Answer: The amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature by one Kelvin per kilogram. The heat needed to raise the temperature of a given substance with known mass can be calculated as follows:
ΔH=mCΔT
ΔH=Amount of heat energy supplied
m=Mass of the substance = 15 g
ΔT=Change in temperature = Tfinal−Tinitial = 250° C - 275.0°C = -25°C
C=Specific heat capacity = 2.02 J/g °C
ΔH=mCΔT
after putting the given values,
ΔH= -757.5 J
The formula also shows that heat energy is released (negative value) when the change in temperature is negative, i.e., when the temperature of a substance falls.
30 POINTS!
A 240.0 gram piece of copper is dropped into 400.0 grams of water at 24.0 °C. If the final temperature of water is 42.0 °C, what was the initial temperature of the copper piece? (5 points)
Specific heat of copper = 0.39 J/g °C
Group of answer choices
322 °C
345 °C
356 °C
364 °C
Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, the correct answer is las option: the initial temperature of the copper piece is 364°C.
CalorimetryCalorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
So, the equation that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:
Q = c×m×ΔT
where:
Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m.c is the specific heat substance. ΔT is the temperature variation.Initial temperatureIn this case, you know:
For copper:Mass of copper= 240 gInitial temperature of copper= UnknownFinal temperature of copper= 42 ºCSpecific heat of copper = 0.39 J/gC For water:Mass of water = 400 gInitial temperature of water= 24 ºCFinal temperature of water= 42 ºCSpecific heat of water = 4.18 J/gCReplacing in the expression to calculate heat exchanges:
For copper: Qcopper= 0.39 J/gC × 240 g× (42 C - Initial temperature of copper)For water: Qwater= 4.18 J/gC× 400 g× (42 C - 24 C)If two isolated bodies or systems exchange energy in the form of heat, the quantity received by one of them is equal to the quantity transferred by the other body. That is, the total energy exchanged remains constant, it is conserved.
Then, the heat that the copper gives up will be equal to the heat that the water receives. Therefore:
- Qcopper = + Qwater
- 0.39 J/gC × 240 g× (42 C - Initial temperature of copper)= 4.18 J/gC× 400 g× (42 C - 24 C)
Solving:
- 93.6 J/C× (42 C - Initial temperature of copper)= 30,096 J
- 93.6 J/C× 42 C- (- 93.6 J/C)× Initial temperature of copper= 30,096 J
- 3,931.2 J +93.6 J/C × Initial temperature of copper= 30,096 J
93.6 J/C × Initial temperature of copper= 30,096 J+ 3,931.2 J
93.6 J/C × Initial temperature of copper= 34,027.2 J
Initial temperature of copper=34,027.2 J÷ 93.6 J/C
Initial temperature of copper= 364 °C
Finally, the initial temperature of the copper is 364 °C.
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Answer:
the correct answer is 364
q = m * c * ΔT
where q is the heat absorbed or released, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
We can assume that the heat lost by the copper is gained by the water, so:
q(copper) = -q(water)
where the negative sign indicates that the copper loses heat while the water gains heat.
The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.39 J/g °C, so:
q(copper) = 240.0 g * 0.39 J/g °C * (T(copper) - 24.0 °C)
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g °C, so:
q(water) = 400.0 g * 4.18 J/g °C * (42.0 °C - T(copper))
Setting q(copper) equal to -q(water), we get:
240.0 g * 0.39 J/g °C * (T(copper) - 24.0 °C) = -400.0 g * 4.18 J/g °C * (T(copper) - 42.0 °C)
Simplifying and solving for T(copper), we get:
T(copper) = [(400.0 g * 4.18 J/g °C * 42.0 °C) + (240.0 g * 0.39 J/g °C * 24.0 °C)] / (240.0 g * 0.39 J/g °C + 400.0 g * 4.18 J/g °C)
T(copper) = 364.1 °C
Therefore, the initial temperature of the copper piece was 364.1 °C.
Hence, the answer is "364 °C".
Stoichiometry is possible due to _________.
A. Newton's three laws of motion
B. Law of Conservation of Mass
C. Law of Molarity
D. Law of Scientific Principles
Answer:
[tex] \sf{\blue{\fbox{B.{\green{ \: Law \: of \: Conservation \: of \: Mass}}}}}[/tex]
The manipulated variable determines the responding variable.
True
False
Clarice is doing a science experiment. She has a beaker containing 10 grams of sugar. She adds 5 grams of a mystery substance. After mixing the two together, a solid is produced and the container becomes very hot. No gases are released.
1. How many grams of the new substance should Clarice expect there to be in the jar at the end of the experiment?
2. What law supports this answer?
3. Explain how the law supports your answer.
1. The amount, in grams, of the new substance that Clarice should expect is 15 grams.
2. The law that supports the answer is the law of conservation of mass.
3. The law opines that mass is conserved in every chemical reaction.
What is the law of conservation of mass?The law of conservation of mass states that masses are conserved in chemical reactions. They can, however, change forms during the course of reactions.
In other words, if 10 grams of sugar reacts with 5 grams of another substance, the total amount of the final product should be the addition of the two masses. Unless parts of the reactants or products have been converted to something else that is not captured.
So, in the case of Clarice, the mass of the new substance that should be expected would be:
10 + 5 = 15 grams.
Since gases were not involved in the reaction and there is no mass loss in any other form. The mass of the final product should be 15 grams.
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The volume of a sample of hydrogen is 798 mL and it exerts 621 mm Hg pressure at 5.00°C. What volume does it occupy at standard temperature and pressure?
The volume does it occupy at standard temperature and pressure:
= 640mL
Which temperature is considered normal?In order to establish experimental measurements under uniform conditions and enable comparisons between several sets of data, standard pressure and temperature requirements must be met.
For what use does standard temperature?Standard temperature and pressure, or STP, is a set of parameters that scientists and engineers frequently utilize. Standard pressure is 1 atm, and standard temperature is 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit or 273.15 K). The characteristics of various gases, for example, are described using these values.
According to the given data:P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
You simply leave that variable out from the calculation if one of these values also isn't specified because it is assumed to be a constant.
When working with moles or grams, PV=nRT is employed. If you are given grams, you must convert them to moles before you start because n is the number of moles.
STP (standard temperature and pressure) P= 1atm
T= 273K
R= 0.08206 L-atm / mol-K
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
760*V1/273 = 621*798/278
V1*760*278 = 273*621*798
V1 = 640mL
The volume does it occupy at standard temperature and pressure:
= 640mL
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If the density of an object is greater than 1 g/ml, what does that mean?
Group of answer choices
The object is heavier than gold
The object will float in water
The object will either sink or float in water depending on its size
The object will sink in water
If the density of an object is greater than 1 g/ml, it means that the object will sink in water (option D).
What is density?Density is the measure of the mass of matter contained by a unit volume. It can be calculated by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume.
An object, usually solid, will float or sink in another substance (liquid) depending on its density. Water has a density of 1g/mL, which means that any object greater than 1g/mL will sink in water.
According to this question, the density of an object is greater than 1 g/ml, suggesting that it wIll sink in water.
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A certain volume of gas was heated from 0°C to 25°C. The degree of change in Kelvin is?
Answer:
25 K
Explanation:
298-273=25 Kelvin
What is the energy of a 4.25 x 10^8 Hz wave? *I'll reward Brainiest for the correct answer! I really need this, hah*
The energy of a 4.25 x 10⁸ Hz wave is 2.816 × 10-²⁵J.
How to calculate energy?The energy of a wave can be calculated by multiplying the Planck's constant by the frequency of the wave as follows:
E = hf
Where;
E = energy (J)h = Planck's constant (6.626 × 10-³⁴ J/s)f = frequency (Hz)According to this question, the frequency of a wave is given as: 4.25 x 10⁸ Hz. The energy can be calculated as follows:
E = 6.626 × 10-³⁴ × 4.25 x 10⁸ Hz
E = 2.816 × 10-²⁵J
Therefore, 2.816 × 10-²⁵J is the energy of the wave.
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The answer choices where it says “choose” all of them are float and sink
Help!
Answer:
Ebony: sink, float
Gold: sink, sink
Corn oil: float, float
Explanation:
Higher density is heavier than lighter density
the soaps, shampoos, and detergents, in addition to baking soda and washing soda, were diluted prior to use in the laboratory. a. why was it necessary to dilute these substances prior to determining their ph?
It is necessary to dilute the given substances prior to determining the pH because the concentrated solutions prevent contact with the pH meter and give lower values.
A solution's acidity may be determined by looking at its pH, which is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration. Pure water slightly separates into ions with roughly equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH) ions.
Detergents, soaps, and shampoos all include surfactants, and when they are concentrated, their activity prevents the surfactant from making adequate contact with the pH meter's electrode, resulting in readings that are a little lower than they should be. The pH is determined correctly when the surfactant activity is diluted in the solution.
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Which combination of elements will form an ionic bond?
O potassium and chlorine
O oxygen and fluorine
nitrogen and helium
• sodium and calcium
potassium and chlorine combination of elements will form an ionic bond.
What makes an ionic bond?Ionic bonding, a sort of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between two atoms or ions. sharply differing charges, is the main interaction that takes place in ionic compounds. Along with covalent and metallic bonds, ionic bonding is one of the fundamental forms of bonding. Atoms possessing an electrostatic charge are referred to as ions.Negatively charged ions are produced when atoms gain electrons (called anions). When atoms lose electrons, they produce positively charged ions (called cations). In contrast to covalence, this transfer of electrons is known as electrovalence.To learn more about : ionic bond
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The rectangular object below has a mass of 198,000 grams.
A) What is the volume of the rectangular prism?
B) What is the density of the object? (Round your answer to the nearest hundredths place)
C) What rectangular prism made out of ?
A. 0.225
B. 4.6 kg/m3.
C. These six faces are made of three pairs of congruent faces.
For an object to be a right-angled prism all six faces must be rectangular opposite faces must be equal, and cross-sections along the length must be equal. You can draw a rectangle on the paper, but you can also make a rectangular prism out of real materials such as wood. A right-angle prism is a three-dimensional object with rectangular faces. A right-angled prism is a cube if all the faces of the prism are squares.
Prisms are named for the shape of their faces. A right-angle prism is therefore a simple prism that has rectangles as faces. A closed three-dimensional shape, but based on two rectangles. A prism is a three-dimensional shape bounded by flat faces on all sides. Prisms have two types of faces. The top and bottom are the same and are called the base. Prisms are named after the shape of these bases. For example, if the base of a prism is triangular it is called a triangular prism.
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You're comparing three different atoms. Atom A has 9 protons in the nucleus, Atom B has 10 protons, and Atom C has 11 protons.
a. Which atom would be least likely to react with other atoms? Why?
b. Which would form a positively charged ion? Why?
Answer:
a. Atom B will be least likely to react with other atoms as it is contains 10 electrons in neutral state with E.C. : 2,8. Since it has an octet, it is stable and does not react with other atoms.
b. Atom C forms a positive ion. It contains 11 electrons in neutral state with E.C. : 2,8,1. To attain an octet, it will donate an electron to form a positive ion.
scientist are always learning new things. which of the following shows how scientists use observations to gain new understanding about the world?
The statement scientists have discovered new planets orbiting a star by detecting a wobble in the star's motion shows how scientists use observations to gain a new understanding of the world (Option A).
What is a planet's orbit?A planet's orbit is a route that a planet as a celestial body has around its star in a star system. The orbit of a planet can be detected by observing the light emitted by the star, which is fundamental for astronomers.
Therefore, we can conclude that scientists discovered new planets through the identification of features associated with star's movement in space (Option A).
Complete question:
Scientists are always learning new things. Which of the following shows howscientists use observations to gain new understanding about the world?
A. Scientists have discovered new planets orbiting a star by
detecting a wobble in the star's motion.
B. Scientists hope to learn more about how many stars are in space.
C. Scientists wonder if other planets can support life, and some
scientists wonder if there are aliens.
D. Scientists are familiar with some galaxies, but they do not know
how many galaxies exist.
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Please help me I am so confused. :)
The diagram model of emission lines four element could be the part of unknown star composition is C and D
Emission lines refer to the fact that glowing hot gas emits lines of light, whereas absorption lines refer to the tendency of cool atmospheric gas to absorb the same lines of light and when light passes through gas in the atmosphere some of the light at particular wavelengths is scattered resulting in darker bands
Here in the given data is unknown star and in that unknown element we have to chose which four element are match or seen as like unknown given sample so in the option the option c and d are as like as unknown sample because in the unknown sample the emission lines are same as in option c and d
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Which sample correctly identifies how mass, mole, and atoms are related?
Sample 1, because 11 protons have a mass of 11 grams which equals 1 mole and is 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 2, because half of the atomic mass would equal half of a mole and half of 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 1, because the atomic mass equals 1 mole which is 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 2, because 2 protons is 1 mole which equals 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
Sample 2 has correctly identifies how mass, mole, and atoms are related because half of the atomic mass would equal half of a mole and half of 6.02 x 10²³ atoms.
Atomic mass of Helium (He) is 4g. In the data, it is provided that the mass of He is 2g. It means helium with half of the atomic mass.
No. of moles = Atomic mass / Molar mass
No. of moles of He = 2 / 4 = 0.5
Thus, Helium with half of atomic mass would be equal to mass of half mole i.e., 0.5 mole.
A mole of a compound contains 6.02 x 10²³ atoms. So, half mole of helium would have half atoms i.e., 3.01 x 10²³ atoms.
On consolidating, Sample 2 correctly identifies the relationship between mass, mole, and atoms because half of the atomic mass would equal half of a mole and half of 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
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You are tasked with making a series of Furosemide calibration standards for analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection.
(a) Given Furosemide has a molecular weight of 330.7 g/mol, what weight of furosemide would you need to make a stock solution of 0.001 M (10-3 M) concentration ?
(b) How would you then make up a series of standards from this stock solution, of concentrations 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 and 10-8 M Furosemide?
When a molecule of oxygen moves from outside of a eukaryotic cell to eventually be reduced by complex iv of the electron transport chain, how many phospholipid bilayers does it need to cross?.
When entering from the outside of a eukaryotic cell, an oxygen molecule must cross three phospholipid bilayers before being reduced by complex iv of the electron transport chain.
The mechanism through which ATP generation is linked to the flow of electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the subsequent consumption of oxygen is known as oxidative phosphorylation. It is the last phase of cellular respiration which occurs in the mitochondria. The electron transport system is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and through a sequence of redox processes, electrons are moved from one member of the transport chain to another.
Therefore, we can conclude that during the electron transport chain, a molecule of oxygen must pass through three phospholipid bilayers, which are symbolized by the cell membrane and the external and internal membranes of the mitochondria.
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How much heat is required to heat 100 g of water is from 80.0°C to 85.4°C? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g°C.
The amount of heat energy required to heat 100 g of water from 80.0°C to 85.4°C is 2259.36J.
How to calculate energy?The amount of energy required to heat a substance can be calculated using the following formula:
Q = mc∆T
Where;
Q = quantity of heatm = mass of substanceC = specific heat capacity∆T = change in temperatureAccording to this question, 100 g of water is from 80.0°C to 85.4°C. The amount of heat energy can be calculated as follows:
Q = 100 × 4.184 × {85.4 - 80}
Q = 2259.36J
Therefore, 2259.36J is the amount of heat energy required to heat that amount of water.
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Which situation shows that work is done? i. caryl is reading book. ii. caryl is writing her assignment. iii. caryl is moving the chair across the room. iv. caryl is pushing the cart from the main lobby to the garage
IV. Carol is pushing the cart from the main lobby to the garage
Work is defined as the force exerted on an object that cause the displacement of the object
The amount of work done can be derived from the product of the force and direction of displacement.
I.e W = F ×
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In the manufacture of the fertiliser ammonium sulfate, the normal percentage yield is
86.5%. Assuming this percentage yield, calculate the mass of fertiliser that could be produced from 1870kg of ammonia. Calculate your answer in kilograms to 3 s.f. The equation for the reaction is given below.
H2SO4 +2NH3→(NH4)2SO4
1870 kg = 1870000 g of ammonia
We first have to find out how many moles of ammonia that is. To do this, we divide the grams of ammonia by the molar mass of ammonia (17.031 grams/mole).
1870000/17.031 = 109799.7769 moles of ammonia
From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of ammonia will produce 1 mole of fertilizer. So to find out how many moles of fertilizer 109799.7769 moles of ammonia would produce, we multiply that number by the ratio of (1/2). (We always put what we want to find or figure out in the numerator)
109799.7769 x (1/2) = 54899.88844 moles of fertilizer
To convert this into grams, we must multiply 54899.88844 moles by the molar mass of (NH4)2SO4 which happens to be 132.14 grams/mole.
54899.88844 x 132.14 = 7254471.258 grams of fertilizer
This is just the theoretical yield to calculate the actual yield, we multiply this number by the percentage given in the question.
7254471.258 x 0.865 = 6275117.639 grams of actual fertilizer
If we round to 3 sig figs and convert it into kg, we get:
6280 kg of (NH4)2SO4
Our school garden needs some ammonium fertilizer
prepare a fertilizer of ammonium salt,try to use NPK
To prepare ammonium fertilizer we will react ammonia gas with nitric acid to form a solution and heat also get released during this.
What is ammonium fertilizer and how it is prepared?We have always studied about fertilizer , and its uses back in our earlier classes.Fertilizers are used to sprinkle onto the plants for its either resistant or better growth expectation.Ammonium fertilizer have a significant role in the fertilizer industry pf agriculture as it is prepared by the three main component of the chemical life that is NPK.NPK goes for nitrogen, phosphorus, and K stands for potassium.All three can be used in combine for to produce considerable amount of ammonium fertilizer.To know more about fertilizer visit:
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If an msds identifies that a chemical is flammable what should you do?
A.keep the container sealed at the times
B.keep the chemical away from fire
C.dilute the chemical so it is less flammable
D.use another chemical that is not flammable
if the distance traveled from city "A" to city "B" is 625 kilometers, how many meters, cm and mm is that?
625 km
1 km = 1000 meters
625 x 1000 = 625000 meters
1 meter = 100 centimeters
625000 x 100 = 62500000 centimeters
1 cm = 10 mm
62500000 x 10 = 625000000 millimeters
two paragraph summary of why isn't the sun on fire?
please I need this one quick..
The Sun does not "burn" as we think of logs in a fire or paper burning. The Sun glows because it is a very big ball of gas, and a process called nuclear fusion is taking place in its core.
Nuclear fusion occurs when one proton smashes into another proton so hard that they stick together and release some energy as well. This energy then heats the other materials (other protons and electrons and such) nearby.
This heating eventually grows out from the center (or core) of the star to the outside, finally leaving the surface and radiating out into space to be the heat and light we know stars emit.
People, including scientists, sometimes say that the Sun "burns hydrogen" to make it glow. But that is just a figure of speech. Hydrogen doesn't burn, it fuses, into helium. So no oxygen is required!
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a 0.0718 mol sample of an unknown gas contained in a 2.00 l flask is found to have a density of 1.51 g/l. the molecular weight of the unknown gas is g/mol.
The molecular weight of the unknown gas is 42.06 g.
Find out the molecular weight of unknown gas.The idea is that the density of the gas tells you the mass of this gas that occupies exactly 1 L under some unspecified pressure and temperature conditions.
In this case, you know that the density of the gas was 1.51g/L.
This means that 1.51 g/L of this gas occupies exactly 1 L under the pressure and temperature conditions used in the experiment.
You are also aware that the total volume of the flask is 2.00 L. At this point, you can use the density of the gas to calculate the mass of gas required to fill the given volume with the sample.
[tex]2.00 L . \frac{1.51g}{1L} =3.02g[/tex]
You must now determine the mass of exactly one mole in order to determine the molar mass of the gas. Since you are aware that this sample contains 0.0718 moles of gas and weighs 12.5 g, you can infer that one mole will weigh that much.
[tex]1 mol. gas .\frac{3.02g}{0.0718} =42.06g[/tex]
As a result, the gas's molar mass can be expressed as molar mass = 42.06 g/ mol.
This indicates that 42.06 g makes up 1 mole of this gas.
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Given the equation ΔE = hc/ where h and c are constants, is the wavelength, directly or inversely proportional to the change in energy, ΔE?
λ is the wavelength, directly or inversely proportional to the change in energy, ΔE.
ΔE = hc/ λ
Here, h = planks constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength
Since h and c are constant.
ΔE = 1/λ
Hence, λ is the wavelength, directly or inversely proportional to the change in energy, ΔE.
Energy is the quantitative asset this is transferred to a frame or to a physical gadget, recognizable in the overall performance of work and inside the form of heat and light. strength is a conserved quantity—the regulation of conservation of power states that electricity.
Energy exists in lots of different forms. Examples of these are mild power, heat strength, mechanical energy, gravitational energy, electrical power, sound strength, chemical energy, nuclear or atomic energy, and so forth. each form can be converted or modified into the other forms.
Energy is absorbed to interrupt bonds and released when bonds are made. electricity adjustments in a reaction are calculated through bond energies and shown by power diagrams.
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calculate the concentrations of H2????????3, H????????3−, ????????32− ???????????? ????H− at equilibrium in a solution that was initially 0.10 m in ????????2????????3. H2????????3: K????1
Since total volume is 1.00 L, the number of intelligencers is equal to molar attention.
The equilibrium constant K c = ( H 2)( I 2)( HI) 254.4 = x × x(0.0400 −2 x) 254.4 =( x(0.0400 −2 x)) 254.4 =( x(0.0400 −2 x))
Equilibrium
When a system is in equilibrium, neither its internal energy state nor its state of agitation tend to vary over time. If a simple mechanical body suffers neither direct acceleration nor angular acceleration, it is considered to be in equilibrium; unless disturbed by an external force, this state will last forever. Equilibrium exists for a single flyspeck if the vector sum of all forces acting on it is zero.
A rigid body is said to be in equilibrium if, in addition to the nations listed for the flyspeck over, the vector sum of all ropes acting on the body equals zero so that its state of rotational stir does not change. This is how a rigid body is distinguished from a flyspeck by having the property of extension.
When modest, externally motivated deportations from an equilibrium result in forces that have a tendency to oppose the deportation and bring the body or flyspeck back to the equilibrium state, the equilibrium is said to be stable.
Examples are a weight that is suspended from a spring or a slipup that is placed face down on a position face. If the least deviation results in forces that tend to promote relegation, the equilibrium is unstable. A balanced ball bearing serves as an example.
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Correct question -
calculate the concentrations of H2, H3−, 32− H− at equilibrium in a solution that was initially 0.10 m in 2 3. H2 3: K1?
Students were asked to select methods to increase the rate of dissolving a solid. Which methods would increase the rate? Select all that may apply.
Select 3 correct answer(s)
1. Increasing the pressure so that a solid dissolves in the solution.
2. Shaking/stirring the mixture causing an increase in the rate of dissolution.
3. Grinding the solute to increase the surface area.
4. Decreasing the pressure so that a solid dissolves in the solution.
5. Increasing the temperature in order to increase molecule collisions.
5. Increasing the temperature to increase molecule collisions.
What factor increases the solubility of a solid in a solution?An increase in the temperature of the solution can increase the solubility of a solid solute. For example, a greater amount of sugar will dissolve in warm water as compared to in cold water. The size of solute particles, stirring of the solution and increasing temperature of the solution are the three factors that can affect the solubility of a solid in a solvent. Increasing the surface area of the solute will also increase the rate of dissolving in a solution as well as increase the temperature of the solvent. Stirring will increase the speed which also increases the rate of dissolving a solid solute in a solution which helps in attaining higher solubility.
So we can conclude that temperature is the factor that increases the solubility of a solid into a solution.
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Answer:
Increase temp
Shaking/ stirring
Grinding
Explanation:
Chatgpt hehehehe
I NEED AN ANSWER ASAP! THIS IS DUE TOMARROW! at room temperature and standard pressure nitrogen is a gas and water is a liquid explain how the interactions between molecules cause a difference in the state of nitrogen and water
Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule, N2 (subscript 2). It exists as a gas at room temperature because of the type of interactions with other identical molecules: weak intermolecular forces are present between the molecules, specifically temporary dipole-dipole interactions.
These interactions are the second weakest type of intermolecular force (Van Der Waals and Hydrogen Bonds are the other two with Hydrogen Bonds being stronger).
Now the reason why Nitrogen exists as a gas is because these weak intermolecular forces can be overcome with little energy. Therefore, at room temperature, Nitrogen exists as a gas.
Now if we wanted to get liquid Nitrogen (quite common in Science demonstrations) we would have to cool Nitrogen down to -195.8°C (77.35°K). The energy of the particles would decrease so much that the dipole-dipole interactions would be strong enough to hold the molecules of Nitrogen together in a liquid state.
Intermolecular forces such as dipole-dipole forces, London dispersion forces exist between molecules and these depend on strength of electronegativity of molecule. Intermolecular forces of attraction decides the states of a matter.
What is intermolecular forces of attraction?Intermolecular forces of attraction is force of attraction that make two molecule come closer. Intermolecular forces of attraction is directly proportional to the electronegativity of the molecule.
Intermolecular forces of attraction play an important role in deciding the states of a matter. Nitrogen is a gas because its molecule have vanderwaal force of attraction. Water is a liquid because its molecule have hydrogen bonding.
Therefore, intermolecular forces of attraction decides the states of a matter.
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