What is dose response and explain how it is measured and why it varies between individuals?

Answers

Answer 1

Dose-response relationship, effect on an organism or, more specifically, on the risk of a defined outcome produced by a given amount of an agent or a level of exposure. A dose-response relationship is one in which increasing levels of exposure are associated with either an increasing or a decreasing risk of the outcome. Demonstration of a dose-response relationship is considered strong evidence for a causal relationship between the exposure and the outcome. The chance of a causal relationship cannot be disregarded, however, even when a dose-response relationship is absent.


Related Questions

Write one review for the Replay Museum in Tarpon Springs as though you just visited (whether you have ever been there or not). Your review should include what Replay Museum is, how it differs from a typical museum, some information about your experiences there (maybe favorite game?), and if you would recommend it for others.

Answers

Answer:Replay Amusement Museum is a gamer's paradise! This arcade/museum offers over 100 playable pinball and arcade machines. Enjoy playing classic favorites such as Arkanoid, Pac Man, and Xenon. There is also a selection of new pinball machines such as Game of Thrones, Lord of the Rings, and The Walking Dead pinball machines and

My husband is a kid at heart so he absolutely loved spending an afternoon reminiscing with some of his favorite childhood games. There is no need to raid the piggy bank for quarters. A wristband ($13 per adult, $7 per child) allows you access to play unlimited games all day. You are welcome to come and go as you please so you can take breaks for lunch or to shop for soaps and sponges at the Sponge Docks.

My only complaint is that my husband insisted that we play all of the games as two players and he managed to crush my high scores on every game! Will definitely be returning to Replay Amusement Museum for a rematch soon!

Note to the parents: This is not an arcade that you can drop your children off at. All minors must be accompanied by an adult and anyone entering the building must pay for a wristband.

Photo of Replay Amusement Museum - Tarpon Springs, FL, United States. Sure plays a mean pin ball!

Explanation:

This is for AICE Critical Thinking

There are 12 teams in the Jayhook Hockey League.


Each team plays every other team twice per season, once at home and once away from home.

Last season 34 of the matches played resulted in a tie. Of the others, 18 more were won by the home

team than by the away team.




1: How many games did any one particular team play?


2: How many total games were played in the league?


3: What was the Won-Loss record by Home Teams last season?

Answers

Answer:

22 games

132 games

58 - 40

Explanation:

Given that:

Total Number of teams = 12

Number of times a team play every other = 2 (home and away)

Number of ties = 34

Let :

home wins = x

Away wins = x - 18

1: How many games did any one particular team play?

(Total Number of teams - 1) * number of times a team play every other

(12 - 1) * 2

11 * 2 = 22 games

2: How many total games were played in the league?

(Number of games played per team * number of teams) / 2

(22 * 12) / 2

= 264 /2

= 132 games

3: What was the Won-Loss record by Home Teams last season?

Total number of games = 132

Home wins + away wins + ties = 132

x + x - 18 + 34 = 132

2x + 16 = 132

2x = 132 - 16

2x = 116

x = 58

Home team wins = 58

Away team wins = home team loss = 58 - 18 = 40

Hence, Won - Loss record by Home team :

58 : 40

Question: Given P(X) = 0.5, P(Y) = 0.4, and P(Y|X) = 0.3, what are P(X and Y) and P(X or Y)? (3 points)

A. P(X and Y) = 0.9, P(X or Y) = 0.75
B. P(X and Y) = 0.9, P(X or Y) = 0.1
C. P(X and Y) = 0.75, P(X or Y) = 0.15
D. P(X and Y) = 0.15, P(X or Y) = 0.1
E. P(X and Y) = 0.15, P(X or Y) = 0.75

Answers

Answer:

[tex]P(x\ and\ y) = 0.15[/tex]

[tex]P(x\ or\ y) = 0.75[/tex]

Explanation:

Given

[tex]P(x) = 0.5[/tex]

[tex]P(y) = 0.4[/tex]

[tex]P(y|x) = 0.3[/tex]

Solving (a): [tex]P(x\ and\ y)[/tex]

In probability, this is calculated as:

[tex]P(x\ and\ y) = P(x) * P(y|x)[/tex]

This gives:

[tex]P(x\ and\ y) = 0.5 * 0.3[/tex]

[tex]P(x\ and\ y) = 0.15[/tex]

Solving (b): [tex]P(x\ or\ y)[/tex]

In probability, this is calculated as:

[tex]P(x\ or\ y) = P(x) + P(y) - P(x\ and\ y)[/tex]

This gives:

[tex]P(x\ or\ y) = 0.5 + 0.4 - 0.15[/tex]

[tex]P(x\ or\ y) = 0.75[/tex]

A movie theater is located on a map of a city represented by a coordinate plane. The location of the movie theater is at (−3, −4). Which map shows the correct location of the movie theater?

Answers

Answer:

A coordinate grid with a point at 3 units to the left and 4 units down from the origin labeled movie theater.

Explanation:

Given that,

The location of the movie theater is at (−3, −4).

We need to show the correct location of the movie theater (by a coordinate plane).

We have plotted the graph for the given location.

The x-coordinate is -3 and the y coordinate is -4.

"A coordinate grid with a point at 3 units to the left and 4 units down from the origin labeled movie theater" represents the location of a move theater by a coordinate plane.

if 10-5=5 then what's 5-10=










[tex]free \: points[/tex]

Answers

Answer:

It's -5.

Explanation:

Subtracting a larger number from the first number will get you a negative answer.

Answer:

answer is -5 hope it will help

Which of these statements describe you? Check all that apply.

I have participated in an online discussion forum.
I am comfortable speaking before large groups.
I have led small or large group discussions in the classroom.
I prefer working in groups rather than working on my own.
I am able to share my thoughts on a topic with ease when participating in group discussions.
I have been part of an online meeting that required me to use web-conferencing software.

Answers

Answer:

I am all the above except the last one

Explanation:

Hope that helped :)

Answer:

All of those statements describe me

Explanation:

Pretty sure it was asking about your (as in the person who posted the question) personal experiences...

but I hope it helps! :D

This is for those who aren’t on the Honor Roll yet.

Guess who this is

Answers

if u follow me, I will follow u back

Effective treatments for disease is often target the underlying blank that causes the disease

Answers

Answer:

Effective treatments for disease is often target the underlying pathogen that causes the disease.

Explanation:

Diseases are caused by microorganisms called pathogens.  These pathogens or microorganisms include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.  Also described as diseasing-causing germs, these infectious or biological agents cause diseases or illnesses to their hosts by disrupting their normal physiology.  The most effective prevention is hygiene, especially hand-washing, while treatment includes the use of medicines and vaccines.

If an artist were to blend red, green, and blue paints together, the result would look

Answers

Answer:

you would get white

Explanation:

I looked it up on google lol

Answer:

it would look like a mixture of colors

Explanation:

yessir white fyi

A field of crop plants removes more mineral nutrients from the soil then does a field of native plants. Which of the following is the best exclamation for this?

Answer asap please!!

A. Crop plants are removed from the and at harvest, while native plants remain in place even after they die.

B. Because crop plants are food, they need more mineral nutrients than native plants do.

C. Crop plants use mineral nutrients less efficiently than native plants do.

D. Crop plants have shallow root systems, and most of the mineral nutrients are on the surface.

Answers

Answer:

D. Crop plants have shallow root systems, and most of the mineral nutrients are on the surface.

Explanation:

According to the question, we are required to provide the best explanation for the given sentence which says that crop plants make use of more mineral nutrients than native plants.

Based on this sentence, the best explanation would be that crop plants have shallow root systems, and most of the mineral nutrients are on the surface.

I need help in an instant please! I'll give brainliest (:

Answers

Best guess is the 3rd one

An emerging disease is an infectious disease that has not previously been
found in humans. Which of the following is an example of an emerging
disease that has originated in the past 50 years?
A. Cancer
B. HIV/AIDS
C. Malaria
D. Influenza

Answers

Answer:

HIV/AIDS

Explanation:

could be considered found and made

Answer:

C. HIV/AIDS

Explanation:

Because it is right.

Punishment and reinforcement are often confused with each other, especially when the positive and negative are involved. Respond to parts 1 and 2 below. Define, as simply as you can, reinforcement and punishment. Explain how one might accomplish reinforcement and punishment through the use of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Include examples where appropriate.

Answers

Answer:

1. Reinforcement is when a reward is given or a bad stimulus is removed to make a specific behavior increase in frequency. A punishment is the addition of an unwanted event or the removal of a wanted stimulus in order to decrease a specific behavior.

2. Positive reinforcement is when a reward is added to increase a behavior, like giving a reward for returning a lost wallet. Negative reinforcement is when you remove an unwanted stimulus, like not nagging a child when they do their chores. Positive punishment is when you add an unwanted stimulus to stop the behavior, like spanking a child when they're bad. A negative punishment is when you remove a wanted stimulus, like taking away video games when the student hasn't done their homework..

Explanation:

DOES ANY PLAY ADOPT ME ON ROB.LOX! I would love to play with u if u wanted to! But this weekend plz only answer if u play rob.Lox adopt me and plz tell me your best pet and user name! And u better be good at the game if u answer! I am pretty. Rich! AND STAY ON THE PAGE I RESPOND QUICK!ONLY ANSWER IF YOU PLAY!!! PLZZZZ PEOPLE only answer if your rich too

Answers

Answer:

i used to play but i stopped cause ppl like u who don't like me cause i wasn't rich :/ also I grew up

Answer:

I was rich then I get h    a      c  k 3 d

Explanation:

​After the vice president, next in the line of succession is _____________, followed by _____________.

Answers

Answer:

Speaker of the House of Representatives, then the President Pro Tempore of the Senate.

Explanation:

Which of the following statements about exponential growth curves is true?
A)Exponential growth curves are common for R-selected species.
B)Exponential growth curves show fast growth rates followed by slow growth rates.
C)No organisms in nature experience exponential growth rates.
D)Exponential growth curves are S-shaped.

Answers

Answer:

A)  Exponential growth curves are common for R-selected species.

Explanation:

I took the test. :)

16) UNIT PROJECT
Complete one of these projects.
A. Take a personality profile assessment test to determine your strengths and
weaknesses. (Ask your teacher for help in locating one if necessary.) Then, write
short- and long-term goals to improve your weaknesses and write short- and long-
term goals to build on your strengths. Describe your values and standards and tell
how they will impact your goals.
B. Make a list of the items you would like to have. Afterwards, go through the list and
categorize which items would be considered needs and which would be wants. Then,
write a short essay on the reasons for these decisions,
Make sure to proofread and edit your work before you turn it in.
This essay question counts 30% of your lesson grade.
- AA- A
B
i
Font Family
IC

Answers

B because because because because

Read the recipe for making brownies.

1 egg
1/2 cup of softened butter
2 cups flour
1 cup sugar
1 cup of sweetened cocoa
2 teaspoons baking soda
1 teaspoon salt

1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees.
2. Mix the eggs and butter in a bowl until smooth.
3. Add the flour, sugar, cocoa, baking soda, and salt to the bowl.
4. Mix the ingredients until thick and creamy.
5. Pour the mixture into a 9x12-inch non-stick baking dish.
6. Bake for 25 minutes.

A way to keep the brownies from burning is

O using a larger baking dish.
O using a smaller mixing bowl.
O decreasing the baking time.
O decreasing the amount of butter.

Answers

Decrease baking time

But increasing the baking dish size would also help by making the density less

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Trust me on this, also can I have brainlest?

I hope you do well!


Bill and Jane are currently raising their 12-year-old fraternal twins Jeremy and Melinda. Both children attend school, plays sports, and have a few friends in the neighborhood. However, Bill and Jane are both concerned and curious about how both Jeremy and Melinda transitioned into adolescence much earlier than their peers; Jeremy begin at age 12 and Melinda began at age 10. They are curious as to how their son and daughter will develop as they grow and impact of their early onset adolescence.

Explain how Lawrence Kohlberg’s Postconventional Stage will impact Jeremy’s development?

Answers

The post-conventional stage will impact Jeremy's perspective as he can then see or view  the world in a deeper light. Jeremy will get  more knowledge and he will be have a lot more  developed thought process in terms of different subject matters.

What is Postconventional level of moral development?

This stage of moral development is known to be the level where a person is said to go beyond the views of his or her own society.

The Postconventional level of moral development is known to be the stage where the person that is at the stage have more Morality that her or she can use to apply to any kind of situations and the societies at large. This stage will impact Jeremy as he will have more foresight, knowledge and have better thought process on any subject matters.

Learn more about  Lawrence Kohlberg from

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How does dermal tissue play a key role in transpiration?

Answers

Answer:

Dermal tissue of the stems and leaves is covered by a waxy cuticle that prevents evaporative water loss. Stomata are specialized pores that allow gas exchange through holes in the cuticle. Unlike the stem and leaves, the root epidermis is not covered by a waxy cuticle which would prevent absorption of water.

Explanation:

A population distribution shows __________. A) the distribution of age groups within a population B) the amount of organisms in a unit area C) the total number of organisms in a population D) where and in what arrangement organisms are located

Answers

Answer:

UU UU u umm mm mm mm it's D

Answer:

d.

where and in what arrangement organisms are located

Explanation:

Every map projection has some degree of distortion because
A
a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion
B
parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe
the grid system is two-dimensional, while the real world is three-dimensional
D
Earth is not a perfect sphere
E
latitude lines are shorter than meridian lines

Answers

A - a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

Every map projection has some degree of distortion because A a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

How to explain the map projection

A curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion. This is because a flat surface has only two dimensions, while a curved surface has three dimensions. When you try to project a three-dimensional object onto a two-dimensional surface, some of the information is lost and some of the features are distorted.

The other options are not correct. Parallels and meridians do cross at right angles on a globe, the grid system is two-dimensional, Earth is not a perfect sphere, and latitude lines are not shorter than meridian lines.

The correct option is A.

Learn more about map

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I have been sitting on a chair for the last 3 years, now the chair is growing into me. i feel refreshed

Answers

Answer:

These is not a question, right?

Explanation:

Answer:

hi

Explanation:

Under Akbar, the Mughal Empire supported

Hindus and Christians.
Hindus and Sikhs.
Muslims and Buddhists.
Muslims and Christians.

Answers

Answer:

Under Akbaar, the Mughal empire supported

Hindus and Sikhs

Answer:

b

Explanation:

What happens when two galaxies approach each other?
A. They form a black hole.
B. They merge because of the strong gravitational pull they exert on each other.
C. They shred each other into smaller galaxies.
D. They form a supernova.
E. They repel each other away because of their strong gravitational pull.

Answers

Answer:

D and sometimes A

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer would be:

B.

They merge because of the strong gravitational pull they exert on each other.

#PLATOFAM

Have a nice day!

100 POINTS!!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!
Use this image to answer parts A, B, and C of the question that follows.
a) Explain ONE way the event depicted in the image reflects political change in the western Pacific in the late 19th century.
b) Explain ONE way the event depicted in the image reflects economic change in the western Pacific in the 19th century.
c) Explain ONE way the event depicted in the image changed the relationship between European powers and Japan in the late 19th century.

Answers

Answer:

it changes rhe way of battle on the sea

Which of the following psychologists explained the development of conditioned emotional responses?

Garcia
Bandura
Pavlov
Skinner
Watson

Answers

Answer:

Watson :)

Explanation:

John Watson and Rosalie Rayner

John B. Watson explained the development of conditioned emotional responses. Therefore, option E) is correct.

What are conditioned emotional responses?

The term conditioned emotional response can be referred to specific learned behavior commonly used in classical or Pavlovian conditioning research. It can also be called "conditioned fear response (CFR)."

It can be described as an "emotional response" that results from classical conditioning, from the association of a neutral stimulus with a painful or fear-inducing unconditional stimulus. For example, if seeing a dog is paired with the pain of being bitten by the dog, seeing a dog can become a conditioned stimulus that elicits fear.

John B. Watson and Rayner demonstrated similar fear conditioning in the Little Albert experiment. B.F. Skinner and William Kaye Estes were the first to use this term and demonstrated the phenomenon with rats. They were trained food-deprived rats to lever-press for food pellets. Periodically, a tone was presented, for a small time, which co-terminated with an electric shock to the metal floor.

Learn more about conditioned emotional responses, here:
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In which area would a unitary system work best?​

Answers

Answer:

Unitary system is best suited for small states or homogenous states with similar regions as in the case of Zimbabwe where there is a population of about 13 million people.

Explanation:

Although political power may be delegated through devolution to regional or local governments by statute, the central government may abrogate the acts of devolved governments or curtail (or expand) their powers. A large majority of the world's states (166 of the 193 UN member states) have a unitary system of government.

Answer:

A nation state with a strong sense of national pride or identity

What was an effect of Akhenaton’s religious reforms?

The economy and military became weak.
Priests were supportive of the new religion.
People accepted the worship of only one god.
The priests became the least powerful class in Egypt.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

It is argued that his religious reforms resulted in monotheism -- one god. It is not agreed that this statement is really true, but I think it is your best answer.

A: is not known.

B: is not clearly stated.

C: is likely the answer

D: in ancient times was never true, or I cannot give an example of it.

Answer: If I did my calculations correct it’s A.

Which of the following areas has the greatest linguistic fragmentation?

Answers

Answer:

Political dominance and conversion.

Explanation:

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