What does this image represent?

A. Linear molecule with one domain
B. Linear molecule with two domains
C. Tetrahedral molecule with four domains
D. Trigonal planar molecule with three domains

The cathode ray experiment was conducted by J.J.Thomson. The main conclusions of his experiment was that the rays were negatively charged and moves around the positively charged rays.

The characteristics of these rays does not depends upon the nature of the gas filled tube used for the experiment and aslo it does not depends upon nature of the electrode material used. In his experiment also, the stram of rays came out and the cathode rays are attracted to anode rays.

This cathode ray experiment and this theory also helped in understanding the structure of an atom and the moment of atoms in a molecule.

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Simply put, as the amount of carbon dioxide in a tight space increases, it substitutes for such oxygen your body requires to survive.

A significant amount can replace oxygen in the atmosphere.Reduced oxygen availability can cause symptoms like weariness, emotional instability, clumsiness, fast breathing, and rapid heart rate.

An American Conference on Governmental Industrial Dentists (ACGIH) suggests a TWA Threshold Limit Values (TLV) of 5,000 ppm for 8 hours and a 10-minute ceiling exposure limit of 30,000 ppm.40,000 is seen as being instantly threatening to one's health and life (IDLH value).

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Using ethylene (h2c=ch2) as only source of carbon atoms, the outline for synthesis for 3-hexanone is:

1. Hydrohalogenation

2. Nucleophilic attack

3. Halogenation

4. Elimination

5. Removal of acidic proton and nucleophilic substitution

6.Removal of acidic proton and nucleophilic substitution

7. Hydration

A nucleophilic substitution is a type of chemical reaction in which an electron-rich chemical species replaces an electron-deficient molecule's functional group. The substrate is the molecule that includes the electrophile and the leaving functional group.

An electron-rich nucleophile engages a positively charged electrophile to replace a leaving group in a nucleophilic substitution process. The C6 carboxylate group is the most reactive nucleophile in alginate reactions. Nucleophilic substitutions include a nucleophile replacing a leaving group in SN1 reactions (just like SN2). SN1 reactions, on the other hand, are unimolecular: the rate of this reaction is determined only by the concentration of one ingredient.

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The specific heat of the metal is 4.52 J/g°C.

What is specific heat?

Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius per gramme. Typically, the units of specific heat are calories or joules per gramme per degree Celsius. The specific heat of water, for instance, is 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) per gramme per degree Celsius.

The specific heat of a substance is the amount of energy (in joules) needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that substance by 1 degree Celsius.
To calculate the specific heat of the metal, we can use the following equation:
Specific heat = (mass of metal × change in temperature of metal) ÷ (mass of water × change in temperature of water)
In this case, the mass of metal is 20.0 g, the change in temperature of metal is 100°C - 28.3°C = 71.7°C, the mass of water is 100.0 g, and the change in temperature of water is 28.3°C - 25.2°C = 3.1°C.
Using these values in the equation gives us:
Specific heat = (20.0 g × 71.7°C) ÷ (100.0 g × 3.1°C)
Specific heat = 4.52 J/g°C
Therefore, the specific heat of the metal is 4.52 J/g°C.

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The correct option is O calcium

What are all the products created when the hydronium ion and limestone (CaCO3) react? In water, hydrogen ions interact with limestone (CaCO 3). Water always contains them since it goes through autoprotolysis: H + (aq) + OH - = H 2 O (l) (aq) Limestone will react and erode more readily the more acidic the water is.

When limestone is heated (calcined), it produces carbon dioxide and calcium oxide (quick lime). When this CaO, or calcium oxide, is combined with water, lime water (or calcium hydroxide), which releases heat, results. An EXOTHERMIC REACTION has occurred. When limestone and water are together, nothing happens. How does calcite purify water?

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Answer:

2. 6.07 g

3. 38%

Explanation:

2.

2AgNO3(aq) + Na2S(aq) --> Ag2S(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

molecular mass of AgNO3 is 169.87 g/mol

so converting 7.79 g into mole : 7.79/169.87 = 0.049 mol

2 mol of AgNO3 will produce 1 mole of Ag2S

so 0.049 mole of AgNO3 will produce 0.049/2 = 0.0245 mol of Ag2S

since molecular mass of Ag2S is 247.8 g/mol

=> 0.0245 x 247.8 = 6.07 g

3.

molecular mass of NaBr is 102.894 g/mol

=> 3 gm will have: 3.0 / 102.849 = 0.029 mol

according to the reaction, 1 mole of NaBr will produce 1 mole of HgBr

so 0.029 mol of NaBr will produce 0.029 mol of HgBr

since molecular mass of HgBr is 360.41 g/mol

=> mass = 0.029 x 360.41 = 10.45 g

so actual mass/theoretical mass

4.000/10.45 = 0.382 or 38%

Please double check the calculations. Hope this help.

Rapid reaction between sodium metal and water produces colorless sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas solution (H2). Because there contains hydroxide in the dissolved state, the final solution is basic.

2Na(s)+2H2O(l)→2NaOH(aq)+H2(g).

an exothermic response What form and how does sodium interact with water? Caustic soda, a sodium hydroxide compound with a high alkalinity, and hydrogen gas combine to generate an odorless solution. This reaction is exothermic.

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To solve this, we must know each and every concept that is related to electrolytic solution. Therefore, In solution, an electrolyte produces ions. The correct option is option A.

In chemistry and physics, an electrolyte is a substance that conducts electric current by separating into positively and negatively charged particles known as ions, which migrate toward and are normally released at the negative and positive terminals.

Acids, bases, and salts are the most common electrolytes, which ionize when saturated in solvents such as water or alcohol. An electrolyte readily dissociates into ions in solution.

Therefore, in solution, an electrolyte produces ions. The correct option is option A.

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Explanation:

To determine the change in pH, we need to know the concentration of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute (in this case, NaOH) per unit volume of solvent (in this case, water). The concentration of a solution is usually expressed in units of moles per liter (M).

Since the mass of NaOH and the volume of the solution are given, we can calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution using the formula:

[NaOH] = mass / (molar mass * volume)

The molar mass of NaOH is 39.997 g/mol, so the concentration of the NaOH solution is:

[NaOH] = 2.00 g / (39.997 g/mol * 2.0 L) = 0.0500 M

Since sodium hydroxide is a strong base, it will completely dissociate into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. The concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is therefore equal to the concentration of the NaOH solution. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution. Since the concentration of H+ ions in a basic solution is very low, the pH of a basic solution is very high.

The change in pH can be calculated using the formula:

pH = -log[H+]

Substituting the concentration of hydroxide ions for [H+] and solving for pH, we find that the change in pH is:

pH = -log[OH-] = -log(0.0500 M) = 3.30

The pH of the solution will increase from 7.0 to 10.3 as a result of adding 2.00 grams of NaOH to 2.0 liters of distilled water.

One mole of a substance will contain [tex]6.022*10^{23}[/tex] atoms or molecules of that substance (or even ions).

The mole is a common unit of measurement in chemistry for the amounts of reactants and products in chemical processes. Previously, "mole of molecules" and "mole of atoms" were denoted by the terms gram-molecule and gram-atom, respectively. The quantity of dissolved material per unit volume of solution is known as a solution's molar concentration, and the unit generally used to describe this quantity is moles per litre (mol/L).

The ratio of a sample's mass to the substance's total mass is known as the molar mass of a material. The number of moles in the sample serves as a measure of the substance's quantity.

The proportionality factor that connects the quantity of material in a sample with the number of constituent particles in that sample is called the Avogadro constant, often known as NA or L. It has a precise value of [tex]6.02214076*10^{23}[/tex] reciprocal moles and serves as a SI defining constant.

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The difference between normal, dry, and oil shampoo are the forms that they come in. Normal is a liquid. Dry is powder and so solid, while oil shampoo is oily.

The benefits of 2-in-1 shampoo and conditioner include :

A 2 -in-1 saves you time by avoiding the two separate shower stages while also moisturizing and cleansing your hair. Bringing one bottle of 2-in-1 shampoo and conditioner whether you're traveling or showering on the move, for instance, not only saves you time showering but also valuable room in your cosmetics bag."

The sustainability benefit of a 2-in-1 would be its second advantage. In addition to buying fewer things (presumably resulting in less plastic trash), you are also (again, theoretically) using less water in the shower.

Dry shampoo is a powder used for dry cleaning. Ordinary shampoo cleans like soap. Because it is stronger than dry shampoo, regular shampoo is more drying.

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Answer:

300 dm³

Explanation:

According to the information given in this problem, SO₂ is 24 dm³/mol at rtp.

We are trying to find the volume of 12.5 moles of SO₂, so we can do the following math to solve:

12.5 mol SO₂ × 24 dm³/mol ⇒ mol cancels out, leaving us with dm³

300 dm³

Therefore, the volume occupied is 300 dm³

Neutralization reactions find applications in antacids,industrial process, environmental remediation and also in laboratories and even waste water treatment. These are reactions between an acid and a base.

Acids are defined as substances which on dissociation yield H+ ions , and these substances are sour in taste.  Compounds such as  HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ are acids as they yield H+ ions on dissociation.

According to the number of H+ ions which are generated on dissociation acids are classified as mono-protic , di-protic ,tri-protic and polyprotic  acids  depending on the number of protons which are liberated on dissociation.

Acids are widely used in industries  for  production of fertilizers, detergents  batteries and dyes.They are used in chemical industries for production of chemical compounds like salts which are produced by neutralization reactions.

Mind map can be drawn by writing neutralization reaction in center with the mentioned applications connected with neutralization reaction.

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Answer:

amount

Explanation:

according to collision theory the particles must be in/ needs the correct orientation and energy to attain reaction.

The theory that explains successful reactions is called the collision theory. The molecules must collide in the correct orientation and with sufficient energy to make a reaction. The reacting particles must undergo forward and reverse movements to react with strength.

If the collision is less, the reaction will not take place. If the colliding particles have more energy, thus the collisions will be successful, and a successful response will occur. The rate of a reaction depends on the successful collisions between reactant particles, the more successful the collision, the faster the reaction.

Examples: if two Ballard balls collide, they bounce off each other. If a reaction between A and B happens, we can see a disruption between their atoms.

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According to collision theory what is needed by particles for reaction?

The net chemical equation for the production of hydrogen from propane and water can be written as follows:

C3H8 + 2H2O --> 3H2 + CO2

This equation describes the process of steam reforming, which is a common method of producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons such as propane. In this process, propane is reacted with steam (water vapor) to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

The reactants on the left side of the equation are propane (C3H8) and water (H2O). The products on the right side of the equation are hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The coefficients in front of the compounds indicate the number of molecules of each compound that are involved in the reaction.

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The following is a representation of the net chemical equation for the creation of hydrogen from propane and water:

2H₂O + C₃H₈ - 3H₂ + CO₂

This equation covers the steam reforming procedure, which is a typical way to create hydrogen from hydrocarbons like propane. In this procedure, steam (water vapor) and propane are combined to create hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Propane (C₃H₈) and water are the reactants on the left-hand side of the equation (H₂O). Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen (H2) are the byproducts on the right side of the equation (CO₂). The number of molecules of each compound that are involved in the reaction is indicated by the coefficients placed in front of the compounds.

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146.35 × 10²³ atoms of Magnesium are present in 1 mole of Magnesium oxide.

The number of atoms found in a mole of compound is calculated by relationship between the mole and the Avogadro number. The Avogadro number is always constant that has been given by the number 6.023 × 10²³.

The relationship between the atoms and mole is given as,

1 mole = 6.023 × 10²³ atoms.

So, the number of atoms that is present in 1 mole of the MgO is equivalent to the Avogadro number.

Therefore, 1 mole of MgO has 6.023 × 10²³ atoms.

Thus, the atoms of Mg is given as:

Mg atoms = Mass of Mg × Avogadro number

Mg atoms = 24.3g × 6.023 × 10²³

Mg atoms = 146.35 × 10²³

Hence, 1 mole of MgO contains 146.35 × 10²³ atoms of Mg.

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The total specific heat in the sample of the unknown substance is 775 J/kg.K

Specific heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one object to another. It can be said that specific heat is the amount of heat needed by a substance to increase its temperature.

Specific heat can be transferred by heating an object to raise its temperature. To take it can be by cooling the object to lower its temperature.

The formula for locking heat by convention:

Heat Capacity

                           C = Q / ΔT

With:

C is the heat capacity (J/K)

ΔT is the change in temperature (K)

Q is the amount of heat (J)

On the question:

Q = 36700 J, m = 320 g, ΔT = T2 –T1 = 173 – 25 = 148

C = Q / ΔT

C = 36700 J/148

C = 247.97 ≈ 248 J/K

Calculate the specific heat of a substance

                          C = m × c

C is the heat capacity (J/K)

c is the specific heat of the substance (J/kg.K )

C = m × c

248 = 0.32 x c

c = 248 : 0.32

c = 775 J/kg.K

the specific heat is 775 J/kg.K

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The diffusion is ratio is 1.0043 : 1 for the cycle of gaseous diffusion of the 235uf6 in the sample.

Gaseous diffusion enrichment is primarily based totally at the small mass distinction among 235UF6 and 238UF6, this means that that the 235UF6 travels barely greater speedy at a given temperature.

The more velocity of the 235UF6 molecules way that they effect with the membrane greater regularly and are consequently much more likely to byskip thru one of the pores. Gaseous diffusion refers back to the go with the drift of remember whilst there may be a distinction in awareness of the cloth among the indoors of the concrete and the outside environment, or among distinctive areas inside a concrete mass.

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Combustion, breakdown, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combinations are the five fundamental types of chemical reactions.

Scientists have for the first time compiled a global inventory of more than 350,000 chemicals and chemical mixes that are authorized for commercial manufacturing and usage, which is up to three times the number typically assumed.

Sulfuric acid, also referred to as H2SO4, is the chemical that is most frequently manufactured worldwide. The majority of the time, it is utilized in fertilizers, but it is also present in many industrial cleaning products.

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Imines are the nitrogen analogues of aldehydes and ketones, containing a C=N bond instead of a C=O bond.

They are formed through the addition of a primary amine to an aldehyde or ketone, kicking out a molecule of water (H2O) in the process.

In this post we show some examples of the synthesis of imines, walk through the mechanism for their formation, provide a few of their reactions and compare their properties to those of aldehydes and ketones.

A primary amine is added nucleophilically to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone to begin the reversible process of amine production. After that, a proton transfer creates a carbinolamine, a neutral amino alcohol. The carbinolamine oxygen is acid protonated to create a better leaving group, which is then removed as water to create an iminium ion. The ultimate imine product is produced when nitrogen is deprotonated.

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The mass of 1 mole of magnesium oxide is 40.3044 g/mol.

The molecular weight of a substance is equal to its mass in one mole. Water, for example, has a mean molecular weight of 18.015 atomic mass units (amu), implying that one mole of water weighs 18.015 grams. In the International System of Units, the mole (symbol mol) is the unit of substance amount (SI). The amount of substance is a measurement of how many elementary entities of a given substance are present in an object or sample. An elementary entity can be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an ion pair, or a subatomic particle such as an electron, depending on the substance.

The mole is widely used in chemistry to express quantities of reactants and products of chemical reactions. The term gram-molecule was formerly used for "mole of molecules", and gram-atom for "mole of atoms".

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The sp2 hybridized orbital in the carbon atom is made up of a 2s electron, a 2px electron, and a 2py orbital. It can form a total of three sigma bonds. The 2pz electrons of the carbon atoms now form a pi bond with each other.

Perpendicular to any sigma bonds between the identical atoms, this bond is created by the overlap of the p orbitals on the two adjacent atoms.

Pi bonds are covalent interactions between two atoms and a pair of electrons that are situated in orbitals that are roughly parallel to the line formed by the two atoms.

Since it only has two carbon atoms two of which are doubly linked to one another and four hydrogen atoms, ethene is frequently regarded as the most basic alkene. Carbon has an electrical arrangement of 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2. An electron is promoted from the 2s orbital to the 2p orbital in its excited state, though.

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An atom of chlorine have 5 atomic orbitals in which each at least one electron is present.

Atomic orbitals are mathematical functions that give knowledge into the wave idea of electrons (or sets of electrons) that exist around the cores of atoms. In the fields of quantum mechanics and nuclear hypothesis, these numerical capabilities are much of the time utilized to decide the likelihood of tracking down an electron (having a place with a molecule) in a particular district around the core of the particle.

It is critical to take note of that the term 'atomic orbital' can likewise be utilized to allude to the actual space or actual locale around an atom's core wherein the likelihood of a particular electron being available is greatest. The presence of an electron in such a locale is anticipated by the numerical type of the atomic orbital.

Electronic configuration of chlorine is  1s²,2s²,2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.It means 2 electrons are present in 1 s orbitals,2 electrons are present in 2s orbitals ,6 electrons are present in 2p orbital,2 electrons are present in 3s orbitals and 5 electrons are present in 3p orbitals.

Hence,5 atomic orbitals contains at least one electron.

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(Complete question) is:

an atom of chlorine has the electron configuration [ne] 3s² 3p⁵. determine how many atomic orbitals in this atom are occupied by at least one electron

The most important factor affecting both the boiling point elevation and freezing point depression in a solution is the concentration of the solute.

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solution. It is usually a solid or a liquid, but it can also be a gas or an ion. A solute can be either organic or inorganic in nature. In a solution, the solute is the component that is present in the lesser amount; the other component is the solvent. A solution is formed when the solute is dissolved in the solvent. The amount of solute in a solution is typically measured in terms of molarity, which is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

As the concentration of the solute increases, the boiling point and freezing point of the solution will both increase. This is because the solute particles interfere with the intermolecular attractions of the solvent particles, making them less effective and thus allowing the solvent particles to move more freely and at a higher temperature.

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The root mean square speed formula is , v=√(3RT/M).

As per the formula v= √(3RT/m)

T is the temperature

m is the mass of the molecules

R is the Gas constant

The temperature must be converted to kelvin and the molar mass must be found in Kg.

Any change in temperature and molar mass affect the speed of gas molecules.

The speed of the molecules in a gas is proportional to the temperature and is inversely proportional to the molar mass of the gas.

In other words, as their temperature increases, their speed increases, and finally their total energy increases as well.

But still, it's not possible to define the speed of any one gas particle. As such, the speed of gases are defined in terms of their root mean square speed.

Thus, the root mean square speed formula is , v=√(3RT/M) is well defined.

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The environmental scientist which is likely to study the effects of chemical spills on the environment is: B. Toxicologist.

A toxicologist is a type of scientist with a strong understanding of the effects of substances on humans, other living organisms, and the environment. Toxicologists are divided into three major subdivisions:

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Cupid has two sets of arrows instead of simply one. One with a lead or silver blunted tip to make someone fall out of love or even despise a person, and one with a barbed golden tip to make people fall in love.

One of Cupid's arrows, or darts, has a pointed tip made of gold, and the other has a blunt lead tip. A person struck by a golden arrow experiences intense desire, whereas a person struck by a lead arrow experiences aversion and just wants to flee.

one of the love-inspiring arrows that Cupid is said to shoot from his bow, striking the target and making them fall in love.

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The RMS voltage of a sinusoidal is always the peak voltage divided by the square root of 2. The RMS or root mean square current/voltage of an AC current/voltage represents a DC current, a current/voltage that outputs the same average power as an AC current/voltage outputs.

What is RMS value?

In mathematics and its applications, the root mean square of a set of numbers is defined as the square root of the mean square (arithmetic mean of squares) of that set. RMS, also called root mean square, is a special case of generalized mean. The RMS value of a continuously varying function can be defined as the integral of the square of the instantaneous value over one cycle.

For AC current, RMS equals the value of constant DC current that produces the same power consumption with a resistive load. In estimation theory, the root mean square error of an estimator is a measure of the imperfection of the estimator's fit to the data.

The RMS voltage of a sinusoidal is always the peak voltage divided by the square root of 2. The RMS or root mean square current/voltage of an AC current/voltage represents a DC current, a current/voltage that outputs the same average power as an AC current/voltage outputs.

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