The two components of the equation for the free energy stored in the proton gradient are :
ΔG = 2.3RTΔpH + FΔψ ΔpH= H+ concentration gradientΔψ= voltage difference (electrical potential)Both of these two independent variables (ΔpH and Δψ ) supply energy and individually contribute to ATP synthesis.
In a mitochondrial membrane, a proton gradient is created when the proton concentration is greater outside the inner membrane than inside the membrane. It develops as a result of the respiration's electron transport chain. Proton gradients drive ATP synthesis, which is carried out by the enzyme ATP synthase.
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why improving Microsoft Access
is important in the workplace?
You wish to investigate how exercise affects the rate of cellular respiration. You decide to squeeze a ball for 5 minutes and around 3 minutes you begin to experience a burning sensation and fatigue. This means your muscles are beginning to run out of oxygen. What process is causing the burning in your muscles?
You wish to investigate how exercise affects the rate of cellular respiration. You decide to squeeze a ball for 5 minutes and around 3 minutes you begin to experience a burning sensation and fatigue. This means your muscles are beginning to run out of oxygen. What process is causing the burning in your muscles?
Electron transport chain
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
Krebs cycle
During muscle contraction, if feeling fatigued it means that muscles do not get in the required oxygen to generate ATP causing lactic acid fermentation, hence option c is correct.
What is Lactic acid fermentation?A metabolic process called lactic acid fermentation turns six-carbon sugars like glucose or other six-carbon sugar disaccharides like sucrose or lactose into the metabolite lactate.
It generates carbon dioxide as well as lactic and acetic acids, which swiftly reduce pH levels and prevent the growth of bacteria that may otherwise ruin crispness.
Therefore due to anaerobic conditions muscle gate fatigue creates lactic acid fermentation, hence option c is correct.
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In the science field we use the metric units, this is due to
A. Metric units are universally accepted.
B. Metric is a universal scientific language.
C. Both
In the science field we use the metric units because of both the given reasons i.e. A. Metric units are universally accepted. B. Metric is a universal scientific language.
What is a metric unit system?The decimalized system based on the meter that had been adopted in France in the 1790s was replaced by the metric system, which is a system of measurement.
What do you mean by universal?Including or covering all or a whole collectively or distributively without limit or exception.
Why we use Metric System ?A standardized approach that enables international scientists to communicate and compare notes is necessary. Without a standard, they would have to spend extra time converting measurements between different systems of measuring, which would reduce accuracy. SI or metric unit is favoured because, among other things, it is not based on the bodily parts of individuals who lived hundreds of years ago. A universal standard that anyone can verify serves as the foundation of this sleek and straightforward system.
Hence, 'In the science field we use the metric units because of both the given reasons i.e. A. Metric units are universally accepted. B. Metric is a universal scientific language.
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Vhich of the following demonstrates the central dogma of molecular biologists? (1 point) O Gene expression relies on environmental factors that determine which traits are dominant. O DNA and RNA hold the code to create proteins that are the key to gene expression. O DNA and RNA mutate into either harmful or helpful effects on the human body. O Proteins replicate DNA which gives the expression of traits to an organism.
The following demonstrates the critical dogma of molecular biologists option B DNA and RNA maintain the code to create proteins that are the important thing to gene expression.
Option B alternative B DNA and RNA maintain the code to create proteins which are important things to gene expression.
The primary dogma of molecular biology is “DNA makes RNA makes protein.” This general rule emphasizes the order of activities from transcription thru translation and gives the premise for tons of genetic code research within the post-double helix 1950s.
The crucial dogma of molecular biology states that DNA contains instructions for creating a protein, which might be copied with the aid of RNA. RNA then makes use of the instructions to make a protein. In quick DNA → RNA → Protein, or DNA to RNA to Protein.
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DNA and RNA hold the code to create proteins that are the key to gene expression demonstrates the central dogma of molecular biologists.
The basic idea of molecular biology describes how genetic material goes from DNA to RNA to create a protein, which is an important final result. The central dogma is that RNA acts as a messenger, carrying information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it is utilised to make all of our proteins.
Ribosomes serve as factories in the cell where information is "transformed" from a code into a useful part. The process by which the DNA instructions are converted into a usable product is known as gene expression. The two critical stages of gene expression are transcription and translation. Every cell's DNA includes information that, during transcription, is converted into succinct, transportable RNA messages.
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31. Use the diagram to answer the question below.
What would happen to the solar energy that reaches Earth's atmosphere if the ground was covered w
(1 point)
30/100
Earth's albedo
30% reflected
and scattered
Earth's surface
Atmosphere
Clouds
Incoming
solar radiation
100 units
Drect
and
diffuse
51 absorbed at surface
Top of atmosphere
19 absorbed
by atmosphere
and clouds
O More solar radiation would be absorbed at the surface
O More solar radiation would be reflected and scattered
O More solar radiation would be absorbed by the clouds
O More solar radiation would reach Earth's atmosphere
More solar radiation would be reflected and scattered and More solar radiation would be absorbed by the clouds to the solar energy that reaches Earth's atmosphere.
A variety of methods, including solar power to produce electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating), and solar architecture, are used to capture the radiant light and heat from the Sun.
It is a crucial source of renewable energy, and depending on how solar energy is captured, distributed, or transformed into solar power, its technologies can be roughly categorised as either passive solar or active solar.
Utilizing concentrated solar power, photovoltaic systems, and solar water heating are examples of active solar approaches. Passive solar strategies include aligning a structure with the Sun, choosing components with favourable thermal mass or light-dispersing qualities, and creating air-circulated areas.
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A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform?
a. The production and secretion of steroids
b. The destruction of toxic materials produced in other cells of the organism
c. The synthesis of polysaccharides for energy storage
d . The production and secretion of proteins
Cells that produce and secrete proteins have exceptionally high levels of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The correct option to this question is D.
The endomembrane system, the plasma membrane, or proteins that will be secreted are the general purposes of the ER. All of the cell's membranes, including those of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles, are included in the endomembrane system. Chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria do not make up the endomembrane system.
To produce proteins in the cell, the rough endoplasmic reticulum is crucial. The cell would lack crucial proteins and other organelles would be unable to perform their duties if the rough ER were not functioning properly.
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A human cell containing 22 non-sex chromosomes and a Y chromosome is
O a male non-sex cell
O a fertilized egg
O a sperm
O an egg
Using the following genomic sequence:
1) Underline each Intron
2) Circle each exon
GUUAUGAGUCGUUGGCAUUAAUCUUUCCUUAUGAUUGUCGCUGAUCGUUAG
UCGUCCAUGCGUGGUGGCUGACUUCCAAUGACCAAAUCUUCGGUGGCGGAG
UAACAUAUAAGAAUGACCAAAAGGCGUCGAUGAGGAUGUGGCAAUUAACAUC
Explanation:
Here the underlined parts are STOP CODONS NO INTRONS WERE FOUND IN THE GIVEN SEQUENCE
Intron: AUC, UUU, CUA, CGC, UUA, AGA, AGG, CGU, AUG, AGG, AUG, UGG
Exon: GUU AUG AGU CGU UGG CAU UAA UCU UUC CUU AUG AUU GUC GCU GAU CGU UAG, UCG UCC AUG CGU GUG GCU GAC UUC CAA UGA CCA AAU CUU CGG UGG CGG AGU, UAA C AUU AUA AGA AUG ACC AAA AGG CGU CGA UGA GGA UGU GGC AAU UUA ACA UC
What are Introns and Exons?Parts of a gene are known as introns and exons in molecular biology. While introns are the non-coding portions that break up coding sequences, exons are the coding areas of a gene that carry the information required to construct a protein.
Introns are not expressed, whereas exons are the regions of a gene that are. Introns are cut out and exons are spliced together to create the final messenger RNA (mRNA) which will be translated into a protein after a gene has been transcribed into mRNA.
Therefore, Intron: AUC, UUU, CUA, CGC, UUA, AGA, AGG, CGU, AUG, AGG, AUG, UGG
Exon: GUU AUG AGU CGU UGG CAU UAA UCU UUC CUU AUG AUU GUC GCU GAU CGU UAG, UCG UCC AUG CGU GUG GCU GAC UUC CAA UGA CCA AAU CUU CGG UGG CGG AGU, UAA C AUU AUA AGA AUG ACC AAA AGG CGU CGA UGA GGA UGU GGC AAU UUA ACA UC
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Which are examples of
infections caused by
protists?
A. Strep throat, botulism, and anthrax
B. common cold, flu, and chicken pox
C. Malaria, African Sleeping sickness,
and intestinal disease this
D. Trichinosis, hook worm, and
elephantiasis
Answer:
c) Malaria, African Sleeping sickness, and intestinal diseases.
Explanation:
Malaria, African Sleeping sickness, and intestinal diseases are the examples of infections caused by protists. Therefore, the option (c) is the correct answer.
Diverse plant communities have species representing a variety of plant types such as grasses, shrubs, succulents,
hardwood trees, softwood trees, vines, ferns, and so on. What factors increase a community's diversity? Age of the
community? Energy input? Moisture? Nutrients? Disturbance? Human activity? How do they do so?
The factors that increase a community's diversity are the age of the community; Energy input and Human activity.
There are many ways to describe diversity. Assuming that diversity is defined broadly, as opposed to, say, genetic diversity, there are many things that can influence the diversity of a group.
The diversity may be impacted by the landscape's complexity, the community's age, and its surroundings.
Diversity will be impacted by the diversity of the habitat or landscape itself. There isn't much possibility for variety if the habitat is continually boreal forest, with the same species distribution and composition throughout.
There is potential for more ecological niches in an environment with a variety of habitat types. Different species may inhabit various niches and tailor their adaptations to them.
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TRUE or FALSE: As time passes, the universe is
becoming more disorderly.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission?
a. occurs when a pathogen is carried on the feet of an insect.
b. involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission,
c. works only with noncommunicable diseases.
d. requires direct contact
Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission option B: involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission.
When a pathogen reproduces inside a biological vector that spreads it from one host to another, it is said to have undergone biological transmission. The primary carriers of biological transmission are arthropods.
The fundamental distinction between mechanical and biological transmission is that during mechanical transmission, agents are simply transferred from an infected host or contaminated substrate to a susceptible host. During biological transmission, the agent develops and/or propagates within the vector.
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Remember the law of conservation of mass. The human body uses cellular respiration to make energy. Using the chemical equation for cellular respiration, explain how the amounts ofoxygen and carbon dioxide inhaled by the lungs is different from the amounts exhaled. Explain your answer in 1-2 sentences. (2 points)
With the equation of cellular respiration C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂+ 6H₂O, gaseous exchange takes place, glucose reacts with oxygen forming Adenosine Triphosphate used by cells.
About 21% of oxygen and 0.4% of carbon dioxide of air is inhaled while the air we breathe out contains 16.4% of oxygen and 4.4% of carbon dioxide because cells use oxygen inhaled to release energy and carbon dioxide as byproduct.
How does Cellular Respiration work?Cellular respiration is how organisms convert fuel into energy and nutrients by combining oxygen with food molecules, sending the chemical energy for life sustaining activities while expelling carbon dioxide and water.
We inhale 21% of oxygen and 0.4% of carbon dioxide and exhale 16.4% of oxygen and 4.4% of carbon dioxide as by product during the process of cellular respiration.
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Primary succession involves the _____ establishment of communities of different species in mostly lifeless areas.
A. rapid
B. gradual
C. orderly
Primary succession involves the gradual establishment of communities of different species in mostly lifeless areas.
The correct answer choice from above is option b.
What is meant by primary succession?Primary succession can simply be defined as that association of living things whereby these organisms are the first that first colonizes a barren habitat. In order words, it simply refers to the ecological association of plants and animals such that they are are ones that inhabit the region first.
In conclusion, we can now confirm from the explanation above that this primary succession is a succession which starts from scratch.
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what symbiotic relationship between a wolves & Bear
Because bears easily oust wolves from their kills, bears may discover more ungulate carcasses over a longer period of time because wolves forage on ungulates all year long.
what coexists harmoniously with wolves?Petroglyphs on cave walls depict the symbiotic interaction between the wolf and the grizzly bear. Since the end of the last Ice Age, these two wild animals of the North have been involved in an amazing survival dance.
What is the bear's symbiotic relationship?Bear Lice, which are around 2 mm long and dwell on the surface of the bear and eat, coexist in harmony with Black Bears.
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Question 2
lonic compounds tend to form crystals with low melting points.
True
False
What’s the correct answer answer asap for brainlist
Answer:
C.
so that u don't have to replicate the experiment
which process produce the gaseous by-product oxygen?
Oxygen is the gaseous by product released in the photosynthesis process.
The two essential biological processes that take place in plants are photosynthesis and respiration. The two processes that have been explored in the question are photosynthesis and respiration. Carbon dioxide is fixed to produce glucose and oxygen is liberated during photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis chemical equation:
6CO 2→12H 2O→C 6 H 12 O 6 +6H 2O+6O 2
↑
The oxygen from this reaction is fixed for respiration and glucose is broken down for the release of energy.
Respiration chemical equation:
C 6 H 12O 6+6O 2 →6CO 2 +6H 2
O+Energy↑
Oxygen released during photosynthesis will be used in respiration.
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Spartina is a plant that grows in salt marshes. It stores salt in its roots, making the root have a higher salt concentration than the water around them. What is most likely to occur in response to this concentration of salt in the roots?
A. Water moves out of the leave into the air
B. Nutrients move out of the roots
C. Salt moves into the roots
D. The plants are not in homeostasis so they die
F. Water moves into the roots
Spartina is a plant that grows in salt marshes. It stores salt in its roots, making the root have a higher salt concentration than the water around them. Water moves into the roots is most likely to occur in response to this concentration of salt in the roots.
The grass family taxon Spartina is typically seen in coastal salt marshes. One or two species also occur on the western coast of North America and in freshwater habitats inland in the Americas. Its species, also known as cordgrass or cord-grass, are native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean in western and southern Europe, north-western and southern Africa, the Americas, and the islands of the southern Atlantic Ocean. The east coasts of North and South America, notably Florida, have the greatest species variety. Particularly in coastal salt marshes, they establish sizable, frequently dense colonies and expand swiftly. The species' height ranges from 0.3-2 m. Several of the species will create hybrids if they interbreed.
The propensity of Spartina species to hybridize is widely documented. Late in the eighteenth century, S. Southern England unintentionally received alterniflora from North America. It quickly bred with the only local species, S, here. maritima produced a sterile but robust hybrid known as Spartina X townsendii that had the ability to propagate vegetatively (as can all Spartina species). This hybrid eventually underwent chromosomal duplication, becoming fertile. Although Spartina townsendii var. anglica is the preferred name for this species, it is also referred to as S occasionally. anglica, which is now the predominant Spartina species in the majority of salt marshes in the United Kingdom.
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explain how thermal energy moves
Answer: Heat energy can move from hot objects, liquids, gases, or spaces to cooler ones through three methods of transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is when heat passes through solid material to increase the temperature of whatever is beyond it.
Explanation:
Can someone tell me a environmental problem related to biodiversity for my project?
Answer: alteration, and loss of habitats, pollution, and climate change.
Explanation: Theres 3 have a good day
Answer:
"Biodiversity,or the variety of all living things on our planet, has been declining at an alarming rate in recent years, mainly due to human activities, such as land use changes, pollution and climate change."
Explanation:
animals are a. Prokaryotic without a cell wall b. Eukaryotic without a cell wall c. Eukaryotic with a cell wall d. Prokaryotic with a cell wall please answer quickly
Answer:
b.
Explanation:
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotes
Internal and external information is brought to the brain in the process of
Answer: Consciousness
name and explain at least two issues you would need to consider besides the results of a kirby-bauer test before you chose an antibiotic to treat a real patient.
Side effects (i.e. allergic reactions, seizure).If you use the wrong antibiotic it can kill cell and cause other effects
In order to help doctors choose the best course of therapy for their patients, the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test evaluates the sensitivity or resistance of pathogenic microbes to various antibiotic drugs. Medicines called antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics come in a variety of varieties. Only specific microbes are resistant to each kind. Finding the antibiotic that will be most effective at curing your infection can be determined with the aid of an antibiotic sensitivity test.
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The evidence that stimulated Newton to propose the law of universal gravitation emerged from a study of
a. the motion of the moon and other celestial or heavenly bodies
b. the fall of an apple to the Earth
c. the gravitational interaction of smaller objects upon the Earth
d. ...nonsense! There was no evidence; it was just proposed as a theory.
Explanation:
b. the fall of an apple to the Earth
the transformation of energy during cellular respiration can be followed from glucose to
Answer:
ATP OR adenosine triphosphate
Explanation:
is chemical energy the cell can use
Three genes, X, Y, and Z, are located either on the same chromosome, or on different chromosomes. If the recombination frequency for X and Y was found to be 25%, and Y and Z was found to be 60%, this would mean that
-genes X and Y are on the same chromosome.
-genes Y and Z are on different chromosomes.
-both of the other answers are correct
Answer: -genes X and Y are on the same chromosome.
Explanation:
Explain how energy drives the cycling of matter in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
a recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that trait.
Answer:
.
Explanation:
.
Answer:
A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are homozygous for that trait.
Explanation:
Recessive traits will be observed only when the individuals are homozygous for that trait because for a recessive phenotype to appear in an indivual, there should be two recessive alleles (homozygous) otherwise dominant alleles in heterozygous will show dominant traits.
A model of onion root meristem cells during cell division is shown here. Which explanation is true about the cell labeled with the letter A? Select all that apply.
A) The chromosomes are independently assorting to ensure that the haploid daughter cells are genetically diverse.
B) The chromosomes are migrating to the center of the cell to cause a fertilization event resulting in a diploid cell.
C) The chromosomes are undergoing crossing over to ensure that the daughter cells are genetically diverse from the parent cell.
D) The chromosomes were duplicated prior to mitosis to ensure that a full complement of genetic material is passed to the daughter cells.
E) The chromosomes are being pulled to opposite sides of the dividing cell to ensure a full complement of genetic material is passed to the daughter cells.
Answer: d
Explanation:
Answer: It is D and E
Explanation: