URGENT PLEASE HELP

1) The following balanced chemical equations are for based on the combustions of various fuels. Calculate the heats of combustion for each reaction

a. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) à 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)






b. 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) à 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)











c. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) à 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)











2) Express the heats of combustion from the above reactions as energy changes per mole of fuel combusted. State the reason why energy changes are often expressed per mole of reactant.





3) An Electric Generator burns gasoline to produce electricity. The balanced equation is below:


2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) à 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)


a. Calculate the energy change for the burning of gasoline.











b. If the generator produces 2000kJ of electrical energy for every mole of gasoline combusted calculate the efficiency of the generator.

Answer:

Because the atoms are trying to reach the most stable ( lowest energy ) state they can.

The first reaction is a first order reaction and the unit of rate constant is s⁻¹. The second one is also a first order reaction with the same unit. Third one is a third order reaction with the unit for k as L² mol⁻² s⁻¹.

Rate of a reaction is the rate of decrease in concentration of the reactants or increase in concentration of the products. The rate is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants and the rate law is written as:

rate = k [reactants]

where, the proportionality constant k is called the rate constant.

The order of a reaction is the sum of powers of the molar concentration of reactants. Thus, each reaction vary in order and the order of reaction also depends on the steps in the reaction.

The general formula of the unit of rate constant is L⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ mol⁽¹⁻ⁿ⁾ s⁻¹. Hence,  first reaction is a first order reaction and the unit of rate constant is s⁻¹. The second one is also a first order reaction with the same unit.

Third one is a third order reaction with the unit for k as L² mol⁻² s⁻¹. The fourth one is a second order reaction. Thus, unit of rate constant is L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹.

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Answer:

40.10 atm. is answer i think ....

The molecular weight of [tex](NH_4)_2SO_4[/tex] would be 132 g/mol.

The molecular weight, otherwise known as the molar mass of substances is the sum of the molar weights of individual atoms that make up the substance.

[tex](NH_4)_2SO_4[/tex] is made up of 2 atoms of N, 8 atoms of H, 1 atom of S, and 4 atoms of O.

Thus, the molecular weight of [tex](NH_4)_2SO_4[/tex] = (14x2) + (1x8) + 32 + (16x4)

                                                                     = 132 g/mol

In other words, the molecular weight of [tex](NH_4)_2SO_4[/tex] is 132 g/mol.

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The limiting reactant would be calcium and the amount of product that can be made would be 7.14 grams.

Calcium reacts with oxygen to form calcium oxide according to the following balanced equation:

[tex]2Ca + O_2 --- > 2CaO[/tex]

In other words, the mole ratio of Ca to O is 2:1.

Mole of 35.1 g Ca = 35.1/40 = 0.1275

Mole of 37.1 g O = 37.1/16 = 2.3188

This means that oxygen is in excess while Ca is the limiting reagent.

The mole ratio of Ca to CaO is 1:1, thus the equivalent amount of CaO that will be produced will also be 0.1275 moles.

Mass of 0.1275 moles CaO = 0.1275 x 56 = 7.14 grams

In other words, the limiting reactant of the reaction is calcium while the amount of the product that can be made is 7.14 grams.

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The temperature of both the reactants and the pace of reaction are correlated in the chemical reaction of baking soda and vinegar the warmth of the reactants causes a raise in the rate of action and vice versa.

When two or more compounds come into touch with one another and create a new substance, the process is known as a chemical reaction (s). Reactants or reagents are the name(s) for the substance(s) or substances that are initially incorporated into the chemical process.

A few synthesis processes can produce several products. One of the more significant chemical processes on Earth is photosynthesis. It enables some microorganisms and plants to transform carbon dioxide gas and water into storable glucose and oxygen. For life to exist on Earth, we need this oxygen.

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Based on the given half-life, the amount of time it takes for 3/4 of a radioactive sample of an isotope of bromine to decay is 33 hours.

The time needed for a quantity to decrease to half of its initial value is known as the half-life. In nuclear physics, the phrase is frequently used to indicate how rapidly unstable atoms decay radioactively or how long stable atoms last.

Any substance that contains unstable atoms that release ionizing radiation during their natural decay is considered radioactive material.

Given the half-life of the radioactive sample of an isotope of bromine to be 16.5 hours. The amount of time it takes for 3/4 of a radioactive sample of an isotope of bromine to decay is calculated as follows:

After one half-life, half of the sample remains, and half decays

After two half-lives, 1/4 of the sample remains, and 3/4 decays

The time for two half-lives = 16.5 hours * 2

The time for two half-lives = 33 hours.

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Answer: this looks hard

Explanation:

Answer:

1 Na2S  + 2 HCl  ===>   2 NaCl  + 1 H2S

In these reactions, two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.

Explanation:

--- Na2S + ---- HCl ===> ---- NaCl  + ---- H2S

Na  =  2                                  Na = 1 * 2 = 2

S  = 1                                       S = 1

H = 1 * 2 = 2                             H = 2

Cl = 1 * 2 = 2                            Cl = 1 * 2 = Cl

In these reactions, two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.

REACTION TYPE:

DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION/DOUBLE REPLACEMENT

I hope that helps, have a wonderful day!!!!

The states of matter and balanced equations are as follows:

Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed during chemical reactions, but atoms in the reactants do not disappear and new atoms do not form products. Chemical reactions do not create or destroy atoms. The same atoms that were present in the reactants are present in the products—they are just rearranged in different configurations. must exist in

The subscript is part of the formula and should not be changed once the reactant and product formulas have been determined. The coefficients indicate the number of each substance involved in the reaction and can be changed to balance the equation.

In the presence of heat Gold (ll) acetate decomposes:

Au(C₂H₃O₂)₂ (s) --> Au (s) + 2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (g)

Aluminum wire is added to the solution of nickel (ll) nitrate:

Al (s) + Ni(NO₃)₂ (aq) --> Al(NO₃)₃ (aq) + Ni (s)

A solution of sodium phosphate is added to the solution of ammonium chromate:

Na₃PO₄ (aq) + NH₄CrO₄ (aq) --> NaCrO₄ (aq) + NH₄PO₄ (aq)

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Answer:

The last one.

Explanation:

The other ones add more force or give the same but the last one reduces it.

Based on the information provided, I would recommend the Sunburst Variety of corn as the best choice for growing in the drought conditions of the desert environment.

Sunburst Variety of corn has been specifically developed to be drought-tolerant, meaning that it can survive and produce a good yield even with minimal rainfall.

Therefore, I would recommend the Sunburst variety of corn as the best choice for growing in the desert environment due to its drought-tolerance, deep root system, heat tolerance, high yield, and good quality grain.

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Answer: A balanced chemical reaction is A balanced chemical equation where the number of atoms of each type in the response is the same on both reactants and product sides.

Explanation: Burning, and cooking are 2 examples.

The new volume of the gas will be 1.85L.

According to Boyle's Law, as pressure lowers, gas volume grows. According to Charles' Law, when the temperature rises, the volume of the gas also rises. Avogadro's Law also states that as the amount of gas increases, so does the volume of the gas.

Given, initial volume of gas V1 = 2L

initial temp T1 = 273K

initial pressure P1 = 101.3 kPa

final temperature, T2 = 500K

Final pressure, P2 = 200 kPa

let final or new volume be V,

now for a constant moles of gas,

by using ideal gas equation,

P1×V1/T1 = P2×V/T2

101.3×2/273 = 200×V/500

202.6/273 = 2V/5

V = 0.742×5/2

V = 1.85 L

The new volume of the gas will be 1.85L.

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When surface lakes of glacier meltwater overflow into channels and pour down moulins (vertical shafts or tunnels in the ice), the water typically flows into the base of the glacier and can cause the glacier to melt more rapidly. This process is known as "moulin drainage," and it can be detrimental to the glacier because it can cause the glacier to lose mass more quickly.

Losing mass through moulin drainage can cause a glacier to retreat or shrink in size, which can have a number of impacts on the surrounding environment. For example, if a glacier is a primary source of water for a region, its retreat could lead to water shortages. In addition, the loss of a glacier can affect the local ecosystem and wildlife, and it can contribute to sea level rise if the glacier is located near the coast.

Atoms are made up of a very tiny, positively charged nucleus that is encircled by a sea of negatively charged electrons. Despite often being less than a tenth of an atom's size, the nucleus makes up more than 99.9% of the atom's mass.

The term "atomic structure" describes the structure of an atom, which has a nucleus (centre) that contains both protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral). The centre of the nucleus is circled by the negatively charged electrons.

Positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutral neutrons make up the three types of subatomic particles that make up an atom. Nearly equal in mass, protons and neutrons are found in the dense nucleus of the atom.

Thus, Atoms are made up of a very tiny, positively charged nucleus that is encircled by a sea of negatively charged electrons.

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The mass of copper nitrate produced in the reaction 3.65g of copper and 5.16g of nitric acid​ is 3.84g.

Nitric acid reacts with copper

4 HNO3(l) + Cu(s) ==> Cu(NO3)2(s and aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

Deep blue colour characterises the copper nitrate salt that develops. Nitrogen dioxide is the gas that is created when strong nitric acid and copper interact. This maroon mist is nitrogen dioxide.

Copper :

=> mass copper nitrate

=> 3.65g Cu x 1mol of Cu/63.546 g Cu x 1 mol copper nitrate / 1 mol cu x 187.56 g/mol copper nitrate

=> 10.77g

HNO3 (Nitric acid):

=> Mass copper nitrate =3.65 g HNO3 X 1 mol HNO3/63.546 g HNO3 x 1mol of copper nitrate /4 mol HNO3 x 187.56 g/mol copper nitrate.

=> 3.84g.

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Answer:

The ion-electron method involves breaking the reactants into their component ions and transferring electrons between the ions to balance the charge and the atoms. In a basic solution, the S²⁰⁸² ion will gain two electrons to form SO₂. The I¹⁻ ion will lose one electron to form I³⁻. The balanced redox equation using the ion-electron method is:

S²⁰⁸² + 2e⁻ + 2OH⁻ → SO₂ + H₂O

I¹⁻ + e⁻ → I³⁻

The overall balanced equation is:

2S²⁰⁸² + 2OH⁻ + I¹⁻ → 2I³⁻ + SO₂ + H₂O

According to the question the new pressure of the gas is: 6.5512 kPa

What is pressure?

Pressure is the force applied to a surface divided by the area of the surface on which the force is applied. It is measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). Pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the weight of air, the weight of a liquid, or the force of a gas. Pressure is an important concept in many fields, including physics, engineering, and chemistry.

The ideal gas law can be used to determine the gas's new pressure:

PV = nRT

where R is the universal gas constant, n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume, and T is the temperature.

We know that V = 10.0L, n = 1.00 mole, R = 8.314 J/molK, and T = 800K.

As a result, the gas's new pressure is:

P = (1.00 mol * 8.314 J/molK * 800K) / 10.0L = 6.5512 kPa

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1.4 x 1023 molecules are present in 2.3 moles of oxygen.

We know that if we multiply the 2.3 moles of oxygen with Avogadro's number which is 6.023 x 1023 then this will give us the number of molecules which is present in the 2.3 moles of oxygen and which is 13.85 x 1023.

Mole is a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities like atoms, molecules, or other specific particles. The mole entitles an extremely large number of units about 6.02214076 × 1023.

So we can conclude that by multiplying Avogadro's number with the 2.3 moles of oxygen then it will give us 1.4 x 1023 molecules.

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The lewis structure of NO₃⁻ is trigonal planar and the Lewis structure of ozone (O₃) has a resonance form.

Lewis structures which are also often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.

NO₃⁻ has a trigonal planar Lewis structure. It has one nitrogen atom, three oxygen atoms, and covalent bonds holding the three oxygen atoms together. The sp² hybridization of the nitrogen atom gives NO₃⁻- its trigonal planar structure.

Three oxygen atoms make up the oxygen allotrope known as ozone (O₃). One double bond and one single bond make up the Lewis structure of ozone. Additionally, two oxygen atoms in the Lewis structure of O3 carry charges.

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To find the density of the unknown piece of metal, we can use the formula:

Density = mass / volume.

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Option C. Sodium metal is soft and malleable is an example of a physical property.

A physical property can be defined as any feature of a substance that can be really observed and also measured without changing its chemical composition such as for example, the color, density of a metal, boiling point, conductivity, etc.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that physical properties have a significant impact on the performance and use of a given chemical product and they are associated with intrinsic features of the chemical material that forms molecules.

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The amount, in grams, of carbon required to produce 14 moles of methane according to the reaction would be 168.0 grams.

From the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of the carbon that reacts and the methane produced is 1:1. In other words, 1 mole of carbon will produce 1 mole of methane.

Thus, for the production of 14 moles of methane:

1 mole methane = 1 mole carbon

14 moles methane = 14 x 1/1 = 14 moles carbon.

Recall that, mass = mole x molar mass.

The molar weight of carbon is given as 12 g/mol

Mass of 14 moles carbon = 14 x 12 = 168 grams

In other words, for the illustrated reaction, the amount of carbon required to produce 14 moles of methane would be 168.0 grams.

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The number of moles of helium (He) needed to make the balloon rise is 0.043 moles.

The number of moles of a gas can be calculated using the following expression:

V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

Where;

Avogadro’s law to predict what will happen to the volume of a sample of gas as we change the number of moles. Because V/n is a constant for any given sample of gas (at constant P and T).

At constant temperature and pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.

0.46/0.0226 = 0.865/n

20.3539823n = 0.865

n = 0.043 moles

Therefore, 0.043 moles is the number of moles of the gas when the balloon rises.

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The answer of the following question of concentration are:

c) The law expression for this reaction is k[A].

d) The value of k including its units is  on the specific reaction.

e) The half-life of the reaction is T1/2 = 0.693/k.

What is concentration?
Concentration in chemistry is a measure of the amount of a substance that is present in a given volume. It is usually expressed in terms of mass, moles, or volume.

c) The law expression for this reaction is rate = k[A], where k is the rate constant. This is because in a first-order reaction, the rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reactant.

d) The value of k depends on the specific reaction, and can be determined by measuring the reaction rate at different concentrations of A and plotting a graph of rate versus concentration of A.

e) The half-life of a first-order reaction is given by T1/2 = 0.693/k, where T1/2 is the half-life and k is the rate constant. The units of the half-life are seconds.

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The difference between the heats of reaction (□H - □E) at constant pressure and constant volume can be calculated using the following equation:

□H - □E = □H - □V + □V - □E

Where □H is the heat of reaction at constant pressure, □E is the heat of reaction at constant volume, □V is the change in volume at constant pressure, and □E is the change in internal energy at constant volume.

To calculate the difference between the heats of reaction at constant pressure and constant volume for the given reaction, we need to know the values of □H, □V, and □E. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the difference between the heats of reaction at constant pressure and constant volume.

The biotic factor of an aquarium ecosystem is algae growing on the glass.

The abiotic factors of an aquarium ecosystem are rock structure, temperature of the water, and amount of sunlight.

The example that describes an abiotic factor interacting with a biotic factor is the amount of sunlight affecting the growth of a plant.

All the listed items in Ms. Brown's class, including gravel, grass, butterfly, sunflower, bird feeder, and flowerpots, are a part of the garden ecosystem.

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (biotic factors) interacting with each other and with their physical environment (abiotic factors) in a specific area. It includes all the living and non-living components of the environment that interact with each other. Examples of ecosystems include a coral reef, a forest, a desert, and even an aquarium or a garden. Ecosystems can be large or small and can be found on land or in water. They are essential for the survival of living organisms as they provide food, shelter, and other resources necessary for life.

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molecule of the variables shift in the opposite directions when there is a inverse or negative relationship. In other words, the dependent variable grows if the value of the independent variable falls.

The dependent variable in this study are often the effect and the variable are the cause in a research investigation. Additionally, one could say that there is a cause-and- effect link between the independent and the dependent variables.

A statistical method known as correlation is used to quantify and explain a link between two variables. The two factors are often just observed, not changed. Two scores from identical people must be used for the correlation

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Answer:

Explanation:

In basic solution (pH = 11), an amino acid typically exists in its zwitterionic form. This means that the amino acid has both a positive and a negative charge, due to the presence of both a basic amino group (-NH2) and an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH).

The structure of an amino acid in basic solution (pH = 11) can be represented as follows:

The central carbon atom (also known as the alpha carbon) is bonded to a hydrogen atom, an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain R group.

The amino group is positively charged due to the loss of a proton (H+).

The carboxyl group is negatively charged due to the gain of a proton (H+).

Overall, the amino acid has a net charge of zero, due to the equal and opposite charges of the amino and carboxyl groups. This is known as the zwitterionic form of the amino acid.

Here is a visual representation of the structure of an amino acid in basic solution (pH = 11):

H |

N-C-COOH

|

R

Regenerate response

Answer:

it is the British imperial and united states customary systems