Answer: The correct answer is logical
Explanation: Logical possibility refers to a logical proposition that cannot be disproved, using the axioms and rules of a given system of our own logic.
Critically discuss in detail the following challenges faced by the police service in South Africa, presenting your argument answer with examples wherever possible.
• Job stress
•Police fatigue
•Violence and brutality
•Corruption
The following essay about the challenges faced by the Police Service in South Africa is Analytical Essay. See the sample below.
Challenges Faced by Police Service in South Africa.Many outcomes of job-related stress have been documented by police personnel, including the following:
skepticism and suspicionemotional detachmentdecreased efficiencyearly retirementjob-related stressexcessive aggressionalcoholism and other drug abuse issuesmarital or other family difficulties.According to the Police Service Authority, the well-being of police officers must be central to any functional police service, not only for the simple reason of providing adequate protection to officers but also because a police service works best when its primary agents feel safe enough to do their job.
APS reports that between April 2016 and March 2017, there were 6,002 police officers (equivalent to 0.3% of the total number) were injured in the line of duty. 2,617 required medical attention but had no temporary disability, and 3,251 require medical attention and have some type of temporary disability.
During the same period, 80 officers are at risk of permanent disability, and 54 police officers have been seriously injured responsibility. Analyzing the causes of death on the way to work and home shows that there are road traffic accidents.
From the above, it is right to state that the existence of less than ideal conditions exist which makes policing difficult in South Africa.
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When turning you should give the proper signal
What is the difference between robbery and burglary? And what are elements of robbery?
do you agree by that crime prevention could be answered only by one policing style,modell,approach, or strategy? yes or no.
No, crime prevention could not be answered only by one policing style, Model, approach, or strategy because there are varied crimes and all can not judge by one policing style, model, etc. Therefore in our constitutions varied laws, act and policies are mentioned.
What is crime prevention?
The first requirement of justice is prevention,
"Crime prevention" refers to techniques and tactics aimed at lowering the likelihood that crimes will be committed, as well as their potentially damaging effects on people and society, including the fear of crime, by intervening to affect their various causes.
It takes a multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary, and integrated effort to prevent crime.
There is clear evidence that well-planned crime prevention measures not only prevent crime and victimization, but also increase community safety and contribute to sustainable development of countries, the introduction to the Guidelines for the Prevention of Crime states. All citizens' lives are improved by effective, ethical crime prevention.
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Why is a strict liability tort more challenging to defend? It usually is accompanied by a separate criminal case. It is the type of tort that captures the most public attention The plaintiff does not need to prove all elements of negligence. The damages claimed by the plaintiff are impossible to measure.
In a strict liability case, whether a defendant was at fault is irrelevant. However, the plaintiff must show that the defendant's risky or inherently risky behavior caused the plaintiff to suffer damages or injuries.
What is a tort with strict liability?A legal doctrine known as "strict liability" holds a party accountable for their deeds or products without requiring the plaintiff to establish negligence or fault. Someone who engages in extremely risky activities, such as maintaining wild animals, using explosives, or producing substandard goods, may be held accountable if another person is hurt.
Strict liability crimes are distinct in that they would still hold the defendant accountable even if the defendant took the necessary precautions and followed safety regulations. The defendant should be able to anticipate that a person could be hurt by the activity given its nature.
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opic: Routine Activities Theory (Chapter 5)
Routine activity theory, like the related lifestyle-exposure theory, emerged as a key theoretical approach in criminology in the late 1970s. Routine activities refer to generalized patterns of social activities in a society (i.e., spatial and temporal patterns in family, work, and leisure activities). A key idea is that the structure of routine activities in a society influences what kinds of situations emerge, and changes in a society’s routine activities cause changes in the kind of situations people confront. Another key idea is that people act in response to situations (including when they commit crimes); therefore, the kinds of situations they encounter in their daily lives influence their crime involvement (and, as a result, influence a society’s crime rate), and changes in people’s exposure to situations may lead to changes in their crime involvement (and, consequently, changes in a society’s crime rate). When applied at the individual level, the routine activity approach has generally aimed to explain why a person is victimized, or offends, by explaining how his/her individual routines (lifestyles) bring him/her into contact with (or expose him/her to) situations conducive to crime. In terms of policy and prevention, the routine activity approach has mainly been linked to situational crime prevention and policing (for example, hot spots analysis).
For this discussion, consider that this theory, unlike most criminological theories, does not consider the motivation of the offender (it is assumed to exist). Instead, this theory focuses on factors like "capable guardianship" and "suitable targets" that can theoretically be impacted by individual and policy-level crime prevention strategies. Which approach (focusing on offenders versus focusing on targets) do you think has the greatest potential for reducing the crime rate? In other words, should crime prevention/reduction strategies focus on the offenders that commit crimes or the places and persons that are victims of crime?
Even though there are some approach that focus on offenders versus focusing on targets, the approach I think that has the greatest potential for reducing the crime rate is Subjective Approach.
Yes, crime prevention/reduction strategies should focus on the offenders that commit crimes or the places and persons that are victims of crime because it will help to know more about the reason for the crime.
What is a Subjective Approach in criminology?The Subjective Approach in criminology can be described as the approach that is been used in the process of solving criminal issues which encompass some factors that is needed to put in consideration when handling the criminal cases and these factors are : physical as well as the biological and mental traits because these will help to focus on the offenders and know more about them by asking and researching more information about them so as to be able handle the case.
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Article I, Section 2: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
Article I, Section 3: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
Which does it best represent? Choose 2
• the division of the legislature into two houses
• The Connecticut Compromise
• the election of senators by direct vote of the people
• the role of the president in carrying out the laws
• the role of the senate in approving or rejection presidential appointments
Answer:
Explanation:
lolololololololo
Does an officer have discretion when it comes to traffic enforcement? If so, how? If not, why?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Police must enforce traffic laws with the utmost discretion. The decision to stop the driver or, if there are numerous drivers, which one to stop is made by the police after they spot a violation. Additionally police procedures are not always clearly defined in law, and because a community's laws may differ from current norms, discretion is also required in law enforcement.
Hope this helps! :)
Brian was steering his 18 wheeler down a steep hill in the outside lane of westbound 1-80. Gradually his speed built up to over 85 mph. On the right angled curve at the bottom of the hill, the truck’s speed carried it into the inside lane where it side swiped JJ’s car and forced it into a guard rail. JJ lost control and his car veered across both eastbound lanes and into a concrete barrier. Thanks to a seat belt, an airbag, JJ’s injuries were minor, but his car was demolished. Did brian violate civil law or criminal or both?
Which rehabilitation programme would you apply to mr x if he were to be incarcerated and why do you think that programme will be effective in rehabilitation
The most recently developed theory of punishment is that of rehabilitation, which holds that the goal of punishment is to provide the offender with therapy and training so that he would be able to reintegrate into society and function as a law-abiding member of the community. I would prefer this type of rehabilitation programme for Mr.x.
Why is rehabilitation better than incarceration?Addicts who are in recovery usually conduct less expensive crimes. They are also typically arrested less frequently. The cost of obtaining addiction treatment is becoming more accessible thanks to healthcare reforms. Reduced expenses for law enforcement and the courts will result from declining crime rates and fewer arrests.
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Which statement is true about local laws?
O They are created by state leaders.
O They align to state but not federal law.
O They must be approved by Congress.
O They include city and county ordinces.
The true statement is about the local laws is they include city and county ordinces
Who makes local laws?
Regulatory Branch
The legislatures in each of the 50 states are made up of elected officials who take into account proposals made by the governor or by their own members to draft legislation that becomes a law.
State law establishes and regulates local governments, including those that rule over cities, villages, counties, and municipalities. State law ultimately determines how they can act in regard to other local governmental entities and the state government.
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________ force—the highest degree of force—is considered reasonable only when used to counter an immediate threat of death or great bodily harm
Answer:
deadly force
Explanation:
Deadly force—the highest degree of force—is considered reasonable only when used to counter an immediate threat of death or great bodily harm.
What is Deadly force?Any force that could potentially cause death or serious physical harm is referred to as deadly force. Its use may only be justified under the most extreme conditions, when all other choices have failed or are impractical.
A person is justified in using lethal force if they have a good reason to believe that doing so is necessary to stop an imminent threat to their own or another person's life, a serious physical injury to another person, or the forced commission of a crime.
Thus, it is Deadly force.
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Research use of force by law enforcement and write briefly on the prevalence of it and what factors lead to use of force. Summarize 2-3 articles. Remember to properly cite sources used.
The use of force by law enforcement is one where people who employ state power, including police and military personnel, may use force in law enforcement activities.
This use of force is primarily due to increase in crime rate and other forms of violence.
What is the use of force by law enforcement?The public and the law enforcement community are gravely concerned about the use of force by law enforcement officials. Daily interactions between officers and the public are numerous and varied, and when necessary, an officer may use force to carry out his or her duty. Officers need to be aware of and truly appreciate the boundaries of their authority.
Only the minimum amount of force required to defuse a situation, make an arrest, or safeguard the safety of others should be used by law enforcement officials. Lethal force, less-lethal force, and basic verbal and physical restraint are all included in the continuum of levels of force that police deploy.
Therefore, Depending on the circumstance, an officer may use varying degrees of force. Guidelines for the use of force are based on a variety of variables because of this diversity, including the officer's level of training or experience.
Citations
International Committee of the Red Cross.
International Association of the Chiefs of Police, Police Use of Force in America, 2001, Alexandria, Virginia, 2001.
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If you had to choose between a large sum of money or the option of doing what you think is best, by walking away from the money, what would you do?
If I had to choose between the two, the right decision is by walking away from the money I will be more at ease.
If I had to choose between a large sum of money or the option of doing what I think is best, by walking away from the money, I would choose the option of what I think is the best for me. It is because of the fact that if I have the liberty to take up what is best for me then it would mean I have freedom within myself and it helps me maintain my inner peace and well-being. This will be the right decision.
The option to choose what I think is the best will bring along the responsibility to choose the right option, but we should not fear the consequence. Social pressure can undoubtedly have a negative impact on our judgment, but there are times when it can also be used for good.
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You can technically drive up to nine miles over the speed limit without getting a ticket?
Answer:
no. 2 miles over the speed limit can get you a ticket
Explanation:
Critically discuss the structure and composition of south africas parliament
Answer:
ewan q sayo
Explanation:
wag mona sagutin
courts will enforce a liquidated damages provision as long as the actual amount of damages is difficult to ascertain and the sum is reasonable in light of the expected harm.
It is true that courts will enforce a liquidated damages provision if the actual amount of damages is difficult to determine and the total amount is reasonable in light of the expected harm.
A court considers two factors when deciding whether a liquidated damages provision is a penalty:
(1) the rationality of the dollar value specified and
(2) the complexity of deciding and asserting actual damages in the event of a breach.
However, a liquidated damage provision that is viewed as a "penalty" unconnected to any anticipated or actual loss is unlikely to be enforced by a court.
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The question was incomplete. Check below the full question.
courts will enforce a liquidated damages provision as long as the actual amount of damages is difficult to ascertain and the sum is reasonable in light of the expected harm. There are two general categories of remedies—legal and equitable.
Which of the following is a high risk area for compliance issues
Cyber Security and Data Protection is a high risk area for compliance issues. The development of technology has brought new difficulties and risks associated with compliance issues.
Although it can be challenging for organizations to consistently remain on top of these challenges, issues like risk area data protection and cybersecurity rank among the top worries in the compliance space. A campus activity (which could be a process, department, or function) is considered high risk if it poses risks to the institution's capacity to fulfil its goals and objectives, particularly those relating to compliance issues with all laws, rules, regulations, policies, and procedures. Fraud, theft, bribery, money laundering.
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The expression of this power is a citizen voting *
Anti-Federalist
Popular Sovereignty
Federalist
Confederation
Answer:
Federalist
Explanation:
The last act test is no longer in use because it makes it practically impossible for the police to prevent a substantive crime by arresting the offender for attempt.
It is a true statement that the last act test is no longer in use because it makes it practically impossible for the police to prevent a substantive crime by arresting the offender for attempt.
What is the last act test?In law, the last act test is used by looking at whether an attempt has occurred or at least by the time a person has performed all the acts believed to be necessary to commit the target offense. For instance, an attempted robbery does not occur until when the robber displays his or her gun and demands property.
So, this test is a common law test that is made to ascertain if the defendant did the final act which is necessary to commit an offense; it also helps to determines if there was an attempt of crime.
Complete words "The last act test is no longer in use because it makes it practically impossible for the police to prevent a substantive crime by arresting the offender for attempt. True/False"
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marijuana consumption is illegal on the federal level, yet states such as colorado, washington, oregon, and alaska have passed ballot initiatives that allow the commercialization of recreational marijuana. how are these state laws upheld given the supremacy clause of the u.s. constitution?
In this case the executive branch has cited "executive discretion"—a decision not to enforce federal law and instead allow states with popularly approved ballot initiatives to have recreational marijuana.
The executive branch is constitutionally charged with enforcing laws passed by Congress, but in this case has cited "executive discretion"—a decision not to enforce federal law and instead allow states with popularly approved ballot initiatives to have recreational marijuana.
The executive branch is in charge of carrying out and enforcing laws. The president, vice president, Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees are all part of it. The Supremacy Clause states that the United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that everything and everyone is subordinate to it.
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The Supreme Court case of ___________ extended the exclusionary rule to the states.
Answer:
Mapp v. Ohio
Explanation:
Supreme Court Extends Exclusionary Rule to the States
Then, in Mapp v. Ohio,18 the Court held that the exclusionary rule applied to the states.
Answer:
Mapp vs. Ohio
Explanation:
Teacher approved
Succinctly explain, with reference to the relevant authorities, the principle of constitutional democracy from a South African perspective.
The Republic of South Africa is one, sovereign, democratic state founded on the following values: (َ1) Human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms. (2) Non-racialism and non-sexism. (3) Supremacy of the constitution and the rule of law.
The Republic of South Africa is one, sovereign, democratic state founded on the following values: Human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms, Non-racialism and non-sexism and Supremacy of the constitution and the rule of law.
What is the history of South Africa?South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human-fossil sites in the world. Archaeologists have recovered extensive fossil remains from a series of caves in Gauteng Province.
The area, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been branded "the Cradle of Humankind". The sites include Sterkfontein, one of the richest sites for hominin fossils in the world, as well as Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave, Kromdraai, Cooper's Cave and Malapa. Raymond Dart identified the first hominin fossil discovered in Africa, the Taung Child in 1924.
Other hominin remains have come from the sites of Makapansgat in Limpopo Province; Cornelia and Florisbad in Free State Province; Border Cave in KwaZulu-Natal Province; Klasies River Caves in Eastern Cape Province; and Pinnacle Point, Elandsfontein and Die Kelders Cave in Western Cape Province.
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1. What is the best summary of the status of paid maternity leave policy in the Unites States?
a. Women are granted federally paid maternity leave across the United States, but men are not.
b. The United States is a world leader in pushing for paid maternity leave for female workers.
c. While some state laws grant it, generally the United States lags far behind the rest of the world.
d. Federal law grants paid “family” leave for both men and women in the United States.
Women are granted federally paid maternity leave across the United States, but men are not, is the best summary of the status of paid maternity leave policy in the Unites States.
A student spends three hours and $20 at the movies the night before a test. The opportunity cost includes both the time spent learning and the money that could have been spent leave policy elsewhere. Subject to the provisions of this Act, every woman is entitled to, and her employer is obligated to, pay maternity benefit at the rate of the average daily wage for the period of her actual absence immediately preceding and including the day of her delivery.
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Consumer protection comes from which of the following types of agencies?
Over the years, decades, and centuries, Consumer protections are developed to safeguard the public from toxic, defective, and dangerous merchandise. Food safety for instance is one consumer protection that
has been around since Biblical times.
Their area majorly three consumer protection agencies-
Consumer product safety commission(CPSC)-
Was aimed at protecting the general public “against unreasonable
risks of injuries related to shopper merchandise.”
Food and drug administration (FDA)-
The basis for controlling how food is handled and made has been with the U.S. Since the late eighteenth century.-
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-
Liable for guaranteeing the supply of meat, poultry, and egg merchandise area unit safe.
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If the laboratory can piece together broken glass from a window or
headlight, then the evidence has
…… characteristics. a: individual, b:class, c:comparative, d:identification
Answer:
it’s D
Explanation:
just took the test
Answer:
It is d because
Explanation:
You have to identify the glass if there is in finger prints or any idebtification
why does Madison choose these institutional structures and what is there impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of government?
The reason that Madison choose these institutional structures and what is there impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of government is that by allowing each level to focus on performing the duties of government, federalism results in more effective government.
Why did Madison create three branches of government for our nation?In Federalist 51, James Madison argued that "ambition must be made to combat ambition" such that each branch would work to curtail the authority of the other two branches in order to preserve its own authority. A structure like this makes coordinated action more challenging, but it also reduces the likelihood of dictatorship.
Madison advocated for a federal government from the beginning of the Constitutional Convention because he believed it would increase the "chance of duration, happiness, and good order" if it were larger than the states.
Therefore, Controlling their consequences is the remedy since, according to Madison, "the latent reason of faction are so sown in the constitution of man." He argues that while it wouldn't be viable in a pure democracy, it would be conceivable in a republic.
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2
QUESTION 1
What is a mechanism to exchange information and intelligence, maximize resources, streamline operations, and improve the ability to fight crime and terrorism?
O a. think tank
O b. intelligence station
O c. patrol room
O d. command center
e. fusion center
A mechanism to exchange information and intelligence, maximize resources, streamline operations, and improve the ability to fight crime and terrorism is: E. fusion center.
What is communication?Communication can be defined as a strategic process which involves the transfer of information (messages) from one person (sender) to another (recipient or receiver), especially through the use of semiotics, symbols, signs and network channel.
What is a fusion center?A fusion center can be defined as an effective and efficient mechanism that is designed and developed to enhance and facilitate the complete exchange of information and intelligence between two or more agencies of government.
Additionally, a fusion center helps invested or associated parties to achieve all of the following:
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Which phrase from the Constitution gives Congress implied powers of lawmaking?
O Supremacy clause
O Due process clause
O Expressed powers clause
Necessary and proper clause
Answer:
Necessary and Proper Clause.
Explanation:
Quote Article I, Section 8, Clause 18: [The Congress shall have Power...] to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or any Department or Officer thereof." [Emphasis added].
~
The Supremacy Clause establishes that the Constitution is "the supreme law of the land", and that if there are conflicts of interests with future laws, that the Constitution will take priority.
The Due Process Clause establishes that the government cannot casually take away the natural rights of a citizen unless authorized by the law. Essentially, the citizen would only relinquish their rights to life, liberty, and property if they willingly break laws set by the US government.
The Expressed Powers Clause establishes the rights given to Congress, which includes the power to create taxes for citizens, and to conduct foreign relations, such as treaties, maintenance of a military for foreign affairs, and regulation on foreign trade.
~
1.2 With reference to the relevant constitutional law authorities, succinctly explain the difference between parliamentary sovereignty and constitutional supremacy from a South African perspective, with particular emphasis on the role of the judiciary in democratic South Africa.
The ultimate source of legislative power is where parliamentary sovereignty and constitutional supremacy diverge most. It is the legislature in parliamentary supremacy; it is a state's constitution in constitutional supremacy.
What is meant by parliamentary sovereignty?A notion in the constitutional law of various parliamentary democracies is parliamentary sovereignty, often known as parliamentary supremacy or legislative supremacy. It asserts that the legislative body is superior over all other governmental entities, including the executive and judicial branches. The UK constitution upholds the notion of parliamentary sovereignty. As a result, Parliament is now the supreme legal authority in the UK, with the power to enact and repeal any law. In general, its laws cannot be overruled by the courts, and no Parliament may approve legislation that cannot be altered by subsequent legislatures.The idea of constitutional supremacy accords the constitution the highest power within a legal system. Stating this principle does not merely include listing legal requirements in ascending priority. The issue is more complex than just a clash of opposing norms.Hence, The ultimate source of legislative power is where parliamentary sovereignty and constitutional supremacy diverge most. It is the legislature in parliamentary supremacy; it is a state's constitution in constitutional supremacy.
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