Answer:
When trying to determine client satisfaction with internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), it is important to measure the patients' satisfaction with a variety of aspects of the therapy experience. This can include factors such as the ease of use of the internet-based CBT platform, the clarity and effectiveness of the therapeutic materials, the support provided by the therapist, and the overall effectiveness of the therapy in helping the patient to achieve their goals.
To measure patient satisfaction with internet-based CBT, it is important to use reliable and valid assessment tools that are specifically designed to evaluate the various aspects of the therapy experience. This can include self-report measures, such as surveys or questionnaires, as well as more objective measures, such as therapeutic outcome measures that assess the patient's progress and changes in symptoms over the course of therapy.
By gathering and analyzing data on patient satisfaction with internet-based CBT, therapists and researchers can gain valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, and can use this information to improve the quality and effectiveness of the therapy. This can ultimately help to ensure that patients receive the best possible care and support, and can achieve their therapeutic goals
Dr. Weber conducted a long term study in which two people were tested on happiness, asked to make two new friends, and then tested on happiness 1 month later. He noticed that six of the most introverted people dropped out by the last session. Therefore, his study might have which of the following internal validity threats?
a. Attrition.
b. Maturation.
c. Selection.
d. Regression.
The following internal validity threats is Attrition.
What is Attrition?Attrition is the departure of employees from the organization for any reason (voluntary or involuntary), including resignation, termination, death or retirement. Attrition rate is the rate at which employees leave an organization divided by the average number of employees at the organization over a given period of time. The term attrition refers to a gradual but deliberate reduction in staff numbers that occurs as employees leave a company and are not replaced.It is commonly used to describe the downsizing of a firm's employee pool by human resources (HR) professionals. In this case, downsizing is voluntary, where employees either resign or retire and aren't replaced by the company.To learn more about retirement refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/28128413
#SPJ4
the tendency for people to feel sad if they simply frown is called the spillover effect. homeostasis. social facilitation. the facial feedback effect.
Out of the choices provided above, it can be said that the tendency for people to feel sad if they simply frown is called the spillover effect. Therefore, the option A holds true.
The spillover effect can be referred to or considered as an effect wherein people tend to express an unhappy behavior. Also, within this effect a very small change leads to direct expression of the behavior by an individual, as such. Furthermore, the spillover effect also represents an individual's tendency to show a sad feeling.
Learn more about the spillover effect here:
https://brainly.com/question/11234664
#SPJ4
Problem-solving policing emphasizes that many crimes are caused by ______________ and attempts to deal with fundamental problems rather than just responding to each criminal incident.
Select the correct text in the passage.
Which sentence from the excerpt from George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion suggests that Henry Higgins has already formed a negative opinion of Eliza Doolittle?
HIGGINS: Very well, then, what on earth is all this fuss about? The girl doesn't belong to anybody-is no use to anybody but me. (He goes to Mrs. Pearce and begins coaxing). You can
adopt her, Mrs. Pearce: I'm sure a daughter would be a great amusement to you. Now don't make any more fuss. Take her downstairs; and-
MRS. PEARCE: But what's to become of her? Is she to be paid anything? Do be sensible, sir.
HIGGINS: Oh, pay her whatever is necessary: put it down in the housekeeping book. (Impatiently) What on earth will she want with money? She'll have her food and her clothes. She'll only
drink if you give her money.
LIZA (turning on him): Oh you are a brute. It's a le: nobody ever saw the sign of liquor on me. (She goes back to her chair and plants herself there defiantly).
PICKERING (in good-humored remonstrance): Does it occur to you, Higgins, that the girl has some feelings?
HIGGINS (looking critically at her): Oh no, I don't think so. Not any feelings that we need bother about. (Cheerily) Have you, Eliza?
LIZA: I got my feelings same as anyone else.
Answer:
Bold
Explanation:
The first principle of designing navigation controls is _______.
a) It was tough to build, it should be tough to use
b) Users have attended training
c) To prevent users from making mistakes
d) See that all screens can be reached in the four-click rule
e) Build appropriate icons (like a blank page for new document or form)
Correct reply is C. The first principle of designing navigation controls is to prevent customers from making mistakes.
What is the first step in user interface plan process?The first step to each UI and UX design begins with research. Understanding who your target audience is, what their desires are and what purpose they will be the use of your web page or app for. Some types of lookup consist of interviewing workable customers or customers and discovering competitors.
What is the right order of steps for the person interface diagram process?User interface diagram is a three-step process: (1) analyze the DFDs and use cases; (2) boost the interface diagrams; and (3) create the interface plan prototype.
Learn more about design process here:
https://brainly.com/question/13989721#SPJ4In the experimental method, participants who do NOT experience the independent variable, or who may experience the placebo are referred to as the ________ group.
A) control
B) placebo
C) repeated measures
D) confounding
E) experimental
Participants in the experimental method who may or may not encounter the placebo or the independent variable are referred to as the control group. The right response in this case is option A.
Studies frequently employ a control group or placebo in order to verify the efficacy of a novel medication or vaccine. Placebos are "sugar pills" or "dummy pharmaceuticals" that imitate real medications but contain no actual therapeutic benefits. Control is the illness' typical course of therapy.
Let's say you wish to research a new ADHD medicine. A pill that appears exactly like the one the other group received but is actually a placebo would be given to the other group while one group would receive the new treatment. The control group would be the one that receives the placebo.
To learn more about the control group
https://brainly.com/question/11116605
#SPJ4
How did the enlightment affect peoples attitudes towards political authority
The Enlightenment provided western political modernization in the form of a concentration on democratic principles and institutions and the establishment of modern, liberal democracies. Enlightenment philosophers aimed to limit organized religion's political power in order to avoid another age of intolerant religious strife.
What were the Enlightenment's political ideas?The French and American Revolutions were practically direct outcomes of Enlightenment ideas. The Enlightenment also gave rise to the notion that society is a social compact between the government and the governed. There was a strong focus on liberty, republicanism, and religious tolerance throughout the Enlightenment. There was little regard for the monarchy or inherited political authority. By denying prophecies, miracles, and biblical theology, deists harmonized science and religion.
To learn more about The French and American Revolutions, click
https://brainly.com/question/5761578
#SPJ1
the was enacted in 1946 in response to the creation of several new federal agencies. it established a process for how the agencies could propose and establish regulations.
The Administrative Procedure Act (APA), a 1946 U.S. legislation, specifies how federal agencies may create and implement rules.
Regulation-making procedures at federal agencies are governed by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). In California, final judgements made by state administrative agencies are subject to court review under the California Administrative Procedure Act, which also governs how state administrative agencies can draught and issue rules. Administrative law's main goal is to restrict the government's authority in order to safeguard citizens against misuse. In other words, we can describe administrative law as the collection of guidelines, directives, orders, and judgements made by the executive branch's administrative agencies.
To learn more about Administrative Procedure Act click the link below:
brainly.com/question/27755659
#SPJ4
wallstfella: every one of those bans that bloomberg initiated has been good for the public oneway or another. regarding the soda, i also do think it's a step too far. educating the public wouldbe a better alternative...
Every one of those bans that Bloomberg initiated has been good for the public one way or another. Regarding the soda, I think it's a step too far. Educating the public would be a better alternative to reduce obesity rate.
In recent years, there has been an increased focus on educating the public about the importance of environmental conservation. This is a vital issue, as the health of our planet is increasingly under threat from human activity. By raising awareness of the issues, and providing information on what people can do to help, we can hope to make a difference.
Whatever the approach, it is important that we all work together to make sure that as many people as possible are aware of the importance of this issue, and are equipped with the knowledge to make a difference.
To know more about public, click here.
https://brainly.com/question/15080890
#SPJ4
By definition, public speaking occurs when one person prepares and delivers a presentation to a group that may or may not listen to the speaker but does not interrupt the flow of ideas. â
TRUE OR FALSE
True Public speaking, by definition, is when one person gives a presentation to a group of people who may or may not listen to the speaker but do not impede the flow of ideas.
How does public speaking work?
speaking in public. when a speaker conveys a particular message to a group of people who are in the audience at the time of the speech.
What exactly are presentation and public speaking?
Speaking to a specific goal, coordinating that speech with a series of images or slides designed to reinforce that goal, and measuring the outcome are all components of presentation.
What is the primary goal of public speaking?
It is a more general set of spoken communication skills. Every speech serves one of three primary objectives: to entertain, inform, and persuade. You will begin by selecting one of these general purposes, then a suitable speech pattern that corresponds to that general purpose, depending on your ultimate objective.
To learn more about Public speaking here:
https://brainly.com/question/26428393
#SPJ4
If your a driver license is suspended, you may drive only?
answer choices
O if you get permission from the police.
O if you drive on country roads.
O If you get an essential needs license.
The foundation of commercial driver's licensing is comprised of the States and Washington, DC. They grant the licenses and judge the legitimacy and qualifications.
How long may your Texas driver's license be suspended for?Any driver will have their license suspended right away if they have four moving offenses in a 12-month period or seven moving violations in a 24-month period. Texas drivers can, however, appeal a suspension within 20 days; a hearing date will be scheduled for them.
How can I drive in NSW while my license is suspended?The most frequent defense is an honest and logical factual error. You must provide proof that you were not aware of your cancellation or suspension at the time you were driving.
To know more about driver license suspended visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/20629750
#SPJ4
if you come across information you think was improperly or unnecessarily classified, you should challenge the classification
Derivative classifiers must observe and respect when applying derivative classification to documents produced from classified information.
What should one do if data has been incorrectly or needlessly classified?should you do initially if you believe material has been incorrectly or unduly categorized. Declassify the data while it is still being reviewed by the original classification body. A new document draws inspiration from a classified document.
What occurs if you reveal confidential information?Under the espionage act, intentionally exposing secret material without authority is illegal on the federal level. Up to ten years in prison, a hefty fine, or even a treason accusation might be the result of the punishment.
To know more about unnecessarily classified visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/26054914
#SPJ4
The Japanese sea monster known as Umibozu is a specter depicted with a bald head that was believed to have arisen from which of the following options?
The Japanese sea monster known as Umibozu is a specter commonly depicted with a bald head and a large, wide body. So option a, Souls of drowned Buddhist monks is correct.
It is thought to have originated from the souls of drowned Buddhist monks that were caught in a storm while crossing the sea. The legend of the Umibozu dates back to the Edo period in Japan, when it was believed that the spirit of a drowned monk would return as a vengeful sea monster. The spirit would appear to passing ships and demand a toll, either a human sacrifice or a payment of money. If the vessel's crew refused, the monster would cause a violent storm that would sink the ship.
The Umibozu was believed to be the product of a particularly gruesome ritual that was performed by Buddhist monks in the 12th century. The ritual involved the monks throwing themselves into the sea as an act of self-sacrifice, believing that their souls would be purified and reborn in the afterlife. While this ritual was meant to be a sacred act, it was thought that some of the souls of the drowned monks became corrupted and returned as the Umibozu.
Learn more about Buddhist monks at : https://brainly.com/question/14395735
#SPJ4
a.Souls of drowned Buddhist monks
b.Souls of dead infants
c. Underground volcanoes
d. Whirlpools
Proponents of multitasking would note ________ to support their opinion, whereas opponents of multitasking would point to ________ to justify their perspective.
Proponents of multitasking would note divided attention to support their opinion, whereas opponents of multitasking would point to distraction to justify their perspective.
When the mind is focused on many activities or concepts at once, divided attention develops. People frequently engage in multitasking, as it is also known. Examples include singing along to music while driving, conversing with someone while out on a stroll, or playing music while doing your grocery shopping.
Instead of being unable to multitask, selective attention recognizes which aspects of multitasking are most crucial and directs its focus there. Selective attention is an instinctive reaction in your brain that serves as a filter.
To learn more about attention
https://brainly.com/question/4122584
#SPJ4
When working with a group, counselors clearly explain the importance and parameters of confidentiality for the specific grouptrue or false
When working with a group, counselors clearly explain the importance and parameters of confidentiality for the specific group. This statement is true.
With the assurance that the counsellor won't misuse or repeat the material shared outside of the counseling room, confidentiality in counseling creates a space where the client can discuss delicate topics.
Part of what distinguishes counseling from other interactions is the counsellor's ethical obligation, within certain bounds, to respect client confidentiality. It's crucial for a client to feel able to trust their therapist so they may speak freely and frankly about what is hurting them when they seek therapy.
The knowledge that their ideas, feelings, and memories may be trusted to the counselor may open the door to a deeper examination of experiences that feel particularly challenging or embarrassing.
To know more about confidentiality in counselling:
https://brainly.com/question/10509030
#SPJ4
According to Glassdoor research, what workplace factor matters most to employee satisfaction?
A) involvement and influence
B) growth and development
C) compensation and benefits
D) culture and values
Answer: D) culture and values
Explanation:
the other answer will be;
D) technology innovations
B) pre-existing public schools
A) education
C) a lowering of taxes, which allows businesses and
individuals to have more income to spend, this
income is then used to hire additional employees
and eventually benefit everyone, including the
economy
when taking notes for a discussion-based class, it is recommended that you organize your notes based on the list of issues or topics to be discussed.
It is appropriate to organize the notes based on the list of issues or topics to be discussed when taking notes for a discussion-based class. Therefore, the statement given above holds true.
Taking notes can be referred to or considered as the practice of noting down the important and relevant points related to a particular issue or a topic. Moreover, a practice as such also helps in maintenance of organized information related to the topic on which the notes have been taken in the sense, it is intended to be taken in.
Learn more about taking notes here:
https://brainly.com/question/26039794
#SPJ4
The main reasons social psychologists have studied the legal system are ___________.
A) many social psychologists are legal consultants and social psychologists have an advantage in the court room due to their study of the law
B) because of its importance in daily life and many social psychologists are legal consultants
C) because it is an applied setting in which to study basic psychological processes and because of its importance in daily life
D) because it is an applied setting in which to study basic psychological processes and social psychologists have an advantage in the court room due to their study of the law
The main reasons social psychologists have studied the legal system are because it is an applied setting in which to study basic psychological processes and because of its importance in daily life.
Social psychologists have an advantage in the court room due to their study of the law, and many social psychologists are legal consultants who use their knowledge to aid in legal proceedings.
The legal system offers an applied setting for social psychologists to study basic psychological processes. Through their research, social psychologists have identified social and psychological factors that can influence legal proceedings, including jury selection, courtroom behavior, and sentencing decisions.
By studying the legal system, social psychologists can gain a better understanding of how social norms, biases, and individual behavior influence the outcomes of legal proceedings.
Furthermore, the legal system is important in daily life, and by studying it, social psychologists can gain insight into how individuals interact with and within the legal system. Social psychologists can explore how the legal system affects people’s lives and how it can be improved. For example, social psychologists can examine how laws are enforced and investigate whether certain laws or legal systems are more effective than others.
Learn more about psychologists at : https://brainly.com/question/3833605
#SPJ4
HELP PLEASE
If the premises and conclusion of an argument are true, it can still be the case that the conclusion does not necessarily follows from the premises. T or F
Even if the argument's premises and conclusion are correct, the conclusion does not always flow from the premises. The statement is true.
Define premise and conclusion.The conclusion of an argument is justified or supported by a statement known as the premise. One or more premises can be found in an argument. A conclusion in an argument is a statement that restates the key points the arguer is aiming to convince the reader or listener of. In an argument, there are essentially two ways to reach a result. The most basic approach is to look for indicator words. Because, because, and for are examples of words that express a premise. A conclusion is implied by the words "therefore," "thus," and "consequently."
To know more about premise and conclusion, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/27998993
#SPJ1
selma is a licensee, working at about right realty. which of the following is a duty that selma owes to her broker?
Selma owes it to her broker to follow the instructions of the broker: Selma is expected to follow the directions and guidance of her broker and to carry out any tasks assigned to her by the broker in a timely and professional manner.
What is broker duty?Generally, As a licensee working at a real estate brokerage, Selma likely owes a number of duties to her broker. Some of these duties may include:
Maintain confidentiality: Selma is expected to maintain the confidentiality of sensitive information related to the brokerage, clients, and other licensees.Comply with state and federal laws: Selma is required to comply with all applicable state and federal laws, regulations, and ethical standards related to real estate licensing and brokerage.Act in the best interests of the broker: Selma is expected to act in the best interests of the broker and to promote the interests of the brokerage.Maintain professional standards: Selma is expected to maintain professional standards and to conduct herself in a manner that reflects positively on the brokerage.Read more about broker
https://brainly.com/question/14094023
#SPJ1
The Complete Question was not found
According to lecture what was the (Latin) name of the structure in the following image? (square structure with a main room with steps and an altar)
A Latin square is a n × n array having n distinct symbols in it, each occuring precisely once in each row and each column. Both experiment design and combinatorics make use of it.
In order to build a magic square, the Korean mathematician Choi Seok-Jeong published the first example of a Latin square of order nine in 1700, 67 years before Leonhard Euler.
Although Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) employed Latin letters as symbols in his mathematical writings, any set of symbols may be used; for instance, in the example above, the alphabetic sequence A, B, and C may be swapped out for the integer sequences 1, 2, and 3. Euler created the fundamental theory of Latin squares.
Read more about square:
https://brainly.com/question/24487155
#SPJ4
What is the relationship between government and governance?
Answer:
Government refers to the group of people who have the authority to govern a country or state. Governance, on the other hand, refers to the way in which this authority is exercised. In other words, governance is the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented) in a given society.
Government and governance are closely related terms, but they are not interchangeable.
The government refers to the institutions, processes, and mechanisms through which a society is ruled and controlled. These institutions may include the legislature, executive, and judiciary, as well as various agencies and departments that carry out specific functions. Governance, on the other hand, refers to the way in which power is exercised in a society, including the processes and mechanisms by which decisions are made and implemented.
the relationship between government and governance is determined by the specific political, social, and economic conditions of a given society.
to learn more about government
https://brainly.com/question/12919633
although the poor do engage in interest group politics such as activism is rarer and the system is positioned more favorably to the rich this is a criticism leveled against which regime type
Although it is uncommon for the poor to participate in interest group politics, such as activism, and the system is set up more in favor of the wealthy, this is a complaint directed at regime type Government interest organizations.
What impact do interest groups have on elections?Interest groups take part in elections to influence legislators. They might generate funds, carry out independent spending, support causes, and encourage people to cast ballots.
Public interest or citizen groups have been most active in the consumer protection and environmental policy sectors.
Organizations that participate in advancing common political goals are known as interest groups. They often focus their efforts on one specific issue area, as opposed to political parties, who are required to handle all issues on the public agenda.
To know more about interest groups, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/29807513
#SPJ4
suppose you are a federal employee who regularly encounters people who believe that bureaucracies are mired in red tape. which of the following is an accurate statement that you could use to counter this perception?
Bureaucracy is merely a way of getting people to do work. This is a correct statement that you might use to refute this perception.
What exactly is just a simple statement?
A simple statement one that contains no other statements as components. The capital letters A-Z represent these statements. A compound statement is made up of at least each simple statement and a rational operator, or connectives.
What exactly is a declaration example?
True, bananas have really no bones, and I enjoy them, but I enjoy them because they are delicious and healthy, n't yet because they lack no bones. As a result, if I said, "I the same as bananas because they contain no bones," I would be saying something false.
To know more about Statement visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28631205
#SPJ4
based on this image, which of the following best represents a social change in europe resulting from the french revoluti
Despite its flaws, the French Revolution is recognised as a pivotal moment in modern history because it marked the emergence of fresh perspectives rooted in liberalism, enlightenment, and democracy. French military, which fought in several battles to defend the Republic, carried these principles throughout Europe.
The French Revolution had a wide range of effects. It ended the monarchy and established democracy in France. It also led other countries to declare war on France. It also helped Napoleon Bonaparte become more powerful. The tyrannical monarchy was overthrown. With the Revolution, the feudal privileges of the nobles were abolished. Slaves were liberated. The Church no longer demanded tithes, and the government changed from being founded on a religious (divine right of kings) to a secular (people's agreement) basis. The top of Japanese society adopted Western politics and culture. The French Revolution gave rise to modern ideologies based on the notion of the people's power. These included, among other things, liberalism, nationalism, socialism, and communism.
To learn more about French Revolution click the link below:
brainly.com/question/27833385
#SPJ4
______ is a reciprocal belief that another person will consider how their intentions and behaviors will affect you. A. Justice B. Ethics C.Trust D. Integrity E. Compassion Feedback
Trust is a mutual conviction that the other person will take into account how their actions and intentions will affect you.
What is reciprocal belief?Reciprocal belief is a relationship between two people where each person has an understanding that the other believes in the same values, ideas, and principles. This mutual belief and trust is based on mutual respect and understanding. Reciprocal belief is the cornerstone of many relationships, such as friendships, romantic relationships, and family relationships. It is important for both parties to be honest and open with each other in order for mutual trust and respect to exist. When both parties trust each other, it can help build a strong and healthy relationship.
Therefore, the correct option is (C)
To learn more about reciprocal belief
https://brainly.com/question/29907777
#SPJ4
In a classic experiment in which people were deliberately exposed to the virus that caused common colds, people who exhibited which of the following were much more likely to actually get a cold?
a. high stress score on the SRRS.
b. low stress score on the SRRS.
c. extroverted personality as measured by the MMPI-2.
d. introverted personality as measured by the MMPI-2.
In the classic experiment in which people were deliberately exposed to the virus, the d. introverted personality as measured by the MMPI-2 were much more likely to actually get a cold.
Introvert people are those people that usually stay in the house and do not stay longer out of the house. Such people have lower chances of being exposed to a virus because they have lesser contact with other people.
On the other hand, extroverted personality people have a higher chance of being exposed to a virus because of the more numbers of contacts that they make.
Hence, when a virus is deliberately exposed in a classic experiment for common colds, the extroverted personalities will have majorly already had contact with the virus. Hence, they would not get the cold because they are immune now. The introverted personalities will become exposed to the virus for the first time and hence will have higher chances to actually getting the cold.
To learn more about virus, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/17395741
#SPJ4
of the following medical specialists, who spends more time reading and interpreting test results than working directly with patients?
Out of the choices provided above, a radiologist is such medical specialist who spends more time reading and interpreting the test results than working directly with the patients. Therefore, the option C holds true.
A radiologist can be referred to or considered as a medical specialist who has been qualified to practical medicines by taking tests of different patients that he or she may come across. The interaction of a radiologist with the patients is much lesser than the amount of time that he or she spends in reading their test results.
Learn more about a radiologist here:
https://brainly.com/question/15233736
#SPJ4
Complete question
of the following medical specialists, who spends more time reading and interpreting test results than working directly with patients?
A. Geriatrician
B. anesthesiologist
C. Radiologist
D. otolaryngologist
If Jess has a type of amnesia that affects the formation of explicit memories but not implicit ones, which of the following will she be most likely to remember?
answer choices
The date of her last basketball lesson
The name of her basketball coach
The location of the gym
The arm position to throw the ball
If Jess has a type of amnesia that affects the formation of explicit memories she is most likely to remember The arm position to throw the ball.
Amnesia is the loss of memories, which includes details, knowledge, and experiences. Amnesia is frequently portrayed in movies and on television as losing one's identity, however this isn't typically the case in reality. As opposed to this, those who suffer from amnesia, also known as amnestic syndrome, typically have a sense of identity. However, they could struggle to remember new information and pick up new skills. Damage to the parts of the brain necessary for processing memories can result in amnesia. Amnesia can be permanent, as opposed to a transient global amnesia, which is a temporary memory loss episode. Amnesia cannot be treated specifically, but the underlying cause can still be addressed. Amnesics and their family may find it easier to cope if they follow some memory-improving tips and seek support.
Learn more about amnesia here:
https://brainly.com/question/29521083
#SPJ4
what type of malware is the following code fragment? legitimate code if data is friday the 13th; crash computer() ; legitimate code
This code contains a standard "if this, then do that" condition that executes the harmful sentence.
What form of malware is represented by the code fragment that follows?When the condition data = Friday the 13th is true in this code, the dangerous statement (crash computer();) is run. This is a typical "if this, do that" scenario. This seems to be a logic bomb that goes off when a specific situation occurs. "Logic Bombs," a type of malware that alters data, can delete or change data at a predetermined time and date, or in this case, crash a computer. Logic bombd may also begin operating when particular people or gadgets are connected.
How do malware software programs work?Malware code is a word used to describe malicious computer programming scripts that seek to locate or exploit system flaws. The threat actor that created this software did so in order to alter, harm, or constantly access computer systems.
Learn more about Malware code: https://brainly.com/question/9380587
#SPJ4