If it forms ions with ammonium in the ratio of (NH4)3X, X could be in Group IV A. Group IVA (14) metals form cations with +4 charge, although tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) can form cations having +2 charge.
What does the term "coordinate bond" mean?A covalent link (a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons originate from the same atom is known as a coordinate bond (also known as a dative covalent bond). Two atoms sharing a pair of electrons make a covalent connection. Because the electron pair is drawn to both nuclei, the atoms are kept together.
How is a coordinate bond recognized?An arrow pointing from the donor to the acceptor, with a positive charge on the donor and a negative charge on the acceptor, is used to symbolize a coordinate bond.
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Benzene (C6H6) burns in air to produce carbon dioxide and liquid water. How much heat is released per mole of benzene combusted? The standard enthalpy of formation of benzene is 49.04 kJ/mol
Benzene (C6H6) burns in air to produce carbon dioxide and liquid water.The heat released in KJ per gram of the compound reacted with oxygen is -41.83 KJ.
What is heat ?
Heat is the result of the movement of kinetic energy within a material or an item, or from an energy source to a material or an object. Radiation, conduction, and convection are the three mechanisms through which such energy can be transferred.
The movement of minuscule atoms, molecules, or ions in solids, liquids, and gases produces heat energy. From one thing to another, heat energy can be exchanged. Heat is the flow or transfer that occurs as a result of the temperature differential between two objects.
Reaction as follows;
2C6H6 + 15O2 → 12CO2 + 6H2O
2x49.04 2x10 12x-393.5 6x-285.8
= [ 12(-393.5 )+6(-285.8) ] - [ 2(49.04)+(2x10) ]
= - 6936.8 - 98
= - 6534.8 KJ/mole
Per gram of benzene
= ( -6534.8 KJ / 2 mole of C6H6) (1 mole of C6H6 / 78.108g )
= -41.83 KJ / mole
Thus, The heat released in KJ per gram of the compound reacted with oxygen is -41.83 KJ.
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A sample of gas occupies 6.00 L at a temperature of 200 K. If the pressure remains constant and the temperature is raised to 600 K, the volume of the gas sample would be:
The Ideal Gas Law states that the volume of a gas is proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.
What is pressure?Pressure is a force that is applied to an object over an area. It is measured in units of force per unit area, such as Pascals (Pa). Pressure can be applied in a number of ways, such as by squeezing, pushing, or compressing. It can also be caused by the weight of an object, or the force of gravity. Pressure can be used to do work, such as moving an object or creating heat.
This means that if we double the temperature, we will double the volume. Therefore, if the temperature of the gas sample is raised from 200 K to 600 K, the volume of the gas sample will increase from 6.00 L to 12.00 L.
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Select the proper IUPAC name for the following compound, including the (R) or (S) designation where appropriate. (2R, 3S)-2.3-difluorohexane (2S, 3R)-2, 3-difluorohexane (2R, 3R)-2, 3-difluorohexane (2S, 3S)-2, 3-difluorohexane
The proper IUPAC name for the compound is (2R,3S)-2,3-difluorohexane.
It is determined by following the IUPAC nomenclature rules for organic compounds. The key points for this are:
Parent Chain: The parent chain is a hexane, which is a six-carbon chain.Position of Substituents: A first substituent is a fluoro group that is on the second carbon of the parent chain, and a second substituent is a fluoro group that is on the third carbon of the parent chain. We use the prefix di- to indicate that there are two substituents.Absolute Configuration: The compound is a chiral compound, meaning that it has non-superimposable mirror images. To indicate the absolute configuration, we assign the priority of the substituents based on the atomic number of the atom directly bonded to the carbon atom of the substituent. The prefix (2R,3S) indicates that the substituent on the second carbon is in the R configuration and the substituent on the third carbon is in the S configuration.Final IUPAC Name: The proper IUPAC name of the compound is (2R,3S)-2,3-difluorohexane.Learn more about IUPAC nomenclature here:
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A cup of water contains 8.37 x 10^24 molecules of water. How many moles of water are in the cup?
There would be 13.9 moles of the water.
What is the number of molecules?We know that we could be able to use the Avogadro's number so as to determine the number of the molecules. this would stem from the postulation that one mole of the substances would in it about 6.02 * 10^23 molecules of the water.
We would now be able to say based on the information that have been passed above in the question;
1 mole of water would contain 6.02 * 10^23 molecules of the water
x moles of water would contain 8.37 x 10^24 molecules
x = 8.37 x 10^24 molecules * 1/6.02 * 10^23
x = 13.9 moles
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The world’s record for the largest cup of coffee was broken on October 152010, with a 2010 gallon cup of coffee in Las VegasNevada. If a cup of coffee contains 237 mL of coffeehow many cups of coffee would be required to fill this enormous coffee cup?
The number of coffee cups that would be required to fill the enormous coffee cup would be 32 cups.
Dimensional analysisThe world's largest cup of coffee can hold 2010 gallons of coffee as recorded in Las Vegas.
A normal coffee cup will only hold as much as 237 mL of coffee. Recall that:
1 gallon = 3.78541 LIf 1 gallon = 3.78541 L
2010 gallons = 2010 x 3.78541
= 7608.6741 L
In other words, the coffee cup with the record size will hold a maximum of 7608.6741 L of coffee while a normal coffee cup will only hold 237 mL. The problem now is the number of number coffee cups that will fill the world's record largest coffee.
7608.6741/237 = 32.10
Therefore, the number of normal coffee cups that would be required to fill the enormous coffee cup would be approximately 32 cups.
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A 211-mL sample of a 0.285 M CaCl2 solution is left on a hot plate overnight; the following morning, the solution is 1.25 M. What volume of water evaporated from the 0.285 M CaCl2 solution
When a 211-mL sample of a 0.285 M CaCl₂ solution is left on a hot plate overnight and the following morning, the solution is 1.25 M, the volume of water evaporated from the 0.285 M CaCl₂ solution is 48.108 ml.
Molarity (M) is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute present in a solution to the volume of the solution in litres.
given here,
Molarity of the original solution(M₁) = 0.285M
Volume of the original solution(V₁) = 211 ml
Molarity of the solution in the morning (M₂) = 1.25 M
Volume of the solution in the morning (V₂) = ?
We will calculate the volume of the solution in the morning by using the formula:
M₁ × V₁ = M₂ × V₂
⇒0.285 M× 211 ml = 1.25 M × V₂
⇒V₂ = 0.285 M× 211 ml / 1.25 M
⇒V₂= 48.108ml
The volume of water evaporated from the 0.285M CaCl₂ solution is 48.108 ml.
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What is the expected major organic product from treatment of 4-methyl-2-pentyne with sodium metal in liquid ammonia
4-methyl-2-pentene s the expected major organic product from treatment of 4-methyl-2-pentyne with sodium metal in liquid ammonia.
The process includes hydrogenation of an alkyne to an alkene in liquid ammonia using sodium metal. This is a particular reaction that leads in the creation of trans alkene. Alkynes are hydrocarbons with triple carbon-carbon bonds. For molecules with a single triple bond, their typical formula is CnH2n-2 (and no rings).
A number of the same reactions occur in alkynes as in alkenes, but they can react twice due to the existence of two p-bonds inside the triple bond. When sodium dissolves into liquid ammonia (boiling point -33 °C), it turns a vivid blue. When there are alkynes present, they have reduced to a trans (i.e. E) alkene.
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How many atoms are indicated by the prefixes for each of the following items. drag each item to the appropriate bin
tetrisdide montui donde bro utracondo chloride triponthou Decode 1 atom 2 atoms 3 atoms 4 stoms 5 atoms 6 atoms
The prefixes you provided do not correspond to any known chemical element or compound. The prefixes used in chemistry typically come from Greek or Latin and indicate the number of atoms present in a molecule of a certain element or compound.
For example, "mono-" indicates 1 atom, "di-" indicates 2 atoms, "tri-" indicates 3 atoms, "tetra-" indicates 4 atoms, and so on. prefixes let me know if you have any other question
Mono - 1 - montui, chloride
di - 2 atoms - donde
tri - 3 atoms - triponthou
tetra - 4 atoms - tetrisdide
utra - 5 atoms - utracondo are prefixes .
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A 35.2-mL, 1.66 M KMnO 4 solution is mixed with 16.7 mL of 0.892 M KMnO 4 solution. Calculate the concentration of the fi nal solution.
The concentration of the final solution is 1.41[tex]\frac{mol}{L}[/tex].
Now, first calculate the number of moles of first solution:
[tex]M_{1} =\frac{no. of moles of solution}{total volume of solution}[/tex]
no. of moles we have to find
total volume is 0.0352L and molarity of solution is 1.66M
The total number of moles of solute present in a given solution per litre is known as its molarity. In contrast to mass, which varies as the system's physical circumstances vary, the volume of a solution changes as a function of changes in the system's physical qualities, such as pressure and temperature. This has an impact on the molality of the solution. The symbol M, sometimes known as a molar, denotes molarity.
[tex]1.66=\frac{n}{0.0352}[/tex]
on solving we get,
n=0.0584 mol
Now, find the number of moles of second solution by the same formula used to find the moles of first solution,
molarity of second solution is 0.892M and total volume is 0.0167L
Now, put the values in the formula,
[tex]0.892=\frac{m}{0.0167}[/tex]
On solving we get,
m=0.0149 mol
and to find the concentration of new solution number of moles is equal to the sum of moles of first solution and second solution.
x=m+n
x=0.0584+0.0149
x=0.0733 mol
Now, molar concentration is,
[tex]M=\frac{x}{V}[/tex]
[tex]M=\frac{0.0733}{0.352+0.0167}[/tex]
On solving we get,
M=1.41[tex]\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]
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What is the relationship between properties and substances?
The relationship between properties and substances is an important one as the properties define or describe the type, kind or composition of a substance. There are two factors that affect the properties of a substance and these are kinetic energies and intermolecular forces.
In chemistry, substances are categorized on the basis of physical and chemical properties. All the substances are composed of tiny particles which are in constant motion due to kinetic energy and keep moving in all directions in a substance.
In addition to this, intermolecular forces are also present in a substance which keeps the particles together. In this way substances maintain their shape, arrangement and properties such as melting point, boiling point, hardness, composition and color due to their particular properties.
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[sulfate ion] in a1.15 M potassium sulfate
The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. Therefore, the concentration of sulfate ion is 1.15 M.
What is molarity?Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in litre. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.
K₂SO₄[tex]\rightarrow[/tex]2K⁺ + SO₄²⁻
concentration of potassium sulfate=concentration of potassium ion=concentration of sulfate ion
1.15 M =concentration of potassium ion=concentration of sulfate ion
Therefore, the concentration of sulfate ion is 1.15 M.
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What is the total reduction potential of a cell in which sodium (Na) is reduced and zinc (Zn) is oxidized
The total reduction potential of a cell in which sodium (Na) is reduced and zinc (Zn) is oxidized -1.95 V.
The tendency of a chemical species is to be reduced, expressed in volts under normal conditions, is known as the standard reduction potential.
The standard reduction potential belongs to the group of potentials known as standard electrodes or standard cells. The difference in voltage between the cathode and anode is known as the standard cell potential. The standard sodium reduction potential is -2.71V. Zinc has an average reduction potential of -0.76 V. Therefore, the overall reduction potential is 1.95 V.
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How many moles is 20 grams?
0.5 moles are present in 20 grams of calcium.
The mole, which is denoted by the symbol "mol," is the volume of a system that includes as many elementary particles as there are atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon 12.
The number of atoms, molecules, or ions that make up one mole of a substance is 6.022 × 10²³ . The term "Avogadro's number" or "Avogadro's constant" refers to the number 6.022 × 10²³
Atomic Mass of Calcium = 40u
(Atomic Mass is same as Molar Mass, so)
Molar Mass of Calcium = 40g
Formula to find number of moles
Number of Moles = given mass / molar mass
= 20 / 40 = 0.5 moles
Therefore, 0.5 moles are present in 20 grams of calcium.
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The complete question is
How many moles are there in 20 g of calcium
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is combined with cesium hydroxide (CsOH) in a neutralization reaction. Which ions will combine to form a salt
The ions will combine to form a salt are Cl- and Cs+ when Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is combined with cesium hydroxide (CsOH) in a neutralization reaction.
HCl + CsOH --> CsCl + H2O
Cesium chloride is the salt that results from the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with cesium hydroxide. Because both of the bonds in salt compounds the positively charged cesium ion and the negatively charged chloride ion have electrical charges, they are referred to as ionic bonds. A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base combine to form salt and water in an aqueous solution. A salt is the name for the aqueous cesium chloride that is created during the process.
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Time Remaining 4 hours 45 minutes 24 seconds04:45:24 Check my workCheck My Work button is now disabledItem 15 Time Remaining 4 hours 45 minutes 24 seconds04:45:24 Protactinium-234 has a half-life of 1 minute. How much of a 400. g sample protactinium would remain after 4 minutes
After 4 minutes, 400 g of the sample would have decayed to 400 g - (200 g x 4) = 396.2 g.
What is protactinium?Protactinium (symbol Pa) is a rare, radioactive, metallic element in the actinide series of the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 91 and an atomic mass of 231. It is found in trace amounts in nature, but can be artificially produced in a nuclear reactor. Protactinium is a soft, silvery-gray metal that is soluble in acids and insoluble in bases. It has a high melting point and is moderately toxic. It has a variety of uses, including as a fuel source in nuclear reactors and in medical research.
After 4 minutes, 400 g of protactinium-234 would have decayed to approximately 396.2 g.
This is because the half-life of protactinium-234 is 1 minute, meaning that in one minute, half of the original amount (200 g) of the sample will decay.
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Glass is typically produced by mixing sand (quartz or silica, SiO_2) with other compounds or minerals, which are then crushed, melted, and then cooled (vitrification). Given the compositions and properties of the different types of glass in the table above, consider the role each compound plays in the type of glass formed, and then complete the statements below. Match the compounds in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Adding to the mixture that undergoes vitrification produces a glass with brilliant optical properties. Adding to the mixture that undergoes vitrification produces a glass that can be used for baking purposes or storing chemical solutions. Adding to the mixture that undergoes vitrification produces a glass that is insoluble in water. Adding to the mixture that undergoes vitrification allows the glass to be produced at much lower temperatures.
Addition of soda (Na₂CO₃) to the vitrifying mixture produces glasses with excellent optical properties.
Give a brief account on silica?Silica is the common name for the compound silicon dioxide, which consists of one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms. It is an important component of many rocks, sands, and clays, and is also found in many plants and animals. Silica is used in a wide variety of products, from beer and wine to pottery, glass, and paint. It is also used in building materials such as concrete and mortar, and as a food additive. Silica is also used to make silicon-based electronics such as computer chips.
Adding lime (CaCO₃) to the vitrifying mixture creates a jar that can be used to bake or store the liquid medicine.
Addition of alumina (Al₂O₃) to a mixture undergoing vitrification produces a glass that is insoluble in water.
Addition of borax (Na₂B₄O₇) to the mixture during vitrification allows glass to be produced at much lower temperatures.
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How do we measure energy of a reaction?
Answer:
joules.
Explanation:
A measure of the total internal heat content.
which could be exothermic or endothermic
What is the main function of meter?
The main function of the meter rule is to measure the distance between the two points , it is use to measure the length.
The first unit of the length is the meter. the length is defined as the distance between the two points. the meter is used to measure the length in the international system of the units. the instrument used to measure the meter is the meter rule or the meter stick. the mete rule is also called as the ruler. before the meter rule of discovery we use the primitive methods to measure the distance.
Thus, the function of the meter is the to measure the distance between the two points.
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Step 2: measure the area of the top of the syringe
The top of the syringe is a circle. You need to compute area for use in lead to computations of pressure valves. Start by using a ruler to measure the diameter. Estimate to the nearest. 1 cm
3. 60 cm
Divided by two to find the radius. Maintain significant figures
1. 80 cm
Substitute the radius into the formula pie r 2 To find the area of the top of the syringe. Maintain significant figures
10. 2 cm
The syringes' circle measures area 10.17 square inches.
The area of a circle is the area that a circle occupies on a two-dimensional plane. The region contained by the circle's radius or perimeter is another way to define the circle's area. The circle's radius, or r, is equal to its diameter in half.
The diameter given is 3.60cmThe radius given is 1.80cmWe need to calculate the area of the circle
You may determine the circle's surface area via
Change the formula's value for r.
Area of circle =π[tex]r^{2}[/tex]
Area of circle =3.14[tex]\times[/tex]1.80[tex]\times[/tex]1.80
Area of circle =10.17 [tex]cm^{2}[/tex]
Hence the area of the Circle is 10.17[tex]cm^{2}[/tex]
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What is the smallest measurement you can make on the meter stick using the metric scale?
The smallest measurement you can make on the meter stick using the metric scale is the millimeter.
The millimeter is the smallest measurement on the meter stick . The millimeter is the smallest reading in the meter stick. we use the meter stick to simply measure the length. The meter reading is calibrated in the centimeters in the meter scale. the least count in the meter scale is the millimeters. we can measure the things as the length of the table or the width.
Thus, the smallest measurement in the meter stick using the meter scale is the millimeters. the symbol of the millimeters is mm.
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1. Assertion:Amobea is unicellular organism and has no organs for
breathing.
R: Respiration of amobea is by diffusion.
Answer:
Amoeba has no special respiratory organs and no respiratory pigments but there is a free exchange of gases by diffusion through the general body surface which is permeable to the gases dissolved in water
A 1. 0108 g sample of an unknown nonelectrolyte is dissolved in 10. 0090 g of benzophenone and produces a solution that freezes at 35. 8 C. If the pure benzophenone melted at 48. 1 C, what is the molecular weight of the unknown compound?
The molecular weight of the unknown compound is 80.864g.
Give a definition of freezing point depression.Only the solute's concentration affects freezing point depression; the solute's mass or chemical composition have no bearing. When it's cold outside, salt is often used to prevent ice from forming on roads by lowering the freezing point of water.
Depression in freezing point is Kb x m
T(f) - T = Kb x m
48.1 - 35.8 = 9.8 x m
m = 1.255
m = moles of solute x 1000/mass of solvent
moles of solute x 1000 / 10.0090 = 1.255
moles of solute = 0.0125
moles = mass / molar mass
1.0108 / molar mass = 0.0125
molar mass = 1.0108 / 0.0125
molar mass = 80.864
so the molecular weight is 80.864g.
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How does Angelica Hernandez work help others
Answer:Angelica currently works on energy efficiency programs for Nexant, Inc, an Arizona-based company focused on clean energy solutions.
Explanation:
You have a 400-mL container containing 55. 0% He and 45. 0% Ar by ma at 25°C and 1. 5 atm total preure. You heat the container to 100°C Calculate the ratio of PHe : PAr
The ratio of the container with PHe: PAr will be given as= 12.2/1
All pressures present in a reference system are added together to get the total pressure, or ptot. Bernoulli (see Fluid mechanics) defined this pressure as the sum of the static pressure (p), dynamic pressure (pdyn), and geodetic component (g, z) that exist in a fluid along a stream line in a frictionless flow.The pascal (Pa), often known as kilograms per square meter per second (kg/m1s2), is the SI unit for pressure. Prior to 1971, pressure in SI was only expressed in terms of newtons per square meter; this nomenclature for the unit was added at that time. While a fluid is stationary or when you are moving with it, you have static pressure. You would feel an equal amount of air pressure from all sidesTo know more about pressure here
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The ratio of PHe: PAr will be given as= 12.2/1
All pressures present in a reference system are added together to get the total pressure, or ptot. Bernoulli (see Fluid mechanics) defined this pressure as the sum of the static pressure (p), geodetic component (g, z) and dynamic pressure (pdyn), that exist in a fluid along with a stream line in a frictionless flow. The pascal (Pa), often known as kilograms per square meter per second (kg/m1s2), is the SI unit of pressure. Before 1971, pressure in SI was expressed in terms of newtons per square meter. You have static pressure, while a fluid is stationary or when you are moving with it. You would feel an equal amount of air pressure from all the sides.
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7. Convert 25.0 grams of KMnO4 to moles.
K-39.098
Mn- 54.938
0-15.999
Answer in THREE Sig Figs with Units
8.0 mol AgNO3 reacts with 5.0 mol Zn in
a single replacement reaction.
2AgNO3 + Zn→ 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2
How many moles of Ag form from 5.0
mol Zn?
[?] mol Ag
Round your answer to the ones place.
The number of moles of Ag that forms from 5.0 moles of Zn is 10 moles.
How to calculate number of moles?The number of moles of a substance can be calculated stoichiometrically as follows;
Stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).
According to this question, silver nitrate reacts with zinc to produce silver and zinc nitrate as follows:
2AgNO₃ + Zn → 2Ag + Zn(NO₃)₂
Based on the equation above, 1 mole of Zn produces 2 moles of silver.
Hence, 5 moles of Zn will produce 10 moles of Ag.
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Orange juice has a pH of 4. What is its relative acidity compared to pure water, which has a pH of 7
The relative acidity of orange juice compared to pure water is 1000times. The relationship between acid strength and pH is inverse.
A scale that historically denoted "potential of hydrogen" was used to describe how basic or acidic an aqueous solution was. The pH values of acidic solutions are typically lower than those of basic or alkaline solutions. The pH scale can be used to gauge how strong an acid is. Higher pH values result in weaker acids, while lower pH values result in stronger acids. Therefore, we may conclude that the relationship between acid strength and pH is inverse.
Given the pH of orange juice = 4
Then concentration of orange juice (M1) = 10^-4M
pH of pure water = 7
The concentration of [H+] in water (M2) = 10^-7M
The relative pH = 10^-4/10^-7 = 10^3
Hence its relative acidity compared to pure water is 1000 times.
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Which of the following is consistent with an exothermic reaction that is nonspontaneous at high temperatures?
A.
?H > 0, ?S > 0, ?G < 0
B.
?H < 0, ?S < 0, ?G > 0
C.
?H < 0, ?S > 0, ?G > 0
D.
?H > 0, ?S < 0, ?G < 0
E.
?H < 0, ?S > 0, ?G < 0
As a result, option c is correct: H must be negative and S must be positive.
What is exothermic reaction?Energy is transmitted to or from the surroundings when a chemical reaction occurs. An exothermic reaction occurs when energy is transmitted to the surroundings, and the temperature of the surroundings rises. The term exothermic implies "heating up." As an exothermic process progresses, energy, frequently in the form of heat, is released. An exothermic reaction is one that is chemical in nature and is characterized by the release of energy in the form of heat or light. Matching a light with a matchstick is an example of this sort of reaction in which the release is both heat and light.
Here,
The spontaneity can be determined by the equation as:
ΔG=ΔH−TΔS
If the Gibbs free energy is negative, it gives a spontaneous reaction. Hence, the ΔH must be negative and ΔS must be positive.
If the Gibbs free energy is positive then it will be non-spontaneous. Hence, ΔS must be negative at very high temperature.
Therefore, option c is correct that is the ΔH must be negative and ΔS must be positive.
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Why do the electrons stay in between the nuclei of the two hydrogen atoms chemthink
Electrons stay in between the nuclei of the two hydrogen atoms because they are attracted to the positive charge of the nuclei.
Electrons are negatively charged species, so they are attracted towards the positive charge of a nucleus.
In hydrogen atom, when both the two hydrogen atoms get close to each other then the electrons of each atom will get attracted to both the nuclei. And if both the hydrogen atoms come close to each other they will repel each other.
The energy of the two hydrogen atoms becomes less when they are together than when they are far apart.
Thus, the electrons tend to stay in between the nuclei of the two hydrogen atoms.
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What type of rock commonly often contains gas bubbles and the mineral(s) hornblende, muscovite, olivine, lucite, and/or plagioclase?
Igneous rock commonly often contains gas bubbles and the mineral(s) hornblende, muscovite, olivine, lucite, and/or plagioclase.
What are igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks are rocks that form when molten rock cools and solidifies, either below the Earth's surface or on its surface. They are the oldest type of rocks on the planet and are composed primarily of crystals. Examples of igneous rocks include basalt, gabbro, granite, obsidian, pumice, and scoria.
Igneous rocks form from cooling and crystallizing molten rock, or magma. As the magma cools, minerals crystallize out of the molten material, forming the igneous rock. Hornblende, muscovite, olivine, lucite, and/or plagioclase are all common minerals that form as the magma cools, due to their high melting points. Gas bubbles may also form as the magma cools, creating a "vesicular" texture.
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