The sequence of amino acids was controlled by the information in the RNA molecules.
The sequence of amino acids in a protein and its function is defined by the genetic code. Sequence in which amino acids are arranged in a protein is called primary structure.
The linear sequence of amino acids constitutes a protein's primary structure. The sequence that is written from the amino-terminal end to the carboxyl-terminal end. Sequence of bases in the DNA of the gene determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide. In general , Proteins have either single polypeptides or more than one polypeptides linked together.
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Which of the findings of the human genome project were contrary to initial expectations?.
Answer:
Which of the findings of the Human Genome Project were contrary to initial expectations? -The human genome contains fewer than 21,000 genes.
Explanation:
Less than 21,000 genes make up the human genome. Human genes with many exons have alternatively spliced variants in 93% of cases.
What is genome?Genome is defined as the entirety of a cell's DNA instructions.One small chromosome that is found in the mitochondria and 23 pairs of chromosomes that are present in the cell's nucleus make up the human genome. The genome is made up of all the DNA instructions that are present in a cell. One small chromosome that is found in the mitochondria and 23 pairs of chromosomes that are present in the cell's nucleus make up the human genome.
The first sequence of the human genome was the main goal of the Human Genome Project, a massive multinational scientific endeavor. The experiment demonstrated that human genomes are 99.9% identical, which paved the way for compiling a list of human genes and starting to comprehend the intricate dance involved in gene regulation.
Thus, less than 21,000 genes make up the human genome. Human genes with many exons have alternatively spliced variants in 93% of cases.
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2. Explain the reaon for the difference in the ucce of China' and India' family planning campaign:
China's one-child policy has been successful in drastically slowing down population growth, but it has severely altered the country's demography.
Contrarily, India's population growth rate has adjusted spontaneously (aided by non-coercive family planning measures), avoiding these demographic distortions. Growth of a population's or a dispersed group's size is referred to as population. Actual worldwide demography population growth is about 83 million people per year, or 1.1% annually. [2] From 1800 to 2020, there will be 7.9 billion people on the planet. [3] According to projections from the UN, the world's population will reach 8.6 billion people by the middle of the 2030s, 9.8 billion by the middle of the 2050s, and 11.2 billion by the end of the 21st century.
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A nucleotide deletion early in the coding sequence of a gene would most likely result in __________.
A frameshift mutation, a nonsense mutation, several missense mutations, or a nonfunctional protein are the most likely outcomes of a nucleotide deletion early in a gene's coding sequence.
The reading frame downstream of the deleted base is changed when a nucleotide is removed from a gene. This results in the polypeptide chain being added with the wrong amino acids. the frameshift mutation that results from the deletion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence, which typically results in an abnormal protein. While smaller deletions only affect a few nucleotides at a time, larger deletions can affect an entire gene or a number of nearby genes.
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Two___ of the element sodium combine with one___ of the element chlorine to form the ___ sodium chloride
TWO atoms of the element sodium combine with two atom of the element chlorine to form the molecule sodium chloride
How sodium combine together to form sodium chlorideSodium chloride is chemical compound which is formed as a result of a chemical reaction between the element sodium and the element chlorine. The chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
2Na + Cl2 --- 2NaCl
From the equation above, we can see that one atom of sodium, we can see that 2 atoms of the element sodium combine with two atom of the element chlorine to form the molecule sodium chloride.
In conclusion, we can deduce from above that sodium chloride is a compound.
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stochasticity or ______, prevents us from ever knowing exactly what a community is going to look like 100 years after a disturbance
We can never predict exactly how a society will appear 100 years following a disruption due to stochasticity or unpredictability.
What does biology's stochasticity imply?(1) Having to do with or being defined by chance, randomness, or probability. (2) Having or exhibiting unpredictability (s). (3) Referring to a set of observations that were randomly selected and were individually samples of different elements of a probability density function. (4) Taking place in a haphazard manner.
What is a stochastic instance?Numerous scientific models of systems and events that appear to fluctuate randomly involve stochastic. Examples include bacteria population expansion, electrical charge alterations caused on by thermal noise, or gas molecule motion.
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determine whether the reproductive isolating mechanisms are prezygotic or postzygotic.
a. Habitat isolation
b. Prezygotic
c. Postzygotic
d. Hybrid sterility
e. Temporal isolation
f. Hybrid inviability
g. Gametic isolation
h. Hybrid breakdown
i. Mechanical isolation
j. Behavioral isolation
The reproductive isolating mechanisms are prezygotic or postzygotic both depending on the situation what the scenario is but mostly it is prezygotic.
Prezygotic barriers are reproductive barriers that prevent mating between species or hinder fertilization if mating occurs. Examples of prezygotic isolating mechanisms include geographical isolation, behavioral isolation, temporal isolation, and mechanical isolation. Postzygotic barriers are reproductive barriers that prevent hybrid offspring from surviving and reproducing. Examples of postzygotic barriers include hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, and hybrid breakdown. Postzygotic effects are the evolutionary effects that result from the mating of two individuals of different species, resulting in hybrid offspring. These effects include changes in the phenotype, behavior, and fitness of the hybrid offspring, as well as changes in the gene frequencies of populations. Postzygotic effects can affect populations in a variety of ways, including changes in population size, structure, and dynamics.
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ow would a pressure ulcer be classified if it involves a partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis, presenting as an abrasion or shallow crater?
A pressure ulcer will be classified under the second category: Partial thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis, presenting as an abrasion or shallow crater.
A shallow open ulcer with a reddish-pink wound bed and no slough indicates partial dermis thickness loss. An intact or open/ruptured blister filled with serum is another possible symptom. presents as a superficial, glossy or dry ulcer that is free of bruises or slough. The terms "skin rips," "tape burns," "perineal dermatitis," "maceration," and "excoriation" should not be used to describe these conditions.
Category 3: Skin thinning to full thickness: full-thickness tissue loss Although bone, tendon, or muscle are not revealed, subcutaneous fat may be apparent. Slough may exist, but it does not conceal the extent of tissue loss.
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How doe the meaning of ""mutation"" differ in cience compared to in everyday language?
Alleles, or slightly different forms of the same gene, are produced as a result of mutation. Every individual is unique because of these minute variations in DNA sequence.
Does it make sense to consider the benefits and drawbacks of mutation?Depending on the context or location, mutational impacts may be advantageous, detrimental, or neutral. Most neutral mutations are harmful. Generally speaking, the effect of a mutation and its likelihood of being detrimental increase with the number of nucleotide sequences that are impacted by the mutation.
What results in mutation?Mutations can be the result of viral infection, exposure to mutagens, or mistakes in DNA replication in cell division. Somatic mutations, which occur in body cells rather than in eggs or sperm, cannot be passed on to offspring but germline mutations can.
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What is the purpose of using a logarithmic graph for graphing the movement of DNA? DNA moves in an exponential fashion DNA moves in a linear fashion. Your instructors want to make you do extra work The graph looks pretty
Responding to cases of skewness towards large values, or situations where one or a few points are significantly larger than the majority of the data comes first. The second is to display multiplicative or percent change.
How does DNA sequencing make use of graph theory?In this paper, a mathematical descriptor for similarity analysis based on diverse mutation phenomena is constructed using graph theory. For each DNA sequence, a weighted directed graph will be created because DNA sequences can hold a substantial amount of computational information.
What are the names of DNA graphs?Sequence diagram, Comparative genomics use bidirected graphs known as sequence graphs, often referred to as alignment graphs, breakpoint graphs, or adjacency graphs. The structure is made up of several graphs or genomes, where the edges and vertices correspond to the adjacencies between DNA segments and various segments in a genome, respectively.
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sympathethic preganglionic fiber that pass through sympathethic trunk ganglia to synapse in orevertebral ganglia is called
The sympathetic preganglionic cells (SPNs) are located within the spinal cord, and their axons travel via the ventral horn before emerging in the ventral roots, where they create synapses with postganglionic neurons.
Preganglionic fibres enter the ganglia chain in what way?The preganglionic neuron's cell body is located in the spinal cord, and its fiber exits through the anterior root of the cord to become a spinal nerve, which then goes through the white ramus to become a sympathetic ganglion.
Where do the preganglionic fibers travel on the nerve?Example of the Parasympathetic Nervous System Inquiry #1 Because they are situated inside or close to the effector organs, parasympathetic ganglia have lengthy preganglionc fibers and small postganglionic fibers.
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In the human body, stem cells in the bone marrow produce a variety of blood cells. What process produces these cells?
Answer:
hematopoiesis
The production and development of new cells in the bone marrow is a process called hematopoiesis. Blood cells formed in the bone marrow start out as stem cells. A stem cell (or hematopoietic stem cell) is the first phase of all blood cells.
Explanation:
can I have brainliest?
Cancer that has spread from one part of an organism to another location is called metastatic cancer. Treatment for metastatic cancer attempts to stop the cells from growing and developing. Which process is affected by the treatment?
Chemotherapy kills fast-growing cells with potent poisons. Since cancer cells reproduce faster than other cells, chemotherapy is most typically employed to treat it.
What is metastatic cancer?The spread of a pathogenic agent from an initial or main site to a different or secondary site within the body of the host is referred to as metastasis; however, the phrase is most commonly used to refer to metastasis caused by a malignant tumor. The newly abnormal areas are referred to as metastases in this case.
The vast majority of people who have metastatic cancer are exclusively treated with systemic therapies, which are treatments that are designed to destroy cancer cells wherever they may be located in the body.
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why did the results of the studies conducted at the hawthorne plant surprise elton mayo and his fellow researchers?
The results of the studies conducted at the hawthorne plant surprise elton mayo and his fellow researchers because : They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace.
What was the experiment conducted at the hawthorne plant ?Beginning in 1924, the study at the hawthorne plant isolated two groups of employees in order to test the effects of different incentives on their output. Productivity increased as illumination levels were raised, but it also increased when lighting levels were reduced to standard or even below-standard in both groups.
It was initially anticipated that economic considerations would have the biggest impact on productivity. The results were unexpected: productivity rose, but not for economic reasons. Ultimately, researchers came to the conclusion that better worker attentiveness led to better job performance.
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A scientist finds what she thinks is a new species of rodent on a small pacific island. However, some similar-looking rodents inhabit some nearby islands. She mates the new rodent with the nearby rodents and gets viable but infertile offspring. Why?.
The new rodents probably derive from fairly recent ancestors that experienced dispersive allopatric speciation.
Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics. Rodents evolved from a common ancestor with lagomorphs, forming the clade Glires.
It is also known that humans and rodents are formed separately from a common ancestor about 80 million years ago, while rats and mice diverged between 12 and 24 million years ago. In recent studies all three species share 280 large chunks of chromosomes these are virtually identical, suggesting that they are imperative.
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what is one abiotic-abiotic interaction affected by the wildfires in California?
Answer:
Anthropogenic. Air pollution. Fire. Oil spills. Radioactive contamination.Climatological.Geophysical.Hydrological.Meteorological.Check all choices below that result in a transfusion reaction which could kill a person
A. Type B recipient and type A donor
B. Type AB blood recipient and type O donor
C. Type A blood recipient and type A blood donor
D. Type O recipient and type AB donor
E. Type B blood recipient and type O donor blood
Fever, chills, urticaria (hives), and itching are among the most typical warning signs and symptoms.
What happens when a transfusion reaction occurs?Certain symptoms go away with little to no treatment.However, signs of a more serious reaction include respiratory difficulty, a high fever, hypotension (low blood pressure), and red urine (hemoglobinuria).The patient's needs will determine how much and what percentage of blood is transfused.Red blood cells of types B or AB cannot be obtained if you have type A blood.Red blood cells of types A or AB cannot be obtained if you have type B blood.You can receive transfusions of O, A, B, or AB red blood cells if you have type AB blood.The majority of blood transfusions are performed at medical facilities or outpatient clinics.To learn more about a transfusion reaction occurs refer to:
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early native americans used which distinctive tool to hunt large-bodied ice age mammals? a. mousterian points b. solutrean blades c. levallois flakes d. folsom points
Early native americans used which distinctive tool to hunt large-bodied ice age mammals folsom points.
Folsom points can be found all over North America and are dated between 9500 and 8000 BCE. When these artefacts were discovered in the early twentieth century, they raised questions about when the first humans arrived in North America. The popular belief of a time depth of about 3,000 years was clearly incorrect.
Clovis, a projectile point style dating back to 11,500 BCE, was discovered in 1932. Clovis points have been discovered in situ alongside mammoth skeletons. Folsom points were gradually replaced by Plano points of various Plano cultures in the Great Plains area.
Earth experienced drastic climate changes at the end of the last ice age, which significantly altered plant and animal biodiversity. These changes occurred in North America at the same time as humans arrived.
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biological magnification is a natural process when a persistent material is taken-up by primary producers because:
The process of some chemicals building up in living things to a concentration that is higher than what occurs in the inorganic, non-living world is known as "biomagnification" or "biological magnification."
What is meant by biomagnification ?Biomagnification is the accumulation of a chemical by an organism as a result of exposure to both food and water, resulting in a concentration that is higher than what would have been expected from equilibrium and higher than what would have occurred with only water exposure.
The accumulation of a certain material in the bodies of creatures at various trophic levels of a food chain is known as biomagnification. The buildup of the chemical DDT in zooplanktons is one instance of biomagnification in action. These zooplanktons are consumed by little fish.
The process of some chemicals building up in living things to a concentration that is higher than what occurs in the inorganic, non-living world is known as "biomagnification" or "biological magnification."
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match the structure to its function. a. mouth b. stomach c. rectum d. small intestine e. large intestine fat digestion is completed here.
Small intestine.
The small intestine has three elements: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It helps to further digest meals coming from the belly. It absorbs vitamins (nutrients, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from meals so they may be used by the frame. The small gut is a part of the digestive system.
The small intestine(small bowel) lies between the belly and the massive intestine (large bowel) and consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small gut is so known due to the fact its lumen diameter is smaller than that of the large intestine, even though it is longer in length than the big intestine.
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Why were mutations needed for the species of moth to survive during the industrial revolution in london?.
During the Industrial Revolution, mutations were needed for moth species to survive in London.
During the Industrial Revolution, pollution increased and white, light-colored trees darkened.Moths use the color of wood to hide from predators. At first, the moth was white in color.In Revolution, the white color of moths could not be camouflaged with curls. A genetic mutation caused by pollution causes the plumage color to change from white to grey-brown. The wings are easily camouflaged by trees and protect the moth from predators.Therefore, mutations lead to species evolution by changing their coloration and helping them survive.
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2) would you expect dobutamine hydrochloride (below) to have a long duration of action and be orally bioavailable?
Dobutamine hydrochloride, a direct-acting inotropic drug, stimulates the beta-receptors in the heart as its main mechanism of action.
What is dobutamine used for?The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted dobutamine approval for short-term use in individuals with reduced contractility brought on by heart failure or cardiac surgery that results in cardiac decompensation.Hypotension. Blood pressure precipitously dropping has occasionally been reported in connection with dobutamine medication. Usually, the blood pressure returns quickly to normal values after reducing the dosage or stopping the infusion.Dobutamine hydrochloride, a direct-acting inotropic drug, stimulates the beta-receptors in the heart as its main mechanism of action. It also has relatively minor chronotropic, hypertensive, arrhythmogenic, and vasodilatory effects.To learn more about Dobutamine hydrochloride refer,
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Chronic, non-communicable diseases account for disproportionate costs to the healthcare system. According to the world health organization, what percent of preventable deaths and disabilities occur in the americas related to chronic non-communicable diseases?
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) ki-ll 41 million people worldwide each year and account for 71% of all deaths worldwide. NCDs account for 5.5 million deaths in the Americas.
The main types of the non-communicable diseases are the cardiovascular diseases (such as the heart attack and the stroke), cancer, the chronic respiratory diseases (such as the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and the diabetes. Chronic diseases persist for the long time or they have recur. Some chronic diseases such as chronic hepatitis and HIV are caused by pathogens (bacteria). Others are caused by behavior (some heart diseases, cancer, etc.), environment (some types of asthma and cancer), or genetics (some birth defects and cancer). NCDs have four main risk factors: smoking, lack of physical activity, harmful alcohol use, and unhealthy diet.
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Many nutrient cycles are coupled and changes in one cycle will affect another. This means that a change in the amount of carbon dioxide fixed is intimately affected by the amount of __________.
Since many nutrient cycles are interconnected, modifications to one cycle will have an impact on another. This implies that the quantity of nitrogen present in an ecosystem has a direct impact on changes in the amount of carbon dioxide fixed.
The movement of substance and energy between living things and the ecosystem's non-living components happens through a mechanism called the nutrient cycle. This happens because once plants and animals ingest nutrients from the soil, they die and decompose, releasing those nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Various Nutrient Cycles
Carbon cycle: It's believed that all living things are mostly composed of carbon.The nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen is necessary for life.The oxygen cycle: Oxygen is a necessary component of every living function.Water cycle or the hydrologic cycle:To learn more about ecosystem click here,
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HELP ASP I will give Brainiest!
A geranium is an example of a
narrow
A broad
B leafed plant.
unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process, thus the cell doesn't have to expend any energy on it.
Does a cell need energy for assisted diffusion or diffusion that occurs naturally?Simple diffusion does not need energy, whereas assisted diffusion needs an ATP source. B. In contrast to facilitated diffusion, which can move materials both with and against a concentration gradient, simple diffusion can only move material in the direction of a concentration gradient.
What makes aided diffusion different from simple diffusion?Simple diffusion occurs when a substance diffuses between phospholipids; enhanced diffusion occurs when specific membrane channels are present. Facilitated diffusion is typically used to enter and exit cells for charged or polar molecules that cannot fit between the phospholipids.
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what is the rate constant for the decay? b) if a fossil is found with only 18% of the ^{14}c maintained by living organisms, what is the age of the fossil? report
The property (quality) of fossils allows scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers are fossils show change over time as species evolve.
What is the minimum age of a fossil?A living being that lived more than 11 thousand years ago is considered a fossil, that is, before the Holocene, which is the current geological epoch. Ancient remains or evidence, but less than 11,000 years old, such as sambaquis, are classified as subfossils.Chemistry is present in this process, more precisely the element Carbon. The dating of a fossil can be done based on the already known percentage of Carbon-14 (C14) in relation to Carbon-12 (C12) of living matter (without decomposition).The term fossil can be defined as the remains or the retained remnants of ancient species, or signs of their remains. Fossils are not the remnants of living organisms.They are stones. A fossil can save a whole organism or only a portion of one. Fossils can be formed from bones, shells, feathers, or leaves. The greater the age of the fossil located deep within the ground. It informs us about the time period and the uniqueness of the artifacts.The strata are layered one on top of the other, with the bottom layers being older in geological time and the top layers being more recent.To learn more about fossil refer to:
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Select all that would be prokaryotes
Animal
bacteria
plant
fungus
protists
Answer:
bacteria
Explanation:
Several processes are involved in generating rainfall or snow. First, water is ______ from oceans and moves into the atmosphere. Next, the moisture condenses into clouds which cool and release rain or snow as ______.
Answer:
Evaporated; precipitation
Explanation:
How do animals store their sugar for later?
Animals store sugar in form of glycogen in their liver or muscles for later.
How do animals store sugar?Plants and animals both use glucose as their main source of energy, which they break down via respiration.
The main sources of glucose in animals include the diet and process of gluconeogenesis while the primary source in plants is the process of photosynthesis.
Excess glucose in both plants and animals needs to be stored for future use. Animals store excess sugar in the form of glycogen while plants store excess sugar in the form of starch.
Both glycogen and starch are polysaccharides. Glycogen is stored in animals in the liver and skeletal muscles.
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why are there 46 chromosomes in body cells but 23 chromosomes in sex cells
This is due to the fact that each of our chromosomes is paired up, with one chromosome from each pair coming from each biological parent.
Why do sexual cells have fewer chromosomes than non-sex cells?Reproductive cells like sperm and eggs are referred to as gametes or sex cells. Chromosome count must be cut in half as gametes are created. Why? Gametes need to have half the number of chromosomes found in healthy body cells because the zygote has to have genetic material from both the mother and the father.
Meiosis, a form of cell division, makes sure that every generation of people has the same number of chromosomes. To create sperm and egg cells, a two-step process that cuts the number of chromosomes in half (from 46 to 23) is used.
This is due to the fact that each of our chromosomes is in a matched pair, with one chromosome from each biological parent inheriting each pair. As there are 23 pairs of these chromosomes in every human cell, our diploid number is 46 and our "haploid" number is 23. 22 of the 23 pairs have been identified as autosomes.
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