Answer:
1)_ a living thing, too small to be seen without a special instrument (microscope), that causes disease in people, animals and plants
2)_ instructions that are put into a computer program in order to stop it working properly and destroy information
The symbiotic relationship
between a flower and a bee is...
A. parasitic.
B. mutualism.
C. commesalism.
Over the last 540 million years, icecaps covered at least one of the Earth’s poles during three intervals. what are those 3?
The fluctuation in the time and intensity of Light is the primary cause of the Ice Age, or the prolonged period of harsh winter. Because the sun's light has such a strong impact on the atmosphere and general environment of the earth's surface.
After a short period of time, the Andean-Saharan cold age (460 to 430 million years ago) led to the widespread extinction of organisms. The majority of the earth's surface was covered by vegetation. As it was also stated that the subsequent ice age was brought on by this large amount of plants. As it round the earth's poles.
The Karoo Ice Age, which lasted from 360 to 260 million years ago, functioned quite similarly to the present.
We are currently experiencing this ice age, which started when Antarctica froze over 14 million years ago. because ice caps cover the earth's poles.
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14.
List of Terms:
A) Asia
B) Africa
Europe
North America
America
South
Middle East
3启面正西至395
1
15
G
Atlantic Ocean
H) Pacific Ocean
D
Indian Ocean
Southern Ocean
Mediterranean
Sea
16
18.
GLOBAL MAP
20
21.
19
17
22.
23.
24
25
Answer:
g
Explanation:
Over hunting of a species by humans can cause evolution to occur due to
natural selection
mutation
founder effect
Immigration
bottle neck effect
Over hunting of a species by humans can cause evolution to occur due to option E: bottle neck effect.
What is the bottleneck effect in regards to biology?The bottleneck effect is known to be a term that describes how a population's size is first decreased as well as then increased and how this changes how genetic variation is distributed among its members.
Note that When a population is drastically reduced in number, genetic drift is said to manifests itself most dramatically in a phenomenon known as the bottleneck effect.
Hence, Natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, as well as fires) can completely devastate a population, killing the majority of species and leaving only a few, haphazard survivors in their wake.
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Can someone help fill this table out
The first line non specific defence = skin, mucus, saliva, Normal flora, mucosal membrane, cilia, sebum, sweat, fever.
The second line non-specific defence= eosinophils, complement, macrophages, interferon(IFN), IL-1, phagocytosis, neutrophils and basophils.
The third line non-specific defence = B-cells, Th1 CD4+ T cells, IgA, IgE, IgG, Th2 CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and IgM.
What is immune line of defence?The immune line of defence is defined as the three basic means that is being used by the body to fight and prevent the entry of foreign organisms into the human body.
The first line of non specific defence with their various functions include the following:Skin: protects underlying internal organs of the body.
Mucus: provides lubrication
Saliva: contains lysozyme that kills microorganisms in food.
Normal flora: fights against invading microorganisms.
Mucosal membrane: lubricates and protects underlying organs.
Cilia: helps to remove unwanted substances from the body to the exterior.
The second line non-specific defence:Eosinophils: white blood cell the fights infection.
Complement: they opsonize pathogens and induce a series of inflammatory responses
macrophages: This is a phagocyte.
interferon(IFN): flights against opsonized microorganisms.
IL-1: flights against opsonized microorganisms.
phagocytosis: removal of microorganisms through engulfing.
Neutrophils: white blood cell the fights infection.
Basophils: white blood cell the fights infection.
The third line non-specific defence:These are made up of cells that has been produced towards the elimination of a particular specific antigen of a microorganism. They include the following:B-cells, Th1 CD4+ T cells, IgA, IgE, IgG, Th2 CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and IgM.
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What is one thing this is predicted to happen in the future (over the next 100 million years) based on the movement of the plates?
The solid crust of the Earth that we walk on is made up of fragments that make up its outermost layer. The tectonic plates, move across the globe at a rate of a few centimeters per year.
How would you define crust?The term "crust" refers to a planet's outermost ring. Oceanic crust is younger and denser than continental crust, which is older and thicker. Plate tectonics provides insight into the dynamic geology of the crust of the Earth.
The Earth's crust is where?The thin outer layer of rock that makes up the Earth's crust accounts for less than 1% of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top half of the lithosphere, which is made up of the crust as well as the upper portion of the mantle and is a division of the layers of the Earth.
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HELP ASAP PLEASE
Maria has started a new diet that consist of consuming many fruits and vegetables each day. She is at your office to make sure that this new diet will aid in her goal of losing 10-20 lbs.
As a doctor. you will need to describe to Maria how a food molecule travels through the cell. Create a response to Maria that explains how a food molecule will pass through different organelles on its way to being hydrolyzed and converted into usable energy.
* You must use at least 4 organelles in your explanation to Maria.
The four organelles through which the food molecule is hydrolyzed and converted into usable energy are Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria , Ribosomes.
Cellular respiration
The process of converting glucose into a form of energy (ATP) that is useable by cells.The organelles involved in it are:
1. Nucleus
The nucleus, a substantial organelle that houses the cell's DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), is referred to as the "command center" of the cell . All of the cell's functions, including growth and metabolism, are controlled by the nucleus. Thus, it commands cell to uptake the glucose.
2. Cytoplasm
The glucose when comes in cytoplasm undergoes glycolysis to form 2 molecules of pyruvate.
3. Ribosomes
These are protein forming substances and help in cell metabolism.
4. Mitochondria
The 2 molecules of pyruvate then goes inside the mitochondria to undergo TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle) which ultimately lead to the formation of ATP.
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The ability to roll your tongue is caused by a dominant gene (R). If you can't roll your
tongue, you are a non-roller and must be homozygous recessive (rr). If our trait of interest
is INABILITY to roll your tongue, in a Pedigree, A homozygous dominant female is
represented
by a(n):
A)Unfilled square
B)Unfilled circle
C)filled square
D)filled circle
The ability to roll the tongue is due to a dominant gene (R). If you cannot roll your tongue, you must not have curly hair and be homozygous recessive (RR). If the trait we're interested in is the inability to roll the tongue, then homozygous dominant females are represented by (n):D) filled circles on the pedigree.
Homozygous for a particular gene means that you inherited the same mutation. This is another heterozygous genotype in which the allele is specific. People with recessive tendencies, such as blue eyes or red hair, are consistently homozygous for this gene. If the two mutations are different, they are heterozygous for that gene.
For example, being heterozygous for hair color means having one red hair allele and one brown hair allele. The relationship between the two alleles affects the changes expressed. Homozygous and heterozygous are phrases that can be used to describe pairs of alleles. People who carry the same allele (RR or rr) are called homozygous. Just as a human organism with a unique allele (Rr) is said to be heterozygous.
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all of the following are benefits of establishing a territory except
All of the following are benefits of establishing a territory except the "owner of the territory has exclusive rights to the food found there and is denoted as option A.
What is a Territory?This is referred to as an area of land, sea etc or a geographical area as a whole which is controlled by someone or may be connected to a country, persons, or animal.
A territory comprises of different types of different types of organisms and it reduces competition fro resources such as nests as a result of lesser organisms being present in the area due to territorial demarcation and differences.
The owner of the territory does not have exclusive rights to the food found there and has to work for it or follow due processes in getting it which is the reason why option A was chosen.
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The options are:
The "owner of the territory has exclusive rights to the food found there.Territory provides better protection from environmental factors such as extreme temperature or drought.Competition for nesting sites is reduced.There is some degree of safety afforded to the young raised thereWill Give Brainiest.
Is the coloring of the peppered moths an example of competition, differential reproductive success, or inherited variation
Answer:competition
Explanation:
Engineers who work for a museum would like to make a model of a blue
whale using a scale of 1:20. If a blue whale averages 20 m in length, how long
will the model be?
O A. 1 m
OB. 10 m
OC. 400 m
D. 20 m
The enzymatic process illustrated here shows which kind of reaction?
This image illustrates an Anabolic process.
What is Anabolism?The group of metabolic mechanisms known as anabolism create molecules out of smaller building blocks. These processes, commonly referred to as endergonic reactions, demand energy. In contrast to catabolism, which is the breakdown process, anabolism is the process of constructing. Usually, anabolism and biosynthesis are used interchangeably.Catabolism, in which big molecules are disassembled into smaller components and subsequently consumed in cellular respiration, fuels anabolism. Adenosine triphosphate is broken down to power a variety of anabolic activities (ATP).Organs and tissues are built through anabolic processes. These processes result in the development, differentiation, and expansion of cells as well as a rise in body size. The development and mineralization of bone and increases in muscle mass are two examples of anabolic processes.To learn more about Anabolism, refer to:
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I need help with this please
The human body have an estimated amount of 600 to 650 muscles. There are three main types of muscles (skeletal, smooth and cardiac). Therefore, the correct alternative is the one with the number 650.
12. The pairing of purines with pyrimidines to create a double-stranded DNA molecule is called What?
Base pairing is the process of combining purines and pyrimidines to form a double-stranded DNA molecule.
Meaning of base pairing:Pay attention to how it sounds. (Payers Bays) On the two opposing strands of both the DNA double helix are molecules called nucleotides that interact chemically. These chemical connections, which act as rungs on a ladder, hold the two DNA strands together.
What types of bases pair with pyrimidines?The two main pyrimidine bases found in DNA are cytosine and thymine, which base pair (see Watson-Crick Pairing) with guanine as well as adenine (see Purine Bases) correspondingly. Thymine is swapped out for uracil and base pairs are switched to adenine in RNA.
Why do bases pair?Between the nucleon-bases of the respective nucleotides, hydrogen bonds are created to establish base pairing. Bi and Bj must be in the interaction range for hydrogen bonding to form.
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What is the meaning of life and why do we live
In my mind the meaning of life is just to have fun and live it to the fullest, and for why do we live, well if your asking like what created us or how we came to be that I don't know but if your asking why to keep going then I'd say just for the shower thrill of not knowing what will happen tomorrow, could be a normal day, could be a bad one, and heck you could end up getting $1mil, you just never know
Think of a place on Earth where you would like to live or visit some day. Write down a description of the climate there and the various factors you think might influence that climate. Think about the reasons why you chose those particular factors as important contributors to the climate.
The presence of methane or carbon dioxide in the air is associated with climate because they function as greenhouse gases that trap heat from solar radiation into the atmosphere.
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or methane are able to alter the global climate because they do not allow the dispersion of heat from solar radiation into space, thereby increasing global temperatures.
Therefore, we can conclude that greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide or methane) may alter the global temperature and therefore the concentration levels of these substances in the atmosphere are indicative of climate conditions.
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Sahana used to use fertilizer frequently on her farm in the United States, but now she uses less fertilizer. What does this MOST likely indicate?
Question 10 options:
She has a harder time obtaining fertilizer now than in the past.
She has decreased the number of acres that receive fertilizer.
The fertilizer she uses now is more efficient than what she used in the past.
She is decreasing the number of acres that she is planting because it isn't profitable anymore.
Sahana used to use fertilizer frequently on her farm in the United States, but now she uses less fertilizer. This most likely indicate that She has a harder time obtaining fertilizer now than in the past.
Fertilizers that are used for agriculture purpose are significant source of nutrient for plants , but when it is used in higher quantity it can cause water pollution. fertilizers reduces quantity of oxygen in the water that can make survival of marine life very difficult .
Fertilizers used in agriculture are main source of nutrient pollution to water. Components like nitrogen and phosphorus escape from agricultural fields and collects in water bodies becomes the largest sources of pollution to coastal zones across the United States.
Hence, A is correct option
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Which term best describes the change from more light-colored moths to more dark-colored moths?
Evolution describes the change from more light-colored moths to more dark-colored moths.
Evolution- Changes in heritable traits—an organism's hereditary characteristics—are the means through which organisms evolve. For instance, eye color is a heritable feature in humans, and a person may get the "brown-eye trait" through one of their parents.
Therefore, evolutionary biology enables us to understand not only how and why species have evolved into the forms they have, but also the processes that are currently modifying or changing them. A characteristic of evolution which is becoming more and more crucial in terms of the scientific input to societal challenges is the ability to adapt to change.
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what abiotic and biotic factors describe a biome
Biome is described as a large community of flora and fauna occupying major habitat . That consists of abiotic and biotic factors.
Biotic factors are living things within an ecosystem mainly plants animal and microorganisms . A biotic factor comprises of living organism that shapes its environment. In a freshwater ecosystem, examples might include aquatic plants, fish, amphibians, and algae. While Abiotic factors are non living components that mainly consists of water soil and atmosphere .Abiotic factors that help characterize a biome include climate, temperature, humidity, soil type and amount of sunlight and the quantity of water that is available in the ecosystem .
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Open and closed systems are complete opposites of one another. All of the following are examples of open systems EXCEPT which
one?
O A pressure cooker
O A pot of pasta boiling on the stove with no lid
O A human being breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
O A fresh cup of hot coffee with no lid
The system that is not an example of an open system is the pressure cooker.
What is an open system?Let us recall that both the open and the closed systems are the types of thermodynamic systems that we have. In effect, we could say that there are actually about two kinds of thermodynamic systems and these are the open system and the closed system. The open system is the system min which there is an exchange of materials and energy with the external environment while in the closed system, there is no exchange of material and energy with the external environment.
Having said this, whet we now have to look out for is the system where we do not have an exchange of material and energy. That sort of system does not qualify as an open system.
As such, the pressure cooker is a closed and not an open system.
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Provide information on the weather and climate of your biome Taiga
Give five abiotic factors and five biotic factors in your Taiga
Provide an example of how an abiotic factor affects a biotic factor in your biome.
Provide a food web for your biome starting with the Earth’s primary source of energy.
Provide examples of how humans are affecting your biome Taiga
Provide a conclusion of the ways humans can help protect your biome Taiga
The taiga is an important biome for the earth because there are many valuable species and clear waters there.
What is a Taiga?The taiga is a biome that is characterized by having coniferous forests, being one of the largest forest masses on the planet.
How is the weather and climate in the Taiga?The weather and climate of the taiga are characterized by being cold during most of the year, with temperatures ranging from 19°C to .30°C. Despite being cold, the rain pattern is not abundant because it averages 450mm.
What biotic and abiotic factors are there in the taiga?The biotic factors of the taiga are:
Fish, birds, mammals, humans and plants.The abiotic factors of the taiga are:
Rocks, water, snow, ice, winds, acid soil.How does an abiotic factor affect a biotic factor in the taiga?The abiotic factor that affects all the biotic factors of the taiga is water, since it is a necessary resource for the life of these organisms.
Taiga food web exampleIn the taiga everything begins with the ground, where plants and grass grow, this grass is used to feed some mammals such as reindeer and deer; these deer serve as food for other predators such as pumas, finally these pumas die and their remains become nutrients for the soil.
What effects is the human causing to the Taiga?The human relationship with the taiga dates back to prehistory. However, during the last time it has caused a negative impact because it has contaminated the crystal clear water that is there. Additionally, the felling of trees has been exceeded, which has affected other species that live there.
How can humans take care of the Taiga?Humans can take care of the taiga by implementing good sustainable practices with the environment. Avoid cutting down trees and not polluting the water.
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do you think that the incubation period of all the animal is same? why?
Answer:
no
Explanation:
incubation varies for different species.
An organism's ability to maintain a constant body temperature is due to:
A. The hydrogen bond between water molecules.
B. The hydrogen bond between water molecules and the amount of heat that must be
absorbed to change its temperature by one degree Celsius.
C. Water has a high heat of vaporization which explains this ability to maintain a
constant body temperature.
(need help asap. thank u so much)
Answer:
B
Explanation:
water has high specific heat value
Even if the density seems to be altering the effect of temperature, the degree of hydrogen bonding decreases as the temperature rises. Thus, option B is correct.
What role of hydrogen bond to maintain body temperature?The movement of molecules, or their kinetic energy, is measured by temperature. The temperature rises as the motion and energy levels rise.
The body's water plays a crucial role as a thermoregulator, controlling body temperature by assisting in heat dissipation.
When the body becomes too hot, water is lost through sweat, and heat is removed from the body when this sweat evaporates off the skin's surface.
Therefore, The hydrogen bond between water molecules and the amount of heat that must be absorbed to change its temperature by one degree Celsius.
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2) State three economic importance and mode of infection of cestode and trematode
Both Cestode and trematode have mode of infection as consumption of contaminated food. Cestode is acquired by ingestion of meat from hosts and trematode is via contaminated food like raw fish, crustaceans, etc.
What are Cestode’s economic implications?These tapeworms are the least helpful creatures. But these tapeworms also have a very limited economic impact. These tapeworms contribute to the harvesting of soil’s increased fertility through a natural process. These worms function as organic fertilizers.
What is the Cestode’s mode of infection?Meat from intermediate hosts is frequently consumed in order to acquire adult cestodes. Eggs of origin can cause an extraintestinal infection with larvae. Identification of eggs and segments (proglottids) in feces is used to diagnose an adult cestode infection.
What method does a trematode use to spread infection?Humans become infected by foodborne trematodes after eating tainted food (raw fish, crustaceans or vegetables. Infection can induce severe liver and lung illness, which together are thought to account for 2 million years of life lost to disability and death globally each year.
What distinguishes a trematode from a cestode?Cestodes lack a digestive tract and have a tape-like, segmented body. Trematodes have an imperfect digestive system and resemble leaves. Cestodes typically need two hosts, whereas trematodes typically need three, to complete their life cycles.
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Match the following structures and functions to the prokaryotes, please.
According to the options displayed, the answers are:
cytoplasm --> water based, jelly like substance within the cell.
nucleoid region --> contains the DNA
cell wall --> maintains shape
capsule --> surrounds cell wall and protects
flagella --> locomotion
pili --> hair like structures for DNA exchange
cell membrane --> primary barrier
four effects of muscle contraction.
Answer:Isometric: A muscular contraction in which the length of the muscle does not change. isotonic: A muscular contraction in which the length of the muscle changes. eccentric: An isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens. concentric: An isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens
Explanation:
Need assistance on these question, any help is appreciated!
1. The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes many cases of cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. There is a vaccine that protects against the strain that causes cervical cancer, but it is not certain that same vaccine protects against oropharyngeal cancers. What experiments could medical professionals perform to best determine the effectiveness against oropharyngeal cancers?
A) Randomly assign a number of young adults to either a group to be vaccinated or a non-vaccinated group and record the incidence of cervical or oropharyngeal cancers in each.
B) Compare the incidence of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers in people who have been vaccinated and those who chose not to be vaccinated.
C) Vaccinate many people and compare the incidence of cervical cancers to the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers.
D) Compare the incidence of cervical cancers and oropharyngeal cancers in the general population.
4. The calcium that triggers muscle contraction is stored in the
A) motor neuron.
B) plasma membrane of cells.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) mitochondria.
Any help is appreciated, thanks!
1.) The experiment that the medical professionals would perform to best determine the effectiveness against oropharyngeal cancers is to compare the incidence of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers in people who have been vaccinated and those who chose not to be vaccinated. That is option B
4.) The calcium that triggers muscle contraction is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum. That is option C.
What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?The human papillomavirus (HPV) us a type of virus that belongs to the family non-enveloped DNA viruses that are being transmitted during intercourse.
The human papilloma virus is known to be the main cause of cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer which can be prevented through the use of vaccines.
To check the effectiveness of these vaccines, two variables are used:
Dependent variables: This is the set of individuals that has received vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV).Independent variables: This si the set of individuals that has chosen not to receive a vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV).Therefore the effectiveness of the vaccine is being observed when the incidence of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers in people who have been vaccinated and those who chose not to be vaccinated are compared.
The calcium that triggers muscle contraction is stored in the specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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What is it about Neasles that requires a high vaccination rate to prevent deaths?
Which organism breaks down dead and dying waste in an ecosystem?
A. herbivore
B. detritivore
C. omnivore
What’s the correct answer answer asap
Answer:
B
Explanation:
skeletal muscles could get weary or sore if subjected under too much movements.