What is the role of NADPH in CO₂ reduction?

Comparison between Human and bird digestive system have various similarities such as small and large intestine but differences in organs to such as a birds have a crop, a proventriculus and a gizzard while humans do not have these organs.

The functions performed by organs in a bird varies with organ in human. A crop has a function where food is stored before being digested. It lies below esophagus. A proventriculus tube is a muscular tube that connects crop into the gizzard. It secretes acid to breakdown food chemically. Gizzard is a muscular sac below proventriculus consist of small rocks that helps grinds food because birds cannot initially chew food like mammals.

In humans, mouth and stomach are responsible for storage of food. Glands in stomach lining secretes acids and enzymes that initiate breakdown of food.

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Answer:

Jjuiii

Explanation:

Hyuu8757u5

Answer:

torcularis septentrionalis

Explanation:

a binary star in the constellation of pisces, its visible to the nake5d eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.27. based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.67 mas as seen from the earth, the system is located roughly 280 light-years from the sun.

Why do sharks avoid Dolphins?

Made of very strong and thick bone, dolphin snouts are biological battering rams. Dolphins will position themselves several yards under a shark and burst upwards jabbing their snout into the soft underbelly of the shark causing serious internal injuries. More than Peas in a Pod.

Will could be the father of this child.

Describe the types of blood

A, B, AB, and O are the four primary blood types (groups). The genes you inherited from your parents decide what blood group you will be.

Eight different blood types exist, and each one can either be RhD positive or RhD negative.

Each biological parent donates one of their two ABO alleles to their child. A mother who is blood type O can only pass an O allele to her son or daughter. A father who is blood type AB could pass either an A or a B allele to his son or daughter. This couple could have children of either blood type A (O from mother and A from father) or blood type B (O from mother and B from father).

Hence Will could be the father of this child.

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All the potential processes (meiosis and cytokinesis) are completed but the daughter cell could have missing or extra chromosomes if the cell received a stop signal at this checkpoint but was able to continue to anaphase anyway.

The cell checks whether each sister chromatid is appropriately connected to the spindle microtubules at the M checkpoint, also known as the spindle checkpoint. The cycle won't continue until every chromosome is firmly linked to at least two spindle fibers from opposite poles of the cell, as the separation of the sister chromatids during anaphase is an irreversible process. The cell's internal signaling pathways are activated or inactivated by a group of essential proteins by the m checkpoint, which is one of the internal and external stimuli that advances the cell cycle.

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The correct answer from among the conditions above which will definitely result in the lowest rabbit population is ample land, harsh winters.

The correct answer choice is option D.

It is not surprising that ample space is very essential for the growth and development of any population of species of living organisms. However there are certain conditions tok which an ample space or surplus space can come with which will still reduce population of species.

Rabbit population can be reduced to its lowest even in a surplus or plentiful land if the weather conditions is not favorable for their growth, development and population. A hash weather conditions such as harsh winter or harsh cold can reduce the population of species of rabbit population.

In conclusion, harsh weather conditions like very cold factors can impede the rise of rabbit population in a given habitat or environment.

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Answer:

male produce xx and xy chromose

so, xx for male and xy for female

the correct option is ( b )

Answer: (Option D) Insulin is most directly related to homeostasis.

Explanation: Homeostasis is the ability to maintain balance of body against a change in the environment. Insulin is a harmone which controls the glucose level in the blood. If the glucose level is high in the blood, the insulin gives message to the liver to absorb glucose from the blood and when glucose level is low, the liver released glucose into the blood. So insulin helps in the homeostasis of the body.

The plants and snails build larger carbon-based molecules from sugars the plant produce during photosynthesis. Option D.

Photosynthesis is a biological process during which plants make use of inorganic substances to make carbohydrates. The inorganic molecules are water and carbon dioxide and the process is powered by solar radiation from the sun.

When plants make carbohydrates in the form of sugar, they utilize them to make other carbon-based molecules and grow as a result.

Snails are not able to synthesize sugar on their own. Instead, they feed on plants and make use of the sugar synthesized by plants to build carbon molecules. The molecules are then used to build cells and tissues in order for the snail to grow.

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The constituent substances of air are water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen.

The major constituents of air are Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon dioxide gas because they are present in large amounts. The composition of the atmosphere i.e. air mostly consists of nitrogen and oxygen and also contains small amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases like helium, neon, methane, krypton, and hydrogen. The major constituent of air is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% of other gases, dust particles, impurities, and water vapor. Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, argon, and carbon dioxide take up about 99% of the composition of air.

So we can conclude that water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen are present in the composition of air.

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The steps for a Gatorade vs Water experiment include the following:

Obtain parental permission in writing for all subjects

Step 1: Conduct the test for Gatorade:

         a. Prepare drink for the subject

  i. Wash hands in clean water

  ii. Pour the liquid into a  a clean measuring dish,( glass is preferred ) and measure out 250-ml

  iii. Pour liquid into a clean disposable paper cup

       b. Let the subject drink the 250ml of liquid being tested.

 c. Take time interval of 20-40 minutes  

 d. Have the subject sit down for 2 minutes

 e. Measure the pulse rate at the carotid artery  and record your data

 f. Repeat procedures d and e

 g. Let the subject do 8 inch step-ups for 4 minutes

 h. Take the pulse rate and record your data

 i. Repeat procedures for g and h

Step 2. Conduct the water test. Repeat the step 1 with all other subjects.

Repeat all of step 2 with the same subjects using water instead of Gatorade.

Step 3 . Calculate the average for all the pulse rate data for each liquid.

An experiment can be described  as a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.

Gatorade provide the carbohydrate and electrolytes needed for high intensity workouts.

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The reason that groundwater a vital point for freshwater storage is option A. It constitutes approximately 30% of Earth’s freshwater.

Groundwater as well as surface waters are known to be the two primary ways to get fresh water. Groundwater is seen as water that is seen under or beneath the earth's surface and can be taken or obtained in a variety of ways.

Note that Groundwater is an essential source of freshwater because it makes up some big part of the freshwater on Earth. Groundwater is a vital supply of freshwater for areas that does not or are unable to gain access to other water sources, such as those that are said to be experiencing droughts.

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ATP molecule and ADP molecule are macromolecules containing phosphorus. They are very important in photosynthesis.

Once the salivary amylase reaches the stomach the acids present in the stomach neutralize the salivary amylase and the breakdown of carbohydrates is ceased.

One of the numerous enzyme systems in digestion and other biochemical processes is amylase. The class of chemicals known as enzymes helps organisms' chemical reactions go more quickly.

Chemical reactions inside the cells of living beings could not take place without enzymes. In the absence of these reactions, organisms would not be able to carry out essential life processes including cell division and food digestion. Enzymes are therefore crucial to the existence and wellbeing of all living organisms.

Since scientists first began studying enzymes in the early 1800s, amylase has played a key role in human history. It was originally known as disgust, but in the early 1900s, the name was changed.

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Explanation:

Non-Mendelian inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits that have a more complex genetic basis than one gene with two alleles and complete dominance.

Answer:All biological reactions within human cells depend on enzymes. Their power as catalysts enables biological reactions to occur usually in milliseconds

Explanation:i hope this helps :)

Enzymes are proteins that aid in the acceleration of metabolic processes, also known as the chemical reactions that take place in our bodies without which an organism will perish.

Proteins are known as enzymes, and they play the role of biological catalysts by speeding up chemical reactions. The molecules on which enzymes may act are referred to as substrates, and the enzyme is responsible for converting the substrates into different molecules, which are referred to as products.

Enzymes are necessary for digestion, proper functioning of the liver, and many other bodily processes. Both an excess amount of a particular enzyme and a deficiency in that enzyme can be harmful to one's health. The enzymes that are found in our blood can also assist medical professionals in the diagnosis of illnesses and injuries.

Therefore, it can be said that  "without proper enzyme functioning, an organism will perish".

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food, water, timber, air purification, soil formation and pollination

The top will be the smallest:

Heart Cell

Cardiac Tissue

Blood, Heart, Blood vessels

Circulatory System

Whole Human Person

If a species has 42% adenine, then 42% of thymine will have.

The four nucleotide bases that makeup DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (T).

Adenine nucleotides on one strand pair with thymine bases on the other strand in a double-stranded DNA molecule. Information in DNA is encoded by the arrangement of the four nucleotide bases.

Because hydrogen bonds can only form in specific configurations, A is always paired with T, and G is always paired with C.

The Chargaff rule states that adenine concentration equals thymine concentration. The [T] will consequently likewise be 40% if [A]=40%. However, this rule only applies to double-stranded DNA molecules.

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The M stage of the cell cycle is where cell divide into two cells and is denoted as option A.

This is referred to a type of cell division in which the parent cell produces two identical daughter cells while meiosis involves the production of four unique daughter cells.

In cell division, the mitotic phase which is denoted as M phase , the cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm thereby resulting in the formation of two new cells and two major processes are involved and they include:  

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This is how abiotic factors limit the dynamic of community-

The ecology of high altitudes, especially the alpine forest, has historically been thought to be dominated by abiotic causes. Altitude, regional climate, and orographics can all have a significant impact on sunlight, temperature, water, and gas-phase nutrients (such CO2 and O2) (e.g., maritime vs. continental mountain ranges). In addition, a number of elements, including as solar and long-wave radiation, wind, and ambient humidity, that affect the energy balance and temperature of leaves may also change with elevation.

Abiotic components or abiotic factors or variables are non-living chemical and physical elements of the environment that have an impact on living things and the health of ecosystems in biology and ecology. Biology as a whole is supported by abiotic causes and the phenomena that go along with them.

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The ways in which anthropologists work to protect endangered primates, such as this highly endangered northern muriqui are introduce primates raised in captivity into new environments in the wild, study primates in their natural environments, work with local communities in areas where endangered primates live.

It is important that we study endangered species in their natural environment so that we come to know what are the essential requirement of these organisms for survival. By providing these requirements, organisms can be moved to places where they can be better able to reproduce and live.

The primates that became andangered because of raising them in captivitiy shall be moved to open environments where their growth can flourish.

The local communities of the areas where endangered species are present can help us know what were the reasons for a species to become such low in number.

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Answer: You, like many other organisms, need oxygen to live. As you know if you’ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long, lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out, and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death. But have you ever wondered why that’s the case, or what exactly your body does with all that oxygen?

As it turns out, the reason you need oxygen is so your cells can use this molecule during oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration. Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.

So, where does oxygen fit into this picture? Oxygen sits at the end of the electron transport chain, where it accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water. If oxygen isn’t there to accept electrons (for instance, because a person is not breathing in enough oxygen), the electron transport chain will stop running, and ATP will no longer be produced by chemiosmosis. Without enough ATP, cells can’t carry out the reactions they need to function, and, after a long enough period of time, may even die.

In this article, we'll examine oxidative phosphorylation in depth, seeing how it provides most of the ready chemical energy (ATP) used by the cells in your body.

Overview: oxidative phosphorylation

Simple diagram of the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the matrix, NADH and FADH2 deposit their electrons in the chain (at the first and second complexes of the chain, respectively). The energetically "downhill" movement of electrons through the chain causes pumping of protons into the intermembrane space by the first, third, and fourth complexes. Finally, the electrons are passed to oxygen, which accepts them along with protons to form water. The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.

Simple diagram of the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

In the matrix, NADH and FADH2 deposit their electrons in the chain (at the first and second complexes of the chain, respectively).

The energetically "downhill" movement of electrons through the chain causes pumping of protons into the intermembrane space by the first, third, and fourth complexes.

Finally, the electrons are passed to oxygen, which accepts them along with protons to form water.

The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.

Explanation:

The structural proteins are those proteins that are known to provide support to body structures. The types of structural proteins found in the body are keratin, collagen, and elastin.

The protein is one of the major classes of food that has the major function of repairing worn out tissues of the body.

The various type of protein include the following:

Storage proteins, and transport proteins.

The types of structural proteins include the following:

Keratin: The structural protein that provides support for the hair and nails.

Collagen: The structural protein that provides support for the for the muscles and bones.

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Most biological enzymes within cells are regulated by molecules such as activators and inhibitors during which the final product of a metabolic pathway competes with the substrate for the of an enzyme at the beginning of the pathway.

Molecular substances such as the activators and the inhibitors help to regulate the activities of enzymatic activities which occurs within the cells of living organisms. These substances does this by increasing the activities of the metabolic activities or by slowing them down.

That being said, enzymes are biological substances which helps to speed up the rate if chemical or biochemical reactions in living organisms.

So therefore, enzymes which helps to catalyze reaction rate in living cells are usually, frequently and most of the time regulated by molecular substances such as activators and inhibitors.

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The enzyme catalase cannot be found in a paper clip because the enzyme is only produced by the liver of living cells.

Catalase is the enzyme found in the liver that catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to molecular water and oxygen.

According to this question, it is impossible for a paper clip to contain the enzyme catalase because it is produced by the liver, which is an organ that is found only in living cells.

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In 2012 there were 18 white tailed deer and 7 coyotes on the Upper Santa Cruz River is an example of quantitative data and is therefore denoted as option C.

This is referred to as the type of data which is quantified and is usually expressed in numbers, percentages etc rather than  descriptive words or phrases. An example of this type of data include the length, breadth, the number of species present in a place etc.

This type of data can be measured and in the answer given we can deduce that the data consists of numbers such as 18 white tailed deer and 7 coyotes which have been counted by the individual which is different from the remaining options.

This is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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Answer:

FRT target sites,

flp recombinase,

cas9 enzyme,

spo11,

a synthetic homologous chromosome

Explanation:

hope it helps

Not every gene has a dominant or recessive form. Each allele in the gene pair may occasionally carry equal weight and manifest as a composite physical trait.

The building blocks of life are genes. They include instructions for constructing particular molecules and proteins that control how the body develops and functions and enable human cells to function. Additionally, they influence how certain physical traits and attributes, like hair or eye color, are expressed.

One copy is passed down to them by their mother through the egg, while the other is passed down by their father (via the sperm). The 23 chromosomes in each egg and sperm are all found in one pair. When the sperm fertilizes the egg, two copies of each chromosome and two copies of each gene are produced, resulting in the development of an embryo.

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The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and organic molecules found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions.

The oxidative phosphorylation process, also known as the electron transport chain, is a collection of four protein complexes that combine redox events to produce an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in mitochondria. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another

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