In the given electrolytic cell setup having molten zinc iodide as the electrolyte, reduction of zinc ions to gray coloured zinc occurs at the cathode, whereas iodide ions get oxidized to reddish-brown iodine at the anode.
An electrolytic cell is a type of electrochemical cell that uses an external source of electrical energy to power a chemical process that would not occur otherwise. This contrasts with a galvanic cell, which serves as a power source and the cornerstone of a battery.
Any apparatus in which electrical energy is changed into chemical energy or vice versa is an electrolytic cell. Such a cell normally consists of two electrodes, which can be metallic or electronic conductors, kept apart from one another and in contact with an electrolyte, which is commonly an ionic substance that has been dissolved or fused.
In the given setup, the molten zinc iodide is the electrolyte, and the half reactions occurring at the two electrodes of the electrolytic cell are:
Half reaction at the cathode:
[tex]Zn^{2+} (l) + 2e^- \rightarrow Zn (s)[/tex]
Half reaction at the anode:
[tex]2I^- (l) \rightarrow I_2 (s) + 2e^-[/tex]
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In an experiment, a solution required 30. 05 g of nacl, 50. 0 g of , and 0. 4006 g of mgso4. Using the correct number of significant figures, what is the resulting mass?.
The total mass of the mixture is 80.5 g. The analysis of the calculation shows that there should be three significant figures in the end result.
This is an addition operation, and when dealing with addition and subtraction operations it is necessary to consider the last significant figure for each of the numbers. The result of the addition/subtraction should have the same last significant figure as the number with the leftmost (or highest) last significant figure. When applied to this calculation, the principle looks like this:
30.05 - the last significant figure is 5, and it is in the hundredths
50.0 - the last significant figure is 0, in the tenths
0.4006 - the last significant figure is 6, in the ten thousandths.
Of the three, the leftmost/highest significant figure is 0 in the tenths, so the end result should also have its last significant figure in the tenths.
30.05 g + 50.0 g + 0.4006 g = 80.4506 g, but we round up to the tenths, and because the numbers after 5 are greater than 0, we have to round up to reach the end result of 80.5 g
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could you give me 5 chemistry equations and an explanation of them solved chemistry equations please
go to Chemical Reactions (6 of 11) Quick Review 5 Types of Chemical Reactions by "step by step science" to get info
During the determination of molar mass of co2 experiment, suppose you measure the atmospheric pressure of the lab as 752 torr and the temperature of the lab as 21°c. If the vapor pressure of water is 18. 65 torr at 21°c, what is the pressure, in atm, of the co2 collected?.
The pressure of the CO₂ collected in atm is 0.965 atm.
We need to know about pressure to solve this problem. Pressure is unit that describe how much force applied on a surface area. It can be determined as
P = F / A
where P is pressure, F is force and A is area.
From the question above, we know that
Pvapor = 18.65 torr
P = 752 torr
From partial pressure, we can conclude that
P = Pco₂ + P vapor
752 = Pco₂ + 18.65
Pco₂ = 752 - 18.65
Pco₂ = 733.35 torr
Convert to atm
Pco₂ = 733.35 torr
Pco₂ = 733.35/760 atm
Pco₂ = 0.965 atm
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two isotopes of gallium are naturally occurring, with 6931ga at 60.11 % (68.93 amu ) and 7131ga at 39.89 % (70.92 amu ). what is the atomic mass of gallium?
Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes: 69ga with a mass of 68.9256 amu and a natural abundance of 60.11% and 71ga. Using the mass of gallium from the periodic table, the mass of Ga-71 isotope is 70.9246 amu.
There are two naturally occurring isotopes of gallium: Ga-69 isotope having mass 68.9256 and percentage abundance is 60.11%, let say 'X' be the mass of isotope - Ga-71.
Its percentage abundance can be calculated as:
%Ga-71=100-60.11=39.89%
The atomic mass of an element can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its isotopes multiplied by their percentage abundance.
In this case we have
Atomic mass = m(Ga-69)×%(Ga-69) + X ×%(Ga-71)
The atomic mass of Ga is 69.723 amu.
Now putting the values, we will get
69.723 amu = (68.9256amu)(60.11/100) + X (39.89/100)
Hence,
69.723 amu = 41.431amu + + X (39.89/100)
Now rearranging the above equation we get,
X = 69.723 amu - 41.431amu/0.3989 = 70.9246amu
Thus, the mass of Ga-71 isotope is 70.9246 amu.
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The complete question is:
Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes: 69ga with a mass of 68.9256 amu and a natural abundance of 60.11% and 71ga. use the atomic mass of gallium from the periodic table to find the mass of gallium-71. express the mass in atomic mass units to two decimal.
what is cells ( life system )
The stages of a cell's lifecycle are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
The cell cycle is a sequence of events that arise in a cell as it develops and splits. Cells expend most of their period in the interphase, where they expand, replicate chromosomes, and prepare for cell division.
The cell then exits the interphase and experiences mitosis to conclude division. The consequential cells, known as daughter cells, enter the interphase and initiate a new cell cycle.
The cell cycle is the name a cell gives to the procedure by which it replicates and produces two new cells.
There are various phases in the cell process called G1, S, G2, and M. G1 is the staging in which the cell schedules to divide. To do this, the cell enters the S phase, where it copies all its DNA. So S stands for DNA synthesis. Once the DNA has been duplicated and a complete complementary set of all genetic material is general, the cell either enters the G2 phase of organizing and consolidating the genetic material or commences to condense the genetic material, preparing it for separation. The next step is M. M stands for mitosis. This is where the cell splits two duplicates of the genetic material into double daughter cells. At the end of the M phase, cell separation occurs, leaving two cells back and the cell cycle can form again.Learn more about the cell life system at
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In 1909, scientist ernest rutherford directed a stream of high speed alpha particles at a thin piece of gold foil. Some of the particles passed through, some were deflected, and some bounced straight back. This result caused rutherford to conclude that?.
1990, scientist Ernest Rutherford, directed a steam of alpha particles at a thin gold foil. He drew the conclusions about the Nucleus of the atom and the arrangement of the particles in atom.
He directed a stream of alpha particles towards a very thin gold foil. Some of the particles passed through, some were deflected, and some were bounced back straight. This result caused Rutherford to conclude that,
As the alpha particles were large particles, a large amount of mass was needed to deflect the alpha particles from it's path. He concluded that most of the mass of the atom is concentrate inside a small portion of the atom. He termed this portion as nucleus of the atom.
Some particles went non deflected, some were deflected by small angles and only few came back in a straight path. From this information he concluded that most of the portion of the atom is empty. This observation is indeed proven true in subsequent times.
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What is the product of electrolysing potassium iodine solution
Answer:
The product is hydrogen.
Explanation:
an acid is a molecule/compound (i.e. hcl, ch3cooh), that when added to a solvent (water) will dissociate donating additional h (protons) to the resulting solution. therefore, an acid is a molecule that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. the molecule is an acid, whereas the solution containing the acid is acidic. some acids are considered strong and some are considered weak. what is the difference between a strong and weak acid? for an acid to be strong, when it is mixed in water the majority of the molecules will dissociate (very little is left intact), therefore it adds a large number of h into the solution, creating a strong acidic solution (ph
Since it dissociates almost entirely, HCl is a powerful acid.
In contrary, a weak acid like acetic acid (CH3COOH) does not dissociate well in water because it retains a large number of bound-up H+ ions.
Acetic acid splits into CH3COO, and H+.
In conclusion, the amount of free H+ ions discharged into solution increases with acid strength. The pH value for that acid is inversely correlated with the amount of free H+.
Because they allow other molecules to bind to H+ ions in solution, acids are frequently referred to as H+ ion donors.
Any acid that is entirely ionized in an aqueous solution is considered to be strong. When present in water, hydrogen chloride (HCl) totally ionizes to produce hydrogen and chloride ions.
Weak acid is one that ionizes very little in an aqueous solution. A very well-liked weak acid that is present in vinegar is acetic acid.
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Two different samples of matter are measured in each of these glass containers. Both of the containers show the same measure for both samples of matter. The samples most likely have which of these in common?.
Two different samples of matter are measured in each of these glass containers. Both of the containers show the same measure for both samples of matter. These samples have volume in common.
In chemistry, volume is defined as the three-dimensional space taken up by matter. Volume is measured in cubic meters.
If you were to put two different samples in a graduated glass container and both of them have the particular digit that shows their volume then it means their volume is the same and they take up the same amount of space irrespective of their chemical composition.
For example, if you pour the sample into a glass container and the number you get is 250 m³.
Then this 250 m³ refers to the volume of the sample.
In general, volume is measured as volume = mass/density and its SI unit is m³.
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What temperature is needed for 5 moles of helium at a pressure of 760 torr and volume of 650 mL
The temperature of 1.585 K is required for 5 moles of Helium at a pressure of 760 torrs and volume of 650 mL.
What is an ideal gas equation?The Ideal Gas Equation is the equation for hypothetical gases expressed mathematically by combining empirical and physical constants and is also known as the general gas equation.
The ideal gas equation can be represented for gas as:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the amount of ideal gas (in moles), R is the gas constant and T is the temperature (in Kelvin) of the ideal gas.
Given, the pressure of helium gas, P = 760 torr = 1 atm
The volume of helium gas = 650 ml = 0.65 L
The number of moles of helium gas, n = 5
The value of the gas constant, R = 0.082 L atm /K mol
Substitute the values in the ideal gas equation:
(1atm) × (0.65 L) = (5 mol) ×(0.0832 L atm /K mol) × T
T = 1.585 K
Therefore, the temperature of the helium gas at a given presurre and volume is equal to 1.585 K.
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A base has been added to water such that the concentration of hydroxide ions is 2.61 × 10–9 M. The solution has a temperature of 25°C (Kw = 1.0 × 10–14). What's the concentration of hydronium ions present in this solution?
Question 14 options:
3.83 × 10–6
1.79 × 10–8
2.57 × 10–6
4.42 × 10–7
The hydronium ion concentration, [H₃O⁺ ], of the solution is 3.83 * 10⁻⁶.
What is the hydronium ion concentration of a solution?The hydronium ion concentration of a solution is the concentration in mol/dm³ of the hydronium ions of a solution.
The hydronium ion is formed when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion as shown below:
H₂O + H⁺ ---> H₃O⁺
The hydronium ion concentration of a solution is also known as the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution or pH.
The product of the hydronium ion concentration of a solution and the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution gives the ion product of water.
[H₃O⁺ ] * [OH⁻] = Kw
where Kw = 1.0 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²
The hydronium ion concentration of the given solution can be calculated as follows:
[H₃O⁺ ] * [OH⁻] = Kw
[OH⁻] = 2.61 * 10⁻⁹ M
Kw = 1.0 * 10⁻¹⁴ M²
[H₃O⁺ ] = Kw / [OH⁻]
[H₃O⁺ ] = 1.0 * 10⁻¹⁴ M² / 2.61 * 10⁻⁹ M
[H₃O⁺ ] = 3.83 * 10⁻⁶
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for any particular electron donor, the most free energy will be released when molecular oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor because . . . choose one:a. the concentration of oxygen gas is higher than the concentrations of most other feasible electron acceptors.b. molecular oxygen is a stronger oxidizing agent than most other available electron acceptors.c. molecular oxygen has a higher molecular weight than most other available electron acceptors.d. molecular oxygen donates electrons more readily than most other available electron acceptors.
For any particular electron donor the most free energy will be released when molecular oxygen serves as the electron acceptor because molecular oxygen is a stronger electron acceptor then most other available electron acceptors.
Oxygen is a highly electronegative due to its size. Its high electronegativity increases the electron affinity of oxygen to a very large extent.
At the end of the electron transport chain, most of the electron loses their energy when molecular oxygen serves as the electron acceptor.
Because at the end of the electron transport chain, water can easily form hydronium ion by combining readily with Hydrogen (H+).
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You need to use your separatory funnel for an extraction, but you notice that there is some residual water in it from when it was washed during the previous lab period. What should you do?.
In this situation, wash the separating funnel with soap and water once more before using it for the subsequent experiment and rinse the funnel with acetone into a waste container.
Separating funnels are employed in the extraction process and must be free of contaminants that could reduce the yield of the extraction. The funnel could be placed in a desiccation after being cleaned and rinsed to allow the water on the body to dry before being used for the following extraction procedure. Washing laboratory equipment before use irrespective of its state (whether it is clean or not) contributes to standard laboratory practices.
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Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition
people who do not work for a formal business
The word that best fits the definition of "people who do not work for a formal business" is informal sector.
What is a formal definition?A formal definition can be defined as a process which typically involves providing all of the information (details) pertaining to a particular word or phrase, especially in a concise and standard format.
What is an informal sector?An informal sector can be defined as a word which is used to describe a group of workers that do not work for a formal business (regulated economic activities), including entrepreneurs, self-employed persons, and small family businesses.
In conclusion, some examples of persons working in the informal sector are car repairs, graphic designers, home renovations, etc.
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Draw Conclusions Based on your analysis, which particle(s) determine(s) the identity of an element? Cite evidence from the table to support your conclusion.
The proton determines the identity of an element.
The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of that element. No element has the same number of protons in its atoms. The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number of the element. Therefore, each element has a unique atomic number. The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons in it. You cannot change the number of protons without changing the ID of the element.
Adding a proton increases the atomic number by 1 and changes the identity of the element. You can create isotopes by changing the number of neutrons. The number of protons is very important in an atom as it gives it its identity. Atoms with only one proton are identified as hydrogen atoms. Atoms with 6 protons are identified as carbon atoms. The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of that element.
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Which choice is an element?
O sodium chloride
O water
O oxygen
O air
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
The 1st 2 are compounds
The last one "air" can be used to say oxygen, however, "air" is not on the periodic table of elements.
Oxygen is on the periodic table of elements
When the temperature of a gas decreases (at constant volume), what happens to the pressure in the container?
a: pressure stays the same.
b: pressure decreases.
c: pressure increases.
When the temperature of a gas decrease the pressure also decrease. That is option B.
What is temperature?Temperature is defined as the quantity that measures the degree of how hot or cold an object or medium is.
When the temperature of a medium increases there would be increase in the collision between the molecules that is found in the medium.
The increase in intermolecular collision leads to increase in pressure of the medium. Subsequently, when there is decrease in temperature, the pressure of the medium also falls.
Therefore, it can be said that the temperature of a gas decreases which causes the pressure to also decrease.
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write a balanced chemical equation based on the following description: the reaction of aluminum metal with aqueous sulfuric acid to form aqueous aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas.
The balanced chemical equation of the reaction between aluminum metal with aqueous sulfuric acid to form aqueous aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas is 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂.
What is a balanced chemical equation?A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.
According to this question, aluminum metal reacts with aqueous sulfuric acid to form aqueous aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas.
This reaction will be balanced only if the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation are the same. The chemical reaction is as follows:
2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂.
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what is the definition of electron orbital?
The electron orbit, is the path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.
Explanation:
hope this helps!
1-Bromobutane reacts with water to form 1-butanol according to the following equation.
C4H9Br(aq) + 2 H2O(l) → C4H9OH(aq) + H3O+(aq) + Br−(aq)
The following is a proposed mechanism for the reaction.
C4H9Br(aq) → C4H9+(aq) + Br−(aq) slow
C4H9+(aq) + H2O(l) → C4H9OH2+(aq) fast
C4H9OH2+(aq) + H2O(l) → C4H9OH(aq) + H3O+(aq) fast
Determine the overall rate law for this proposed mechanism. (Rate expressions take the general form: rate = k . [A]a . [B]b.)
1-Bromobutane reacts with water to form 1-butanol according to the following equation overall rate law for this proposed mechanism is rate = k [C₄H₉Br]
The reaction intermediate in the chemical species that is formed in one elementary step and consumed in subsequent step and the slowest step in the reaction mechanism is rate determining step and the rate determining step limit the overall rate and therefore determines the rate law for the overall reaction
Here given reaction
C₄H₉Br(aq) + 2H₂O(l) → C₄H₉OH(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq)
And the following is a proposed mechanism for the reaction
C₄H₉Br(aq) → C₄H₉⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq) slow
C₄H₉⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) → C₄H₉OH₂⁺(aq) fast
C₄H₉OH₂⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) → C₄H₉OH(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) fast
So in that 1st step is the rate determining step means slow step
So rate expressions take the general form: rate = k . [A]a . [B]b
So given equation rate expressions is k [C₄H₉Br]
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a student proposes the following lewis structure for the azide ion. assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's lewis structure. atom formal charge
Lewis structures are diagrams that illustrate the bonding between atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are also known as Lewis dot formulae, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs). Lewis structures are diagrams that illustrate the bonding between atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are also known as Lewis dot formulae, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs). A Lewis structure can represent any covalently attached molecule as well as coordination compounds. who proposed it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule.
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consider the fourth period elements ca, mn, co, se, and kr. which of these atoms are paramagnetic? a) ca, mn, co b) mn, co, kr c) ca, kr, se d) mn, co, se e) ca, kr
Option (a) Ca, Mn, Co are paramagnetic elements in the fourth period of the periodic table due to unpaired electrons.
A substance's electron configuration can be used to assess if it has magnetic properties: The material is paramagnetic if any of its electrons are unpaired, and it is diamagnetic if all of its electrons are paired.
Materials with hindered electrons that are drawn to magnetic fields are considered to be paramagnetic. In the absence of a magnetic field, they become less magnetic. The magnetic moment of the material and, consequently, the paramagnetism, increase with the number of unpaired electrons.
[tex]Mn^{2+}[/tex] is the ion with the most paramagnetic behaviour because it has the most unpaired electrons when two electrons are lost.
In this instance, calcium is a paramagnetic element as well. This is an anomaly. Due to the ability of one of calcium's electrons in the S orbital to jump to the D orbital, the element is paramagnetic. Since calcium is in Period 4, its D orbital is unoccupied. D orbitals exist in elements with period 4. Thus, this provides that electron with a destination.
Three electrons are not paired in cobalt. It is hence paramagnetic. Three unpaired electrons are present in the outermost subshell.
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Which of the following is NOT a physical change? [Choose all that apply.]
Group of answer choices
melting ice cream
water evaporating from a puddle
making elephant toothpaste
roasting a marshmallow
mashing potatoes
burning a piece of paper
cutting wood
a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gases at a total pressure of 753 mm hg contains nitrogen at a partial pressure of 219 mm hg. if the gas mixture contains 1.60 grams of nitrogen, how many grams of oxygen are present? mass
If the gases are ideal and the end pressure is the same as the initial pressure, the partial pressures are PA=nART/(VA+VB) and PB=nBRT/(VA+VB), respectively.
How is pressure determined when two gases are combined?If the gases are ideal and the end pressure is the same as the initial pressure, the partial pressures are PA=nART/(VA+VB) and PB=nBRT/(VA+VB), respectively.
How is a gas's partial pressure in a mixture determined?There are two ways to calculate partial pressures: 1) To determine the individual pressure of each gas in a mixture, use PV = nRT. 2) Determine the proportion of the total pressure that may be assigned to each individual gas using the mole fraction of each gas.
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If a 5-kg bowling ball is projected upward with a velocity of 2.0m/s. What is the momentum?
What amount of force will that bowling ball have as it falls back to Earth?
The momentum of the bowling ball is projected upward with a velocity of 2.0 m/s is 10 kg m/s.
The amount of force will that bowling ball have as it falls back to earth is 10 N.
We know that,
The mass of the ball is 5 kgVelocity of the ball is 2.0 m/sMomentum is the product of speed of an object and its mass. This means that an object at rest has zero momentum since the velocity is also zero.
It is given as -
Momentum = Mass of an object x speed/ velocity
Momentum = 5 kg x 2.0 m/s
= 10 kg m/s
To calculate amount of force bowling ball have when it falls back to Earth is -
Force exerted by an object is equal to product of its mass and velocity.
The second law of motion states that change in momentum of the object is given by mass multiplied by the velocity, which is equal to force.
F = mv
where,
F = force
m = mass
v = velocity
and,
p = mv
where,
p = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
Hence, the amount of force that bowling ball have as it falls back to Earth is 10 N.
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true or false: an object's color is dependent on the chemical composition of its matter, which determines the wavelegnth that is reflected
Answer:
true
Explanation:
The physical and chemical composition of matter determines which wavelength (or color) is reflected.
Which property could be used to separate a mixture of salt and sand? Responses solubility in water solubility in water mass mass electrical conductivity electrical conductivity magnetism
Property could be used to separate a mixture of salt and sand is solubility in water
Salt and sand mixture can be separated by filtration followed by an evaporation process
To separate the salt and sugar based on the solubility and the substances is soluble that means it dissolved in solvent and salt is ionic compound that means soluble in water
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HELP!! WILL GIVE 100 points.
Which term describes this molecular shape?
A. Tetrahedral
B. Linear
C. Trigonal Planar
D. Bent
Answer:
Explanation:
A
what is atom charge?
Answer: the number of protons minus the number of electrons
Explanation:
Which element is most likely to experience an increase in radius?
A. Ca changing to Ca2+
B. Fe changing to Fe3+
C. Cl changing to Cl-
D. Li changing to Li+
Answer:
C. Cl changing to Cl-
Explanation:
Cl gains 1 electron, resulting in an increase in radius.
The other 3 give up electrons.