what is the substrate for a antigen and b antigen synthesis?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The blood group A antigen is synthesized by an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate, while the B antigen is synthesized by a galactosyltransferase that uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

Answer 2

The substrate for A antigen is N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate and the substrate for B Antigen is galactosyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

What are Antigens?

Antigen is any substance which is recognized as foreign particle by the immune system. It is also known as Immunogens. It triggers the Immune system. Antigens can be endogenous, exogenous or autoantigens. Some examples of antigens are pollen, bacteria, viruses, etc.

There are three types of antigens which includes

1. Exogenous antigen - It is foreign to the immune system

2. Endogenous antigen- It is produced by intracellular bacteria and virus which replicates inside the host cell.

3. Autoantigens- It is produced by the host.

Antigen-presenting cells help the immune system triggers its attack. There are three types of antigen-presenting cells in your body. They are

1. Macrophages

2. Dendritic cells

3. B cells

Thus, the substrate for A antigen is N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate and the substrate for B Antigen is galactosyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

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Related Questions

Identify the correct statement regarding metabolism.
A. Excess carbohydrates in the diet can be converted into amino acids by the body.
B. Excess amino acids can be converted into body fat.
C. Excess alcohol intake cannot be converted to and stored as body fat.
D. Excess carbohydrates can be stored as glycogen but cannot be converted into
body fat.

Answers

Answer:

D Excess carbohydrates can be stored as glycogen but cannot be converted into body fat.

Explanation:

The correct option is D. Excess carbohydrates can be stored as glycogen but cannot be converted into body fat.

What is carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are the energy source of the body. They give energy in the form of ATP. When we consume excess carbohydrate it will be stored in the form of glycogen.

Excess of glycogen is stored in the body. Whenever energy is required to the body, that glycogen is broken down and gives energy to the body.

There are two main types of carbohydrates:

Sugars. They are also called simple carbohydrates because they are in the most basic form. Starches. They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together.

Therefore, The correct option is D. Excess carbohydrates can be stored as glycogen but cannot be converted into body fat.

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Can someone help me please?
Brainstorm a way to make a dangerous sport less dangerous. Describe your solution completely and explain the effects it will have.

Answers

Answer:

Basketball is very rough and I know because I have played for 7 years. We should have more protection on our legs and maybe our arms because we do fall a lot and have to defend which gets very physical. I mean some do where knew guards but I think it should be a requirement

Explanation:

how long can you have appendicitis symptoms before it bursts?

Answers

Answer:

You would last 3 days with appendicitis symptoms.

Appendicitis causes severe abdomen pain.

I hope this helped at all.

Calculate the number of times a person’s heart will beat if the person lives 75 years. Assume that the average heart beats 70 times per minute. Then calculate how many times an overweight person’s heart will beat in 75 years, assuming their heart beats an additional 10 beats per minute. Using
your calculation, explain why being overweight can put additional strain on the heart.

Answers

Answer:

because the extra weight can cause your heart to suffocate and not have room to pump be cause of all the fat it has over it

brooooooooo i just cut my hair in one spot like really short and its really noticeable hellllp meeee im going to be introuble

Answers

Answer:

get a new hair cut to make it less noticeable or wear a hat or hoodie

Explanation:

no capwhat bro said^

PLS FAST!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!! 30 POINTS!! About one-third of Americans will suffer from an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. About one-quarter will experience a serious depressive episode. Although therapy can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, many people do not seek professional help.
What internal factors might make people more or less likely to seek help? Internal factors might include the person’s mood, thought patterns, energy levels, feelings of hopelessness, attitudes toward mental health providers, and so on.
What external factors might make people more or less likely to seek help? External factors might include time, cost, the attitudes and expectations of friends and family, and so on.
Given these factors, what changes in our society might lead more people to seek help?

Answers

Answer:

Acceptance, many people don't seek help as a result of society making people believe it isn't normal.

Explanation:

This is a question for help. Are you okay? Be honest, If you need encouraging words or someone to just read it. I will be here for you.

Answers

Answer:

Thanks. I got your back too.

Explanation:

whose responsibility is it to keep ladders in good condition?

Answers

It’s Supervisors job

Simplify the following expression 6p-3q+4r-2p+4s+6q​

Answers

Answer: 9q + 4r + 4s + 4p

Explanation:

This problem utilizing an essential part of later math: combining like terms.

If two terms have the same variable, their coefficients may be added just like any constants.  As such, you can simplify the equation as follows:

3q + 6q + 4r + 4s + 6p - 2p

9q + 4r + 4s + 4p

Hope it helps :) and let me know if you want me to elaborate.

4p +3q +4r + 4s is the simplified version

is banning on smoking in restaurants health protection or health promotion

Answers

i would say it’s a health protection although i can also see how it would be a health promotion
Health protection,Please don’t somke guys

the inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the

Answers

Answer:

Cardiac Sphincter

Explanation:

The lower esophageal sphincter, or gastroesophageal sphincter, surrounds the lower part of the esophagus at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach. It is also called the cardiac sphincter or cardioesophageal sphincter, named from the adjacent part of the stomach, the cardia.

Which of the following statements BEST describes alcohol? A. It is an illegal drug. B. It is only legal for people age 18 and older. C. It is only legal for people age 21 and older. D. It is always legal to use alcohol. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D.

Answers

Answer:

It depends on where you live. It is either B or C

Explanation:

Where I live (Canada) it is legal for people 18 and older, but in America it is 21 and older!

Just depends where you are from.

Hope this helps :)

The statements that best describes the alcohol is that it is only legal for people age 21 and older and it is always legal to use alcohol. Thus, option B and C are correct.

What is polyhydroxyl alcohol?

The condition whenever we have several[tex]C-OH[/tex] bonds, we have a polyhydroxyl alcohol. For example, if we have just one alcohol group, that is, an [tex]R-OH[/tex] group, then the naming is simple, say, we have [tex]EtOH,[/tex]it's ethanol.

The glucose and ethanol similar in structure and function as the ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

When the aldehyde ethanal begins to form which will be evident by the change in the colour of solution from orange to green, then the mixture should be distilled from the test tube and tbethe aldehyde collevted so that it doesn't undergo additional oxidation into ethanoic acid.

Therefore, The statements that best describes the alcohol is that it is only legal for people age 21 and older and it is always legal to use alcohol. Thus, option B and C are correct.

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a triage team is assessing a client to determine if reported chest pain is a manifestation of angina pectoris or an mi. the nurse knows that a primary distinction of angina pain is?

Answers

Answer:

Relieved by rest and nitroglycerin

Explanation:

Rationale: One characteristic that can differentiate the pain of angina from a myocardial infarction is pain that is relieved by rest and nitroglycerine. There may be some exceptions (unstable angina), but the distinction is helpful especially when combined with other assessment data.

in most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the ________ glands.

Answers

Answer:

salivary glands

Explanation:

hope this helps!

THIS IS SCIENCE I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF CORRECT

A scientific model A. has to be a physically constructed item. B. is a workable explanation of what the scientist thinks is happening. C. is something a scientist makes in his spare time. D. always gives the right answer to a scientific question.

Answers

Answer:

The answer would definitely be B. I'm afraid I don't know how to explain my answer other than I know that that is correct, sorry.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

THIS IS SCIENCE I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF CORRECT

Which of these is not an example of applying the Creation Mandate? ridiculing a secular scientist because he believes that the earth is 4.5 billion years old launching a satellite to improve communication creating a device to measure earthquakes building a dam to reduce flooding

Answers

Answer:

I know it's, 'Ridiculing a secular scientist because he believes that the earth is 4.5 billion years old.'

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

launching a satellite to improve communication

what problems are likely to occur in adulthood in individuals born at a low birth weight?

Answers

Answer:

Lower IQ, shorter stature, educational disadvantages, and obesity.

Explanation:

I hope this helped!

The nurse is planning the client assignments for the day. Which is the most appropriate assignment for the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?​

Answers

Answer:

A client who requires frequent ambulation.

Explanation:

I hope this helped!

the wall of the eye has three layers. the outermost fibrous layer is made up of the opaque white sclera and the transparent __________.

Answers

Answer:

palpebrae

Explanation:

have a wonderful day!! :)

Tobacco Addiction





















Which example shows a psychological dependence for tobacco?


A person needs more cigarettes to achieve the same feeling.


A person becomes extra hungry without a cigarette.


A person's body chemically needs the drug.


A person needs to have a cigarette to feel happy.

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Psychological means it’s a mental thing, therefore I think the answer would be D.) A person needs to have a cigarette to feel happy.
The rest are more of physical affects.

Because

is not a reason to reject frozen food.

Answers

I’m confused on the question??

What does RS mean in the medical office

Answers

RS Medical Abbreviation. 12. RS. Respiratory System. Diagnosis, Healthcare, Occupational Therapy. Diagnosis, Healthcare, Occupational Therapy. 7. rs. Retinoschisis.

why is drinking a lot of alcohol in a relatively short period of time overwhelming for the body?

Answers

When you drink, your liver breaks down alcohol and removes it from your blood. However, too much alcohol in a short period of time can overwhelm the metabolism process and lead to fatty liver. Fatty liver is a chronic condition that involves the buildup of bad fats in the liver.
It can lead to alcohol poisoning and can damage your liver trying to break down the alcohol. Alcohol poisoning is fatal, it can lead to throwing up and choking on the vomit, urinating on oneself, unconsciousness, inability to walk, and talk. Please mark as brainliest!

Which of the following questions could you ask the consumer to help determine if they are enrolled in PACE or another SCO plan?

Answers

The Program of All-inclusive Care for the elderly (PACE) simply means a long-term care delivery innovation to prevent the unnecessary use of hospital.

You didn't provide the questions. Therefore, an overview of the PACE and SCO program will be given. Senior Care Options (SCO) simply means a comprehensive health plan which covers all of the services that are normally paid for through MassHealth and Medicare.

It should be noted that the senior care options plan provides services to the members through a senior care organization and its network of providers. For the PACE program, one has to be 55 years or older and live in the service area of the organization.

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What is a symptom of too much stress over a long period of time?

-insomnia

-hallucinations

-elevated antibodies

-low-grade fever

Answers

Insomnia, please mark as brainliest!!

which lobe of the brain is responsible for visual information?

Answers

I think the occipital lobe

It is reasonable to assume that nations with a low total fertility rate (TFR) and a modest amount of population growth are in __________ of Warren Thompson's demographic transition model. A. Stage 1: balance B. Stage 2: growth C. Stage 3: leveling D. Stage 4: replacement Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D.

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

if fertility rates are low, population will start to level out.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Why does my throat hurt when I wake up

Answers

Eating unhealthy sticky foods for example chocolate late at night with no water or refreshments

What does FAST stand for in relation to strokes?

O Fast Action Stroke Test

O Face Arms Speech Time

O Face Arms Shoulders Toes

O Fast Actions Save Time

Answers

Answer:

The acronym FAST (Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, and Time) has been used by the National Stroke Association, American Heart Association, and others to educate the public on detecting symptoms of a stroke.

so the answer is B Face Arms Speech Time

Answer:

Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, and Time

so your answer is B Face Arms Speech Time

Explanation:

what is the best source of energy to fuel your body and brain?

Answers

Answer:

Carbohydrates are the preferred fuel for most cells in the body. Our main energy source, carbs are important for fueling the body and brain, protecting our muscles and feeding the bacteria in the gut

Explanation:

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