Rank the following point mutations in order of least damaging to most damaging if they occur in the middle of the coding sequence of a polypeptide.
If the point mutations listed below occur in the midst of a polypeptide's coding sequence, rank them from least to most harmful.
How is selective toxicity defined?The characteristic of a perfect antimicrobial agent known as selective toxicity indicates that the medicine can hurt a bacterium without harming the host. A medicine in a dose that the host can tolerate may harm an infecting microbe. Selective toxicity is sometimes relative rather than absolute.
Which of the following is true with regards to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations?A bacterial population that has already developed a resistant phenotype is selected for by antibiotic exposure.
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Describe how a product of photosynthesis can be used to synthesize amino acids
GUYSS PLSSS PLSSS I BEG ANYONE PLS HELP ME WITH THIS QUESTION ASAP I NEED AN ANSWER ASAP ASAP PLS PLS OMGGG
Answer:
Explanation:
Oxygen is a major product of photosynthesis. Oxygen fuels aerobic processes, which is required to synthesize amino acids.
The endocrine glands located above each kidney (divided into 2 portions called the medulla "marrow-like" and the cortex "bark-like") are the:
tonsil glands
lymph gland
adrenal glands
ovary glands
Answer:adrenal
Explanation:it is correct
Will warmer oceans be better or worse at absorbing CO2, and why?
Please help, giving brainliest
No, warmer oceans not better at absorbing CO₂.
Why warmer oceans hold less CO₂?The ocean covers around 70% of the Earth's surface. As a result, it's not unexpected that it has a significant impact on the Earth's ecosystem. Ocean water absorbs energy (heat) when the Earth warms, distributing it more equally throughout the globe. The ocean also takes up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere of the planet.
Temperature is the key to dissolving carbon dioxide. According to the study, a lot more CO₂ is dissolved in the ocean's coldest waters because cold water is better at absorbing and dissolving gases like CO₂ than warmer water.
Thus, no warmer oceans not better at absorbing CO₂.
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Witch statement describes the term economics
Answer:
Which statement best defines the term economics?
Explanation:
Economics is the study of the production and distribution of goods and services.
In mice, the allele for gray fur (G) is dominant to the allele for brown fur (g). The allele (L) for long tail is dominant to the allele (l) for short tail. A cross is made between two mice that are heterozygous for gray and long tail. What is the expected phenotype ratio of the offspring?
Answer:
Explanation:
In this cross, the two parent mice are heterozygous for both the fur and tail traits, which means that they have the genotypes GgLl. The offspring of this cross will have a 1/4 chance of inheriting a GgLl genotype, a 1/4 chance of inheriting a Ggll genotype, a 1/4 chance of inheriting a ggLl genotype, and a 1/4 chance of inheriting a ggll genotype.
The expected phenotype ratio of the offspring will depend on which traits are dominant and which are recessive. In this case, the G allele is dominant and the g allele is recessive for the fur trait, and the L allele is dominant and the l allele is recessive for the tail trait. Therefore, the expected phenotype ratio of the offspring will be as follows:
Phenotype Ratio
Gray, long tail: 1/4
Gray, short tail: 1/4
Brown, long tail: 1/4
Brown, short tail: 1/4
This means that the expected phenotype ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1, or a 1:1 ratio of gray to brown fur and a 1:1 ratio of long to short tails.
the fight-or-flight response is associated with the release of_____ into the bloodstream. group of answer choices A) serotonin B) oxytocin C) lymphocytes D) stress hormones
The fight-or-flight response is associated with the release of stress hormones into the bloodstream.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
What is the stress hormone?The stres hormones are known as adrenaline. Аdrenаline (epinephrine) is а hormone your аdrenаl glаnds send through your bloodstreаm. When you are scаred or stressed suddenly, аdrenаline is quickly sent into your body. This is commonly known аs аn аdrenаline rush becаuse it hаppens so fаst. You’ve probаbly heаrd of "fight or flight". Аdrenаline is whаt gets your body reаdy to fight or flee dаnger.
Аdrenаline serves а purpose by helping you reаct in а dаngerous situаtion. But there аre times when it’s not helpful to body. Nicotine mаkes your body releаse аdrenаline, which cаuses your heаrt to beаt fаster аnd your blood pressure to rise.
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3.07 anatomy and physiology endocrine system
how to I don't know hehehe ans = 89
Identify the features of vertebrates (craniates/vertebrates) that set them apart from the non-vertebrate chordates, like the lancelets.
The clade Vertebrata includes all vertebrates. Vertebrates show all four of the chordates' distinguishing characteristics, but they also belong to two distinct clades.
What distinguishes chordates from other vertebrates in terms of craniates?Characteristics. The chordate subphyla aren't included in the term "craniates" because it simply refers to chordates with distinct heads. Tunicata (tunicates) and Cephalochordata (lancelets), but also Myxini, which contain keratin-based tooth-like features and cartilaginous craniums.
What distinguishes craniates from vertebrates?All vertebrates fall under the phylum Craniata, as well as hagfishes (Myxini), which lack a backbone but have a skull. The only known living thing without a spinal column and a skull is the hagfish. Vertebrates are known as craniates because they possess a skull or cranium.
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A factory dumps toxic waste in the forest. If the waste enters level C, but goes no further, it will:
A factory dumps toxic waste in the forest. If the waste enters level C, but goes no further, it may affect humans, animals, and plants whether it winds up in the ground, waterways, or even the air.
What is c-waste?The average concentration of Class C garbage is 7.00 curies/cubic foot. This waste is polluted with certain long-lived nucleotide and includes more short-lived radionuclides than both Class A and Class B nuclear waste.
C&D garbage is created during the construction, remodeling, repair, and destruction of residences, big building structures, highways, bridges, piers, and dams.
The potentially harmful output of a variety of operations, including manufacturing, farming, water treatment systems, construction, automobile garages, labs, hospitals, and other businesses, is hazardous or toxic waste. The waste might be solid, liquid, or sludge and could include pathogens, radiation, heavy metals, chemicals, and more. Even in the home, hazardous waste is generated by objects such as batteries, discarded computer equipment, and residual paints or pesticides.
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The African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) is one of the largest mammals in the African savanna. Understanding evolutionary history helps scientists gain knowledge of how organisms interact with the environment.
Analyze the phylogenetic tree to explain the evolution of the African savanna elephant
(Loxodonta africana).
African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) and African bush elephants (Loxodonta africana) are both members of the same genus.
The African savanna is where?
The Savanna Biome, which makes about 46% of southern Africa's total land and more than one-third of South Africa, is the biggest biome there. In addition to being the predominant vegetation in Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe, it is well developed throughout South Africa's lowveld and Kalahari region.
What is the savanna of Africa renowned for?
Tropical grassland with warm temperatures all year round and irregular rainfall makes up the African savanna environment. A complex food web is formed by the interactions of a diverse variety of species in the savanna, which is characterized by grasses and small or dispersed trees.
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the tyr, trp2, and trp1 genes may be located on different chromosomes but are activated by the same transcription factor.
The TYRTYR, TRP2TRP2, and TRP1TRP1 genes may be located on different chromosomes but are activated by the same transcription factor.
Proteins called transcription factors control the transcription of genes, which is the copying of genes into RNA before they are used to make proteins. Numerous transcription factors are present in the human body. Likewise, so does the body of a fungus, tree, or bird. The proper expression of the correct genes in the appropriate bodily cells at the appropriate time is made possible by transcription factors. Typically, DNA is bound by a transcription factor at a specific target sequence. Once coupled, the transcription factor alters how easy or difficult RNA polymerase finds it to bind to the gene's promoter. Transcriptional regulation, or the copying of genes into RNA before they are utilised to generate proteins, is governed by proteins known as transcription factors.
The human body has several transcription factors. The same is true of a tree, fungus, or bird's body. Transcription factors enable the appropriate expression of the appropriate genes in the appropriate body cells at the appropriate time.
Hence, operon gene are activated by single transcription factor.
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what are some phenotypes found in turkeys that might help protect them from their predator
A Phenotype is a set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. So some phenotypes a turkey can use to protect himself are
turkeys may kick with their legs, using the spurs on their back of the legs as a weapon, bite with their beak and ram with their relatively large bodies and may be able to deter predators up to the size of mid-sized mammals.
2. beginning with the vena cava, describe the flow of blood through the heart, pulmonary circuit, and systemic circuit. be sure to include each of the heart chambers and valves. note when the blood becomes deoxygenated and oxygenated.
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood through the vena cava, which are large veins. This initiates the pulmonary circuit, in which the right atrium pumps blood that has lost oxygen to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve.
What are the steps involved in circulation of blood in humans ?
Blood is ejected from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries by contracting and passing through the pulmonary semilunar valve. The pulmonary arteries travel to the capillary beds that line the lungs' alveoli, where the blood loses its carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The pulmonary circuit is finished and the systemic circuit is initiated as the oxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary veins back to the left atrium.
Blood is pumped from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the bicuspid/mitral valve. The aortic semilunar valve opens when the left ventricle contracts, ejecting oxygenated blood into the aorta. The aorta divides into smaller arteries, then into even tiny arterioles, and finally into many capillaries. Here, there is a gas exchange where oxygen is given to the tissue and carbon dioxide is taken up by the tissue. Before returning to the vena cava, the deoxygenated blood travels through veins and venules. Thus, the systemic circuit is finished.
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Describe the flow of blood through the heart by placing the following structures in order. Begin and end with the vena cava. Also, identify whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated.
2.
Which of the following is NOT a type of virus?
a. Bacteriophage
b. Lysogenic
c. Dinoflagellate
d. Retrovirus
Answer:
The lysogenic cycle, or non-virulent infection, involves the virus assimilating its genome with the host cell's genome to achieve replication without killing the host.
Explanation:
letter C
Answer:
option c
Explanation:
The Dinoflagellate are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae
example: Peridinium, Prorocentrum, and Dinophysis.
where the carbon atoms of acetyl coa end up and where the energy that was stored in acetyl coa ends up. krebs cycle
Since each glucose molecule produces two acetyl-CoA molecules, the Krebs cycle must be completed twice to produce the four CO2, six NADH, two FADH2, and two ATPs.
Catabolic reactions occur within cells during cellular respiration. It is a biochemical process by which waste materials are removed and nutrients are broken down to generate energy, which is then stored in the form of ATP. The process of aerobic respiration needs oxygen.The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is the last step of oxidation for amino acids, lipids, and glucose.Other than glucose, many animals rely on other substances for energy.Protein's metabolic byproduct, amino acids, are deaminated and converted to pyruvate and other Krebs cycle intermediates.They begin the cycle and are broken down, for example. On deamination, alanine turns into pyruvate, glutamate into -ketoglutarate, and aspartate into oxaloacetate.Acetyl CoA is created when fatty acids are -oxidized and enters the Krebs cycle. It is the primary mechanism through which cells produce ATP. Complete nutrient oxidation results in the production of a significant amount of energy.To know more about glucose check the below link:
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Mention the name of four groups of important pathogenic E. coli? Can TBX medium be used to recover all types of nonpathogenic and pathogenic E. coli? Support your answer by giving an example.
The four groups of pathogenic E.coli are enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, verocytotoxigenic and enteroinvasive groups. These groups can best be isolated and recoved through luria broth.
What is Escherichia coli?The pathogenic E. coli or Escherichia coli serotypes are grouped on the basis of their mechanism of causing symptoms in humans. The six groups of pathogenic E.coli are enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, verocytotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative and diffusely adherent E. coli.
Luria broth (LB) is one of the most commonly used growth medium for E. coli. It promotes fast growth of the organism and also provides good plasmid yields, making it an excellent choice for most laboratory applications, especially the small-scale plasmid preps.
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which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression?
A cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA doesn't occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression.
How does a gene codes for a functional protein in a cell?The process of а gene codes for а functionаl protein in а cell occurs in both prokаryotic аnd eukаryotic cells, just in slightly different mаnners.
Prokаryotic gene expression is primаrily controlled аt the level of trаnscription. Eukаryotic gene expression is controlled аt the levels of epigenetics, trаnscription, post-trаnscription, trаnslаtion, аnd post-trаnslаtion. Prokаryotic gene expression (both trаnscription аnd trаnslаtion) occurs within the cytoplаsm of а cell due to the lаck of а defined nucleus; thus, the DNА is freely locаted within the cytoplаsm. Eukаryotic gene expression occurs in both the nucleus (trаnscription) аnd cytoplаsm (trаnslаtion).
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full options were
A) mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are transcribed.
B) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
C) A cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA.
D) RNA polymerase requires a primer to elongate the molecule.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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Operon vocabulary
Can you match terms related to operons to their definitions?
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
1. A(n) operonis a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator, a promoter, and genes for a related set of proteins, usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.
2. Thegenes of an operonis/are arranged sequentially after the promoter.
3. A(n) promoter is a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.
4. A(n) regulatory genecodes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes.
5. Regulatory proteins bind to the operatorto control expression of the operon.
6. A(n) repressoris a protein that inhibits gene transcription. In prokaryotes, this protein binds to the DNA in or near the promoter.
7. A(n) inducer is a specific small molecule that binds to a bacterial regulatory protein and changes its shape so that it cannot bind to an operator, thus switching an operon on.
A(n) operon is a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator, a promoter, and genes for a related set of proteins, usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.
Is a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator a promoter and genes?An operon refers to a unit of DNA which is made up of connected genes that regulate a particular protein synthesis. Operons are found in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses. Operon allows the protein synthesis in these organisms to be controlled coordinately in response to the needs of the cell. Proteins are produced only when they are needed, thus the operon helps the cell to conserve energy. An example of a well studied operon is the Lac operon of E. coli. A(n) regulatory gene codes for a protein, such as a repressor, that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes.Regulatory proteins bind to the operator to control expression of the operon.A(n) repressors a protein that inhibits gene transcription. In prokaryotes, this protein binds to the DNA in or near the promoter. A(n) inducer is a specific small molecule that binds to a bacterial regulatory protein and changes its shape so that it cannot bind to an operator, thus switching an operon on.An inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression by binding to repressors or activators: prevents the repressor from binding to the operator or helps activator binding to DNA.To learn more about metabolic pathway refer to:
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How do
modest or
extreme
environmental
changes affect
the long-term
stability of an
ecosystem?
Molecules that impart positional information and promote developmental changes at the cellular level are most accurately referred to as _______.
Molecules that impart positional information and promote developmental changes at the cellular level are most accurately referred to as morphogens.
What are morphogens ?Developmental biology places a lot of importance on the idea of "morphogens." A morphogen is, by definition, a chemical that emerges from a particular group of cells, is present in a gradient of concentration, and determines the fate of every cell along the gradient.
Morphogens are substances that create a graded distribution and cause various cellular reactions that are dose-dependent. They serve to convey positional information to individual cells within a field, which is then interpreted to produce spatial patterns.
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A measure of the amount of greenhouse gases produced, shown as units of carbon dioxide
emissions, is the
carbon footprint.
smog level.
carbon level.
air quality index.
Answer:
carbon footprint
Explanation:
A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day-to- day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc.
Apply the 10% rule
1.Transfer each set of food chains leading to an APEX into an energy pyramid.
2. Apply the numbers given to your period to each level.
3. Transfer the energy converted.
Because nothing can consume it, the tiger is referred to as "the pinnacle of the food chain."
Describe the food chain.A food web is made up of all the food networks in one ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is a link in one of the many diverse food chains that exist there. A potential path for nutrients and energy to move through the ecosystem is provided by each food chain.The idea of the food web is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of energy transmission in an ecosystem. The interactions between species within a community as well as the structure of the community are shown, along with the feeding relationships between species.Predators like this eat, etc. Every victim, node in the sink web, meal consumed by the prey, etc.For more information on food chain kindly visit to
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the ____ is a small lobe deep to the lateral sulcus that is not visible unless the temporal lobe is reflected back.
Only when the temporal and frontal lobes are separated can the insula lobe, which is situated deep inside the lateral fissure, be viewed.
Which cerebral lobe is not visible from the surface of the brain and is located deep to the lateral sulcus?The anterior insula is a region of cortex that is folded within the lateral sulcus between the frontal and temporal lobes and is hidden from view on the brain's lateral surface.
What parts of the brain may be seen from the side?The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem are visible in the lateral view of the brain as are the other two major brain regions. The ideal vantage point from which to understand the lobes of the hemispheres is a lateral view of the cerebrum.
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If embryo development were arrested at the stage when the first three body segments were forming, which of the following events would fail to occur? Choose one or more: A. migration of pole cells toward the anterior side B. movement of the tail toward the ventral side C. formation of the abdomen segments D. development of a crest that separates the region that will become the head, mouth parts, and foregut from the rest of the embryo
The formation of a crest dividing the embryo's resting zone from the region that will eventually become the foregut, mouth, and head.
What distinguishing characteristics of Drosophila embryo development?A syncytial blastoderm with around 6000 nuclei forms before the cellular blastoderm during the early stages of Drosophila embryogenesis after the embryo passes through 13 rounds of fast, coordinated nuclear division cycles in a shared cytoplasm.
How long does it take a Drosophila embryo to develop?Figure 21–24 depicts an overview of the Drosophila development timeline from egg to adult. Embryonic development starts at fertilization and lasts for about a day, after which the embryo emerges from the egg to become a larva.
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A child with the Gene's for PKU( a recessive disorder that leads to brain damage because proteins aren't digested properly) is raised to adulthood under a strict low protein diet that prevents the gene from being activated. He lives a normal life and eventually becomes a father. As a genetic counselor, explain whether the fact that his gene is inactive affects the probability his future children might inherit PKU allele.
There is a 25% probability that both of the carrier parents will pass on the mutant gene to the offspring, resulting in PKU.
How is PKU passed down?PKU has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern within families. A individual has two copies of the gene that is changed if autosomal recessive inheritance applies. A person with PKU typically has one copy of the mutated gene in each parent.
How does a person get PKU or inherit it?PKU is a hereditary condition that is inherited from one's parents. A newborn must inherit a certain gene mutation for PKU from each parent in order to have the condition. if only one parent contributed the gene to the child.
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Phosphorous is difficult for plants and animals to access in nature
The majority of the element phosphorus in the environment is held in reservoirs, making it challenging for plants and animals to obtain it in the natural world.
The only essential nutrient cycle without a gas phase is the phosphorus cycle. The major form of phosphorus found in sedimentary rocks is phosphate. Only by a gradual weathering process do the phosphate compounds enter the soil and water.
Why is it challenging for plants and animals to get phosphorous in nature?Because phosphorus concentrations in soil are typically low, this element is frequently a limiting factor for plant growth. That is why people frequently apply phosphate fertilizers on agricultural land. Due to its low water solubility, phosphorus is also a limiting factor for plant growth in marine habitats.
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what happens to the exterior temperature of these planes as they leave the ground
The thing that happens to the exterior temperature of these planes as they leave the ground is that the exterior temperature will decreases very steadily.
How does the temperature decreases with altitude?The concentration of greenhouse gases declines as elevation rises (Water vapor and carbon dioxide fall sharply with elevation). As a result, the atmosphere's ability to absorb heat will likewise decline.
Note that as you go higher, the air gets colder closer to the Earth's surface. For every 1000 meters you gain while climbing a mountain, you may anticipate a 6.5 degree Celsius drop in air temperature.
Therefore, in the above case, this happens as the plane initially ascends through the troposphere; as they ascend higher, the temperature of the plane falls. The temperature rises when the aircraft enters the tropopause, which is the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
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See full question below
commercial jets fly in the lower stratosphere. what happens to thhe exterior temperature of these planes as they leave the stratosphere and return to the ground
The data suggest that Baikal seals can sustain much longer dives than emperor penguins propose a hypothesis that could explain the evolution of different dive responses in emperor penguins and baikal seals
The suggested hypothesis is that fermentation may be to blame for the rise in lactate levels.
What are the different capacities a bacteria will have?Bacteria with the capacity to utilize a variety of carbohydrate sources create lactic acid through the fermentation process. The primary bacteria utilised to create lactic acid are lactic acid bacteria, and among these, Lactobacillus spp. have demonstrated intriguing fermentation abilities.
Lactic acid fermentation was a consequence of a deficiency in oxygen inside the muscle cells. This is because oxygen is required by the cell as a terminal electron acceptor in order to make ATP.
Therefore, The suggested hypothesis is that fermentation may be to blame for the rise in lactate levels.
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people with darker skin benefit in high uv light areas because they are at a lower rate of the destruction of:
People with darker skin benefit in high UV light areas because they are at a lower rate of the destruction of folate, and require more UV for vitamin D synthesis.
What is UV light?With a wavelength ranging from 10 nm to 400 nm, ultraviolet radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. Sunlight contains UV radiation, which makes up around 10% of the Sun's overall electromagnetic radiation output.
What is Vitamin D?It is a fat-soluble vitamin that has long been known to aid in the body's absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorus, both of which are essential for bone development. Additionally, vitamin D can help prevent infections, lessen inflammation, and slow the formation of cancerous cells.
Hence, people with darker skin benefit in high UV light areas because they are at a lower rate of the destruction of folate, and require more UV for vitamin D synthesis.
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