Extraneous variables can threaten the internal validity of your study by providing alternative explanations for your results. In an experiment, you manipulate an independent variable to study its effects on a dependent variable.
When extraneous variables are uncontrolled, it’s hard to determine the exact effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable, because the effects of extraneous variables may mask them.
Controlling extraneous variables is an important aspect of experimental design. When you control an extraneous variable, you turn it into a control variable. Uncontrolled extraneous variables can also make it seem as though there is a true effect of the independent variable in an experiment when there’s actually none.
What is extraneous variables?
Any variable that you are not exploring in an experiment but that could potentially have an impact on the results of your research study is referred to as an extraneous variable.
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How does the initial mass of a star relate to its surface temperature and luminosity?
For stars in their main sequence, as stellar mass increases, so do diameter, temperature and luminosity.
What is the relationship between stellar temperature, radius, and luminosity?The brightness (luminosity) is represented on the y axis in the H-R diagram below, while temperature is indicated on the x axis (from right to left). The population of stars displayed diagonally from top left to bottom right is the main sequence.
The brightness of any incandescent (heat-glowing) object obviously rises with temperature, and the hotter the object, the bluer its light.
A faster rate of fusion in the core, caused by more pressure from greater mass, is what causes a star to get hotter.
So, the larger the star (mass and diameter), the brighter, hotter, and bluer it is. Smaller stars are redder and colder.
Red giants and white dwarfs do not appear in the main sequence.
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Describe how you can distinguish the structures of each of these polysaccharides. Lookat the examples closely and come up with a way to memorize which is which and thenexplain it (do not just simply draw each structure).
starch -
cellulose -
glycogen-
Answer: starch
Explanation:
i had this question
For the gaseous exchange to work efficiently, there must be a difference in concentration between the gases in blood and in alveolus. Give two ways in which these differences are maintained.
The differences between the concentration gradients of gases in blood and in alveolus is maintained by two processes called inhalation and exhalation.
The process of inhaling oxygen rich air is called inhalation and the process of expelling out carbon dioxide rich air out from the body is called exhalation. Inspired air is rich in oxygen which is stored in the lungs or alveoli temporarily and the carbon dioxide from the blood is expelled out through the lungs through a process called gaseous exchange.
During respiration, diffusion accounts for the majority of gas exchange. A concentration gradient drives movement through the mechanism of diffusion. In the lungs, blood that has a high carbon dioxide content and a low oxygen content exchanges gases with the air. Compared to the blood, which is depleted of oxygen, the air in the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide. During respiration, gas exchange is made possible by this concentration gradient.
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PHOSPHOLIPID
Another type of lipid in the cell membrane is______ that makes the membrane more fluid. Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are_____that also aid in diffusion and in cell recognition. Proteins called_____proteins go all the way through the bilayer, while______proteins are only on one side. Integral proteins are also called______proteins.
Large molecules like ________ or carbohydrates use proteins to help
move across cell membranes.
Some of the membrane proteins have
carbohydrate________ attached to help cells in recognize each other and certain molecules.
List 4 functions of the cell or plasma membrane:
a.
b.
C.
d.
Answer:
Another type of lipid in the cell membrane is cholesterol that makes the membrane more fluid.
Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are proteins that also aid in diffusion and in cell recognition.
Proteins called transport proteins go all the way through the bilayer, while integral proteins are only on one side.
Integral proteins are also called transmembrane proteins.
Large molecules like lipids or carbohydrates use proteins to help move across cell membranes.
Some of the membrane proteins have carbohydrate glycoproteins attached to help cells in recognize each other and certain molecules.
List 4 functions of the cell or plasma membrane:
1.) identification
2.) communication
3.) regulation of solute exchange through the membrane
4.) isolation of the cytoplasm from the external environment
description and observations of star gazing
The description and observations of star gazing is that the motion of stars is one that is seen as Diurnal motion where stars as well as other kind of celestial bodies is seen across the sky. This motion is seen as Earth's tends to rotate from west down to the east, which makes celestial bodies to also move from east to west.
What do you perceive when gazing at the stars?A galaxy is a collection of billions of gravitationally bound stars, the majority of which will have their own Solar System. Finding them and viewing them through a telescope are both enjoyable due to their variety of sizes and forms as well as the various angles from which we view them from Earth.
The rotation of the Earth is what causes this motion. Stars can be seen rising in the east, as well as they are passing overhead, and setting in the west as the Earth spins us eastward at a speed of about what we say a thousand miles per hour.
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During chemiosmosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ______ of the mitochondrion to create a large electrochemical gradient for aerobic cellular respiration.
Answer:
I believe it's the Thylakoid compartment, I would still try to get some other opinions on it but I'm like 90% sure especially if it's something you've been hearing it a lot in class
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-Record details about what you observe…
-what do they look like?
Answer:
white blood cells
Explanation:
bc it looks like red blood cells.. but white
A young woman suffering from prosopagnosia, an inability to identify faces, a disorder of object recognition associated with damage to the _____________ lobe of the brain.
A young woman suffering from prosopagnosia, an inability to identify faces, and a neurological disorder of object recognition associated with damage to the occipital lobe of the brain.
Prosopagnosia is an inability to identify faces.
This neurological disorder is also known as facial agnosia or facial blindness where a person fails to spot facial expressions.
People suffering from prosopagnosia can not judge a person's age, expression, or gender and even their own face while standing in front of a mirror.
Prosopagnosia can also manifest in other ways as well such as difficulty while recognizing objects including cars, houses, and trees.
This disease is associated with the occipital lobe of the brain which is associated with memory or facial perception.
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lysozyme, an enzyme found in human saliva, tears, and other secretions, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages and peptidoglycan. predict the effect of this enzyme on bacteria and how it may be involved in human health.
lysozyme, an enzyme found in human saliva, tears, and other secretions, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages and peptidoglycan. predict the effect of this enzyme on bacteria and how it may be involved in human health.
lysozyme, an enzyme found in human saliva, tears, and other secretions, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages and peptidoglycan. This enzyme degrades the bacterial cell wall but it is suitable for human health by preventing bacterial infection.
What is hydrolysis?
The cleavage of biomolecules known as biological hydrolysis occurs when a water molecule is consumed in order to cause the division of a bigger molecule into its component parts. Saccharification is the process of hydrolyzing a carbohydrate into its individual sugar molecules, as occurs when sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose.
The beta one for, say, acidic connections, an urgent analogy that will demolish the bacterial cell wall. By destroying their peptidoglycan, it breaks down the bacterial cell wall. In addition, since we lack peptidoglycan in our bodies, an enzyme that kills bacteria won't have the same impact on human cells. This is excellent for human health since it can help stop bacterial infections. Because it will presumably destroy microorganisms, we detect it in human secretions that come into contact with the environment, such as tears and saliva.
Hence . lysozyme degrades the bacterial cell wall but it is suitable for human health by preventing bacterial infection.
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Proteins are made by cells based on the dna sequences found in genes. Which cell organelle acts as a distribution center by creating vacuoles to transport proteins to different locations around the cell?.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is found in both plant and animal's cell.
It is located close to the nuclear membrane and extend throught the cytoplasm. It is said to be the largest organellethe cell
ER is responsible for a number of functions including protein synthesis and lipid metabolism
It also produce vacuoles that transfer protein from the site of production to other parts of the cell.
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9. Circle the letter of each sentence that describes a change in velocity.
a. A moving object gains speed.
b. A moving object changes direction.
A moving obiect moves in a straight line at a constant speed.
Sentence that describes a change in velocity are a moving object gains speed and a moving object changes direction.
What term best expresses an object's change in direction or velocity?Acceleration is that rate at which the speed and direction of a moving object vary over time. A point or object going straight ahead is accelerated when it accelerates or decelerates. Regardless of whether the speed is constant, motion on a circle accelerates because the direction is always shifting.
The primary indicator of both an object's position and speed is its velocity. It is the distance how an object travels in one unit of time. The displacement of the objects in one unit of time is the definition of velocity.
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Osmosis review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Answer:
1. sugar
2. into
3. turgid
Hypotonic solution
4. same
Isotonic solution
5. high
6. out
7. cytoplasm
8. flaccid
9. plasmolyzed
Hypertonic solution
describe one method for identifying the distribution of organelles within the density gradient fractions. in other words, how might you determine which fractions are enriched for p. falciparum mitochondria? golgi bodies? digestive vacuoles?
Cellular components are divided using a process called cell fractionation that keeps each component's unique functions intact.
Which technique is used for protein fractionation?Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques can also be used to separate proteins into different fractions. By using adsorption chromatography and/or gel filtration, which separates proteins based on their size and shape, different proteins can be separated.
The best technique for isolating organelles is centrifugation. Other methods that take advantage of different physical (such as electrical charge for free flow electrophoresis) or biological (such as ligand affinity for immunoisolation) characteristics have also been used to study complex organelles and membranes.
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Which of the following is about chromosome pair number 1 till chromosome pair number 22?
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes.
By international convention, human autosomes, or non-sex chromosomes are numbered in descending order of size from 1 to 22. The exceptions are chromosomes 21 and 22 the former of which is actually the smallest autosome. Sex chromosomes are usually placed at the end of the cardiogram. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in males and females.
In the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes differ between males and females. A female has two copies of her x chromosome, while a male has one of her x chromosome and one of her Y chromosome. The 22 autosomes are numbered by size. Chromosome 1 probably contains 2,000 to 2,100 genes that give instructions for making proteins. These proteins perform different functions in the body. Chromosome 22 contains perhaps 500 to 600 genes that give the instructions for making proteins. These proteins perform different functions in the body.
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Alexei Romanov suffered from hemophilia, a condition that
(a). prevents the body from absorbing vitamin B12 due to the body’s inability to form fibrin proteins.
(b). prevents blood from clotting normally due to the body’s inability to form fibrin proteins.
(c). causes the body to produce too many blood cells due to the body’s inability to form fibrin proteins.
(d). causes the body to produce abnormally shaped red blood cells due to the body’s inability to form fibrin proteins.
Answer:
B. Prevents blood from clotting normally due to the body’s inability to form fibrin proteins. This can cause even the slightest injury, to bleed severely.
Explanation:
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A growth disfunction in childhood
can sometimes mean a problem
or disease associated with a
particular gland. Name the gland
that is likely to be responsible for
a growth problem in childhood.
Answer: the pituitary gland
Explanation: The condition occurs if the pituitary gland makes too little growth hormone. It can be also the result of genetic defects, severe brain injury or being born without a pituitary gland.
A plant cell with a ΨS of -7.5 bars keeps a constant volume when immersed in an open-beaker solution that has a ΨS of -4 bars. What is the cell’s ΨP?
A plant cell with a ΨS of -7.5 bars keeps a constant volume when immersed in an open-beaker solution that has a ΨS of -4 bars. The cell’s ΨP is mathematically given as
ΨP = 3.5 bars
This is further explained below.
What is Hydraulics Pressure?Generally, Hydraulics is both a technology and applied science that makes use of engineering, chemistry, and other scientific disciplines to study the mechanical characteristics of liquids and their applications.
At its most fundamental level, hydraulics may be thought of as the pneumatics (gases) equivalent to the study of liquids.
In conclusion, A plant cell with a ΨS of -7.5 bars keeps a constant volume when immersed in an open-beaker solution that has a ΨS of -4 bars.
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Sam is investigating the factors that affect photosynthesis. She keeps some plants in the dark for 24–48 hours. They receive no light. What does this remove from the plants?
Keeping the plants in the dark for 24-48 hours removes the source of light from the plants.
Light is one of the essential factors required for the process of photosynthesis in plants.
During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process takes place in specialized cell structures called chloroplasts, which contain the pigment chlorophyll that captures light energy.By depriving the plants of light for an extended period, the plants are unable to carry out photosynthesis. As a result, they are unable to generate the energy-rich molecules necessary for their growth, development, and survival.Without the presence of light, plants cannot perform the chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis and cannot produce the required carbohydrates and other organic compounds.Thus, the plant's source of light is removed by keeping them in the dark for 24 to 48 hours.
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help please !!!¡!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
If the gametes produced by a given organism contain 6 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are found in that organism's body cells?
3
6
12
10
Answer:
12
Explanation:
I think its 12 because gametes are haploid which means they have a single set of chromosomes and body cells are diploid, which means they have double.
During fertilization the two haploid gametes join creating a diploid zygote which multiplies by mitosis into more diploid cells
Scientists have classified how many different living things
Answer:
2 living things
Explanation:
According to Scientists, living things are classified into two; Plants and animals.
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An enzyme that follows simple michaelis–menten kinetics has an initial reaction velocity of 10 μmol⋅min−1 when the substrate concentration is five times greater than the km. What is the vmax of this enzyme?.
The Vmax of the enzyme is 12 μmol⋅min−1
We use Michaelis-menten equation, which is given by;
[tex]V=\frac{Vmax(S)}{Km+(S)} \\[/tex]
Where v is velocity of reaction
Vmax = maximum rate achieved by the system
[S] = concentration of a substrate
K[tex]_{m}[/tex]= Michaelis constant
Given V[tex]_{0}[/tex] = 10[tex]umolmin^{-1}[/tex]
[S] = 5km
Now, we calculate Vmax:
10[tex]umolmin^{-1}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{Vmax*(5Km)}{Km+5Km}[/tex]
Km = 1
[tex]10=\frac{5KmVmax}{6Km}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{10*6}{5} =Vmax[/tex]
[tex]Vmax[/tex] =12 μmol⋅min−1
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A _____________ factor is any living part of an environment.
Answer:
A biotic factor is any living part of an environment
Answer: A Biotic factor is any living part of an environment.
Which of the following is not part of the chemical level of organization?
macromolecules
elements
organelles
atoms
Answer:
atoms
Explanation:
Atoms and molecules are part of the chemical level of organization of the human body.
What other fields, besides medicine, currently use gene editing?
Answer:
Cancer research
Cardiovascular disease
Metabolic diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases
Viral diseases
Hereditary eye diseases
In order to maintain blood sugar homeostasis, your body does the following things. After eating a meal, what is the correct order in which they occur?
1) The level of glucose in the body decreases. Search
2) The body digests and absorbs food molecules.
3) The pancreas releases insulin, which triggers cells to take in more glucose.
4) The level of glucose in the blood increases.
A. 1,2,3,4
B. 2, 1,4,3
C. 3,1,2,4
D. 2,4,3,1
When you build a protein to perform a specific function in your body, you build that biomolecule using a _______ reaction.
Answer:Chemical.
Explanation:When u (you) consume anything building your body you cant reverse it. That makes it chemical.
a researcher finds a mutation toward the 3' end of a mammalian gene. the original sequence, aauaaa, has been changed. what aspect of transcription or mrna function is most likely to be affected?
The mutation in the 3' end of a mammalian gene that changes the sequence AAUAAA (poly-A tail) will affect the stability of the m-RNA molecule.
Poly-A tail in mammalian gene is composed of the sequence AAUAAA. It us very essential for providing the m-RNA molecule its stability. Its presence also prevents the degradation of the RNA. Another function of poly-A tail is to guide the transport of newly synthesized RNA molecule from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.
m-RNA is the messenger RNA. It is the RNA that actually encodes the genetic information from the DNA and transfers it to the protein. m-RNA when newly synthesized is called the hn-RNA and is formed into complete m-RNA only after undergoing certain processing.
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Question 6 of 10 Why is scientific argumentation important? A. It discredits claims that do not have the support of the public. B. It helps determine which scientists are good at accepting criticism. C. It helps determine whether there is enough evidence to support a claim. D. It is used to prove without a doubt that a scientific claim is true.
Answer: Scientific argumentation is very important because it allows to do scientific explanations about nature and to use them to solve problems and other explanations. It allows construct and support the research and new Knowledge, It gives validity to the investigation and gives solidity to create new hypotheses and theories. In addition, a good argument creates difficulty in revatting research. . For scientists, the goal is to convince their peers, using argumentation. The argument serves to communicate science in different contexts
Explanation: