Death was taboo to discuss since it was seen as a curse that could befall one's family and house. (False)
What is a curse?a technique or charm used to make someone else's luck worse. praying for bad luck, evil, doom, etc. to befall someone or something.
The so-called "Dark Ages," which spanned the fifth through the fifteenth centuries, lasted 900 years. The time span includes both the Renaissance and the disintegration of the Roman Empire. Unfortunately, it stuck, and historians started using the term pejoratively to describe a period of superstition and a decrease in the arts, sciences, and intellectualism as "dark." The belief that these were the "Dark Ages," when illiterate people prowled the night, and the phrase "Dark Ages" remained.
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What was the US policy of isolationism in 1920s?
Isolationist tactics were implemented by the U.S. during the 1920s, and one example of this was the decision not to affix its flag to the growing League of Nations.
Why remained America an isolationist nation?The 1930s saw a rise in isolationism in American public opinion and policy as a result of a combination of the Great Depression and the recollection of horrific losses in World War I. Isolationism promoted staying out of international affairs and refraining from getting involved in wars in Europe and Asia. Isolationism is a political theory that supports a national foreign policy that rejects participation in the political affairs, and particularly the wars, of other nations. Consequently, isolationism is opposed to military alliances and mutual defense pacts and basically supports neutrality.
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The Pequot peoples worked with the Dutch to control most of the____in the region.
A. food supply
B. tobacco farms
C. fur trade
OD. horse trading
SUBMIT
in
The answer is option C: "fur trade."
The fur trade was a significant economic activity in many parts of North America in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Pequot people were a Native American tribe that lived in what is now Connecticut and Rhode Island. The Dutch were a major European trading power at the time, and they established colonies in the northeastern part of North America in the early 1600s. It is likely that the Pequot people worked with the Dutch to control the fur trade in the region, rather than other economic activities such as food supply, tobacco farming, or horse trading.
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During Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, those who protested against the leadership of the colony were chiefly
During Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, people who protested against the leadership of the colony were chiefly "small farmers who wanted to settle on Native American lands".
Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was the final significant insurrection in Colonial Virginia of enslaved blacks and white indentured servants. The failed revolt resulted in the strengthening of African slavery and the social division of blacks and whites in Virginia.
Bacon Rebellion's aim was to remove all Native Americans from the colony and people who protested against the leadership of the colony and stood by him were primarily small farmers who wanted to settle on Native American lands.
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Was Joseph Stalin most responsible for the Cold War?
Was Joseph Stalin responsible for the Cold War? Historians are divided on the question of who started the Cold War.
Some argue that the Soviets under Joseph Stalin’s leadership was most responsible because Stalin could not be trusted and containment was a logical response to his expansionist ambitions.
What did relief programs do?
One of the things that aid programs do is increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the National Health System, among other things
Relief programs GoalsIncrease the population's access to health servicesIncrease surveillance, regulation, promotion and prevention of health.Increase citizen satisfaction with respect to health serviceIncrease the capabilities and skills of human talent.Increase the efficient use of the budget.Increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the operational activities of the Ministry of Public Health and affiliated entitiesIncrease the development of science and technology based on health prioritiesFor more about relief programs here https://brainly.com/question/22186567
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What were three effects of British rule in India?
The three effects of British rule in India have been explained below.
The 3 effects of British rule in India are as follows:
(i) Colonial Exploitation: due to Malpractices in trade, The Britishers exploited India by following the given practices offered by trade: They collected raw materials for making products for British industries from India. They sold readymade goods of British industries in India. To encourage the above trade, no duty or taxes were charged on imports from Britain, and subsidies were given for exporting raw materials to Britain.
(ii) Use of British Capital to Exploit Country's Resources:
The Britishers used their money, capital, and entrepreneurial skills to exploit the natural resources of India and cheap labor resources. for importing these resources the Britishers invested in mining and plantation industries and paid very low wages to the workers in spite of very unsafe working conditions.
(iii) The positive effects:
The economy of the Indian subcontinent underwent a significant change with the advent of new technologies such as sailing ships, telegraphs, and railroads. The Sati Regulation Act passed on December 4, 1829, put an end to societal merciless issues like Sati and to some extent, damaged the caste system. The Britishers also made significant cultural advancements in India.
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10-3 Reconstruction Ends
The Grant Administration
As commander of the Union forces, Ulysses S. Grant had led the North to victory in the Civil War. His reputation then carried him to the presidency in the election of 1868. Unfortunately, Grant had little political experience. He believed that the president’s role was to carry out the laws. He left the development of policy to Congress. This made him weak and ineffective. In time, his lack of political experience helped split the Republican Party. It also damaged public support for Reconstruction.
The Republican Split
During Grant’s first term in office, the Republican-controlled Congress continued to enforce Reconstruction. It also expanded its economic programs. It kept tariffs high, tightened banking rules, and increased federal spending on infrastructure. Taxes on alcohol and tobacco, nicknamed “sin taxes” and begun as emergency measures during the war, were kept.
Democrats attacked these Republican economic policies. They argued that wealthy Americans had
too much influence in Grant’s administration. Some Republicans, known as Liberal Republicans,
agreed. The Liberal Republicans tried to prevent Grant from being nominated for president again in
1872. When that failed, they split the Republican Party by nominating their own candidate, publisher
Horace Greeley. To attract Southern support, the Liberal Republicans promised to pardon nearly all
former Confederates. They also promised to remove Union troops from the South. Then, believing that
only a united effort would defeat Grant, the Democratic Party also nominated Greeley. Despite the
split in his own party and Greeley’s passionate campaigning, Grant won the election easily.
A series of scandals hurt Grant’s administration during his second term. Grant’s secretary of war,
William Belknap, had taken bribes from merchants at Western army posts. Belknap quit his job to
avoid impeachment. In 1875 the Whiskey Ring scandal broke. Government officials and distillers in St.
Louis, Missouri, had filed false tax reports. They had cheated the government out of millions of dollars.
Reportedly, Grant’s private secretary, Orville E. Babcock, was involved. However, this was never proven.
The Panic of 1873
In addition to the political scandals of Grant’s second term, the nation went through a deep economic crisis.
The turmoil started in 1873. That year, a series of bad investments forced the powerful banking firm of Jay Cooke and Company to go bankrupt. A wave of fear known as the Panic of 1873 quickly spread. Dozens of smaller banks closed. The stock market fell sharply. Thousands of businesses shut down, and unemployment soared. The administration scandals and the growing economic depression hurt the Republicans politically. In the 1874 midterm elections, the Democrats won control of the House of Representatives. They also made gains in the Senate.
Tell me four things you learned about this section
The four things I learned about this section is: The Grant Administration, The Republican Split, Democrats attacked Grant's Republican economic policies, and The Panic of 1873.
What was the The Panic of 1873?The 1873 Panic was a financial crisis that precipitated an economic depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 to 1877 or 1879 in France and the United Kingdom. The 1873 Panic and subsequent Depression had several underlying causes, the relative importance of which economic historians debate.
A series of bad investments forced the powerful banking firm of Jay Cooke and Company to go bankrupt. A wave of fear known as the Panic of 1873 quickly spread. Dozens of smaller banks closed. The stock market fell sharply. Thousands of businesses shut down, and unemployment soared.
Therefore, the Panic of 1873 was known as the Great Depression until the events of 1929.
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which of the following best describes the origins of theis quotation as it relates to womens equality
Other options for the question were:
A). It is from the US Constitution and written during the Second Continental Convention by Abigail Adams.
B). It is from the Declaration of Independence and written by the founders of the United States.
C). It is the Seneca Falls convention, using language from the Declaration of Independence.
D). It is from the National Woman Suffrage Association's charter, written by Susan B. Anthony.
The best describes the origins of this quotation as it relates to women's equality is from the Seneca Falls convention, using language from the Declaration of Independence (C).
The quotation says "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that men and women were created equal." The Seneca Falls Convention was held in Senecal Falls, New York in July 1848, and it was the first convention that gathered many women to demand the right to vote and to end discrimination based on race and gender. It was organized by the name Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Jane Hunt.
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What is World War II mobilization?
The time has come for mobilization, which is when a nation reallocates its resources to gather, assemble, and equip its armed forces for combat. The size of the armies gathered during the Civil War, with millions of soldiers enlisting at various stages, suggested a new era.
What does project mobilization entail?
There is a brief period known as the mobilization phase that occurs between the conclusion of the construction documents and the start of work. Contract issuance and general contract award completion (small project) are the two key areas of focus during mobilization (large project)
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how did repurposing of factories after the war lead to labor unrest after world war i?
Instead of purchasing war bonds, Americans rushed to purchase consumer items after the conflict. Inflation was brought on by the commodities' lack and the high demand for them.
Employers were unwilling to offer raises or permit unionization of their workforces. Why did the general people start to dislike strikers? The general population thought that the strikes were a part of an anti-American revolution. Demand soared after the war's limitations on basic supplies and food were lifted. Demand growth resulted in inflation or sharp price increases. The workforce wanted a raise. Labor disputes would hinder production and put the US war effort in jeopardy. Military rationing set allotments of necessary supplies Newton Baker the American Secretary of War during World War I.
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This is the name given a warlike, belligerent stance that urges the "bullying" of other countries in order to benefit the person's own country. It is associated with the Age of Imperialism, particularly the Spanish-American War. This is the name given a warlike, belligerent stance that urges the "bullying" of other countries in order to benefit the person's own country. It is associated with the Age of Imperialism, particularly the Spanish-American War
Jingoism This is the term used to describe an aggressive, belligerent approach that encourages "bullying" other nations in order to advance the interests of the individual's own.
Which behaviors constitute jingoism?Jingoism is nationalism when it takes the shape of an aggressive and pro-active foreign policy, such as when a nation advocates the use of threats or actual force in place of peaceful relations in an effort to protect what it believes to be its national interests. Jingoism is an extreme form of patriotism. People may accuse you of jingoism if you won't consume, read, wear, or discuss anything that wasn't produced in your own nation.
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Has the role of the individual been the main factor in developing the treatment of disease in Britain? Explain your answer with reference to the role of the individual and other factors. Use a range of examples from c1000 to the present day.
Answer:
The role of the individual has been an important factor in developing the treatment of disease in Britain, but it is not the only factor.
Explanation:
For example, from c1000 to the present day, advances in medical and scientific research, new government legislation, changes in understanding about the human body, and reform of housing, health and education have all contributed to transforming the lives and health of people throughout Britain. Additionally, the development of public health agencies and institutions, and the creation of the NHS in the 1940s, have been instrumental in improving the treatment of disease in Britain.
How has the physical geography and climate affected the diversity of cultures in Sub Saharan Africa?
what was one way Jews were discriminated against during the Nazi occupation of Amsterdam in the early 1940s
In Amsterdam in the early 1940s, the only method the Nazis employed to discriminate against Jews was to close Jewish schools and houses of worship.
The core of Nazi philosophy was virulent antisemitism. They have consistently attempted to discriminate against Jews and impede their economic advancement. The Holocaust was a process that began with prejudice toward Jews and resulted in the deaths of millions of people.
Jewish-owned enterprises were also closed down, and large sums of money were seized. The Star of David had to be displayed on Jewish clothes as well otherwise they will get butchered by the Nazis.
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What were the 2 most important New Deal programs?
The 2 most important New Deal programs: Two prominent actions were the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1934 to be a watchdog over the stock market and police dishonest practices.
Purposes of the New Deal ProgramsMostly enacted during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1938, the New Deal was implemented through legislation enacted by Congress and presidential executive orders. The programs addressed what historians call the “3 Rs” of dealing with the depression, Relief, Recovery, and Reform—relief for the poor and jobless, recovery of the economy, and reform of the nation’s financial system to safeguard against future depressions.
The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 to 1939, was the largest and most significant economic depression to affect both the United States and all Western countries. The stock market crash on Oct. 29, 1929, is infamously known as Black Tuesday, when stocks fell 13.5%. The next day's drop of 11.7% and a total decline of 55% between 1929 and 1933 made it the worst stock market decline in the history of the United States. Heavy speculation during the rising economy of the 1920s combined with widespread buying on margin (borrowing a large percentage of the cost of investment) were factors in the crash. It marked the beginning of the Great Depression.
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What positions did the West take on tariffs and a federal
role in promoting economic growth?
Tariffs, banking, and internal improvements were generally supported by Northerners and Westerners, but Southerners opposed them as policies that harmed their region and gave the federal government too much authority.
Tariffs provide benefits to whom?Tariff advantages are distributed unevenly. Because a tariff is a tax, the government's income will grow as more imports reach the local market. Domestic sectors gain from less competition as well, because import prices are artificially inflated.
Unfortunately, rising import prices indicate higher prices for consumers—both individual consumers and corporations. When the price of steel rises owing to tariffs, individual consumers pay more for steel-based items, and companies pay more for steel used to manufacture goods. Tariffs and trade barriers, in summary, tend to be pro-producer and anti-consumer.
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what other sources might help us better understand but what life was like for people living in the Maury’s empire while Ashoka was the king?
Would you want to live in the Mauryan under Ashoka Rock and pillar edicts
Each project undertaken by King Ashoka might be seen as a source of knowledge or proof of his efforts to advance a more equitable and compassionate society.
Who is Ashoka?Ashoka is regarded as India's first ruler. His personality was impacted by the bloodshed he experienced during the journey of ascending to the throne, and he made Buddhism the heart of his empire.
We might be able to comprehend the meaning of the culture of peace and hence have a greater comprehension of life throughout his reign. The majority of what is understood about King Ashoka's rule is based by edicts carved into stones and pillars.
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The Western Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade is best characterized as a. Uniracial b. Multiracial c. Biracial d. None of the above
The Western Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade is best characterized as uniracial.
Approximately 10 million to 12 million enslaved Africans were carried through the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, a component of the global slave trade, from the 16th to the 19th centuries to the Americas. The so-called triangle trade, which involved the movement of slaves from Africa to the Americas, the transfer of sugar and coffee from Americas to Europe, and the movement of guns, textiles, and wine from from Europe to Africa, was then in the second of its three stages.
The slave trade had quite a disastrous effect on Africa. A culture of anarchy and violence was encouraged by the financial incentives provided to warlords and tribes to trade in human slaves
The correct answer is option a.
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3. The Germans did not follow international law that required a sub warn its target. What was a result of this action
Answer:
Please read below:
Explanation:
A result of Germany not following international law was that they caused an international outcry and condemnation from the rest of the world. This was seen as a violation of the freedom of the seas and a breach of the safety of merchant vessels, which had been previously respected. This caused a strained and hostile relationship between Germany and the rest of the world, and ultimately led to the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
Match the following. rejected by Saul; wandered in exile: Choose... rejected by Israelites; lived in exile: Choose... rejected by brothers; lived in slavery: Choose... exalted to become leader of his people: Choose... exalted to become king of Israel: Choose... exalted to become second only to Pharaoh: Choose...
The 12- Tribes of Israel's leaders were Jacob's 12 sons. Later, the Israelites were compelled to depart Canaan due to a food scarcity.
What led to savagery?Slavery was introduced to the west in the 1500s by European immigrants. When white settlers were unable to get economical labor from other sources, they began to rely more on acquired slaves from Africa.By the early 1700s, the term "enslavement" had come to mean African servitude in British North America.
Who abolished slavery?His efforts were successful as the bill was approved by the House in January 1865 with a vote of 119-56.President Abraham Lincoln signed the Democratic Resolution of Congress presenting the draft amendment to state legislatures on February 1, 1865.
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What was the main purpose of the Parthenon at the time it was built?
The main reason for the Parthenon at the time it was fabricated was that Parthenon was to be the central sanctum to Athena and the depository of the Delian Association, an alliance of old Greek states under the authority of Athens, established in 478 BCE.
The temple known as the Parthenon was based on the Acropolis of Athens somewhere in the range of 447 and 438 B. CE. It was essential for a huge structure program engineered by the Athenian legislator Perikles. Inside the sanctuary stood a goliath sculpture addressing Athena, the supporter goddess of the city.
The Parthenon is in many cases viewed as a landmark to a majority rules government, which was established in Athens during this period, as well as a recognition of the Athenians' triumph in the Greco-Persian Conflicts (492-449 BCE).
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Read the excerpt from Alabama's ordinance of sessions select two highlighted text examples that provide reasons for Alabama session
Answer:
An Ordinance to dissolve the union between the State of Alabama and the other States united under the compact styled "The Constitution of the United States of America"
Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of president and vice-president of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions of the constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the Northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security, therefore:
Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State.
Sec 2. Be it further declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That all powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America, be and they are hereby withdrawn from said Government and are hereby resumed and vested in the people of the State of Alabama.
And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States,
Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in Convention, on the 4th day of February, A.D., 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our common peace and security.
And be it further resolved, That the President of this Convention, be and is hereby instructed to transmit forthwith a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of the several States named in said resolutions.
Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh day of January, A.D. 1861.
Question 2 of 5
Which phrase best completes this list?
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
New job opportunities
More efficient production of goods
Lower prices on goods
?
A. Closing of factories
O B. Fewer women being employed
C. Greater value placed on handmade goods
O D. Growth of cities
SUBMIT
PREVIOUS
More and more rural people moved to the metropolis as industrialization advanced in quest of greater income in the industries.
What kind of revolution is that?Social revolutions, proletarian but rather communist renaissance (inspired by Marxist ideas that seek to replace corporatism with Communism), failed or ultimately futile revolutions (revolutions which fail to secure power after fleeting victories or significant gains), and other revolutions have also been created for other typologies.
Which seven sorts of revolutions exist?Population and demography, management systems, technology, knowledge, economic integration, conflict, and the issue of governance are among the seven revolutions. No mater where you reside, these challenges are urgent, Peterson added. He described the impact that each revolution will have on world societies.
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I am very happy that my mother of knowledge ha now become a college''. Thee word about Sindh Madraa-ul-
Ilam Karachi were poken by:
There may be more similarities between these three monotheistic religions than the ordinary individual recognizes.
Religion is the relationship that people have with things they identify as sacred, protected, categorical, religious, divine, or deserving of special attention. It is all too frequently assumed that it consists of people managing their final anxieties about their lives and what will happen to them after death. Christianity and Islam, two additional good moral traditions, were impacted by the monotheistic ideal. Again, the main effects came from Judaism's moral instruction and the appeal of a special day for relaxation. The emphasis on moral behavior had an impact on the rise of standards in many nations. The monotheistic beliefs of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are three of the world's major faiths. All three originated in the Near East and are intimately related to one another.
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which of the following phrases define the term altituide
Altitude is the height of an object or point above a reference level, often the ground or sea level.
In 1953, Friedson criticized the view of the media audience as a mass audience, arguing that people use media within a(n) ______ context
In 1953, Friedson criticized the view of the media audience as a mass audience, arguing that people use media within an interpersonal context.
It should be noted that when the information is successfully transmitted to the recipient, communication is said to be successful.Typically, information transmission is the definition of communication. The term can also refer to the message itself or the discipline of communication studies, which studies these transmissions. There are four primary modes of communication: assertive as well as passive and aggressive. Understanding the reasons behind each communication style is essential.
The act of a message from one party to another via a particular medium is referred to as communication.When it comes to media, effective communication means that the information is conveyed to the recipient successfully and is understood by the recipient.
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What did Fred Korematsu fight for?
Fred Korematsu received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998.
His road to that point began during World War II when he resisted being compelled to enter a Japanese-American relocation centre where families were housed in horse stalls at a deserted racetrack until they were transferred to far-flung internment camps in the West.
After being detained, Korematsu was found guilty of disobeying the ruling. In his reply, he claimed that because habeas corpus had not been suspended and his right to liberty was being violated by military action without due process of law, Executive Order 9066 was in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.
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the use of public exdcution remained an important feature of the penal system in the years c1500-c1900 16 marker
The use of public execution in 1500-1900 C is common offenders were frequently hanged, drawn, disembowelled, and quartered. The most frequent forms of punishment were still fines, the pillory, stocks, flogging, maiming, hanging, and burning.
What is public execution?A public execution is a form of capital punishment which members of the general public may voluntarily attend. This definition excludes the presence of only a small number of witnesses called upon to assure executive accountability. The purpose of such displays has historically been to deter individuals from defying laws or authorities.
Attendance at such events was historically encouraged and sometimes even mandatory.
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What policy did John Hay propose to open up trade with China?
Hay advocated for a free, open market and equal commercial opportunity for merchants of all nationalities working in China, citing the Treaties of Wangxia and Tianjin as foundations.
What was the identity of John Hay?John Milton Hay was an American statesman and official who served in the government for nearly 50 years. Beginning as a private secretary and aide to Abraham Lincoln, he rose to become Secretary of State of the United States under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was also a biographer and poet who authored poetry and other works for much of his life.
Hay, who was born in Indiana to an anti-slavery family that relocated to Warsaw, Illinois, showed remarkable promise from an early age and was sent to Brown University by his family. After graduating in 1858, Hay studied law in his uncle's practice in Springfield, Illinois, next to Lincoln's.
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This map shows Latin America in 1819. Gran Colombia was comprised of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador. Due to much political instability throughout Latin America at this time, Gran Colombia was formed to attempt to maintain and secure the territory. The organization of allying neighboring countries is called a colony. newly formed country. confederation. dictatorship.
This map shows Latin America in 1819. Gran Colombia was comprised of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador. Due to much political instability throughout Latin America at this time, Gran Colombia was formed to attempt to maintain and secure the territory. The organization of allying neighboring countries is called a colony. newly formed country is confederation.
However, the South American revolution took place in quite different circumstances than the American one, thus the optimism was short-lived. Gran Colombia's map gradually started to emphasise fragmentation over expansion as the primary motif. North America was densely inhabited by land-owning colonists who drove away the native population, in contrast to the Spanish who centralised power and land in the hands of a small number of individuals while using Indians as a class of labourers. For the union to be successful, the tensions between Pardos, slaves, Creoles, Native Americans, and Spanish peninsulares also appeared to be too challenging.
Bolivar's ideal of a democratic union of independent republics was dimmed by the realities he experienced, and he rapidly came to the conclusion that his people in South America were unable to realise their rights under a system of self-government. Finally, in 1828, he built a centralised administration and proclaimed himself dictator. In 1830, feeling defeated by the fall of his cabinet, he announced his resignation. After the Gran Colombia state was dismantled in 1831, nations with little experience with representative government were left in its wake. This sparked a cycle of revolution and counter-revolution in which wealthy elites would manipulate the system to maintain the unfair status quo. Gran Colombia ultimately collapsed because of a patchy legal system and a lack of widespread property ownership.
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