What forced induction device is more efficient?
A. Turbo Charger
B. Supercharger
C. Centrifugal Supercharger
D. Procharger

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

a

Explanation:


Related Questions

Water vapor at 5 bar, 3208C enters a turbine operating at steady state with a volumetric flow rate of 0.65 m3/s and expands adiabatically to an exit state of 1 bar, 1608C. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine for the turbine (a) the power developed, in kW, (b) the rate of entropy production, in kW/K, and (c) the isentropic turbine efficiency.

Answers

Answer:

A) 371.28 kW

b) 0.1547 Kw/K

c) 85%

Explanation:

pressure (p1) = 5 bar

exit pressure ( p2 ) = 1 bar

Initial Temperature ( T1 ) = 320°C

Final temp ( T2 ) = 160°C

Volume ( V ) = 0.65 m^3/s

A) Calculate power developed ( kW )

P = m( h1 - h2 ) = 1.2 ( 3105.6 - 2796.2 ) = 371.28 kW

B) Calculate the rate of entropy production

Δs = m ( S2 - S1 ) = 1.2 ( 7.6597 - 7.5308 ) = 0.1547 Kw/K

c) Calculate the isentropic turbine efficiency

For an isentropic condition  : S2s = S1

therefore at state , value of h2 at isentropic condition

attached below is the remaining part of the solution

Note : values of [ h1,  h2,  s1,  s2 , v1 and m ]   are gotten from the steam tables at state 1 and state 2

What 2 things can you never eat for breakfast?

i know the answer but lets see if you do

Answers

Answer:

you can't eat your school computer or a pencil.

u can’t eat a shoe or clock

Can someone tell me what car, year, and model this is please

Answers

2019 nissan altima 2.5 SV

Answer:

Explanation:

2019 nissan altima 2.5 SV

have a good day /night

may i please have a branlliest

FOR BRAINLIST HELP PLEASE IS A DCP

A- Causes of the 13t Amendment

B- Reasons for Women's Suffrage

C- Reasons for the Freedmen's Bureau

D- Causes of the Plantation System

Answers

C The freedmens bureau did all that to help freed slaves

Answer:

C

Explanation: Freedmens Bureau provided resources for southerners and newly freed slaves

Where do you prefer to live?
USA UK Canada ????????
Answer for POINTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

I love USA but i’d love to live in UK

A hydraulic cylinder pushes a heavy tool during the outward stroke, placing a compressive load of 400Ib in the piston rod. During the return stroke, the rod pulls on the tool with a force of 1500Ib. Calculate the resulting design factor for the 0.6 in-diameter rod when subjected to this pattern of forces for many cycles. Discuss your result and justify if the design factor is appropriate, too low or too high. The material is SAE 4130 WQT 1300 steel. Assume wrought steel, machined, and 99% reliability.

Answers

The answer is jejdjdjdjdjd b

A 0.06-m3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant- 134a at 0.8 MPa and 100 percent quality. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line that carries refrigerant- 134a at 1.2 MPa and 36°C. Now the valve is opened, and the refrigerant is allowed to enter the tank. The valve is closed when it is observed that the tank contains saturated liquid at 1.2 MPa. Determine (a) the mass of the refrigerant that has
entered the tank and (b) the amount of heat transfer.

Answers

Answer:

a) 0.50613

b) 22.639 kJ

Explanation:

From table A-11 , we will make use of the properties of Refrigerant R-13a at 24°C

first step : calculate the  volume of R-13a  ( values gotten from table A-11 )

V = m1 * v1 = 5 * 0.0008261 = 0.00413 m^3

next : calculate final specific volume ( v2 )

v2 = V / m2 = 0.00413 / 0.25 ≈ 0.01652 m^3/kg

a) Calculate the mass of refrigerant that entered the tank

v2 = Vf + x2 * Vfg

v2 = Vf +  [ x2 * ( Vg - Vf ) ] ----- ( 1 )

where:  Vf = 0.0008261 m^3/kg, V2 = 0.01652 m^3/kg , Vg = 0.031834 m^3/kg  ( insert values into equation 1 above )

x2 = ( 0.01652 - 0.0008261 ) / 0.031834

     = 0.50613 ( mass of refrigerant that entered tank )

b) Calculate the amount of heat transfer

Final specific internal energy = u2 = Uf + ( x2 + Ufg ) ----- ( 2 )

uf = 84.44 kj/kg , x2 = 0.50613 , Ufg = 158.65 Kj/kg

therefore U2 = 164.737 Kj/kg

The mass balance  ( me ) = m1 - m2 --- ( 3 )

energy balance( Qin ) = ( m2 * u2 ) - ( m1 * u1 ) + ( m1 - m2 ) * he

therefore Qin = 41.184 - 422.2 + 403.655  = 22.639 kJ

In low-speed external water flow over a bluff object, vortices are shed from the object. The vortex shedding produced by a particular object is to be studied in a water tunnel at a 1/4 scale model (model 1/4 the size of the prototype). After a dimensional study, it is found that the Pi terms of this phenomenon are the Reynolds number and the Strouhal number:Re = pVd/muSt = fd/Vwhere f is the frequency of the vortex shedding, V the velocity of the flow, d the characteristic length of the object, and p and mu the density and viscosity of the flow. 1. If the prototype speed is 7 m/s, determine the water velocity in the tunnel for the model tests. 2. If the model tests of part 1 produced a model shedding frequency of 200 Hz, determine the expected vortex shedding frequency on the prototype.

Answers

Answer:

1) the water velocity in the tunnel for the model tests is 28 m/s

2) the expected vortex shedding frequency on the prototype is 12.5 Hz

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

1)

using the Reynolds number relation for prototype and model,

PpVpdp/mu(Prototype) = PmVmdm/mu(for model)

but we know that, density and viscosity in prototype and model will remain same so;

Vp × dp = Vm × dm

vm = Vp × dp/dm

we substitute

vm = 7 m/s × 4

vm = 28 m/s

Therefore, the water velocity in the tunnel for the model tests is 28 m/s

2)

we make use of the Strouhal number relation as given in the question;

fp × dp/Vp = fm × dm/Vm

frequency of the prototype will be;

fp = fm × dm/Vm / dp/Vp

we substitute

fp = 200 × 7 / ( 4 × 28 )

fp = 1400 / 112

fp = 12.5 Hz

Therefore, the expected vortex shedding frequency on the prototype is 12.5 Hz

Rainfall rates for successive 20-min period of a 140min storm are 1.5, 1.5, 6.0, 4.0, 1.0, 0.8, and 3.2 in/hr, totaling 6.0in. Determine the rainfall excess during successive 20-min periods by the NRCS method. The soil in the basin belongs to group A. It is an agriculture row crop land with contoured pattern in good hydrologic condition. The soil is in average condition before the storm (moisture condition II).

Answers

The following are the rates of rainfall for successive 20 min. period of a 140 min. storm : 2.5

Identify the true statements about the lumped system analysis.
A. The entire body temperature remains essentially uniform at all times during a heat transfer process.
B. The temperature of lumped system bodies can be taken to be a function of time only.
C. The Biot number is less than or equal to 0.1.
D. The Biot number is greater than or equal to 1.

Answers

HEYYYYIWWOQIIQOQ191882

Sarah is a site investigator for a large construction firm. She is considering Miguel, a former geology student with experience as an intern at an architecture firm, for an assistant site investigation position. Which of the following is most relevant to her decision?

Answers

Answer: A. whether his geology studies exposed him to principles of geotechnical engineering

Explanation:

The options include:

a. whether his geology studies exposed him to principles of geotechnical engineering

b. the size of the geology program he attended

c. the size of the architecture firm

d. whether the architecture firm was intending to offer Miguel a full-time position

Since Miguel, is a former geology student with experience as an intern at an architecture firm, and Sarah is considering him for an assistant site investigation position, the option that will be relevant for her to make a decision is to know whether his geology studies exposed him to principles of geotechnical engineering.

Geotechnical engineering, is a branch of engineering that makes use of principles of rock mechanics to solve engineering challenges. Since Sarah needs him for an assistant site investigation position, he'll need to investigate souls, rocks and evaluate them.

Which option distinguishes the type of software the team should use in the following scenario?

A development team needs to create a code of detailed instructions for producing automobile dashboards for a large United States automaker.

a. computer-aided engineering software

b. digital manufacturing software

c. geographic mapping software

d. computer-aided manufacturing software

Answers

C geographic mapping software

is a baby duck swimming in a lake a learned behavior

Answers

Answer:

True because some ducks can't swim but have to learn it

Yes because they have to be able to learn how to swim and also when swimming get their food

AA
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Select the correct answer.
A certain noodle brand was taken off supermarket shelves because it did not conform to standards set by US regulatory agencies. The internal
team investigating the matter concluded that Luke Brown failed in his duty. What do you think was Luke's position in the company?
OA.
food production supervisor
OB
food safety and quality assurance manager
C.
research and development technician
OD
food and drug inspector
Reset
Next

Answers

Answer:

B. food safety and quality assurance manager

Explanation:

PLATO

Factors such as brake shoe orientation, pin location, and direction of rotation determine whether a particular brake shoe is considered to be self-energizing or self-deenergizing. Sketch a brake drum where the left shoe is self-energizing and the right shoe is self-deenergizing. Which shoe will produce more braking torque, assuming equal actuation forces and identical brake shoes

Answers

Answer:

Self energizing brake shoe produces more Torque

Explanation:

Attached below  is the sketches of the various cases

The cases are :

case 1 ; deenergizing

case 2 ; self energizing

case 3 ; produces high braking torque

For a brake to be self energizing when the Frictional torque and braking torque are in the same  direction

summary from equation 3

when:  b > uc  the brake is controllable

           b = uc  It is self locking

           b < uc  The brake is uncontrollable

FOR BRAINLIST ITS A DCP

The Battle of Sabine Pass
The Battle of Galveston
The Battle of Palmito Ranch
The Battle of Vicksburg

Answers

Answer:

I think The Battle of Sabine Pass

According to the article, what is one reason why commercial carmakers aim to develop driverless technology?

Answers

Incomplete question. However, I inferred you referring to the online article "How automakers can survive the self-driving era."

Explanation:

According to the article, as a result of the perceived demand for autonomous cars in the next few years, this has led to a heightened desire among commercial carmakers to develop driverless technology.

For example, carmakers such as Audi, Toyota have stated projections about the commercial availability of driverless cars.

Also discuss how bandwidth is affected by increasing the number of signal elements.

Answers

Because it depends on how much numbers are increasing into the element

The Aluminum Electrical Conductor Handbook lists a dc resistance of 0.01558 ohm per 1000 ft at 208C and a 60-Hz resistance of 0.0956 ohm per mile at 508C for the all-aluminum Marigold conductor, which has 61 strands and whose size is 1113 kcmil. Assuming an increase in resistance of 2% for spiraling, calculate and verify the dc resistance. Then calculate the dc resistance at 508C, and determine the percentage increase due to skin effect.

Answers

Answer:

a) 0.01558 Ω per 1000 feet

b) 0.0923  Ω per mile

c)  3.57%

Explanation:

a) Calculate and verify the DC resistance

Dc resistance = R = р [tex]\frac{l}{A}[/tex]

for aluminum at 20°C

р = 17 Ωcmil/ft

hence R = 17 * 1000 / ( 113000 ) = 0.01527 Ω per 1000 feet

there when there is an increase in resistance of 2% spiraling

R = 1.02 * 0.01527 = 0.01558 Ω per 1000 feet

b) Calculate the DC resistance at 50°C

R2 = R1 ( [tex]\frac{T+t2}{T+ t1}[/tex] )

where ; R1 = 0.01558 , T = 228 , t2 = 50, t1 = 20 ( input values into equation above )

hence R2 = ( 0.01746 / 0.189 ) Ω per mile = 0.0923  Ω per mile

c ) Determine the percentage increase due to skin effect

AC resistance = 0.0956 ohm per mile

Hence; Increase in skin effect

= ( 0.0956  -0.0923 ) / 0.0923

=  0.0357 ≈ 3.57%

What can be used to measure the alcohol content in gasoline? A. Graduated cylinder B. Electronic tester C. Scan tool D. Either a graduated cylinder or an electronic tester​

Answers

Answer:

GRADUATED CYLINDER

Explanation:

1. A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) releases effluent into a stream with mean depth 2 m and mean velocity 0.75 m/s. The BOD concentration at the WWTP is 15 mg/L, and the oxygen deficit is negligible. The deoxygenation rate in the stream is 0.8 d-1 and the reaeration rate is 1.2 d-1. a) Calculate the BOD concentration and DO deficit at a point 20 km downstream from the WWTP. (10 pts) b) What assumptions are inherent in these predictions (give at least two)

Answers

Answer:

A) BOD =  6.51 mg/l  , DO = 2.46 mg/l

B)  BOD of stream is negligible and DO of stream is at saturation level

Explanation:

Mean depth = 2 m

Mean velocity = 0.75 m/s

Bod concentration at WWTP = 15 mg/L

deoxygenation rate = 0.8 d-1

reaeration rate = 1.2  d-l

a) Calculate the BOD concentration  and DO deficit

at 20 km

tc = (20 * 10^3) / (0.75 * 3600 * 24 )

   = 0.309 days

[tex]BOD_{t}[/tex] = lo ( 1 - 10^- 0.8 * 0.309 )

         = 15 ( 1 - 10^ - 0.2472 )

         = 15 ( 0.434 ) = 6.51 mg/l

DO = ( Kd * lo / Kr ) * 10^ -Kd*tc

      = ( 0.8 * 6.51 / 1.2 ) * 10 ^ - 0.8 * 0.309

      = 4.34 * 10^-0.2472 = 2.46 mg/l

B) The assumptions are : BOD of stream is negligible and DO of stream is at saturation level

A low-altitude meteorological research balloon, temperature sensor, and radio transmitter together weigh 2.5 lb. When inflated with helium, the balloon is spherical with a diameter of 4 ft. The volume of the transmitter can be neglected when compared to the balloon's size. The balloon is released from ground level and quickly reaches its terminal ascent velocity. Neglecting variations in the atmosphere's density, how long does it take the balloon to reach an altitude of 1000 ft?

Answers

Answer:

12 mins

Explanation:

The summation of the forces in vertical direction

= Fb - Fd - w = 0 ∴ Fd = Fb - w  ----- ( 1 )

Fb ( buoyant force ) = Pair * g * Vballoon ------- ( 2 )

Pair = air density , Vballoon = volume of balloon

Vballoon = [tex]\frac{\pi D^3}{6}[/tex] ,  where D = 4  ∴  Vballoon = 33.51 ft^3

g = 32.2 ft/s^2

From property tables

Pair = 2.33 * 10^-3 slug/ft^3

μ ( dynamic viscosity ) = 3.8 * 10^-7 slug/ft.s

Insert values into equation 2

Fb = ( 2.33 * 10^-3 ) * ( 32.2 ) *( 33.51 )  = 2.514 Ib

∴ Fd = 2.514 - 2.5 = 0.014 Ib ( equation 1 )

Assuming that flow is Laminar  and  RE < 1

Re = (Pair * vd) / μair   -------- ( 3 )

where:  Pair = 2.33 * 10^-3 slug/ft^3 ,  vd = ( 987 * 4 ) ft^2/s ,   μair = 3.8 * 10^-7 slug/ft.s

Insert values into equation 3

Re = 2.4 * 10^7 (  this means that the assumption above is wrong )

Hence we will use drag force law

Assume Cd = 0.5

Express  Fd using the relation below

Fd = 1/2* Cd * Pair * AV^2

therefore V = 1.39 ft/s

Recalculate  Reynold's number using  v = 1.39 ft/s

Re = 34091

from the figure Cd ≈ 0.5 at Re = 34091  

Finally calculate the rise time ( time taken to reach an altitude of 1000 ft )

t = h/v

  = 1000 / 1.39 = 719 seconds ≈ 12 mins

Suppose we are given three boxes, Box A contains 20 light bulbs, of which 10 are defective, Box B contains 15 light bulbs, of which 7 are defective and Box C contains 10 light bulbs, of which 5 are defective. We select a box at random and then draw a light bulb from that box at random. (a) What is the probability that the bulb is defective? (b) What is the probability that the bulb is good?​

Answers

Answer:

0.49

0.51

Explanation:

Probability that bulb is defective :

Let :

b1 = box 1 ; b2 = box 2 ; b3 = box 3

d = defective

P(defective bulb) = (p(b1) * (d|b1)) + (p(b2) * p(d|b2)) + (p(b3) * p(d|b3))

P(defective bulb) = (1/3 * 10/20) + (1/3 * 7/15) + (1/3 * 5/10))

P(defective bulb) = 10/60 + 7/45 + 5/30

P(defective bulb) = 1/6 + 7/45 + 1/6 = 0.4888

= 0.49

P(bulb is good) = 1 - P(defective bulb) = 1 - 0.49 = 0.51

Air is a....
O Solid
O Liquid
O Gas
O Plasma

Answers

Answer:

Air is a gas

Explanation:

i think. beavuse it cant be a liqued or a solid. i dont think a plasma. i would answer gas

Alicia had to get over her fear of heights in order to become comfortable maintaining the generators in wind turbines. professional certification exam verifies the knowledge of the testee, whereas the CMP verifies green activity of the certified professional. A professional certification exam verifies the current qualifications of the testee, whereas the CMP ensures the certified professional continues to exhibit those qualifications. A professional certification exam verifies the qualifications of the testee, whereas the CMP measures the actual green commitment of the certified professional. A professional certification exam verifies the current knowledge of the testee, whereas the CMP ensures the certified professional continues to add to that knowledge.

Answers

Answer:a

Explanation:

Test if a number grade is an A (greater than or equal to 90). If so, print "Great!". Hint: Grades may be decimals. Sample Run Enter a Number: 98.5 Sample Output Great!

Answers

Answer:

In Python:

grade = float(input("Enter a Number: "))

if grade >= 90:

   print("Great!")

Explanation:

This prompts the user for grade

grade = float(input("Enter a Number: "))

This checks for input greater than or equal to 90

if grade >= 90:

If yes, this prints "Great"

   print("Great!")

Name some technical skills that are suitable for school leavers .​

Answers

Answer:

Welding, carpentry, masonry, construction worker, barber

Explanation:

In this lab, we assumed that the flip-flops did not contribute to the timing constraints of the circuit. Unfortunately, this is not the case. As you saw when you simulated the D flip-flop, the sampling action does not happen instantaneously. In fact, a flip-flop will become unstable if the inputs do not remain stable for a certain amount of time prior to the rising-edge event (setup time) and a certain amount of time after the rising-edge event (hold time). Assume a setup and hold time of 2ns and 1ns, respectively. What would the theoretical maximum clock rate for the synchronous adder be in this scenario

Answers

Don’t click on the link

Nitrogen (N2) enters an insulated compressor operating at steady state at 1 bar, 378C with a mass flow rate of 1000 kg/h and exits at 10 bar. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. The nitrogen can be modeled as an ideal gas with k 5 1.391. (a) Determine the minimum theoretical power input required, in kW, and the corresponding exit temperature, in 8C. (b) If the exit temperature is 3978C, determine the power input, in kW, and the isentropic compressor efficiency.

Answers

Answer:

A)

i) 592.2 k

ii) - 80 kw

B)

i) 105.86 kw

ii) 78%

Explanation:

Note : Nitrogen is modelled as an ideal gas hence R - value = 0.287

A) Determine the minimum theoretical power input required  and exit temp

i) Exit temperature :

[tex]\frac{T_{2s} }{T_{1} } = (\frac{P2}{P1} )^{\frac{k-1}{k} }[/tex]

∴ [tex]T_{2s}[/tex]  = ( 37 + 273 ) * [tex](\frac{10}{1} )^{\frac{1.391-1}{1.391} }[/tex]  =  592.2 k

ii) Theoretical power input :

W = [tex]\frac{-n}{n-1} mR(T_{2} - T_{1} )[/tex]

where : n = 1.391 , m = 1000/3600 , T2= 592.2 , T1 = 310 , R = 0.287

W = - 80 kW  ( i.e. power supplied to the system )

B) Determine power input and Isentropic compressor efficiency

Given Temperature = 3978C

i) power input to compressor

W = m* [tex]\frac{1}{M}[/tex] ( h2 - h1 )

h2 = 19685 kJ/ kmol ( value gotten from Nitrogen table at temp = 670k )

h1 = 9014 kj/kmol ( value gotten from Nitrogen table at temp = 310 k )

m = 1000/3600 ,  M = 28

input values into equation above

W = 105.86 kw

ii) compressor efficiency

П = ideal work output / actual work output

   = ( h2s - h1 ) / ( h2 - h1 ) = ( T2s - T1 ) / ( T2 - T1 )

  = ( 592.2 - 310 ) / ( 670 - 310 )

  = 0.784 ≈ 78%

You would use a _____________ gauge to check the pressure in each tire. A technician should compare the tire-pressure reading with the tire pressure specified on the side of the driver's _____________ . When servicing tires follow the _____________ procedure outlined in the owner’s manual or online service information. Correct tire-inflation pressure is printed on a placard on the _____________. Why are tires rotated? Which tire rotation method is most often recommended? _____________ An easy way to remember effective tire rotation is, “Drive wheels straight, _____________ the nondrive wheels.” A _____________ is used to ensure that the proper torque is completed on a

Answers

Answer:

the first one is tire pressure gauge :)

Explanation:

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what is thisssssssss Teenage parenting affects children. What have some studies indicated is often likely to happen when teens parent children?A. Younger parents easily provide environments that further children's cognitive abilities.B. Younger parents tend to be more positive in their interactions with their child.C. Most children with teenage parents are not within normal developmental ranges,D. Younger parents generally have less time to spend with their child. What kind of an impact did imperialism/colonization of Africa by European powers have on Africa? Which of the following is true about the Embargo Act of 1807?A.It banned imports and exports from Britain and FranceB.It set up a federal court systemC.It banned imports and exports from all countriesD.It helped the US Economy What created the Vancouver Island?earthquakevolcanoesfaultocean Aerobic exercise builds endurance and strengthens the heart, especially when your heart rate is in the target heart rate zone. True False The Centers for Disease Control reported the percentage of people 18 years of age and older who smoke (CDC website, December 14, 2014). Suppose that a study designed to collect new data on smokers and nonsmokers uses a preliminary estimate of the proportion who smoke of .30. a. How large a sample should be taken to estimate the proportion of smokers in the population with a margin of error of .02 (to the nearest whole number) V= u +at U=2 A=-5 T=1/2 Work out the value of v 5th grade math. Correct answer will be marked brainliest 10 POINTS PLEASE HURRY On August 8, 2020, Sam, single, age 62, sold for $210,000 his principal residence, which he has lived in for 10 years, and which had an adjusted basis of $60,000. On November 1, 2020, he purchased a new residence for $80,000. For 2020, Sam should recognize a gain on the sale of his residence of: a.$130,000 b.$25,000 c.$50,000 d.$0 e.None of these choices are correct. A cone has a diameter of 10 inches and a depth of 20 inches. If you use the formula V=13r2h to find the volume, will your answer be 523.6 inches3?Please help Please answer Ill give Brainly How did education impact the South? ASAP! Was the Truman doctrine a success or no? Just wanna hear different opinions on it? :))) I was with Hercules and Cadmus once,When in a wood of Crete they bayed the bearWith hounds of SpartaThe literary device used in this passage is an example of....1. Allusion2.anastrophe3.simile4.hyperbole 7.) Regarding molecular formula and empirical formula for a particular compound... (A) the subscripts in the empirical formula must be greater than or equal to those of the molecular to (B) the subscripts in the empirical formula must be less than or equal to those of the molecular form (C) the subscripts in the empirical formula must always be equal to those of the molecular formula (D) the subscripts in the empirical formula must be less than or greater than those of the molecular. The elements of the chart above have all contribute to the growth ofA. The global Diamond tradeB. Wildlife poachingC. Deforestation in the SahelD. DeforestationPlease help I would give brainliest and five stars and 10 points for the best answerI do not want to see a link as an answer The informational highway that has connected the world and allowed communication and the integration of technology among cultures is commonly known as (Science/math) please answer fast. read the problem below. please don't report if i got subject wrongScientists write very large and very small numbers using scientific notation. A gram of carbon has about 50,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms. Express this in scientific notation. a. Move the decimal until one nonzero digit remains on the left: 5.0000000000000000000 b. Count how the places you moved. In this case, 19 places left. c. Show that number as a power of 10. The exponent is negative if the decimal moves right and positive if it moves left. Answer: 5 10 19 d. Reverse the process to change scientific notation back to a whole number.