What happens to the atoms of sugar as it dissolves and then hardens to form rock candy?

Answer:

Explanation:

Synthesis

When preparing solutions in cuvettes, handle the cuvettes by the rough side and avoid touching the smooth side. Wipe the cuvette before inserting it into the spectrophotometer.

The cuvette is made of silica quartz. Therefore, care should be taken before using cuvettes. Always wear powder-free gloves when handling cuvettes. Fingerprints are the most common cause of cuvette malfunction and unreliable readings. The cuvette should always be held at the top of the cuvette to avoid damaging the bottom of the cuvette where the light enters.

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Molecular Weight - The grams of solute that are needed is 3.5 g.

What is molecular weight?

The mass of the a given molecule is its molecular mass (m), which is expressed in daltons. Because they contain various isotopes of an element, different molecules of same compound can have distinct molecular masses. According to IUPAC, the related quantity comparative molecular weight is a unitless comparison between the mass of a molecule and the truly united atomic mass unit (also called the dalton).

GIVEN:

c =  Molarity = 0.1 M

M = Molar mass = 350 g/mol

V = Volume of solution = 100 mL = 0.1 L

n = Number of moles

m = Mass of solute

C = n/v

n =0.01 moles

M=m/n

m= 3.5g

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The statement which is not correct about global environment indicator is that global grain production has grown continuously since 1950, but grain production per person has fallen sharply over that time.

Global grain output has increased since 1950 as a result of enhanced irrigation, fertilization, new variety of crops, and other advancements. Global grain production has dropped, but, per person. The increase in the human population is to blame for this. The distribution of enough food per capita declines as the amount of habitats rises.

Therefore, despite a reasonably consistent increase in global grain production since 1950, grain production per person has fallen sharply throughout that time. However, this does not indicate the global environment as do the other options.

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The complete question is:

Which statement regarding a global environmental indicator is NOT correct? (a) Concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been rising quite steadily since the Industrial Revolution. (b) World grain production has increased fairly steadily since 1950, but worldwide production of grain per capita has decreased dramatically over the same period. (c) For the past 130 years, average global surface temperatures have shown an overall increase that seems likely to continue. (d) World population is expected to be between 8 billion and 10 billion by 2050.

The compounds in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy are KF < CaO < MgO < Al2O3.

When ions in the gаseous phаse form а solid ionic compound, it releаses energy which defines the bond strength of thаt ionic compound. This strength, which cаn be estimаted using the Born-Hаber cycle, is cаlled the lаttice energy. Generаlly, it is influenced by fаctors such аs the rаdius аnd the chаrge of the ions, аnd it helps chаrаcterize the properties of the compound such аs its hаrdness, volаtility, аnd solubility.

Lattice energy is determined by the charge on the atoms making up the lattice and by the atomic radii of those atoms.

Thus, in order of increasing lattice energy, we have KF < CaO < MgO < Al2O3.

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61.62 g of precipitate of AgCl is formed after the reaction is complete

As we know the formula :

M = n / V

where

M = Molarity

n= no of moles

V = volume ( in litres)

Concentration of NaCl = 1.527 M = 1.527 mol/L

Volume of NaCl solution = 97.19 ml = 97.19 /1000

= 0.09719 L

Number of moles of NaCl

= 1.527 mol/L × 0.09719 L

= 0.148 mol

Concentration of Ag2SO4 = 1.923M = 1.923 mol/L

Volume of Ag2SO4 solution = 111.84 ml = 111.84/1000

= 0.11184 L

Number of moles of Ag2SO4

= 1.923 mol/L × 0.11184 L

= 0.215 mol

Balanced equation:

Ag2SO4 (aq) + 2 NaCl (aq) -->2 AgCl (s) [precipitate] + Na2SO4 (aq)

1 mol of Ag2SO4 reacts with 2 moles of NaCl produces 2 moles of AgCl,

then 0.215 mols of Ag2SO4 will react with 2 × 0.215 moles = 0.43 moles of NaCl will produce 0.43 moles of AgCl

Molar mass of AgCl = 143.32 g/mol

Mass of precipitate formed = no of moles× molar mass

= 0.43 mol × 143.32 g/mol = 61.62 g

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The statement that best completes the sentence "whether a substance is a gas, liquid, or solid is dependent on the natural attractive forces between molecules and" is: the kinetic energy of the molecules;

Hence, the correct option is D.

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction that exist between molecules of the same substance that enable the substance to exist in different states of matter.

The stronger the intermolecular forces between the molecules of a substance, the more ordered the particles of the substance will be.

Hence, solids have the strongest intermolecular forces whereas gases have the weakest intermolecular forces.

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Answer:

4

Explanation:

Having the coefficient 4 in front of HCl and the coefficient 2 in front of H₂O balances out the equation.

Lithium becomes Li+ by losing 1 electron and chlorine becomes Cl− by accepting electrons. Therefore it ionic compound, LiCl is formed.

Lithium belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table which means that Lithium has one electron in its valence shell and this electron is located in the 2s orbital. The single electron is represented as dot around the Lithium symbol.

The ionic bond formation of lithium chloride involves transfer of electrons from lithium to chlorine and forming, Li+ and Cl− in LiCl.

A bond between metal and nonmetal is said to be ionic in nature or is said that it has high ionic character. Therefore, we can say that  LiCl bond is an ionic bond.

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An atom of Fluorine  element has the strongest attraction for the electrons in a bond.

One of the most important properties of electrons is their mutual Coulomb repulsion. As electrons are negatively charged species we know that they will be attracted to the nucleus. We know that these electrons moved in their fixed energy levels called as the orvbitals ,which in turn decides the size of an atom as well.

In the periodic table as we move from left to right in the periodic table we see that the even though the number of electrons are increasing, but the size of the atoms will decrease. This happens because for each atom when the upcoming electrons are added they get added to the same shell . Due to this the nucleus will attract these electrons towards itself.

This is the main reason why from left to right in the periodic table the size of the atoms decreases, so it means smaller the size greater will the attraction faced by the electrons . Since Fluorine is the element present on the right most corner of the periodic table, it has the strongest attraction faced due to its smaller size.

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Many factors make it extremely difficult to analyze patterns in terrorism. Simply said, there is a severe paucity of comparable and trustworthy data, and there is a tendency to compartmentalize analyses to address specific threats, countries, and regions. When the analysis tries to address topics as sensitive as the connections between Islam and terrorism, the issue becomes even worse.

Nearly all of the governments of the engaged nations are actively battling  terrorism, and the majority are allies of Western nations who collaborate closely with the security, armed forces, and anti-terrorist organizations of non-Muslim nations.

Muslims around the world differ greatly not just in terms of their religious beliefs but also in terms of their political and societal philosophies, including how they perceive the government, the law, and human rights; what they believe should be taught in schools; and whether or not they are violent.

Thus, global terrorism has affected the Islam as a religion in the eye of world.

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(NH4)2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 → BaSO4 + 2NH4NO3 is  net ionic balanced equations for the reaction that occurs

To balance chemical equations, stoichiometric coefficients for the reactants and products are required. This is important because a chemical equation must follow the rules of conservation of mass and constant proportions, which dictate that the same number of atoms of each element must be avail on two of the reactant and product sides of the equation.

Chemical equations use the relevant chemical formulae to symbolically express the reactants and products of a chemical process. To the left of the sign "," and to the right of the arrow symbol, respectively, is the part of the chemical equation that is on the reactant side.

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The heat of fusion for water is 79.7 J/g. This can be determined by using the specific heat capacity of water and solving for the heat of fusion.

What is fusion?
Fusion is the process of two atoms coming together to form a heavier atom, including when two hydrogen atoms combine to form a single helium atom. The sun is powered by this process, which produces vast amounts of energy—many times more than fission. Additionally, no radioactive fission products are produced. The extreme temperature and pressure needed to fuse the nuclei together are being studied by scientists, but they are difficult to sustain for long periods of time.

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Answer: Photon

Explanation:

The electron can reach its ground state level either with one direct jump or with shorter jumps via intermediate levels. If an excited electron emits a photon, the energy hf of that photon equals the energy difference between the initial energy level of the electron and a lower level.

The statement which best explains the importance of the blank spaces in Mendeleev’s version of the periodic table of elements is that they predicted the existence of elements that had not yet been discovered.

This is referred to as the tabular arrangement of elements into groups and periods based on their common properties and features. There are 18 groups and seven periods in which elements are grouped under.

Mendeleev intentionally left blank spaces in his working version of the periodic table of elements because he predicted the existence of elements that had not yet been discovered.

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0.30 ev is the energy of the second excited rotational state above the ground state .

What is energy ?

In physical, energy are quantitative properties given to a body or physical system, perceivable in the form of work performance and heat and light. Energy is Conserved - The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed into form, but cannot be created or destroyed. The unit of measure for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J).

Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (due to its position in the field, etc.), the elastic energy stored by a fixed object, chemical energy, the energy associated with a chemical reaction, Includes radiation. is the energy transported by electromagnetic radiation and is the internal energy involved in a thermodynamic system. All living things absorb and emit energy all the time. Due to the equivalence of mass and energy, an object that has mass when it is at rest (called rest mass) has an equivalent amount of energy with a shape called rest energy plus an additional amount given to the object above that rest energy. It also has energy (in any form). Increases the object's total mass and increases its total energy.

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41.788 mg of sample contains 100 mg, remains after 2000 years when the half-life of radium-226 is 1590 years.

Radium is a radioactive element. All radioactive elements are first order reactions with half-life constants.

For first-order reactions, the half-life is inversely proportional to the rate constant. The formula is:

for first-order reaction

[tex]t_{1/2} = \frac{ln2}{k} \\k = \frac{ln2}{t_{1/2}} \\\\k= \frac{0.693}{1590} \\\\\\k= 0.000436 years[/tex]

Radioactive decay period is:

t = 2.303 × log(a/a-x)/k

Where,

t ⇒ Decay time of radioactive element.

a ⇒ initial amount

a-x ⇒ remainder after t time

k ⇒ rate constant

put the value in formula

t = 2.303 × log(a/a-x)/k

2000 = 2.303 * log(100 / a-x) / 0.000436, so,

log(100 / a-x) = 2000 * 0.000436 / 2.303

                   =0.379

100 / a - x = log 0.379

100/a-x=2.393

a - x = 100 / 2.393

a - x = 41.788 mg

So after 2000 years,  41.788 mg of radium-226 will remain

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the molarity of "acidity" in the vinegar is 0.00386 .

What is molarity ?

Molarity (also called molarity, bulk concentration, or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, especially a solute, in solution, expressed as the amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit of molarity is moles per liter, symbolized in SI units as mol/L or mol/dm3. A solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L is called 1 molar, commonly called 1 M.

Molarity or molarity is most commonly expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution. For broader use, it is defined as the amount of solute material per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to a species, and is expressed in lower case.

this %mass means:

basis --> 100 g of solution, then 5 g are vinegar

assume d = 1 g/ml then we have V = 100 ml of solution

m = 5 g of Acetic acid

MW of acteic Acid = 60

mole = mass/MW = 5/60 = 0.08333 mol of acetic acid

By definition

M = mol/V = 0.0833/0.1 = 0.8333 M of Acetic acid

Ka = 1.8*10^-5

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

1.8*10^-5 = (x)(x) / (0.8333-x)

x = [h+]

solve for H+

[h+] = 0.00386

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The penny must have changed its color because an oxidation reaction. When we heat some metals, the trnasform into oxides, for exxample Zinc oxide ZnO or CuO.

Moreover, his compounds are colored molecules mostly brown or black colored compounds. First at all when we put the pennies into a acetic acid solution, a redox reaction wiil happen. The acetate is an oxidant  and it will react with the Cu, Zn and Sn to reduce them. for example, if we have ZnSO4 in the plate and it will be heated, the Zn will suffer a redox reaction and will form Zn0. a metalic form. that´s why the color changes.

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No, the experimental mole ratio is exactly the same as the theoretical mole ratio.

A mole ratio is a ratio among the amounts in moles of any compounds worried in a balanced chemical reaction. The stability chemical equation affords a comparison of the ratios of the molecules necessary to finish the response.

The mole ratio is the proportion of the theoretical mole ratio, of moles of any two chemical entities concerned in a compound or a chemical reaction. studying the mole ratio is crucial to calculate the reaction yield, determining the stoichiometry, and screening the response kinetics.

The ratio of moles of 1 substance to the moles of another substance in a balanced equation. To decide the mole ratio between  materials, all you want to do is examine the balanced equation for the coefficients in the front of the materials you are interested in

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The anion name for telluric acid is TeO₃²⁻ is tellurite ion

Anion are ion that are negatively charged and ion are charged atom or molecule and if a balanced atom loses one or more electron and it will become positively charged cation and if balanced atom gain one or more electron it will become  negatively charged anion and in the telluric acid means H₆O₆Te and the anion are formed TeO₃²⁻ is called as tellurite ion and telluric acid as tellurium source in the synthesis of oxidation catalyst

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Heat is the flow of energy caused by a temperature difference

Heat is the energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temprature and if two bodies at different temprature are brought together energy is transferred that is heat flow from the hotter body to the colder and heat is the transfer of thermal energy caused by a differences in temprature and this temprature difference  is also called a temprature gradient and since heat is a movement of energy and it is measured in the same unit as energy in the joules

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The Calvin cycle is the regeneration of RuBP.

For the technology of one carbon dioxide molecule from the pathway, six carbon molecules are required, so six turns of the cycle are required for the regeneration of 1 molecule of RuBP one ATP is required and for the technology of six molecules of RuBP, six ATP molecules are required. A G3P molecule carries three constant carbon atoms so it takes two G3Ps to construct a six-carbon glucose molecule.  

Due to the fact the carbohydrate molecule has six carbon atoms, it takes six turns of the Calvin cycle to make one carbohydrate molecule. Six turns of the Calvin cycle are required to generate one mole of glucose. A molecule of glucose is made up of six carbon molecules. consequently, six turns will be required for the synthesis of 1 molecule of glucose by way of the Calvin cycle.

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The product of the fully balanced chemical equation is single bond compound.

Hydrogenation reactions include the reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen to form product depending on the choice of catalyst.

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that provides hydrogen to a molecule. Hydrogenation is not thermodynamically favorable at regular temperatures, so a catalyst is needed. Normally this catalyst is a metal. Examples of hydrogenated products consist of margarine, mineral turpentine, and aniline.

An example of an alkene addition response is a technique called hydrogenation. In a hydrogenation reaction, two hydrogen atoms are brought across the double bond of an alkene, ensuing in a saturated alkane.

Hydrogenation is used to solidify, preserve or purify many products, raw materials, or ingredients. Ammonia, fuels (hydrocarbons), alcohols, pharmaceuticals, margarine, polyols, numerous polymers and chemicals are products dealt with using a hydrogenation manner.

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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete uestion.

predict the product(s) and provide a fully balanced chemical equation for each of the following hydrogenation reactions:

The lowest-energy distribution of electrons in the sublevels for an atom of a particular element is called the ground state.

When an atom, molecule, or ion and its electrons are at their lowest potential energy level, they are said to be in the ground state. They are said to be thrilled if their energy level is higher. Excited electrons are those with energies greater than their ground state. When many quantum mechanical states are present at the same energy, these levels are known as degenerate energy levels.

An electron orbit around an atom's nucleus is referred to as an electron shell or energy level in chemistry. This atomic model by Bohr states that the electrons follow a circular path around the nucleus known as an orbit.

The "K shell" is the shell that is closest to the nucleus; it is followed by the "L shell," the "M shell," and so forth as one moves farther from the nucleus. Quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) or alphabets (K, L, M,...) can be used to represent the shells.

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When determining the mass of an atom, scientists disregard electrons is because they are 2000 times smaller than protons and neutrons. They are meaningless in terms of mass.

What is atomic mass?

The ideal definition of atomic mass is 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom in its ground state. The total mass of protons and neutrons, which is almost equal to the atomic mass, can be used to account for the mass of an atom. The loss of binding energy mass is what caused this minor alteration.

1 amu = 1.66 ×10−24 g

When divided by unified atomic weight or Daltons, the atomic weight of an atom is a dimensionless number.

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Mass of calcium hydroxide is formed when 10g of calcium oxide reacts with 10g of water is 13.024 gram

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object.

Here given data is

Calcium oxide =  10g

Water = 10g

We have to calculate mass of calcium hydroxide = ?

The reaction is

CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂

1 mole of CaO reacted with 1 mole of H₂O to form 1 mole of Ca(OH)₂

Moles = mass/molar mass

Mole of CaO = 10g/56g/mol = 0.179 mole

Mole of H₂O = 10g/18g/mol = 0.556 mole

CaO is the limiting reagent therefore by using of mole ratio of CaO : Ca(OH)₂ is 1 : 1 mole of Ca(OH)₂ = 0.179 mole

Mass = mole × molar mass

Mass = 0.176 × 74g/mol

Mass = 13.024 gram

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The mass of glucose required here is  4068 grams, we get this freezing point depression.

Freezing point depression generally refers to the lowering of the freezing point of solvent upon the addition of solutes.

It is a colligative property of the solutions that is generally proportional to the molality of solute that is added. The depression in the freezing point of a solution can be described by the following formula;

Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = [tex]K_{f}[/tex] × molality × i

4.2[tex]^{o}C[/tex] = 1.86 × m × 1

m = 2.26

molality = moles of solute

                mass of solvent

2.26m = mole of solute

                10.0Kg

mole of solute = 22.6mol

mole of glucose = mass of glucose

                              molar mass

22.6 = mass of glucose  

                180

Mass of glucose = 22.6 × 180

Mass of glucose = 4068 grams

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The molar concentration of a 600 mL solution that contains 250 grams of iron (II) chloride would be 3.28 M.

The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in the solution relative to the volume of the solution. The concentration of solutions can be expressed in different forms. These include:

The molar concentration of a solution refers to the number of moles of solutes per liter of the solution. The mass concentration, on the other hand, refers to the mass of solutes in a solution per liter of the solution.

In this case, we want to find the molar concentration of the iron (II) chloride solution.

The molar mass of the compound is 126.75 g/mol.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

Mole of 250 grams iron (II) chloride = 250/126.75

                                                           = 1.97 moles

Volume of the solution = 600 mL

                                       = 600/1000 liter

                                        = 0.60 liter

Molar concentration of the solution = 1.97/0.60

                                                           = 3.28 mol/liter

In other words, the concentration of the solution is 3.28 M.

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