The force that the roller coaster is creating under the top of the hill is A) 30000 N.
It is given that the initial velocity is 20m/s and final velocity is 80m/s and the time is 2s.
The force required to accelerate a mass from 20 m/s to 80 m/s in 2 seconds is given by the equation:
F = (m * (v - u)) / t
where m is the mass of the object, v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, and t is the time.
Substituting the values given in the question, we get:
F = (1000 kg x (80 m/s - 20 m/s)) / 2 s
F = 1000 x 30
F = 30,000 N
Hence, the correct option is A) which is 30000N. It is the force generated by the roller coaster at the bottom of the hill.
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what conclusion can be drawn based on experimental results? what conclusion can be drawn regarding the ratae of reaction of the alkyl bromide vs alkyl chloride
Bromine is more reactive than chlorine.
The rate of the SN1 reaction, which is more reactive with bromine, depends only on the concentration of the alkyl halide. The higher is the concentration of substance, the faster is the reaction rate of that substance. The nature of the alkyl halide also affects the reaction . The secondary and primary alkyl halides reacts slower than tertiary alkyl halide.
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Draw the electron dot structure of the hydroxide ion (OH-).
Answer:
X = electrons from hydrogen
O (black) = electrons from oxygen
O (red) = electrons from when it was connected to a metal atom, hence why it has a negative charge
Naturally occurring iron has four isotopes. A-53.9396 amu 5.82%, B-55.9349 amu 91.66%, C-56.9354 amu 2.19%, and D-57.9333 amu 0.33%. Calculate the atomic mass of iron from these data.
Considering the definition of isotopes and atomic mass of an element, the atomic mass of iron is 55.9012 amu.
Definition of isotopeAn isotope is a form of a chemical element in which the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
Definition of atomic massThe atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of its natural isotopes, considering the relative abundance of each of them.
Atomic mass of ironIn this case, you know iron has four isotopes:
A- An isotope with a mass of 53.9396 amu and an abundance of 5.82%.B- An isotope with a mass of 55.9349 amu and an abundance of 91.66%.C- An isotope with a mass of 56.9354 amu and an abundance of 2.19%.D- An isotope with a mass of 57.9333 amu and an abundance of 0.33%.Then, the atomic mass of iron can be calculated as:
atomic mass of iron= 53.9396 amu×0.0582 + 55.9349 amu×0.9166 + 56.9354 amu×0.0219 + 57.9333 amu×0.0033
atomic mass of iron= 55.9012 amu
Finally, the atomic mass in this case is 55.9012 amu.
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Krypton atoms in the ground state tend not to bond with other atoms because their?.
Krypton atoms in the ground state tend not to bond with other atoms because they have a total of 8 electrons in their valence shell.
Krypton is a rare noble gas thus it does not react at ground state because its shell is complete. The atomic number of krypton is 36. It is three times heavier than air. It is not totally unreactive as it can form some compounds. krypton is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
According to the octet rule, the last shell of krypton is completely filled so it will not form a bond with another atom.
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A total of eight valence electrons makes krypton atoms to not bnd with other atoms.
Moreover, An atom changes from its ground state to an excited state by taking in energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption. An electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy level. In the opposite process, emission, the electron returns to its ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed.
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an atmosphere is considered hazardous if it contains a hazardous gas in excess of 10 percent of the hazardous material's:
Lower flammable limit means the lowest concentration of a material that will propagate a flame.
What is hazardous atmosphere?
It is an atmosphere that may expose employees to risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness from one or more of following causes
Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of lower flammable limit (LFL)Airborne combustible dust at concentration that meets or exceeds its LFLWhat is lower flammable limit?
It means the lowest concentration of a material that will propagate a flame. The LFL is usually expressed as percent by volume of material in air (or other oxidant)Atmospheres with concentration of flammable vapors at or above 10 percent of lower explosive limit (LEL) are considered hazardous when located in confined spaces. However, atmospheres with flammable vapors below 10 percent of LEL are not necessarily safe. Such atmospheres are too lean to burnLearn more about lower flammable limit at https://brainly.com/question/2456135
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Melting an ionic solid involves freeing the ions from their positions in the ionic crystal and separating them. Since the ions are held together by _____ electrostatic attractions, the amount of energy required is _____ and ionic solids therefore have relatively _____ melting points.
Melting an ionic solid involves freeing the ions from their positions in the ionic crystal and separating them. Since the ions are held together by strong electrostatic attractions, the amount of energy required is large and ionic solids therefore have relatively high melting points.
What are ionic Solids?
The crystalline solids are formed by neatly packed ions of opposite charge. Ionic compounds are formed when metals react with non-metals.Ionic solids are held together by electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.Due to presence of electrostatic forces of attraction between ions, a large amount of energy is required to break the ionic bonds between the atoms. Thus, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.In a reaction between metals and non-metals, metals loose electrons to complete their octet while non-metals gain electrons to complete their octet. Metals and non-metals react to form ionic compounds.Learn more about ionic compounds at https://brainly.com/question/2687188
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Which section most clearly supports the generalization that everyone uses the amazing substance known as glass?.
Option B. section seven most clearly supports the generalization that everyone uses the amazing substance known as glass.
In section 7 It turned via these natural occasions that human beings observed the superb substance called glass. After its discovery, human beings began manufacturing glass and its use of it for plenty of sensible and creative functions. today, glass is a crucial part of our everyday lives.
Glass is a non-crystalline, frequently transparent, amorphous solid that has huge practical, technological, and ornamental use in, for instance, window panes, tableware, and optics. Glass is most often formed by means of rapid cooling of the molten shape; some glasses consisting of volcanic glass are obviously taking place.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
Which section most clearly supports the generalization that everyone uses the amazing substance known as glass?
A) section three
B) section four
C) section five
D) section seven
gaseous methane will react with gaseous oxygen to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water . suppose 0.962 g of methane is mixed with 1.2 g of oxygen. calculate the maximum mass of water that could be produced by the chemical reaction. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The maximum mass of produced will be, 2.16 grams
What is molar mass ?
In chemistry, the molar mass of a chemical compound is defined as the mass of a sample of that compound divided by the amount of substance. This is the number of moles of that sample measured in moles. Molar mass is a mass property, not a molecular property of a substance. Molar mass is the average of many instances of a compound, which often differ in mass due to the presence of isotopes. Most commonly, molar mass is calculated from standard atomic masses, so it is a global average and a function of the relative isotopic abundances of constituent atoms on Earth. Molar mass is good for converting between the mass of a substance and the quantity of a bulk substance.
Mass of Methane = 0.962 g
Mass of oxygen= 1.2 g
Molar mass of Methane= 16 g/mole
Molar mass of Oxygen = 32 g/mole
Molar mass of Water = 18 g/mole
First we have to calculate the moles of and .
Now we have to calculate the limiting and excess reagent.
Moles of methane = 0.962 g/16 g/mole=0.060
Moles of oxygen = 1.2 g/32 g/mole=0.04
As, 1 moles of CH₄ react with 2 mole of O₂
So, 0.06 moles of methane react with 2 x 0.04 = 0.08 moles of oxygen
From this we conclude that, Oxygen is an excess reagent because the given moles are greater than the required moles and methane is a limiting reagent and it limits the formation of product.
Now we have to calculate the moles of .
As, 1 mole of react to give 2 moles of
So, 0.06 moles of methane react to give 0.06 x 2 = 0.12 moles of
Therefore, the maximum mass of produced will be, 2.16 grams.
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How many moles of Al are necessary to form 35.2 g of AlBr₃ from this reaction: 2 Al(s) + 3 Br₂(l) → 2 AlBr₃(s) ?
Based on the mole ratio, the number of moles of Al required to produce 35.2 g of AlBr₃ is 0.13 moles.
What is the mole ratio of the reaction?The mole ratio of the reaction is the ratio in which moles of reactants combine to form moles of product.
The mole ratio is obtained from the equation of the reaction.
Considering the given reaction equation below:
Al(s) + 3 Br₂(l) → 2 AlBr₃(s)
1 mole of Al produces 2 moles of AlBr₃ when reacted with 3 moles of Br₂
Molar mass of AlBr₃ = 267 g
Molar mass of Al = 27 g
Moles of Al required to produce 35.2 g of AlBr₃ = 35.2 * 27/267 * 1 mole/27
Moles of Al required to produce 35.2 g of AlBr₃ = 0.13 moles of Al
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What happens to liquid water when energy is transferred to it?
Answer:
below
Explanation:
First it warms up until it reaches the boiling point temperature ....add more energy and it will begin to boil ...continue adding energy and it will begin to vaporize into steam
Answer:
It evaporates the liquid water.
Explanation:
This energy exists in the form of heat. Evaporation happens when a liquid is heated. For example, as the sun heats water in a puddle, the puddle slowly shrinks. The water seems to disappear, but it moves into the air as a gas called water vapor.
why does the alkane not change color? choose all that apply. it is non reactive to bromine. it is reactive to bromine. there is no electron density for it to serve as an electrophile. there is no electron density for it to serve as a nucleophile.
Alkane hydrocarbons will not cause dissolution of bromine because alkanes do not have double bonds so they will not undergo addition reactions. Since alkanes do not have double bonds the red color of bromine does not change. The reaction that may occur in alkanes with bromine is a substitution reaction.
Addition ReactionAddition reactions are reactions that break a double bond. It can be used to distinguish alkenes from alkynes. This recognition reaction is carried out by adding bromine which is red brown. The addition reaction was indicated by the disappearance of the red-brown color from the bromine. The addition reaction was indicated by the disappearance of the red-brown color from the bromine.
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fill in the blank question. gram-positive and gram-negative are among the most significant infectious agents of humans.
Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci are among the most significant infectious agents of humans.
What are the important differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?Grаm-positive bаcteriа аre bаcteriа clаssified by the colour they turn in the stаining method. Hаns Christiаn Grаm developed the stаining method in 1884. The stаining method uses crystаl violet dye, which is retаined by the thick peptidoglycаn cell wаll found in grаm-positive orgаnisms. This reаction gives grаm-positive orgаnisms а blue colour when viewed under а microscope. Аlthough grаm-negаtive orgаnisms clаssicаlly hаve аn outer membrаne, they hаve а thinner peptidoglycаn lаyer, which does not hold the blue dye used in the initiаl dying process. Another informаtion used to differentiаte bаcteriа is the shаpe. Grаm-positive orgаnisms hаve а thicker peptidoglycаn cell wаll compаred with grаm-negаtive bаcteriа. It is а 20 to 80 nm thick polymer while the peptidoglycаn lаyer of the grаm-negаtive cell wаll is 2 to 3 nm thick аnd covered with аn outer lipid bilаyer membrаne.
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A chemist is trying to determine the molar mass of an unknown substance. What is the molar mass of this substance if she finds that 30.8 g contains 7.180x10^23 molecules?
I know the answer is 25.8, but I need to know the work needed to be done to get there.
Answer:
Explanation:
n=m/M=N/Na
where m represents mass
M represents molar mass
N represents Number of molecules
Na is avogadros constant which is denoted as 6.02*10^23
30.8/M=7.180*10^23/6.02*10^23
30.8/M=1.1927
M=30.8/1.1927=25.1g/mol
if i know neons atomic number is 10, what do i now know about the number of protons and electrons that neon contains?
Answer:
10
Explanation:
the atomic number shows how many protons and electrons there are
A solution is made by mixing 90.g of acetyl bromide CH3COBr and 89.g of benzene C6H6 . Calculate the mole fraction of acetyl bromide in this solution. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
The mole fraction of acetyl bromide in this solution is 0.39.
Calculation:-
The molar mass of CH3COBr,
MM = 2*MM(C) + 3*MM(H) + 1*MM(O) + 1*MM(Br)
= 2*12.01 + 3*1.008 + 1*16.0 + 1*79.9
= 122.944 g/mol
Molar mass of C6H6,
MM = 6*MM(C) + 6*MM(H)
= 6*12.01 + 6*1.008
= 78.108 g/mol
n(CH3COBr) = mass/molar mass
= 90.0/122.944
= 0.732
n(C6H6) = mass/molar mass
= 89.0/78.108
= 1.1394
n(CH3COBr),n1 = 0.732 mol
n(C6H6),n2 = 1.1394 mol
Total number of mol = n1+n2
= 0.732 + 1.1394
= 1.8715 mol
Mole fraction of CH3COBr:
X(CH3COBr) = n1/total mol
= 0.732/1.8715
= 0.39
The mole fraction can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of one component of the solution by the sum of the number of moles of all components of the solution. Take care that the sum of the mole fractions of all components in the solution is 1. Calculate the mole fraction of solute by dividing the number of moles of solute by the total number of moles of substance present in the solution.
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if the concentration of nacl is 7.61 m, when it begins to crystallize out of solution, then what is the ksp? ksp
If the concentration of NaCl is 7.61 m, when it begins to crystallize out of solution, then the Ksp is 57.91.
The dissociation reaction of NaCl is given as:
NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻
7.61 7.61
The Ksp for the following is given as :
ksp = [Na⁺] [Cl⁻]
⇒ksp = 7.61 × 7.61
⇒ksp = 57.91
When a solid substance dissolves into an aqueous solution, it posses a equilibrium constant which is known as solubility product constant, Ksp. The solubility product constant Ksp increases with increase in temperature and with increase in the solubility.
Thus, If the concentration of NaCl is 7.61 m, when it begins to crystallize out of solution, then the ksp is 57.91 .
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What happens to the atp molecule when a phosphate group is removed? (what does it turn into?).
When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule, energy is released.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy that powers cellular processes. It can be stored and used at any time for any reaction your cells require. It consists of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar bound to three phosphate groups that are tightly bound by phosphate anhydride bonds.
When the phosphate group is removed from the ATP molecule, this process is called hydrolysis. During the hydrolysis process, the phosphoanhydride bond is cleaved and ATP is converted to an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule. ADP is converted to AMP (adenosine monophosphate) when another bond is broken. These three types of energy are constantly being interconverted within the cell according to the demands of cellular processes.
When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule, energy is released. Hence, when ADP is formed from ATP by the loss of a phosphate group, energy is released.
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which compound in each of the following pairs of ionic substances has the most exothermic lattice energy? justify your answers. mgo, bas
The compounds of ionic substances with the most exothermic lattice energy are:
LiF, LiCl Mg(OH) 2, MgO Fe(OH) 2, Fe(OH) 3Correct answer: letters B, C y D.
This is because these ionic substances have the most exothermic lattice energy because they form ionic bonds, which are very strong, and these three alkali metals are in the first row of the periodic table.
What are the compounds with the highest exothermic lattice energy?The compounds of ionic substances with the most exothermic lattice energy are those in which the ions have the largest difference in electronegativity.
The lattice energy of an ionic substance is the energy required to completely separate the ions in the solid state. The compound with the most exothermic lattice energy is the one that is the most stable. In general, the larger the ionic radius, the more exothermic the lattice energy.
Which compound in each of the following pairs of ionic substances has the most exothermic lattice energy?
Group of answer choices:
a) NaCl, KCl
b) LiF, LiCl
c) Mg(OH) 2, MgO
d) Fe(OH) 2, Fe(OH) 3
e) NaCl, Na 2
f) MgO, BaS
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If 1500 liters of hard water contains .02 moles of calcium and .004 moles of magnesium how many moles of sodium are needed to replace these ions?
The magnesium ions require 0.04 moles of sodium ions while the calcium ions require 0.008 moles of the sodium ions.
How many moles of sodium can replace the ions?We know that is the presence of the calcium and the magnesium in water that makes the water hard. These ions are divalent and are often removed by the use of an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resin has the sodium ion at the surface which is easily exchanged for any of the hardness ions.
Given that;
2 moles of sodium reacts with 1 mole of magnesium
x moles of sodium reacts with 0.02 moles of magnesium
x = 0.04 moles of sodium ions
For calcium;
2 moles of sodium reacts with 1 mole of calcium
x moles of sodium reacts with 0.004 moles of calcium
x = 0.008 moles of sodium
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Benzene, a cancer-causing chemical, was recently detected in several batches of what product?.
Benzene , a cancer causing chemical was recently detected in several batches of dry shampoo products.
Cancer Causing materials are carcinogens and genetics. This can increase risk of developing cancer.Cancer is caused by changes of genes that changes the way of cell function.Some occur naturally when DNA is replicated during cell function.But some occur by the environmental exposure that damages DNA.
All substances that cause cancer are called carcinogens.According to the report of the national toxicology programme (NTP), benzene is a carcinogen,cancer causing chemical. High levels of benzene can cause cancer.High levels of benzene have been detected in several batches of dry shampoo products.Carcinogene which can cause cancer by acting with another chemical.
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On the basis of electronegativity, which pair of elements is most likely to form monatomic ions?
O Cl and Na
O Na and K
OK and Rb
O Ba and Ca
On the basis of electronegativity, Na and K is most likely to form monatomic ions.
A monatomic ion is an ion that is made of more than one atom and is from an element like calcium consisting of Ca²+ and a polyatomic ion that is Co²/³.
Many elements such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium consist of positively charged ions.
Other like fluoride, chlorine, and iodine, and hydride consist of negatively charged ions.
Ba and Ca form diatomic ions.
Thus the correct option is Na and Cl which is sodium and potassium.
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which compound is likely to conduct electricity when in aqueous solution? 1. phosphorous trichloride 2. carbon dioxide 3. calcium chloride 4. none of these is likely to conduct electricity in aqueous solution. 5. sulfur trioxide
The compound is likely to conduct electricity when in an aqueous solution of calcium chloride. Option 3.
Sodium chloride in its aqueous state can conduct electricity due to the presence of free ions, whereas urea glucose and sucrose, which are not electrolytes, do not conduct electricity. An aqueous solution is a water that contains one or more solutes.
Solutes in aqueous solutions can be solids gases or other liquids. A mixture must be stable to be a true solution. Aqueous in a chemical formula indicates that the substance is dispersed in water. For example, if you pour caustic soda into dilute hydrochloric acid, you get an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. The liquid is used to indicate the formation of liquid substances in reactions.
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PLEASE HELP FAST 30 POINTS!!! YOU WILL SAVE MY LIFE TY TY TY!!!!!!
In the Lewis structure of acetic acid, there are 7 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond. Sigma bonds are the strongest covalent bond while pi bonds are covalent bonds where orbitals overlap laterally.
What are Lewis structures?Lewis structures are also called as electron dot structures and can be drawn if the molecular formula of a compound is known. It provides information regarding the nature of bond and the position of atoms .
They are also capable of exhibiting the lone pair if any present in a molecule or compound.Lewis defined a base to be an electron pair donor and an acid to be an electron pair acceptor.
They are capable of reflecting electronic structure of elements and even the pairing of electrons . In the diagram, each dot represents an electron while a pair of dots represent a bond between the atoms.
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Why does the developing chamber need to be prepared before adding the tlc plate?.
In the process of TLC covering the beaker is necessary to ensure that the atmosphere inside is completely saturated with solvent vapour. To aid with this, the beaker is frequently lined with some filter paper that has been dipped in solvent. The solvent won't evaporate as it rises up the plate if there is enough vapour in the beaker to completely fill the atmosphere.
Describe chromatography.
Chromatography is a technique for decomposing mixtures of substances into their constituent parts. The same idea underlies all chromatographic techniques. The stationary phase of all of them is either a solid or a liquid supported by a solid, and the mobile phase is present (a liquid or a gas). The stationary phase is traversed by the mobile phase, which transports the mixture's constituents along with it. The speed of various components varies.Thin film chromatography, often known as TLC, is a quick, easy, and affordable process that provides chemists with an immediate answer regarding the number of components in a combination. When a compound's Rf is compared to the Rf of another compound that is known to be in the mixture, TLC is also utilized to support the identity of that compound.
Setting up the development container
The container used for TLC development can be a specifically constructed chamber, a jar with a lid, or a beaker with a watch glass on top (the latter is used in the undergrad labs at CU). Just under 0.5 cm of solvent should be poured into the chamber. You can line a portion of the inside of the beaker with filter paper to help with the solvent vapour saturation of the TLC chamber. The beaker should be covered with a watch glass, gently stirred, and left to stand while you make your TLC dish.
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difference between steam distillation and fractional distillation
According to the research, the correct answer is that steam distillation the components of a mixture are separated by direct injection of steam while in fractional distillation vaporization and condensation occur successively.
What is distillation?It is a process that allows the separation of mixtures in the liquid phase into their individual components.
In this sense, fractional distillation requires a fractionating column and is used when the boiling points of the volatiles in the liquid mixture are below 80 °C.
On the other hand, steam distillation is used to purify or isolate the compounds whose boiling point is very high based on a steam separation.
Therefore, we can conclude that in steam distillation a current of water vapor is passed while in fractional distillation a vaporization and condensation of the volatile component is carried out.
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Please help me answer this question
Answer:
Q2 Ga3+
Q3 There are no gaps/sticks between the potassium ions and the sulfur ions.
Explanation:
A solution was found to have a 15. 6 % transmittance at 500 nm, its wavelength of maximum absorption, using a cell with a path length of 5. 00 cm. Calculate the absorbance of the solution in a 1. 00 cm cell at 500 nm.
The correct answer is 0.16138
Solution:
Percentage transmission (%T) of the sample = 15.6
Therefore, Absorbance (A) 2 – log (%T) = 2 – log (15.6) = 0.8069
Use Beer’s law:
A = ε*c*l where ε = molar absorptivity of the solution, c = concentration of the solution, and l = path length of the solution.
Given A = 0.8069 and l = 5.00 cm, we must have
0.8069 = ε*c*(5.00 cm)
ε*c = 0.16138 cm-1
For the next part, assume that ε*c remains constant and we have
A’ = ε*c*l’ where l = 1.00 cm.
Plug in values and write
A’ = (0.16138 cm-1)*(1.00 cm) = 0.16138
The ratio of the light intensity entering the sample to the light intensity exiting the sample at a particular wavelength is defined as the transmittance. Absorption and transmission are two related and different quantities used in spectroscopy. The main difference between absorption and transmission is that absorption measures how much incident light is absorbed as it travels through the material, while transmission measures how much light is transmitted.
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a common polymorphism in the us population is a variant o n5,n10-methylene-fh4 reductase, which has a reduced activity as compared to the normal enzyme. a person expressing this variant enzyme would have difficulty producing which one of the following
The thymine nucleotide is required for DNA synthesis.
The only pyrimidine that requires folate for its synthesis is thymine. Folate is required for the incorporation of carbons 2 and 8 into all purine molecules. The synthesis of creatine phosphate and of phosphatidylcholine does not require folate. Folate deficiencies during pregnancy can lead to neural tube defects in the fetus.
Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis requires ribonucleotide reductase which uses thioredoxin and does not require a folate derivative. Genetic variability of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters has been related to interindividual variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Such differences might also result in variants in drug efficacy safety and remedy effects in some of the often prescribed drugs3.
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las características físicas y químicas de los ácidos
Answer:
acidos
Explanation:
los conductores de energía eléctrica: es decir, este tipo de energía fluye con facilidad a través de sus iones. Al reaccionar con metales generan hidrógeno (H) y sal. Al reaccionar con bases o con óxidos metálicas generan agua
Among the halogens F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2, an increase in which of the following types of intermolecular forces causes an increase in boiling point going down the group?
E. Dipole-dipole forces
F. Ion-dipole forces
G. Ion-induced dipole forces
H. London dispersion forces
All halogen elements exist as diatomic molecules: F2, Cl2, etc. The intermolecular attractions between one molecule and its neighbors are van der Waals dispersion forces these forces cause an increase in boiling points down the group.
The size of the molecules increases down the group. This increase in size means an increase in the strength of the van der Waals forces.
B.P (°C) F < Cl < Br < I < At
-188 - 35 58 184 337
The boiling points of F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 are determined by the magnitude of the intermolecular dispersion forces. The larger the atom, the higher the polarizability of the electron cloud and the greater the dispersion force. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules. The presence of hydrogen bonds greatly increases the boiling point of a substance. A plot of the hydride boiling points for group 4 shows a steady increase as you go down the group from CH4 to SnH4.
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