600,000 - $2,546 = $597,454
Second Monthly payment
Interest payment = $597,454 x 4% x 1/12 = $1,991.51
Pricipal Payment = Monthly payment - Interest payment = $4,546 - $1,991.51 = $2,554.49
Balance of mortgage after payment = $597,454 - $2,554.49 = $594,899.51
What was the value proposition of Maggi in India which made it a success but not in Pakistan? What is the better value proposition in Pakistan?
Answer:
WHY IS IT SO HARD TO GET THE FIRST QUESTION!!!
Explanation:
Answer:
sorry to tell you that I also want to know because I don't it
If the risk-free rate is 6 percent, the return on an average stock is 10 percent, and the beta of a capital budgeting project is 1.50, the project's required rate of return from the project is _____. a. 19% b. 21% c. 24% d. 12% e. 4%
Answer:
r = 0.12 or 12%
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Using the CAPM, we can calculate the required/expected rate of return on a stock. This is the minimum return required by the investors to invest in a stock based on its systematic risk, the market's risk premium and the risk free rate.
The formula for required rate of return under CAPM is,
r = rRF + Beta * (rM - rRF)
Where,
rRF is the risk free rate rM is the market return
We assume that the return on an average stock in the market is the return on market or rM.
r = 0.06 + 1.5 * (0.1 - 0.06)
r = 0.12 or 12%
OK Dry-Cleaning advertises so effectively that the regular customers of its competitor, Purity Cleaners, patronize OK instead of Purity. This is:________ a. a lawful action that is not a tort. b. wrongful interference with a business relationship. c. appropriation. d. wrongful interference with a contractual relationship.
Answer:
a. a lawful action that is not a tort.
Explanation:
A tort refers to some wrongful act or some infringement of any right which is other than under any contract which leads to a legal liability. It is based on a civil law. People are liable for their actions taken against another both accidentally or intentionally.
In the context, the customers who is regular to Purity Cleaners tries to patronize or condescend OK Dry Cleaners instead of Purity Cleaners. This is lawful action, however not a tort.
Part 1 of 4
Which of the following is an example of a firm's resources?
5
points
Multiple Choice
eBook
PepsiCo's Super Bowl commercials
Print
References
Apple's iPhone manufacturing facility
Amazon's acquisition of Whole Foods
Boeing's supply chain for the 787 Dreamliner aircraft
Deloitte's human resource management procedures
Answer:
Apple's iPhone manufacturing facility
Explanation:
A firm's resources comprise the tangible and non-tangible valuable items it uses in the production process. They include assets, employees, skills, patents, and technology used to manufacture goods and services. In most cases, resources require money to obtain.
Apple's iPhone manufacturing facility is a resource for the Apple company. The resource is used in the production of apple phone services meant for sale. The manufacturing facility is an asset of the company. It is required money to establish it.
MacKenzie Company sold $640 of merchandise to a customer who used a Regional Bank credit card. Regional Bank deducts a 5.5% service charge for sales on its credit cards. MacKenzie electronically remits the credit card sales receipts to the credit card company and receives payment immediately. The journal entry to record this sale transaction would be:________
Answer and Explanation:
The Journal entry is shown below:-
Cash Dr, $604.80 ($640 × 5.5%)
Card Expense $35.20
To Sales $640
(Being sale is recorded)
Here we debited the cash and expenses as assets are increasing also it increased the expenses On the other hand it also increased the sales. Also assets and expenses contains normal debit balance and the sales revenue contains normal credit balance
A private not-for-profit entity is working to create a cure for a disease. The charity starts the year with one asset, cash of $700,000. Net assets without donor restrictions are $400,000. Net assets with donor restrictions are $300,000. Of the restricted net assets, $160,000 is to be held and used to buy equipment, $40,000 is to be used for salaries, and the remaining $100,000 must be held permanently. The permanently held amount must be invested with 70 percent of any subsequent income used to cover advertising for fundraising purposes. The rest of the income is unrestricted.
During the current year, this health care entity has the following transactions:
1. Receives unrestricted cash gifts of $210,000.
2. Pays salaries of $80,000, with $20,000 of that amount coming from purpose-restricted donated funds. Of the total salaries, 40 percent is for administrative personnel. The remainder is divided evenly among individuals working on research to cure the disease and individuals employed for fundraising purposes.
3. Buys equipment for $300,000 by signing a long-term note for $250,000 and using restricted funds for the remainder. Of this equipment, 80 percent is used in research. The remainder is split evenly between administrative activities and fundraising. The donor of the restricted funds made no stipulation about the reporting of the equipment purchase.
4. Collects membership dues of $30,000 in cash. Members receive a reasonable amount of value in exchange for these dues including a monthly newsletter that describes research activities. By the end of the year, 112/112 of this money had been earned.
5. Receives $10,000 in cash from a donor. The money must be conveyed to a separate charity doing work on a related disease.
6. Receives investment income of $13,000 from the permanently restricted net assets.
Pays $2,000 for advertising. The money comes from the income earned in (f).
Receives an unrestricted pledge of $100,000 that will be collected in three years. The entity expects to collect the entire amount. The pledge has a present value of $78,000. Related interest (considered contribution revenue) of $5,000 is earned prior to the end of the year.
7. Computes depreciation on the equipment bought in (c) as $20,000.
8. Spends $93,000 on research supplies that are used up during the year.
9. Owes salaries of $5,000 at the end of the year. None of this amount will be paid from restricted net assets. Half of the salaries are for individuals doing fundraising, and half for individuals doing research.
10. Receives a donated painting that qualifies as a museum piece being added to the entity’s collection of art work that is being preserved and displayed to the public. The entity has a policy that the proceeds from any sold piece will be used to buy replacement art. Officials do not want to record this gift if possible..
A. Prepare a statement of financial position for this not-for-profit entity for the end of the current year.
B. Prepare a statement of activities for this not-for-profit entity for this year.
Answer and Explanation:
Net assets:
Donor without restrictions $488400
Donor with restrictions. $320100
Liabilities:
Notes payable. $250000
Salaries payable. $5000
Deferred revenue $27500
Donated amount in separate entity $10000.
$1101000
Assets:
Cash $738000
Equipment $280000
Receivables $83000
$1101000
Notes:
1. Cash.
Beginning cash $700,000
contributions $210,000
less salaries $80,000
less equipment purchase $50,000
Membership dues $30,000
Add contribution $10,000
Add investment income $13,000
less advertisement pay $2,000
less pay for supplies $93,000
2.Pledges receivable:
$78,000 plus the $5,000 in interest for period
3. Equipment. acquired equipment at $300,000 during the year.
4. Accumulated Depreciation: depreciation amounted to $20,000 for the equipment purchased till date.
5. Deferred Revenue: deferred revenue amounts to 27500 in membership dues since they've only earned 1/12 of the $30000 in exchange transactions.
6. Notes Payable: amount accrued for equipment
7. Salaries Payable: salaries owed employees as at end of the year
9. Donated Amount in Separate Entity. The organization does not hold variance powers for the amount contributed by a donor and so it's a liability
The amount of risk that will remain in a portfolio depends on the degree to which the stocks are exposed to:______
Answer:
Common risks.
Explanation:
Portfolio variance can be defined as the measurement of risk or dispersion of returns of a set of securities that makes up a portfolio fluctuate over a period of time.
Simply stated, portfolio variance is typically the total returns of the portfolio over a specific period of time.
In order to calculate the portfolio variance, the standard deviations of each security in the portfolio with their respective correlations security pair in the portfolio would be used. Portfolio variance is the square of standard deviation.
A two-asset portfolio with a standard deviation of zero can be formed when the assets have a correlation coefficient equal to negative one (-1) because this defines the efficiency frontier. In Economical portfolio theory, the efficient frontier is a group of optimal portfolios that offers an investor the highest expected return for a specific risk level or offers the lowest risk for a defined level of expected return.
The amount of risk that will remain in a portfolio depends on the degree to which the stocks are exposed to common risks.
A common risk can be defined as a type of risk that affects the entirety of a business firm or company and as such can't be diversified.
Hence, in order to eliminate some of the risk associated with a portfolio, business owners combine stocks in a portfolio and the amount of risk that will remain or eliminated in a portfolio depends on the degree to which the stocks are exposed to common risks.
For the past year, Momsen, Ltd., had sales of $45,212, interest expense of $3,386, cost of goods sold of $15,609, selling and administrative expense of $11,196, and depreciation of $5,545. If the tax rate was 35 percent, what was the company's net income?
Answer:
$11,704
Explanation:
Given the above information, we will use the formula below to calculate the net income.
Net income= (Sales - cost of goods sold - selling and administrative expenses - interest - depreciation expense - depreciation) - tax + depreciation.
Sales
$45,212
COGS
($15,609)
Gross profit
29,603
Less:
Selling and administrative expense
($11,196)
Interest expense
($3,386)
Depreciation
($5,545)
EBT
$9,476
Tax $9,476 × 35% = ($3,317)
Depreciation
$5,545
Net income
$11,704
You would like your child, who was born today, to attend a private university for 4 years beginning at age 18. Tuition is currently $20,000 per year and has increased 5% annually. Your after-tax rate of return is 8%. How much must you save at the end of each year if you would like to make your last payment at the beginning of your child's first year of college?
Answer:
Annual deposit= $5,539.52
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate the total worth of the 4 years tuition 18 years from now:
FV= PV*(1+i)^n
Year 1= 20,000*1.05^18= 48,132.39
Year 2= 48,132.39*1.05= 50,539
Year 3= 50,539*1.05= 53,065.95
Year 4= 53,065.95*1.05= 55,719.25
Total FV= $207,456.59
Now, using the following formula we can determine the annual deposit:
FV= {A*[(1+i)^n-1]}/i
A= annual deposit
Isolating A:
A= (FV*i)/{[(1+i)^n]-1}
A= (207,456.59*0.08) / [(1.08^18) - 1]
A= $5,539.52