Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in mature RBCs. The endoplasmic reticulum is not found in red blood cells, or spermatozoa.
In adult RBCs, the endoplasmic reticulum is missing. The outer nuclear membrane and the ER's walls are one and the same. Spermatogenesis and red blood cells do not contain the endoplasmic reticulum. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), an organelle with a continuous membrane found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and necessary for protein synthesis, is a network of linked flattened sacs. Both plant and animal cells contain both rough and smooth ER. Mammalian mature red blood cells circulate in the body for roughly 100–120 days before being eliminated by the spleen. At erythropoiesis phase three, it starts to lose mitochondria. The absence of the endosome promotes RBC formation by increasing the surface-to-volume ratio.
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How does the body respond to a tissue injury?
Answer:
the body initiates a chemical signaling cascade that stimulates responses aimed at healing affected tissues
Explanation:
In response to tissue injury, the body initiates a chemical signaling cascade that stimulates responses aimed at healing affected tissues. These signals activate leukocyte chemotaxis from the general circulation to sites of damage. These activated leukocytes produce cytokines that induce inflammatory responses [7].
Why is mercury used in capillary tube?
Mercury is used in the capillary tube because it has a higher cohesive force compared to the adhesive forces.
Higher cohesive forces of mercury result in the greater attraction towards its own molecules rather than the walls of the capillary tubes. The walls of the capillary tubes are not wet by the presence of mercury as it shows capillary depression. Since mercury does not wet the walls of the capillary tubes, the phenomenon of capillarity does not occur. Capillary action is observed when the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces. The higher cohesive forces are present in mercury which explains the the angle of contact between glass & mercury is more than 90∘
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The enormous gains in crop yields brought about by green revolution technologies may soon stop because green revolution technologies are degrading the quality of soil that they use
a. True
b. False
Your anwser is True
I took the quiz and have a wonderful Christmas!
Muscle fiber contraction occurs via the generation and transmission of: Select one: a. Excitation-Contraction Coupling b. Action Potentials c. Power Strokes d. Twitch Fibers
Option B is the right answer. Muscle fiber contraction occurs via the generation and transmission of: Action potential.
The phrase "excitation-contraction coupling" (ECC), first used by Alexander Sandow in 1952, refers to the quick exchange of electrical information between electrical events happening in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibres and Ca2+ release from the SR, which causes contraction. When a muscle fibre or set of fibres receives a signal from the brain via nerves to activate and increase tension inside the muscle, muscular contraction takes place. Activation of muscle fibres is another name for it. Three distinct muscle types make up your body, and there are three ways in which they might contract. The neuromuscular junction, which is the synapse between a motoneuron and a muscle fibre, is where skeletal muscle contraction starts.
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Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition
Illegitimate power that is achieved by force or the threat of force.
Answer: the answer is c
Explanation:
Which of these is a benefit of naturally occurring forest fires?
Answer: C
Explanation: In northern Canada, a population of rabbits was predominantly white in color. The allele for white color is recessive, while the allele for gray color is dominant. Over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of this area has increased, and the long-term deposits of ice and snow have become scarce. We see the result of this change in the graph above.
How can we explain this change in terms of allelic frequency?
Responses
Do tattoos affect your blood?
Incorporating ink, metal, or any other foreign material through tattoos into your body weakens your immune system and exposes you to potentially dangerous viruses. This can have an impact on what's in your bloodstream.
Innate immune responses are general responses to foreign substances. So getting a new tattoo causes your immune system to release white blood cells called macrophages to eat intruders and sacrifice themselves in order to protect you from infection. Your body also initiates what immunologists refer to as adaptive responses.
When you get a tattoo, a group of white blood cells called macrophages encircles the pigment particles. The pigment is released as these immune cells die, only to be taken in by the following generation.
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31 studen. JUDMH T. Salinas 22. Date Section Laboratory Report 31 Antimicrobic Sensitivity Testing: The Kirby-Bauer Method A. Results 1. List the antimicrobials that were used for each organism. After measuring and recording the zone diam eters in millimeters for each antimicrobial, consult table 31.2 for interpretation of its sensitivity. Recor the degrees of sensitivity (R. 1. or S) in the rating column. Exchange data with other class members 1 complete the entire chart. ANTIMICROBIAL ZONE DIA. RATING (R, I, S) ANTIMICROBIAL ZONE DIA RATING (R, I, S) S. epidermidis Smarcoscens P. Nuorescens 8
In the Kirby-Bauer test, bacteria are spread out over a solid growth media plate, and then antibiotic wafers (seen as white disks) are added to the plate.
What is Kirby Bauer Test?Areas of clear media surrounding the disks show that the antibiotic prevents bacterial growth after allowing the germs to develop overnight. As you get further from the source, less antibiotic is diffused into the media at a given concentration.
Therefore, the size of the clear bacterium-free zone that develops around the disk holding the antibiotic increases with the sensitivity of the bacteria to a certain antibiotic. (Commons; accessed through Wikipedia)
The antibiotic discs are layered on top of the bacterium that has been swabbed onto the agar. The further the antibiotic travels from the disc into the agar, the less it diffuses.
Therefore, In the Kirby-Bauer test, bacteria are spread out over a solid growth media plate, and then antibiotic wafers (seen as white disks) are added to the plate.
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Can you feel glaucoma?
In the event that you do experience any symptoms, they may include blurred vision or the perception of rainbow-colored circles surrounding bright lights.
Can you feel the glaucoma pressure?The optic nerve is harmed as a result of elevated intraocular pressure brought on by clogged drainage canals in the eye. Unfortunately, unless your eye pressure is checked by an eye doctor, you cannot feel or know if it is elevated. As a result, a large number of people have glaucoma without realizing it.
How do glaucomatous eyes make you feel?Your eye hurts and is red. It might indicate acute narrow-angle glaucoma, inflammation, infection, or other serious eye conditions. Usually, both eyes are affected, though sometimes one eye may be more severely affected. Rarely, sudden development of glaucoma can result in severe eye pain.
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Which would be a good source to find weather information about your town from last month?
A old copies of local newspapers
B reference book about weather
C a magazine with weather articles
(option B) reference book about weather would be a good source to find weather information about your town from last month.
what is weather?Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere and includes terms like how hot or cold, wet or dry, quiet or stormy, clear or foggy, etc.
what is information?Information is a general term for everything with the capacity to inform. Information is most fundamentally concerned with the interpretation of what may be sensed. which can also be the condition of the atmosphere, including its temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover, is referred to as the weather. It is distinct from climate, which is the average of all weather events for a certain place over around 30 years.
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With biochemical evidence we know that all living things use the same what?
Answer:
With biochemical evidence, we know that all living things use the same basic molecules and processes to sustain life. These molecules and processes include DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and a variety of enzymes and metabolic pathways that allow cells to grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment. These common features of life are thought to have evolved over time through a process known as evolution, which has resulted in the diversity of life we see on Earth today.
In the heart the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the.
Answer:
By a muscular wall that prevents blood without oxygen from mixing with the blood that has oxygen.
Explanation:
hope this helps
Gene Expression with Gene Expression 1- Concept Map Name Transcription Akaryotes mature MANA coding strand Decons E cap FMANA G prokaryotes H poly At template strand Sliceosome Kintrons LRNA polymerase carried out by the en ryme 12. 1. ready to be used in wynthesizes 2. unders processing in copies the information in the by adding to the 5 enda 6. 11. using complementary base pairing and the andato the end 7. results in and by the action of the connects 8. removes 10
It looks like you have provided a concept map with a list of terms related to gene expression.
What is gene expression?Gene expression refers to the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to produce a functional product, such as a protein.
In prokaryotes (bacteria), transcription is the process by which the information in a gene is copied into RNA. This is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The template strand of the DNA, which carries the information for the gene, is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule. The resulting RNA molecule is called messenger RNA (mRNA).
In eukaryotes (organisms with a true nucleus, such as plants and animals), transcription is a more complex process. The DNA is first transcribed into a primary transcript called pre-mRNA. The pre-mRNA then undergoes a series of processing steps, including splicing, to remove non-coding segments called introns. The resulting mature mRNA is then ready to be used in protein synthesis.
Transcription is regulated at various levels, including at the level of transcription initiation, elongation, and termination. Transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, play a key role in regulating transcription.
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What is the purpose in save the coral reefs?
Coral reefs act as a buffer, protecting shorelines and coastal communities from the impact of big waves, storms, and hurricanes as they make landfall. When coral dies, there is a ripple effect that disrupts the marine life that lives on, in, or around it.
Living corals make a skeleton underneath themselves, which they leave behind as they grow toward sunlight, creating habitats for marine organisms, like sponges, clams, and snails. These smaller organisms attract bigger fish looking for food and this turns fall prey to even bigger fish and marine mammals.
As a valuable source of nitrogen and other essential nutrients, corals support entire marine food chains, which depend on them for survival.
They also absorb and store harmful pollutants, such as carbon and trees remove CO2 emissions from the atmosphere. This process controls carbon levels in the waters around reef systems and provides an environment for microorganisms to thrive.
At last, corals recycle matter and nutrients from broken-down elements, generating new life from old in a process that self-perpetuates the reef’s ecosystem.
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To safeguard and recover coral reefs around the world from the impacts of climate change and other human activity.
Coral reefs support ocean biodiversity and offer significant economic, social, recreational, and cultural advantages. They are present in more than 100 countries and territories worldwide. With the exception of microorganisms and fungus, over 800 different species of reef-building corals provide habitats for an estimated 32% of all marine species that have been recognised; 91% of marine species are yet undiscovered. Environments with tropical reefs are home to 37% of fish. According to recent estimates, there are more than 800,000 different species of coral reef, almost 90% of which have no names.
Given coral reefs only occupy roughly 285,000 km2, or less than 0.1% of the ocean's surface area, this degree of diversity is very astonishing. Symbiotic connections among species, developed over millions of years, are also abundant in coral reefs.
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Precision Plue Protein Kaleidoscope Prestained Standards Molecular Weight (KD) Distance Migrated (mm) 37 23 25 30 20 35 15 42 51.5 10 Distance Migrated (mm) vs. Precision Plue Protein Kaleidoscope Prestained Standards Molecular Weight (kD) 40 30 Precision Plue Protein Kaleidoscope Prestained Standards Molecular Weight 20 10 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance Migrated (mm) STUDENT MANUAL POST-LAB ACTIVITY Procedures Generate a standard curve to calculate protein sizes The different protein bands in your gel can be defined by their different molecular masses. Indeed many proteins are named for their molecular weights. For example p53, a protein implicated in tumor progression is 53 KD in size. To determine the molecular masses of the proteins, a standard curve is created plotting the known molecular masses of the proteins in the Precision Plus Protein Kaleidoscope prestained standards against the distance they have migrated down the gel from the base of the well. A 15% polyacrylamide gel is designed to separate small proteins-proteins less than 40 KD. Your gel analysis will concentrate on this size range. Note: If a different percentage acrylamide gel or an agarose gel has been run, analyze the section of the gel that has the best separation 1. As shown in the figure below draw a line between the 37 and 25 KD bands of the prestained standards. Your gel analysis will be restricted to the proteins below this line. Stenders Actin & Myosin 4 Measure distance from base of wells to the base of the bands 250 150 100 75 50 37 25 20 Measure Standard bands between 37 and 10 kD 15 Measure fish protein bands between 30 and 10 KD 10 - Fig. 18. Image of fish muscle proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and stained with Bio-Safe Coomassie stain. Lines illustrate measurement of bands for constructing the standard curve. STUDENT MANUAL POST-LAB ACTIVITY Define the characteristics (proteins) of the different fish 4. For each fish sample that has been analyzed, determine the molecular masses of the proteins below the 25-37 KD line. Measure the distance each band has migrated from the base of its well. Find that distance on the x-axis of the standard curve. Draw a line up from the x-axis to the curve. Read across to the y-axis to determine the molecular mass. Alternatively, use graphing software to generate the standard curve. Make a line of best fit (or trend line) through the points and formulate an equation to calculate the mass of the unknown proteins on the gel. 5. Enter this data into a table with the molecular masses of the proteins for each fish (see example below). Fish Species A Distance Molecular Migrated Mass (mm) (KD) 25 32.5 26.5 31 29 28.6 36 21.7 21.2 36.5 39 18.8 44 13.9 52 6 Determine which fish have each characteristic (protein) 6. Make a table with a row for every band size you have recorded for all your fish samples and a column for each type of fish on your gel. Then make a mark in each cell of the table where the fish has that size band (see example below). -LAB ACTIVITY ENT MANUAL Species A Species B Species c Species D Species E х X х х X х X х X х 27.5 X х х х X х X X X X 33 X х х X X х х X х Characteristic х Protein Distance Molecular Migrated Mass (mm) (kDa) 25 32.5 26 31.5 26.5 31.0 30.0 28.5 29.1 29 28.6 30 27.6 30.5 27.1 32 25.6 24.7 34.5 23.2 35.5 22.2 36 21.7 36.5 21.2 37 20.7 37.5 20.2 38 19.7 38.5 19.3 39 18.8 39.5 18.3 40.5 17.3 41 16.8 41.5 16.3 42 15.8 43 14.8 44 13.9 45 12.9 46 11.9 46.5 11.4 47 10.9 47.5 10.4 51.5 6.5 52 COUNT х х X X X х х х X х х х х х х х X х X X х X 6.0 х 8 10 13 10 12 Find the number of characteristics shared by each of the fish 7. In the table below both the row and column headings are the types of fish. From the table above, separately compare the number of bands (X's) in common with every other fish sample from your gel and put those numbers into the table below, such that each fish is individually compared with every other fish. In this example, species A and B have just 2 bands in common while species B and C have 10 bands in common. Your table will be the basis for drawing your cladogram. Species A Species B Species c Species D Species E Species A 8 2 2 2 Species B 10 10 5 3 Species C 13 5 Species D 2 Species E
Precision Plue Protein Kaleidoscope Prestained Standards Molecular Weight (KD) Distance Migrated (mm).
What is the process of procdures generation?Procedures Generate a standard curve to calculate protein sizes The different protein bands in your gel can be defined by their different molecular masses. Indeed many proteins are named for their molecular weights. For example p53, a protein implicated in tumor progression is 53 KD in size.
To determine the molecular masses of the proteins, a standard curve is created plotting the known molecular masses of the proteins in the Precision Plus Protein Kaleidoscope prestained standards against the distance they have migrated down the gel from the base of the well.
Therefore, Precision Plue Protein Kaleidoscope Prestained Standards Molecular Weight (KD) Distance Migrated (mm).
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Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT
answer choices
bitter
sweet
salty
spicy
sour
Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities except spicy. In point of fact, spice is not a taste at all; rather, it's a way to cope with pain.
Gustation is the distinctive sensation that the tongue has. On the surface of the tongue, there are various structures known as papillae that are raised bumps. The papillae contain tastebuds with gustatory receptor cells that are sensitive to food chemicals. Actually, spiciness is not a taste at all; rather, it is a response to pain. The food's synthetic substances, similar to capsaicin, animate free sensitive spots in the mouth, causing a heat sensation like how the filaments would identify torment.
The tastes of salt, umami, and sweetness are independently recognized by the gustatory receptors in the taste buds.
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This diagram shows the bone of an arm. Name bone C.
Answer: we dont have the diagram buddy -_-
Explanation:
What is an example of a risk control method used in a workplace?
Examples of engineering risk control measures could be installing a physical safety guard between the moving parts of a machine and the operator, or it could be installing safety cut-offs to allow fast shutdown in the case of imminent accident or injury.
Discovering, evaluating, and prioritizing risks is part of risk management. This is done to reduce, monitor, and control the likelihood or impact of unfavorable events or to maximize the realization of possibilities (defined by ISO 31000 as the influence of uncertainty on objectives). Instability in international markets, threats from project failures (at any stage of design, development, production, or maintenance of life cycles), legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters, deliberate attack from an adversary, events with ambiguous or unpredictable root causes are just a few examples of the many different kinds of risks that can happen.
The complete question is:
What is an example of a risk control method used in a workplace?
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Engineering controls
4. Administrative controls
5. Persona
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Label the specific bony features of the superior skull. Skull Occipital bone Sutural bone DONE FEATURES Sagittal suture Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lambdoid suture Superior view Reset Zoom
The 22 bones of the human skull (or 29, if you count the hyoid bone and inner ear bones) are usually joined together by ossified joints, often known as sutures.
What is Skull?The face skeleton and braincase (neurocranium) are separated by the skull (viscerocranium). Its principal responsibility is to safeguard the brain, the body's most vital organ.
Except for the foramen magnum and other foramina at the base of the skull, which serve as entry and exit points for blood vessels and cranial nerves, the neurocranium nearly completely encloses the brain.
The cerebrum's occipital lobes are located beneath the occipital bone. The foramen magnum, a sizable oval aperture in the occipital bone at the base of the skull that facilitates the passage of the spinal cord, is located there.
Therefore, The 22 bones of the human skull (or 29, if you count the hyoid bone and inner ear bones) are usually joined together by ossified joints, often known as sutures.
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What causes a point mutation and give an example?
A point mutation occurs when a single nitrogenous base is substituted, deleted, or inserted in a single base pair of DNA. Sickle cell anaemia is an example of a point mutation.
A point mutation is a genetic mutation that occurs when a single nucleotide base in an organism's genome is changed, inserted, or deleted. Point mutations have a variety of effects on the downstream protein product, with moderately predictable consequences based on the specifics of the mutation. In terms of protein production, composition, and function, these consequences can range from having no effect (e.g., synonymous mutations) to having a negative effect (e.g., frameshift mutations).
Transitions occur when a purine base is replaced with another purine or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine. Transversions occur when a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa. Missense mutations result in the production of a different amino acid. A missense mutation, also known as a non-synonymous change, alters a codon to produce a different protein.
The term point mutation is sometimes used to describe insertions or deletions of a single base pair (which has a greater negative effect on the synthesised protein because the nucleotides are still read in triplets, but in different frames: a mutation known as a frameshift mutation).
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bones are somewhat flexible due to ________.
As the name suggests, cartilage, a robust but relatively flexible kind of connective tissue, connects the neighbouring bones at a cartilaginous joint.
A synchondrosis, which means "connected by cartilage," is a cartilaginous junction where bone and hyaline cartilage are bonded or fused together. Both permanent and transitory synchondroses are possible. The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of a developing long bone is a transient synchondrosis. The area of developing hyaline cartilage that connects the diaphysis (shaft) of a long bone to the epiphysis is known as the epiphyseal plate (end of the bone). The epiphyseal plate cartilage expands and is replaced by bone during bone lengthening, increasing the diaphysis (see section 6.4). During the formative years of childhood, the rates of cartilage growth and bone formation are equal and thus the epiphyseal plate does not change in overall thickness as the bone lengthens.
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What is Stage 1 of the Calvin cycle called?
Answer: Carbon fixation or just fixation might be listed on the answer log depending on who generated the test.
Good Luck!
Which statement describes how maps represent Earth’s surface?
They have a three-dimensional surface.
They use symbols to represent land features.
They all use the same scale to show distance.
They accurately represent the relative shape of Earth.
The usage of symbols to represent geographical features on maps is the best way to convey how they depict the surface of the Earth.
The topography of the Earth's surface is referred to as topography in geography. In order to depict these elements graphically, a topographic map is used.
A topographic map is an exact and thorough two-dimensional graphic description, representation, or record of both natural and artificial (man-made) features on the Earth's surface. Contour lines on a topographic map are used to depict points with the same elevation above sea level, such as mountains, hills, plains, and valleys.
Through the use of contour lines, the two-dimensional topographic map model graphically depicts the height of a mount and the steepness of a slope.
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Answer:
Your answer is C
Explanation:
Which cells are diploid in meiosis?
A diploid parent cell, or one that has two copies of each chromosome, is the starting point of meiosis. After one round of DNA replication, the parent cell goes through two distinct cycles of nuclear division.
What cells go through meiosis as diploid and haploid?To put it another way, meiosis, or cell division, is the process that converts a diploid (a cell with two sets of chromosomes) into a haploid (a cell with one set of chromosomes) cell in humans. Sperm and eggs are the haploid cells produced during meiosis in humans.
Are cells in meiosis 1 diploid?Because the homologous chromosomes are still contained within the same cell membrane throughout meiosis I, the cell is diploid. Only during the initial cytokinesis, when the meiosis I daughter cells have completely split,
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___ takes place when a hot body of magma intrudes into the cold, upper part of the
crust.
Metamorphism takes place when a hot body of magma intrudes into the cold, upper part of the crust.
What do you mean by metamorphism?Metamorphism is a process that changes preexisting rocks into new forms because of increases in temperature, pressure, and chemically active fluids. Metamorphism may affect igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors.
Most metamorphic rocks occur in fold mountain belts or cratonic areas. Such rocks cover large areas of the Earth's crust and are therefore termed regional metamorphic rocks.
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which statement describes the relationsip between the reactants of photosynthesis and the products of cellular respiration
The statement that describes the relationship between the reactants of photosynthesis and the products of cellular respiration is as follows: The products of cellular respiration serve as the reactants of photosynthesis (option B).
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process whereby green plants synthesize their own food (sugar) in the presence of sunlight.
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil respectively. Glucose sugar is produced in the chloroplast of the cell.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells obtain chemical energy by the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
Based on the above explanation, it can be said that photosynthesis combines water and carbondioxide as reactants to form glucose and oxygen as products.
On the other hand, cellular respiration combines glucose and oxygen as reactants to form carbondioxide and water as products.
Therefore, cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite of one another.
The options to the incomplete question are as follows:
A. The products of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis.
B. The products of cellular respiration serve as the reactants of photosynthesis.
C. The reactants of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.
D. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are unrelated
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anabaena is a cyanobacterium with two types of cells. one type of cell can carry out photosynthesis and the other type can carry out nitrogen fixation. however, the oxygen produced by photosynthesis inhibits the enzymes for nitrogen fixation. which structural characteristic allows the nitrogen-fixing cells to continue to function?
The nitrogen-fixing cells are still active thanks to specialized cells called heterocysts. Nitrogen from the atmosphere diffuses into the soil and becomes ammonia.
What cell is able to repair nitrogen?The symbiotic relationship between the water fern Azolla and the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae is an illustration of this sort of nitrogen fixation. Cavities created at the base of Azolla fronds are colonized by Anabaena. In specialized cells known as heterocysts, the cyanobacteria fix a sizable amount of nitrogen there.
Which cell in cyanobacteria is in charge of fixing nitrogen?Upon removal of combined nitrogen from the growing media, some filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have the capacity to develop into specialized nitrogen-fixing cells known as heterocysts.
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The human appendix i a tructure we till have but no longer ue. What type of tructure i th?
The human appendix is a structure we still have but no longer use. It is regarded as a Vestigial structure.
Vestigial structures provide compelling proof of evolution. The appendix is generally the first structure that comes to mind as having no function in humans.
Vestigial in the sense that the organ appears to have no functions or is useless now, but it may have had functions previously that were lost due to evolution. The vermiform appendix is an example of such an organ.
The human appendix may be regarded as a vestigial organ because it has been demonstrated that removing the organ after infancy causes no harm. However, in humans, the appendix has developed to the extreme and is strategically located at the junction of the midgut and hindgut.
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Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are transmembrane proteins that regulate cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The extracellular domains of FGFR proteins bind specifically to signaling molecules called fibroblast growth factors. The intracellular domains of FGFR proteins function as protein kinases, enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to protein substrates.
FGFR activation occurs when binding by fibroblast growth factors causes FGFR proteins in the plasma membrane to become closely associated with each other. The association of two FGFR proteins stimulates protein kinase activity, which triggers the activation of intracellular signaling pathways.
A simplified model of FGFR activation is represented in Figure 1.
Which of the following changes in the FGFR signaling pathway is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell proliferation?
answer choices
The irreversible association of FGFR proteins
The loss of the FGFR protein kinase function
A decrease in the intracellular concentration of ATP
A decrease in the extracellular concentrations of fibroblast growth factors
The irreversible association of FGFR proteins is the most likely change in the FGFR signaling pathway to result in uncontrolled cell proliferation.
FGFRs play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation by activating intracellular signaling pathways in response to the binding of fibroblast growth factors. When FGFR proteins in the plasma membrane become closely associated with each other, it stimulates protein kinase activity and triggers the activation of these signaling pathways.
However, if the association of FGFR proteins becomes irreversible, it could result in continuous activation of these signaling pathways and uncontrolled cell proliferation. This is because the signaling pathways activated by FGFRs typically have feedback mechanisms in place to inhibit further activation once the appropriate response has been triggered. If the association of FGFR proteins becomes irreversible, these feedback mechanisms would no longer be able to function properly and the signaling pathways would continue to be activated, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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Is sanitiser a disinfectant?
Sanitizing surfaces using chemicals destroys germs. It is not designed to eliminate viruses. Yes, the EPA does register sanitizing goods. Disinfecting surfaces using chemicals destroys viruses and germs.
Alcohol, a surface disinfectant, is the major active element in hand sanitizers. As a result, the term "hand sanitizer" is a bit misleading because it is actually a disinfectant.
Sanitisers are compounds that may kill germs such as bacteria that cause food poisoning and other ailments. When applied correctly, they can decrease bacterial surface contamination to an acceptable level.
Depending on the dose, household bleach (chlorine as sodium hypochlorite) is active against most germs, including bacterial spores, and can be used as a disinfectant or sanitizer.
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Which of the following statements correctly defines the process of gene expression?
answer choices
Gene expression is the process by which proteins direct the synthesis of DNA.
Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteinsGene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
Gene expression is the process by which proteins direct the synthesis of RNA.
Gene expression is the process by which RNA direct the synthesis of DNA.
The following statement that correctly defines the process of gene expression is B. Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis
Gene expression is the process of using the genetic information stored in genes (DNA) to direct protein synthesis. Gene expression allows organisms to produce different cell types and be able to adapt to internal and external factors. The process of gene excretion occurs in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm and occurs in two stages, namely transcription and translation.
In the process of transcription DNA is used to produce copies in the form of mRNA. While the process of translation is the process of synthesizing specific polypeptides in the ribosome. One or more polypeptides can form protein.
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