During interphase, which is the longest phase of the cell cycle, the cell undergoes several crucial processes in preparation for cell division. It can be divided into three main stages: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2).
In the G1 phase, the cell grows in size, performs its regular metabolic activities, and prepares for DNA replication. The nucleus is intact and not dividing during this stage.
The S phase is characterized by DNA replication, where the cell's genetic material is duplicated. Each chromosome forms two identical sister chromatids that remain attached at the centromere.
The G2 phase follows DNA replication and is focused on cell growth and preparation for division. The cell continues to synthesize proteins, increase in size, and check for any DNA damage or errors.
Therefore, during interphase, the cell grows in size, performs necessary metabolic activities, replicates its DNA, and ensures proper preparation for subsequent cell division.
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Cells that live in environments where oxygen is present only a small amount of the time have two options to survive. They can be obligate anaerobes, which are poisoned by oxygen and do full cellular respiration with an electron transport chain that ends in a different molecule than oxygen (such as sulfur.) Alternatively, they can be facultative anaerobes that do full cellular respiration with oxygen when oxygen is available but do fermentation with glycolysis when oxygen is not available. Full cellular respiration makes 32 ATP per glucose. Glycolysis makes only 2 ATP per glucose. Write out which option you think is better in an environment that only occasionally (rarely) contains oxygen, obligate or facultative anaerobe, and defend your answer.
by defending the answer is that aerobic respiration is used by oxygen but anaerobic respiration is not used by oxygen also plants they do survive at night but human being cannot breathe the same air with plants at night because oxygen take place but at the daytime we use carbon dioxide this is how I do understand in my understanding
What would happend if weeds are
not removed from the field?
Answer:
they would die
Explanation:
What are two different ways that
weathering can happen?
Chemically & Physically(mechanically)
erosion & physically (mechanically)
chemically & deposition
Answer:
Chemically & Physically(mechanically)
Explanation:
Weathering is the wearing away of rock found at the surface of the earth. There are different ways weathering can occur and they include;
1. Mechanical weathering: This is the breakdown of rock into bits or fragments. Physical factors such as water can lead to this breakdown. When water falls into the pores and cracks of rocks, pressure can be created that will eventually result in the breakdown of these rocks.
2. Chemical weathering: This type of weathering causes a change in the physical makeup of the rock. The new form of rock created is more prone to erosion. Temperature is factor that can speed up chemical weathering.
When a normal cell undergoes mitosis it produces two, identical cells that are clones of the “mother” cell. How is that different from what sex cells do when they undergo meiosis?
Answer:
when a sex cell undergoes meiosis, it producs two haploid cells each having half the chromosome number of the "mother" cell
What is the force of a 3 kg skateboard accelerating at a rate of 4m/s2? Plug in the numbers: Force = mass x acceleration
What three structures are responsible for aiding the process of making transporting or storing protein
Answer:
the nucleus, ribosomes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
Explanation:
in beta oxidation of linoleic acid, what is the cost in total atps for the presence of the two double bonds compared to the saturated carbon chain stearic acid?
When stearic acid is subjected to beta-oxidation, it passes through 8 cycles, creating 8 molecules of acetyl-CoA.
Each beta-oxidation cycle results in the production of acetyl-CoA, which may then enter citric acid cycle to create ATP. The number of beta-oxidation cycles necessary to thoroughly oxidise fatty acid accounts for a difference in ATP output among saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid and linoleic acid with two double bonds. A saturated fatty acid containing 18 carbon atoms is called stearic acid. Stearic acid is subjected to beta-oxidation eight times, creating eight molecules of acetyl-CoA.
Each acetyl-CoA molecule in citric acid cycle may provide roughly ten ATP molecules, for a total of about 80 ATP molecules. Linoleic acid goes through nine cycles of beta-oxidation, yielding nine molecules. The ATP yield per beta-oxidation cycle is slightly lower than stearic acid because each double bond requires an extra step. Therefore, linoleic acid's beta-oxidation produces a slightly lower total ATP production than stearic acid's.
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describe the stretch-shortening cycle (ssc), and explain how it relates to exercise.
The Stretch Shortening Cycle (SSC) is a reactive power storage and release process that occurs in muscles and tendons during exercise. It is a neuromuscular phenomenon that has been shown to improve muscular power output and improve muscle contractile properties in response to rapid, explosive movements.
The Stretch Shortening Cycle (SSC) is the action of contracting a muscle after it has been stretched, such as when jumping, hopping, or running. The process is initiated when a muscle is pre-stretched prior to the concentric phase of a movement, allowing for elastic energy to be stored in the muscle-tendon complex. This stored energy is then used to produce more power during the concentric phase of the movement, leading to an overall increase in muscular force production. The stretch reflex is a critical component of the SSC, as it helps to facilitate the transition from the eccentric to the concentric phase of the movement. Some exercises that utilize the SSC include plyometrics, which involve rapid, explosive movements such as jump training, sprints, and agility drills. These exercises are designed to enhance muscle power and reactive strength, which can improve athletic performance in sports that require explosive movements, such as basketball, soccer, and volleyball. In conclusion, the SSC plays a significant role in improving muscle power output and contractile properties during exercise. It is a neuromuscular phenomenon that is facilitated by the stretch reflex and is critical for producing rapid, explosive movements in sports and other athletic activities.
The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is a neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs during certain types of movements, particularly in activities involving jumping, running, and throwing. It involves a sequence of muscle actions that consists of three phases: eccentric, amortization, and concentric.
1. Eccentric Phase: The SSC begins with the eccentric phase, during which the muscle lengthens under tension. This phase occurs when a muscle is stretched or loaded prior to a contraction. For example, when you prepare to jump, your leg muscles lengthen as you lower yourself into a squatting position.
2. Amortization Phase: Following the eccentric phase, there is a brief transition called the amortization phase. This phase is crucial and time-sensitive, as it represents the transition between muscle lengthening and muscle shortening. The muscle quickly changes direction and prepares for the subsequent concentric contraction. It is characterized by a rapid isometric pause, meaning the muscle does not change length significantly during this phase.
3. Concentric Phase: The final phase of the SSC is the concentric phase, during which the muscle contracts and shortens, generating force. In the context of jumping, this is when the leg muscles rapidly contract to propel the body upward.
The SSC is essential for enhancing the efficiency and power of various athletic movements. It leverages the elastic properties of muscles and tendons, as well as the stretch reflex, to generate greater force and power output. Here's how it relates to exercise:
1. Increased Power and Force: The SSC allows muscles to store and release energy, resulting in enhanced power production. When the muscle is eccentrically loaded, it stretches the tendons and stores elastic energy. This stored energy is then rapidly released during the subsequent concentric contraction, resulting in greater force production and movement efficiency. Exercises that utilize the SSC, such as depth jumps or plyometric exercises, can help improve power and explosiveness in athletes.
2. Improved Muscular Performance: By training the SSC, individuals can enhance their neuromuscular coordination, timing, and muscle activation patterns. The rapid transition from eccentric to concentric muscle actions improves the neural pathways involved in coordinating muscle contractions, leading to improved motor performance and efficiency.
3. Injury Prevention: Proper utilization of the SSC can also contribute to injury prevention. The rapid eccentric loading and subsequent concentric contraction help strengthen the tendons, making them more resilient to forces encountered during dynamic movements. Training the SSC can enhance joint stability, decrease the risk of muscle strains, and improve overall movement mechanics.
It's important to note that the SSC should be trained with care, as it places greater stress on the muscles, tendons, and joints. Proper technique, progression, and appropriate training volume should be considered to ensure safety and maximize the benefits of incorporating the SSC into exercise routines. Consulting with a qualified exercise professional can provide personalized guidance based on individual fitness levels and goals.
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Which of the following could be a function of a phagocyte?
Choose 1 answer:
A. Acting as a physical barrier against pathogens
B. Activating B cells
C. Engulfing a foreign pathogen
D. Making antibodies specific to a pathogen
D. Producir anticuerpos específicos para un patógeno
The following could be a function of a phagocyte, Making antibodies specific to a pathogen.
What is chemotaxis?
The process of attracting the phagocytes to the site of injury is known as chemotaxis.
The chemotaxis is a part of the inflammatory response of the body. The phagocytes once attracted to the site of the injury ingests the bacteria by attaching to the bacterial cell wall.
The ingestion of the invading bacteria is known as phagocytosis. The destroyed bacteria is then released from the phagocytes.
Thus, option D is correct, Making antibodies specific to a pathogen.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP I WILL MARK AS BRAINLIEST!
Give an example of a chemical reaction that is caused when reactants cool.
Answer: iron and oxygen combining to make rust. vinegar and baking soda combining to make sodium acetate, carbon dioxide and water.
Explanation:
List and describe the three major theoretical issues in the study of lifespan development.
Explanation:
Three issues pervade this study:
The relative impact of genes and experience on development. Whether the development is best described as gradual and continuous or as a sequence of separate stages. Whether personality traits remain stable or change over the life span.Choose the best definition for an ecosystem.
a place where one type of organism lives.
a place where organisms are interacting with other organisms and with their environment
a place where a group of organisms is interacting with another group of organisms
all of the nonliving things in the environment
Answer:
a place where organisms are interacting with other organisms and with their environment
Explanation:
HOPE IT'S HELPS YOUTHANKYOUAnswer:
a place where one type of organism lives.
Select all the correct answers.
This model shows a human embryo. What can you determine about its development from the model?
It has a postanal tail.
It’s a vertebrate
It has pharyngeal arches.
It has fully developed organ systems.
From the model shown of a human embryo, the following facts about its development can be determined: It’s a vertebrateIt has pharyngeal arches It has a postanal tail.
A vertebrate is any member of the subphylum Vertebrata, which comprises organisms having a backbone or spinal column. Humans, as well as all other mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians, are vertebrates.The pharyngeal arches are a collection of ridges in the pharynx that separate the pharynx into separate segments. They are structures in the embryo that go on to form several other structures in the head and neck region, including the jaws, teeth, and certain muscles of the face.
A postanal tail is an extension of the body that extends beyond the anus. It is characteristic of the development of most chordates, which includes both vertebrates and invertebrates. These tails contain muscles and other structures that enable the organism to move about its environment in a coordinated manner.From the model of the human embryo provided, none of the characteristics indicate fully developed organ systems. Hence, the correct options are:a) It’s a vertebrate) It has pharyngeal arches) It has a postanal tail.
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A W E G
5 3 12
Between which two genes would you expect the highest frequency of recombination?
A) A and W
B) E and G
C) A and E
D) A and G
The genes E and G are located far apart on the chromosome, hence they are expected to show the highest frequency of recombination. Therefore, the correct answer is option B) E and G.
The term recombination can be defined as the process in which new combinations of alleles or genes are created through genetic exchanges that occur between homologous chromosomes or between DNA molecules. The frequency of recombination is typically expressed as a percentage of the total number of offspring in a population. The two genes that exhibit the highest frequency of recombination are usually located far apart on a chromosome. Therefore, the answer to the question is option B) E and G.
To understand the given problem statement, one must have a basic idea of gene recombination and linkage analysis. As per the given information, the given symbols A, W, E, G are symbolic notations for genes located on the chromosome. And, the numbers 5, 3, 12 indicate the frequency of recombination that occurs between two genes present on the same chromosome.The genes that are located near to each other on a chromosome tend to stay together and are said to be linked. Whereas, the genes located far apart on the chromosome exhibit a high degree of recombination between them. The probability of recombination between two genes increases with the increase in the distance between them. On the other hand, the genes that are closely located to each other exhibit a low degree of recombination as they are usually inherited together.
The highest frequency of recombination is expected between the genes that are located far apart on the chromosome. Thus, as given in the options, the genes E and G are located far apart on the chromosome, hence they are expected to show the highest frequency of recombination. Therefore, the correct answer is option B) E and G.
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The energy needed for the changes in the water cycle to take place comes
from__.
A. wind
B.green plants
C.nitrogen
D.the sun
Can someone please help I need it for finals to study
Answer: *CFS*?
1) Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms on Earth, including the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems.
2) The destruction of ecosystems can lead to a decline in species populations, ultimately resulting in a loss of biodiversity.
3) Habitat loss and poaching of wild animals both generally lead to a decrease in biodiversity. Habitat loss means that ecosystems are destroyed or altered, which can result in the loss of species and genetic diversity. Poaching of wild animals can cause the decline or even extinction of certain species, which can have ripple effects throughout the ecosystem and lead to a reduction in biodiversity. Creating protected ecosystems, on the other hand, can lead to an increase in biodiversity. By preserving and protecting natural habitats, ecosystems can remain intact, and species can continue to thrive. Protected areas can also provide a sanctuary for threatened or endangered species, allowing them to recover and potentially increase in population size. Overall, protected ecosystems can play a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing biodiversity.
4) Degradation is the process of breaking down or deteriorating, typically resulting in a decline in quality, value, or condition.
5) Reducing fishing pressure on threatened and endangered marine species is generally a beneficial action. Overfishing can have significant negative impacts on fish populations and the overall health of marine ecosystems, and can even lead to the extinction of certain species. By reducing fishing pressure on threatened and endangered species, we can help to protect these species from further decline and allow their populations to recover. This can lead to a more sustainable and healthy marine ecosystem with greater biodiversity. Breeding diseases and parasites that can transfer to wild fish is generally a form of degradation. Introducing diseases and parasites to wild fish populations can have significant negative impacts on the health and survival of these species. It can also disrupt the balance of the ecosystem and affect the overall biodiversity of the area. In addition, diseases and parasites can spread beyond the target species, potentially causing harm to other aquatic organisms and even to humans who consume contaminated fish. Therefore, it is important to take measures to prevent the spread of diseases and parasites in aquatic environments and to promote the health of wild fish populations. Creating jobs in coastal communities and using other fish species to feed farmed fish can have both beneficial and degrading aspects, depending on the specific circumstances. On the one hand, creating jobs in coastal communities can be beneficial by providing employment opportunities for local residents and contributing to the economic growth of the area. This can help to reduce poverty and improve the standard of living for people living in these communities. On the other hand, some forms of aquaculture (fish farming) can have negative impacts on the environment, such as pollution from fish waste and the use of antibiotics and other chemicals. In addition, using other fish species to feed farmed fish can contribute to overfishing and the depletion of wild fish populations, which can have negative impacts on marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the potential environmental impacts of aquaculture and to implement sustainable practices that minimize negative impacts while maximizing the benefits. This might include using alternative feed sources that are less reliant on wild fish, adopting best practices for waste management and water quality control, and ensuring that farming practices are conducted in an environmentally responsible manner. By doing so, it may be possible to create jobs and support economic growth in coastal communities while also maintaining the health and biodiversity of marine ecosystems.
What does it mean to be Resilient?Being resilient means having the ability to adapt and recover in the face of adversity, stress, or challenging circumstances. Resilience is the ability to bounce back and regain one's footing after experiencing setbacks or difficulties. Resilience is not about avoiding problems or challenges, but rather about facing them head-on and using one's strengths and resources to overcome them. People who are resilient are able to maintain a positive outlook and a sense of purpose, even in the face of difficult situations. They are able to stay focused on their goals and remain flexible in their approach when faced with obstacles. Resilient individuals are also able to draw on their social support networks and seek help when needed, recognizing that asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness.
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one characteristic of plasmodium and other members of the group it belongs to (such as the causative agents of toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis) is
The one characteristic of Plasmodium and other members of the group it belongs to (such as the causative agents of toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis) is that they are all unicellular eukaryotic organisms that reproduce asexually by mitosis.
Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is a unicellular eukaryotic organism, which means it is made up of a single cell with a nucleus and other organelles, similar to other eukaryotic cells. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which is also a unicellular eukaryote.
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by the unicellular parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, which is another unicellular eukaryotic organism. All of these organisms reproduce asexually by mitosis, which means that the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This type of reproduction is different from sexual reproduction, in which two cells combine their genetic material to create a new organism.
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The percentage of crossing over events is used to develop a map of chromosomes. View the chromosome map on the last page. How far apart are the alleles for black body and vestigial wings? (Do the math!) View the proportion of flies from your data that indicate crossover occurred (VG and BL flies) and multiple it by 100. Based on your data, how far apart are these alleles?
Based on the data you provided, the alleles for black body and vestigial wings are estimated to be 1 unit apart on the chromosome map.
To determine the distance between the alleles for black body and vestigial wings on a chromosome map, we need to use the percentage of crossing over events between them. Let's assume you have conducted a genetic experiment and obtained the following data;
Proportion of flies showing crossover (VG and BL flies); X%
The distance between the alleles can be estimated using the formula;
Distance = (Percentage of crossover events / Total progeny) × 100
Let's say the percentage of crossover events between black body (BL) and vestigial wings (VG) alleles is 10%, and you obtained a total of 1,000 progeny from your experiment.
Distance = (10 / 1000) × 100 = 1 unit
Therefore, based on the data you provided, the alleles for black body and vestigial wings are estimated to be 1 unit apart on the chromosome map.
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What are some characteristics of ecotourism in Africa?
Answer:
A few of the ecotourism features are the traditional practices, encouraging interaction between visitors with the local villages to increase sale of handicraft items, the promotion of cultural dance, music as well as hiring local workers to maintain the lodge
Explain how organisms in both of the ecosystems are dependent on their environmental interactions with other living things and with nonliving factors.
Answer:
Explanation:Organisms, and populations of organisms, are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors. ... Mutually beneficial interactions, in contrast, may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival.
The organism that considered for an ecosystem that should be dependent on the environmental interactions should be explained below,
Environmental interactions:The organism and the organism population should be based on the environmental interactions along with the other living things also even with the non-living things of factors.
On the other hand, Mutually beneficial interactions should be considered as the independent where each and every organism should needed other for the survival purpose.
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Explain why only certain substrate can combine with enzymes.
Help me please
Answer:
sry i cant i too dubm need points tho
Explanation:
In which situation is light refracted?
A When light hits a wall
B When light hits a mirror
C When a light wave hits another light wave
D When light travels from air into water
Which of the following techniques would be best for observing the bacterial nucleoid? a. Scanning electron microscopy b. Dark field microscopy with fluorescently labeled DNA C. Bright field microscopy with Gram stained cells d. Fluorescence microscopy using a fluorescent DNA-staining dye 9. Justify your answer to question 8 in 1-2 sentences. In your justification, clearly explain why at least one of the incorrect answers is wrong
Fluorescence microscopy using a fluorescent DNA-staining dye would be the best technique, option (d) is correct.
Fluorescence microscopy using a fluorescent DNA-staining dye would be the best technique for observing the bacterial nucleoid. The bacterial nucleoid is the region within the bacterial cell where the genetic material, including DNA, is located. Fluorescent DNA-staining dyes, such as DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) or SYTOX, specifically bind to DNA and emit fluorescence when exposed to specific wavelengths of light.
This technique allows for specific visualization of the bacterial nucleoid within the cell. The fluorescence signal emitted by the DNA-staining dye can be detected and captured using a fluorescence microscope, enabling researchers to observe the structure and organization of the bacterial nucleoid, option (d) is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following techniques would be best for observing the bacterial nucleoid?
a. Scanning electron microscopy
b. Dark field microscopy with fluorescently labeled DNA
c. Bright field microscopy with Gram stained cells
d. Fluorescence microscopy using a fluorescent DNA-staining dye
when nonhomologous chromosomes exchange parts, a(n) _____ has occurred. mismatch reciprocal translocation inversion base exclusion closed reading frame
When nonhomologous chromosomes exchange parts, a reciprocal translocation has occurred.
What is reciprocal translocation?Reciprocal translocation refers to a chromosomal aberration where two non-homologous chromosomes swap parts, resulting in an exchange of chromosomal materials between the two chromosomes. This type of translocation is seen in a number of genetic diseases and is one of several chromosomal rearrangements that occur.
A reciprocal translocation, for example, can result in two chromosomes breaking, exchanging parts, and rejoining. While neither chromosome has lost or gained any genetic material, each chromosome has a distinct arrangement of genes. A translocation can cause abnormalities in offspring due to the effects of gene duplication or gene loss, as well as the alteration of gene regulation.
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10
What type of boundary has plates that slide past each other?
A) convergent
B
transform
C divergent
D
tension
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Transform. It like slides past eachother and transforms
.Which of the following statements is true about active transport? Group of answer choices
a. It is needed only for the transport of polar molecules.
b. The transported species can move against its concentration gradient.
c. It is exergonic.
d. It must be regulated by phosphorylation
Answer: The correct answer is b. The transported species can move against its concentration gradient.
Explanation:
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy, typically ATP. It is not limited to polar molecules and does not necessarily require phosphorylation for regulation.
The true statement about active transport is b. The transported species can move against its concentration gradient.
Active transport is a cellular process that allows the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This movement of molecules or ions against the concentration gradient requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
In contrast to passive transport processes such as diffusion or facilitated diffusion, which move substances down their concentration gradient without requiring energy, active transport allows cells to maintain concentration gradients and selectively transport molecules or ions against their concentration gradients.
Therefore, option b is the correct statement that reflects the characteristic of active transport where the transported species can move against its concentration gradient.
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What is the biggest difference when comparing a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
Answer:
Well, the primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. ... Prokaryotes, on the other hand, have no membrane-bound organelles. Another important difference is the DNA structure.
Answer:
The biggest difference between the two are that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
I need help ASAP pleaseeee
Answer:
Subscribe Single-3 FF on yt
3. Carbon can also be harmful. Describe one major way that carbon is threatening
our way of life on Earth.
HELPPP ME
Carbon can also be harmful because a large amount of carbon is increasing the warmth of the earth. Carbon dioxide gas increases, lowering the pH of the ocean by the process called acidification, which is a threat to Ocean animals.
What is carbon?Carbon is an element or a substance that is present on earth in different forms full stop carbon is present in two forms on the earth, one is black and heart solid and one is gray and soft.
Carbon reacts with another element to produce different compounds, when carbon reacts with oxygen is produced carbon dioxide which is a very harmful gas for the earth and human beings.
Thus, as greenhouse gases are increasing including carbon dioxide the main threat to life and the earth is increasing of temperature which is melting the ocean and high temperature would not be best for all creatures.
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Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and RNA.
▪ Identify the bases used in DNA and RNA and how they pair – classify
each as a purine or pyrimidine
Answer:
DNA has a double- helix structure which means it has two strands. The DNA strands are made from sugar (Deoxyribonucleic), phosphates and nitrogenous bases. There are 4 nitrogenous bases, 2 purine and 2 pyrimidine. The 2 purine bases are Adenine and Guanine. The pyrimidine bases are Thymine and Cytosine. DNA gives our genes.
RNA is a single strand unlike DNA. The strands are made from sugar (ribonucleic), phosphate and the nitrogenous bases. There are 4 nitrogenous bases 2 purine and 2 pyrimidine. The 2 purine bases are Adenine and Guanine. However, the 2 pyrimidine bases are Uracil and Cytosine. The function of RNA is to contribute to releasing proteins based on our rRNA and tRNA and mRNA. This process is known as RNA and transcription.
Explanation: