when the viral dna is incorporated into the host cells chromosome the viral dna is referred to as a

An action potential is produced when the membrane potential depolarizes.  An action potential cannot be initiated unless the membrane potential becomes less negative.

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DNA replication and cancer cell proliferation both came to an end during S phase.

Weight fluctuations, such as unanticipated growth or reduction. Skin changes like redness, yellowing, or darkening, as well as open wounds that aren't healing or changes to existing moles. changes to the bladder or bowel habits. breathing problems or a persistent cough.

Roche | Lung cancer is the most fatal cancer in the world. More people die from lung cancer each year than from breast, colorectal, & prostate cancers put together. 1 Despite the recent surge of novel, life-extending medications, lung cancer still has a high mortality rate.

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Answer:

Gringo

Explanation:

The three essential thoughts Mendel postulated regarding the transmission of traits from mother and father to offspring include:

1. An character carries two variations of genes in step with the trait.

2. the two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation so that every gamete receives a single allele in keeping with the trait.

3. tendencies exist in two paperwork -dominant and recessive.

He made 3 key choices approximately his experiments that played a crucial role in the development of his legal guidelines of inheritance management over breeding, use of purebred flowers, and statement of “both-or” tendencies that appeared in the simplest trade bureaucracy.

The important thing principles of Mendelian inheritance are summed up with the aid of Mendel's three legal guidelines: the regulation of independent assortment, the law of Dominance.

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Natural selection is the evolutionary operating force when organisms with certain heritable traits have an increased chance of survival and leave more viable offspring in a particular environment.

Natural selection refers to a non-random variation in reproductive output among replicating entities, frequently caused indirectly by variations in survival in a particular environment, which results in an increase in the proportion of advantageous, heritable traits within a population from one generation to the next. Natural selection is the consequence of the interaction of a few critical ecological and genetic factors.

As in the case of the development of antibiotic and pesticide resistance or the effects of excessive human predation, the situations in which such conditions occur are frequently of direct consequence to human health and well-being. One of the main mechanisms behind evolutionary change is natural selection, which is how adaptive traits evolve.

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Answer:

Explanation:, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated

Answer: Three events occur during interphase: G1 phase, S (synthesis) phase and G2 phase.

Meiosis refers to the initial nuclear division that takes place when gametes are formed.

What is meiosis?

In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis is a type of cell division that results in a reduction in the number of chromosomes throughout gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). Body (or somatic) cells in humans are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).

Each division has six stages, including prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of four gamete cells and a 50% reduction in the number of chromosomes inside the parent cell. To produce egg as well as sperm cells for sexual reproduction, this process is necessary.

Due to the fact that the resulting cells have half as many chromosomes as that of the parent cell, it is also referred to as the reduction division.

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Don't forget to convert from maize to switchgrass and add strips of the prairie to the information from the graph.

This question asks us what issue is the maximum possible to have caused the trade in the range of hen species that happened between years 30 and 60. The growing wide variety of chook habitats is one of the maximum contributing factors to the exchange within the range of bird species.

The common temperature for each month is plotted on the graph with a red dot and the dots are then linked in an easy, red line. Precipitation (mm) is measured by the usage of the numbers at the proper hand aspect of the chart.

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If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their biological sex, then the person could be classified as experiencing gender dysphoria.

Gender dysphoria is the mental state of an individual where he or she feels uneasy or discomfort in accepting or even understanding the mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity. This discomfort can cause other symptoms like stress, anxiety, depression, etc.

Anxiety is the psychological condition where the person feels restless and uneasy due to some reason that may not actually be very worrying. The other conditions accompanying anxiety are:  Fast heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating, etc.

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Considering the succession in the ecosystem, the role of moss in the transition to stage iii of the process is that it serves as a soil seed bank in the leaf litter.

The correct option is A.

Succession in an ecosystem is the process where the composition of species in an ecosystem changes over a given period of time.

There are two types of succession in an ecosystem;

In the given ecosystem, the role of the moss is to produce structures called protonema. Protonemas are the gametophytes that produce the gametangium which allows the formation of gametes.

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Answer:

This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules. Inside the plant cell are small organelles called chloroplasts, which store the energy of sunlight.

Energy produced by photosynthesis is stored inside the glucose molecules(i.e, sugars).

What is photosynthesis?

It is a process in which green plants and other autotrophic organisms make use of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to synthesize nutrients. They store energy in the form of sugars. Oxygen is generated as a by-product of photosynthesis, and it involves the use of the green pigment chlorophyll.

Algae also make use of photosynthesis to convert solar energy to chemical energy. Oxygen is once again a by-product of this reaction.

Photosynthesis occurs in all plants and blue-green algae. It takes place in all green parts of a plant including its leaves, stems, sepals etc.

Hence, the energy produced as a result of photosynthesis is stored in organic molecules (glucose, i.e, sugars).

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Epinephrine plays a crucial role in the fight-or-flight response as a cell signaling chemical.

What is cell signaling?

Chemical signals are frequently used by cells to communicate. These chemical signals, which are proteins or other compounds made by the transmitting cell and released into the extracellular space, are frequently secreted by the cell.

Role of epinephrine in cell signaling:

Hence epinephrine plays a crucial role in cell signaling.

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The amino acid to be part of an alpha-helix from the gpcr signaling protein is leucine.

One of the three necessary branched-chain amino acids is leucine (BCAAs). Skeletal muscle can utilise these amino acids to provide energy during exercise.

Consuming foods with complete proteins provides adequate amounts of these amino acids. Foods including meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and milk fall under this category. Studies have not consistently demonstrated that consuming supplements of these amino acids enhances exercise performance, increases muscle mass, or aids in exercise recovery.

Leucine may aid in bone and skin repair. Lean body mass and muscle growth could both be accelerated. It might boost human growth hormone production (HGH). It might aid in blood sugar regulation.

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The Energy-capturing backpack is a good solution for the rescue team.

The energy capturing backpack is made up of a weight attached to the top part of a pendulum, which swings back and forth as a person walks, and the weight adds momentum. And the bottom part of the pendulum connects to the energy harvesting module via the springs on either side of the device.

The entire system is housed in a frame that the user can wear like a traditional backpack. The energy harvesting backpack is approximately 5kg in weight. The main and very promising advantage of the new energy harvester is that the user does not need to do anything else to generate electricity, such as cranking a handle. Furthermore, the energy imposes no additional physical demands on the wearer beyond the weight of the device itself.

It should be noted that this is important for those who are involved in rescue activities as it gives them the needed energy and is lighter as well.

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The total magnification of the bacterial cells when the power of the new lens is 60x is 600x.

 Power of eyepiece ×  power of the objective lenses =The total magnification

10X × 60X=600X

Normally the eyepiece magnification power is given as 10x . The common ocular magnifies ten times, marked as 10x. The standard objective lenses magnify 4x, 10x and 40x. If the microscope has a fourth objective lens, the magnification will most likely be 100x but for our case, I have worked with 10x. Therefore the total magnification will be 600x for the bacterial cells, looking at bacterial cells under one of our microscopes with this new lens.

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Glycogen and fat stores are used up first during famine in humans and other animals, then protein. When someone has more energy than they need, the additional energy is stored as carbs.

Keep in mind that extra energy that the body possesses can be stored as fat. Theoretically, since a pound of fat is equal to about 3,500 calories, you could gain about one pound if you consume 3,500 more calories than your body requires. Duodenum The first section of the small intestine that the stomach feeds into is the duodenum. A 10-inch-long, small chute, it descends and forms a  around the pancreas before joining the remainder of the coiling intestines. "C" shape

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Answer:

When these habitats are damaged or destroyed, it is not only their carbon sequestration capacity that is lost. Carbon stored in the habitats can also be released, contibuting to increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The energy and matter get dissipated in the atmosphere when the carbon sinks burn. This is because in the biological system energy and matter can neither be created nor be destroyed as they may be changed from one form to another.

A carbon sink may be defined as a process through which more carbon is absorbed from the atmosphere than it liberates. It accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compounds for an indefinite period and thereby eliminates carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

According to the context of this question, a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon into the atmosphere than it absorbs – for example, the burning of fossil fuels or volcanic eruptions, destruction of habitat, etc. All these examples are directly related to carbon sequestration.

Therefore, the energy and matter get dissipated in the atmosphere when the carbon sinks burn.

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White blood leukocytes cell count is an indicator of health. 4,000 to 11,000 per μL of blood is a normal figure, or 1% of total adult blood volume. Blood cell production is then often regulated by the body structures such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidneys.

Leukocytes A type of blood cell made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymphatic tissue. White blood cells are the part of the body's the immune system. They are help the body to fight infections and the other illnesses. the Leukocytosis means high white blood cell count. This means that you have more white blood cells than normal. Leukocytosis is a normal immune response and is not necessarily a cause for concern. In most cases, this means your body is fighting infection or inflammation.

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Answer:

D. Photosynthesis which occurs in the chloroplast produces sugar(glucose) and oxygen which are the reactants in cellular respiration

The genetic information for endotoxins are located in the chromosomes.

Endotoxins are the type of toxins present inside the bacterial cell. They are also called pyrogens and they affect the immune system. The exact location of endotoxins is the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The nature of endotoxins is lipopolysaccharide.

Chromosomes are the compact form of DNA. These are comprised of DNA and histone proteins that are bound together in a highly packed form. The genetic material is transmitted from parent to offspring in this compacted chromosomal form. Each chromosome has two sister chromatids that are joined together at the site called centromere.

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Answer:

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of your neck. It releases hormones that control metabolism—the way your body uses energy. The thyroid's hormones regulate vital body functions, including: Breathing.

Explanation:

Structure dictates function is one among biology's core ideas; how something is put together enables it to carry out a certain purpose. This is often seen at every level of the biological organization hierarchy, from atoms to the biosphere.

The link between structure and performance is what allows all living things and living systems, from molecules to organisms, to function successfully.

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Introns are found in the genes of most organisms and many viruses and can be present in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (non-coding genes).

protein-coding genes single gene or transcription unit can therefore encode multiple proteins or other gene products, depending on how the exons are joined. In fact, scientists estimate that there may be over 500,000 different human proteins, all encoded by just 20,000 protein-coding genes. According to the standard model, most RNA sequences are derived from protein-coding genes. That is, they way we and are processed into the messenger RNA (mRNA), exported to the cytosol, and then we translated into proteins.

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There are three phases of stem cells mitosis, gene expression, and differentiation.

Stem cells that are totipotent or omnipotent. programmable stem cells. Multiple-potency stem cells, stem cells with oligopotency, the body's building blocks are stem cells, which are cells that give rise to all other cells with specific roles.

Daughter cells are created when stem cells divide properly in the body or a lab to create additional cells. Most stem cells are found in the bone marrow.

They divide at this stage to produce new blood cells, Once fully developed, blood cells leave the bone marrow and travel into circulation.

Therefore stem cells develop into different cells through differentiation.

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The factors make sequencing by the sanger chain-termination method possible are option C and E: A DNA strand whose 3' end terminates in a dideoxynucleotide cannot be elongated.

Deoxynucleotides having hydroxyl groups at the 3′ position on the deoxyribose ring make up the chain. By joining the phosphate of the incoming nucleotide to the 3′-hydroxyl of the outgoing nucleotide, DNA polymerase adds the following nucleotide. A nucleotide chain cannot continue if it lacks the 3′-hydroxyl, and the chain is broken. A growing DNA strand only gets new nucleotides at the 3' end. This is because the strand elongates only from 5' to 3' end of the chain.

Similar to DNA replication, chain termination sequencing needs deoxynucleotides, a single-stranded DNA template, DNA polymerase, and a primer. These elements are combined during in vitro sequencing operations, and DNA polymerase creates several copies of the original template.

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Which factors make sequencing by the sanger chain-termination method possible? select all that apply.

a. Complementary single-stranded nucleic acid sequences can come together to form a duplex molecule.

b. Single-stranded nucleic acid molecules can be immobilized on certain types of filter paper.

c. A DNA strand whose 3' end terminates in a dideoxynucleotide cannot be elongated.

d. Duplex nucleic acid molecules can be separated by size by means of electrophoresis.

e. New nucleotides are added only to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand.

The reason that argues against clear-cutting a patch of a tropical rainforest ecosystem include the following below:

This is a term which is referred to as the combination of of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact.

Clear-cutting a patch of a tropical rainforest ecosystem will lead to a change in the soil microbiome which may prevent regrowth and may lead to extinction of some animals as a result of their habitats being destroyed thereby decreasing their survival rate.

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Meiosis cannot be generated in a haploid cell because in meiosis a cell division occurs in which genetic material is distributed to two daughter cells, it is necessary that there are homologous chromosomes.

Meiosis is a type of cell reproduction in which gametes are produced. It is a cell division in which a diploid cell will carry out two consecutive cell divisions in which four haploid cells will be generated, that is, those with a single set of chromosomes.

Therefore, we can confirm that meiosis cannot be generated in a haploid cell because in meiosis a cell division occurs in which genetic material is distributed to two daughter cells, it is necessary that there are homologous chromosomes.

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Proteins  are soft-bodied organisms less likely to leave a fossil trace than hard-bodied organisms.

soft-bodied organisms are much more likely to decay than organisms with difficult body elements along with bones, shells or enamel. as a consequence the fossil document consists of many stays of creatures like fish, clams and mammals, and relatively few stays of creatures like jellyfish, earthworms or wild flora.

Animals with difficult shells and skeletons are represented nicely within the fossil record. alternatively, soft-bodied animals are probable represented very poorly. it is possibly that maximum gentle-bodied species that ever existed are long gone all the time with out a trace. Land animals are probable very poorly represented as nicely.

The maximum not unusual approach of fossilisation is petrification through a system called permineralisation. After a shell, bone or enamel is buried in sediment, it is able to be exposed to mineral-rich fluids moving via the porous rock fabric and turns into filled with preserving minerals consisting of calcium carbonate or silica.

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Carbon and Hydrogen atoms share an electron pair, forming covalent bonds special properties of carbon is ability to form double and triple bonds.

A molecule is the smallest unit of any material that is composed of one or more elements and is capable of existing independently while maintaining all of the substance's physical and chemical properties. Further atom division occurs within molecules.For instance, each atoms the particle of oxygen are represented by the letters Oh and Water vapour, together.

When ionic compounds come together and form bonds with one another, a molecule is created. Each atom shares an electron when a bond is formed between them. A molecule is created as a result of a covalent bond.

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