What does a DNA repair mutation cause in the Cell cycle?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Mutation rates increase substantially in cells defective in DNA mismatch repair or in homologous recombinational repair (HRR). Chromosomal rearrangements and aneuploidy also increase in HRR defective cells. Higher levels of DNA damage not only cause increased mutation, but also cause increased epimutation.


Related Questions

The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of:
A. the microscope.
B. the scientific method.
C. DNA sequencing.
D. genes.

Answers

I would say microscope because that’s what was used to to figure out about these other organisms. Sorry if not

The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of option A. the microscope.

What are the five kingdoms?

The living organisms should be divided into five different kingdoms i.e.

FungiProtistaAnimaliamoneraAnd the plantar.

These are based on the attributes like the structure of the cell, nutrition mode, reproduction mode, etc,

Based on this, we can say that The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of option A. the microscope.

Correction on the title: What are the five kingdoms Please use bullets to enumerate the kingdoms

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When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the _____ defenses are the first to react.

Answers

Answer:

Correct answer is "non specific defenses"

Answer:

non specific

Explanation:

When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the non specific defenses are the first to react.

PLEASE ANSWER ASAP
Which of these are vestigial structures?
O A. the sharp spines of a cactus
O B. the wings of a butterfly
O C. the hip bones found in some species of snake
O D. the thick fur and layer of fat of some mammals in cold climates

Answers

Answer:

C. the hip bones found in some species of snake

Drag each image to the correct category.
Determine the effect of each ocean process on the salinity of the ocean.
Sea ice melts
Sea ice forms no
Ocean water
evaporates
A freshwater
stream enters
the ocean
Ocean Salinity Increases
Ocean Salinity Decreases

Answers

Answer:

1. in ocean salinity increases

2. ocean salinity decreases

3.ocean salinity increases

4. ocean salinity decreases.

Explanation:

The salinity of the ocean is increased by the evaporation of ocean water and the formation of sea ice.

The salinity of the ocean is decreased by the melting of sea ice and entering a freshwater stream into the sea.

What is Ocean Salinity?

Ocean salinity may be defined as the presence of the concentration of salts in the ocean. A Hydrometer is an instrument that determines the salinity of the ocean.

The addition of freshwater streams into the ocean and melting of ice reduce its salinity, as it makes the sea water less dense.

On contrary, the left two processes are opposite to above and thus are responsible for increasing the salinity of the ocean.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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In North America, about 65% of the population can taste
PTC
Calculate the frequencies of the dominant allele (p) and
the recessive allele (q) for the information presented.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
Value of p:
Value of q:

Answers

Answer:

p= 0.41

q=0.59

Scientists argue similarities found in anatomical
structures provides evidence of evolution. Which of
the following shows similarities in strucutres of
organims supporting the theory of evolution.
a. analogous structures
b. homologous structures
vestigial structures
d building structures

Answers

Answer:

Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. Similar body parts may be homologies or analogies. Both provide evidence for evolution. ... The structures are similar because they evolved to do the same job, not because they were inherited from a common ancestor.

Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart?

Answers

Yes,oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.

It is false that oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.

What is pulmonary artery?

The two principal arteries leaving the right ventricle of the heart are known as the pulmonary arteries. Low-oxygen blood is seen in this lower chamber of the heart. This blood travels to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.

The middle mediastinum contains the main pulmonary artery, as well as the pulmonary arteries that follow on the right and left. They emerge from the four chambered heart's right ventricle and carry blood to the lungs.

Right side of heart sends deoxygenated blood to pulmonary artery. Nature has made it such that this blood reaches the lungs where carbon dioxide can be released and then oxygen can be loaded.

It is true that all arteries convey oxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary artery.

Thus, the given statement is false.

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Answer for 10 points please

Answers

all the letters that are the same. LL, hh, aa, TT, GG,OO,EE,vv,dd,yy,zz,AA

Name two homologous structures in vertebrates. Why are they so called ? How do such organs help in understanding an evolutionary relationship ?
Please help me with this, i'll reward brainliest.​

Answers

Answer:

1) homologous structures in vertebrates - Limbs of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. 2) They are so called since they have similar basic structural plan, but appear different externally and perform different function. However they have evolved from a common ancestor. 3) The homologous characteristics indicate common ancestory.

Explanation:

I just hope this helps!

➜ Two homologous structures in vertebrates are:

Limbs of birds and reptiles.Limbs of reptiles and amphibians.

These are so called because the organ have similar structure to perform different functions in various vertebrates.

The homologous characteristics of such organs indicate common ancestory. Thus these exist an evolutionary relationship.

What percentage of people's first food allergic reactions take place outside of the home?

Answers

Explanation:

Allergies in general are on the increase worldwide and food allergies have also become more common, particularly peanut allergy in preschool children. About 60 per cent of allergies appear during the first year of life. Cow’s milk allergy is one of the most common in early childhood. Most children grow out of it before they start school.

What is the effect if any of this mutation on the amino acid chain produced

Answers

Answer:

A missense mutation is a mistake in the DNA which results in the wrong amino acid being incorporated into a protein because of change, that single DNA sequence change, results in a different amino acid codon which the ribosome recognizes. Changes in amino acid can be very important in the function of a protein.

Explanation:

Hope this helps

The effect if any of the mutations on the amino acid chain produces that change is called a "missense mutation," because in this type of mutation, the amino acid gets changed.

What is the significance of the types of mutations?

There are many different types of mutations that occur during polypeptide formation, such as those that occur but have no effect on the overall structure and function of the enzyme, proteins, etc.; these are known as "silent mutations," while others result in single amino acid changes and are known as "missense mutations." It has many implications, such as in sickle cell anemia, where a single amino acid change causes a change in the hemoglobin structure.

Hence, the effect if any of the mutations on the amino acid chain produces that change is called a "missense mutation," because in this type of mutation, the amino acid gets changed.

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what is the only organism that does not eat prey?

Answers

Answer:

The only organism that doesn't eat prey is prob scavengers, because scavengers eat dead organisms, so I don't rlly think dead organisms are preys :3

Explanation:

:3

what are notes for the nervous system section in edge?
plz tell me the truth

Answers

Answer:

The Brain

In the brain, the cerebrum is the largest part; it controls voluntary movement (actions you choose to do), sensory processing (vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch), speech, memory, intelligence, and emotion. The cerebrum allows you to move your muscles and know what to do when you're playing. Next, the cerebellum helps regulate motor control, coordination, and balance. The cerebellum lets you play your favorite sport since it detects shifts in balance when you're moving then sends signals to your body so it can adjust and move smoothly. The brain stem has several necessary functions: however, the medulla oblongata, which connects the brain and spinal cord, best helps you play sports since it executes a critical role in regulating involuntary functions, including respiration (breathing), heart rate, blood flow/pressure, and digestion. It is essential when exercising since it controls your heart to pump blood and deliver oxygen throughout your body; respiration provides the energy you need when playing sports and oxygen to your heart.

Neurons

However, we can go into further analysis, as three types of neurons transmit information throughout your body: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Sensory and motor neurons are located in the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System), while the CNS (Central Nervous System) holds the interneurons.

When you react to something, your body decides what it should do by sending impulses throughout the body.

Sensory Neurons

First, sensory neurons convey the information from the sensory organs (PNS) into the CNS.

Interneurons

The interneurons receive the impulses from sensory neurons in the CNS then relay the brain's response to motor neurons.

Motor Neurons

Finally, motor neurons transport impulses from the spinal cord (CNS) to the muscles or glands in your body.

single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaeans and bacteria.

Answers

Answer:

That's right.

Explanation:

It doesn't seem you're asking anything, if you're asking for confirmation this is right then I can tell you it is.

Many farmers and gardeners compost their plant and animal waste. The living material naturally decays in compost bins, forming a dirt-like substance that’s rich in nutrients. The next season, farmers use this substance as a natural fertilizer for their crops. A biology student has grown tomato plants for several years. Until now, he used an artificial fertilizer formulated for tomato plants. This fertilizer caused his plants to grow faster and taller than they grew in unfertilized soil. The student wants to know whether using natural compost will cause his tomato plants to grow faster and taller than his artificial fertilizer. Answer the following questions to plan an investigation using the steps of the scientific method and help the student find the answer to his question. Construct at least two possible hypothesis for the students experiment

Answers

Answer:The student's observations before he starts his experiment are that his tomato plants grew faster and taller with his artificial fertilizer rather than without any fertilizer at all.

Explanation:

i want brainliest pls

helpppppp!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

thats hard but brb imma find the answer for u

Answer: Their go the answers to you question

Explanation: The answers are here

of the following job analytic techniques, which is aimed at directly connecting job analysis to the selection context by identifying the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) necessary for the job?​

Answers

Answer:

patience

Explanation:

How come you don't see the carotene pigments?
HELP PLEASE!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer: Carotenoids are pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. These pigments produce the bright yellow, red, and orange colors in plants, vegetables, and fruits.Carotenoids act as a type of antioxidant for humans.There are more than 600 different types of carotenoids. Some can be converted into vitamin A when released into the body. A few of the most common carotenoids include: 1. alpha carotene 2. beta carotene 3. beta cryptoxanthin 4. lutein 5. zeaxanthin 6.lycopene

Explanation:

Abe knew from his anatomy class that there are three different kinds of muscle tissue in the body. He knew lifting weights would help build the skeletal muscle and that running was good for cardiac muscle health. He was surprised to find out that his blood vessels had smooth muscle, so his exercise regimen was actually benefitting all the muscle types of his body. Correctly sort each of the characteristics into the appropriate category. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Under voluntary control Has greatest capacity to regenerate Always multinucleated Arranged into fascicles Lacks sarcomeres Gap junctions needed for coordinated contractions Connected by intercalated discs Exhibits inherent rhythmicity Typically arranged into circular and longitudinal layers Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle

Answers

Answer:

SKELETAL MUSCELES CARDIAC MUSCLES SMOOTH MUSCLES

Explanation:

SKELETAL MUSCLES -: There are long, cylindrical, and striated skeletal muscle cells. They are multi-nucleated, which means they have more than one nucleus. This is because from the fusion of embryonic myoblasts, they are created. Each nucleus controls the sarcoplasm's metabolic demands around it. There are high energy requirements for skeletal muscle cells, because they contain several mitochondria in order to generate adequate ATP. Examples of skeletal muscles: arms and legs- The muscles that belong to the arms and legs feature in pairs. Abdomen and Back- These muscles are connected to the various sets of skeletal muscles that run across the torso.CARDIAC MUSCLES -: Cardiomyocytes have a short and narrow outline and are fairly rectangular. They are about 0.02 mm wide and 0.1 mm (millimetres) long, respectively. There are many sarcosomes in cardiomyocytes, which provide the required energy for contraction. Cardiomyocytes usually contain a single nucleus, unlike skeletal muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes, although they contain more sarcosomes, normally contain the same cell organelles as skeletal muscle cells. example - cardiac muscle is present in heart. SMOOTH MUSCLES -: Smooth muscle cells have a single central nucleus and are spindle-shaped. They range in length from 10 to 600 μm (micrometers), and are the tiniest type of muscle cell. In the expansion of organs like the kidneys , lungs, and vagina, they are elastic and therefore essential. As in cardiac and skeletal muscle, the myofibrils of smooth muscle cells are not aligned, meaning they are not striated, hence the term smooth. example of smooth muscles -: Walls of blood vessels ,  Walls of stomach , Ureters ,  Intestines ,  In the aorta (tunica media layer),  Iris of the eye. ,Prostate  and  Gastrointestinal Tract.

The three basic parts of a nucleus are the nuclear membrane, the nucleolus and the___

options:

Chromatin
vacuoles
Golgi bodies

Answers

Answer:

chromatin

Explanation:

its DNA and proteins that form chromosomes in the nucleus I'm pretty sure

Answer:

Chromatin

Explanation:

The nucleus has three parts the nuclear membrane,  chromatin, and nucleolus.

1. A study is being done to test the effects of habitat space on the size of fish populations. Different sized aquariums are set up with six goldfish in each one. Over a period of six months, the fish are fed the same type and amount of food. The aquariums are equally maintained and cleaned throughout the experiment. The temperature of the water is kept constant. At the end of the experiment the number of surviving fish are surveyed. a. Independent Variable: b. Dependent Variable: c. Controlled Variables/Constants: d. Experimental Controls/Control Groups:

Answers

Answer:

a. Independent Variable: different sized aquariums

b. Dependent Variable: number of surviving fish

c. Controlled Variables/Constants: amount and type of food, aquarium maintenance and water temperature

d. Experimental Controls/Control Groups: none

Explanation:

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the condition that is being measured or tested in the experimental procedure, while the independent variable isn't changed and serves to measure the outcome of the dependent variable. Moreover, the constant variables are those conditions that stay the same in the experiment. As observed in the case above described, an experiment usually has multiple constant variables. Finally, a control group is composed of individuals/research subjects who do not receive the experimental treatment, and therefore they can be used to compare the outcomes observed in the experimental groups.

Which sentence best explains how a unicellular organism gets rid of wastes?
A. It releases them into the environment through its cell membrane.
B. It combines specialized cells into tissues that get rid of wastes.
O c. It has an excretory system that releases wastes.
D. It relies on individual specialized cells to get rid of wastes.

Answers

Answer:

A. It releases them into the environment through its cell membrane.

Explanation:

Many unicellular organisms excrete waste products by diffusion from their body surface due to their small size.

13. Colorblindness is an x-linked recessive trait. What
does this mean for individual IV-7's male children?

Answers

Answer:

The male children cannot be colourblind because chromosomes for males are XY, and because it is a recessive trait, they would need 2 X chromosome with the colourblindness trait

Nitrogen cannot be used by plants or animals in its gaseous form. Place the steps of the nitrogen cycle in order to show how nitrogen becomes usable to plants and animals.

Answers

Explanation:

I don't know the answer, but someone already answer it the question are similar you can check for your self

DUE TODAY
A flower that has showy stamens, but no petals is,
Group of answer choices

perfect

bilateral symmetry

irregular

incomplete

Answers

Your answer would be incomplete

Why might it be an issue to cut the trees down to build a home/shelter? How would that impact the respiration/photosynthesis cycle?

Answers

Answer:

Trees are one of the most important things lives

Because the trees take our carbon dioxide and gives us oxygen in return. It will also low the rate of oxygen provided by trees leading to may be increase in the global warming rate, and also production of heat and suffocation in crowded rooms

Trees and plants, in general, produce energy for growth using a process known as photosynthesis. Using light, water and carbon dioxide, a plant produces energy in the form of sugar and releases oxygen into the air. Forests cover approximately 30 percent of the land on earth and sustain nearly 80 percent of the world's terrestrial organisms. It is estimated that one acre of trees in urban forests can produce enough oxygen for eight people and remove 188 pounds of carbon dioxide from the air.

Oxygen comprises only about 21 percent of air's chemical component. Yet, it is extremely important to life on earth. Living organisms, from single-celled animals to humans, use oxygen to produce the energy required to sustain them. Since trees are larger plants, their production of oxygen is significant. It is estimated that tropical rainforests, produce 40 percent of the earth's oxygen even though they cover only about 6 percent of the land. Rainforests in the Amazon have declined by 17 percent in the last 50 years as a result of deforestation.

what happens when you put a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent?
a.the solution will be concentrated​

Answers

Explanation:

the solution will be diluted or less concentrated ...as amount of solvent is greater than amount of solute ..

hope this will be helpful to you . plz mark my answer as brainlist if you find it useful.

As more solute is added to the solution the solution becomes more concentrated.

Antigens are foreign proteins that invade the systems of organisms. Vaccines function by stimulating an organism's immune system to develop antibodies against a particular antigen. Developing a vaccine involves producing an antigen that can be introduced into the organism being vaccinated and which will trigger an immune response without causing the disease associated with the antigen. Certain strains of bacteria can be used to produce antigens used in vaccines. Which of the following best explains how bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce a desired antigen? A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria. B. The bacteria need to be exposed to the antigen so they can produce the antibodies. C. The DNA of the antigen has to be transcribed in order for the mRNA produced to be inserted into the bacteria. D. The mRNA of the antigen has to be translated in order for the protein to be inserted into the bacteria.

Answers

Answer:

A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.

Explanation:

Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an organim's genome in order to yield a desirable result. According to this question, a vaccine is to be created using an antigen that will trigger an immune response against the particular disease in the involved organism.

However, the antigens needs to be produced by genetically engineering/modifying bacteria. To do this, the gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids, an extra-chromosomal DNA, that can be used to transform the bacteria. In other words, the plasmid + antigen gene, which represents the recombinant DNA will confer upon the transformed bacteria the ability to produce the antigen.

Answer:

The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.

Which statement correctly describes proteins?

A
Polypeptide chains are formed in the nucleus.

B
DNA is the original source of protein structure.

C
The function of a protein is determined by the RNA.

D
Each nucleotide base is encoded into a single amino acid.

Answers

Answer: B

Explanation:

A - not correct since polypeptide chains are formed in ribosomes which exist in the cytoplasm

C. not correct -protein function is determined by DNA

D.  not correct - 3 nucleotides aka a codon is encoded into a single amino acid.

Answer:

B.) DNA is the original source of protein structure.

Explanation:

true or false.chromatid separet during anaphase

Answers

Answer:

the answer of the question is False

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find the missing side length labeled with a ? mark. Athena is the goddess of just war. In other words, she believes in fighting a war if there is a purpose behind it. Ares, Zeus and Heras obnoxious son, believes in war because he is a warrior and loves conflict. Discuss these two approaches to the concept of war. How is this distinction delineated in the Iliad? How is it delineated in wars that are fought today? Is any war justified? In the Iliad, Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior, sulks the whole time because Agamemnon took his prize girl away. What do you think of this behavior? Is it ironic that such a strapping Greek man would give up his warrior status based on the principle that someone took his prize away? Achilles choice is pivotal in the Odyssey. He knows before he leaves the war that he can choose to live a short life and die a hero, or not go to war and live a long and prosperous life. Discuss Achilles choice. Do you think that his decision not to fight for so long was a part of his choice to live a long life? Why does he feel so passionate about giving up that choice to avenge his friend Patroclus death? What would you choose? A central theme in the dynastic dramas is fate. Because one member in a family angered the gods, the following generations had to suffer the consequences. Discuss the concept of fate. Do you believe in it? Could those characters have done anything proactive to change their fate? Which calendar has 355 days in the year? Martha use 1 piece of paper and 1 piece of ribbon to make kites. The paper comes in packs of 3 pieces and the ribbon comes in packs of 4 pieces. What is the least number of kites Martha can make without having supplies left over?ANSWER QUICKKKKKK Data for January for Bondi Corporation and its two major business segments, North and South, appear below:Sales revenues, North $ 759,000Variable expenses, North $ 440,500Traceable fixed expenses, North $ 90,900Sales revenues, South $ 586,800Variable expenses, South $ 334,900Traceable fixed expenses, South $ 76,000In addition, common fixed expenses totaled $206,000 and were allocated as follows: $107,000 to the North business segment and $99,000 to the South business segment.A properly constructed segmented income statement in a contribution format would show that the segment margin of the North business segment is: can someone please tell me what this instrument is and how it works please? thanks! () What is the kinetic energy of a 6 kg and 2 m long thin rod that rotates with angular velocity of 10 rad/sabout an axis that passes at its edge?A. 2400 JB. 1200 JC. 200 JD. 800J can someone help me with science:The cells within a multicellular organism are of a uniform shape.True or False Laura's Burgers cooks its burgers either well done or medium. Last night, the restaurant served 57 well-done burgers and 3 medium burgers. What percentage of the burgers served were well done? plss helppp get a brainliest A rectangle has a length of 18 11/12 ft and a width of 5 1/2 ft. What is the area? Can someone help me pls 2. which formula should be used to find the area of the composite shape? A = 4(1/2Xbh) lw B. A=4bh+lw C. a=4bh+lw d. 2bh+bh Please select all that apply. Please translate into Spanish (no translators I will know) using proper vocabMy friend kat is going to travel to Valparaso and is going to study the animals in Playa AnchaShe feels happy about the trip and she feels excited about swimming at the beach Is the constitution fair? What is Qbasic programming language? 1 1/2 - 2/5 4 2/5 3/4 What is the correct form of the word in parentheses in Imperfect Tense 2 questions Which statement about tariffs is true?A. They are collected by the stores where goods are sold.B. They are the newest type of taxes.C. They result in free trade zones.D. They take less bureaucracy to collect. Please help with this question... Which expression is equivalent to x^3/2?