Body get the energy for reattaching a third phosphate to ADP, creating ATP usually from carbs.
Breaking down the food molecules releases the energy that was keeping them together, and the cell temporarily stores that released energy for the re-building process.
Each of these food kinds necessitates a distinct breakdown process, which we'll discuss later, but the purpose is the same: release the energy that kept those food molecules together so that it may be stored in a form that the cell can utilize later to construct what it needed. The cell contains a specific type of molecule called ATP for storing that energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a vital chemical found in all living organisms. Consider it the "energetic currency" of the cell. When a cell requires energy to complete a job, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate.
The energy that was holding that phosphate molecule is now free to accomplish work for the cell. When the cell has excess energy (from digesting food or, in the case of plants, from photosynthesis), it stores it by reattaching a free phosphate molecule to ADP and converting it back into ATP.
The correct answer is, usually from carbs.
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What other normal cellular processes other than DNA Replication are cells going through during interphase?
In order to prepare for mitosis, the cell duplicates its DNA during interphase. The interphase is the cell's "everyday life" or metabolic phase, during which the cell acquires nutrients, metabolises them, develops, reads its DNA, and performs other "typical" cell operations.
The G1, S, and G2 phases are included in the interphase, which is the part of the cell cycle where no changes can be seen under a microscope. The cell multiplies (G1), duplicates (S), and gets ready for mitosis during interphase (G2).
After cytokinesis has separated the cell membrane and cells have finished dividing their chromosomes, the two newly formed cells enter Gap 1 or G1, the first phase of interphase. The cell continues to expand and carry out its typical tasks throughout this period.
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explain how the electron transport chain is utilized in oxidative phosphorylation
The electron transport chain is utilized in oxidative phosphorylation as electrons are passed starting with one atom and then onto the next, and energy delivered in these electron moves is utilized to frame an electrochemical gradient.
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is home to a collection of proteins and organic molecules that make up the electron transport chain. In a series of redox reactions, electrons travel from one transport chain member to another. Chemiosmosis is the process by which the energy released during these reactions is used to make ATP and is captured as a proton gradient.
Electrons from the breakdown products of the first two stages of cellular respiration are taken by the electron transport chain, which then moves the electrons from one molecule to another.
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How many different mutations in the CFTR gene that can cause cystic fibrosis have been identified?
The gene that encodes the CFTR protein is located on chromosome 7. Mutations in this gene lead to CF. Since the discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989, more than 2,500 mutations have been identified.
What is the function of CFTR gene?The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein helps to maintain the balance of salt and water on many surfaces in the body, such as the surface of the lung.
This mutation is caused by the deletion of three base pairs of the CFTR gene leading to the loss of an amino acid called phenylalanine, abbreviated F, in the CFTR protein.
In cystic fibrosis, a defect (mutation) in a gene — the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene — changes a protein that regulates the movement of salt in and out of cells.
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How does the DNA of the 2 sister chromatids of chromosomes compare?
The genetic sequences of sister chromatids are identical. Sister chromatids occur only after the S (synthesis) phase, when the DNA is replicated in preparation for mitosis or meiosis.
A sister chromatid is a pair of identical copies (chromatids) generated by chromosomal DNA replication, with both copies connected together by a shared centromere.
To put it another way, a sister chromatid is 'one-half' of a duplicated chromosome. A dyad is a pair of sister chromatids.
Because both sisters are the result of semi-conservative DNA replication and so have the same DNA sequence, suitable criteria to identify sister chromatids are not clear.
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Classify each phrase as describing an enzyme, an active site, or a substrate.
a. A biological catalyst
b. A protein containing an active site
c. A specific enzyme location that binds with the substrate
d. A substance that the enzyme acts upon
e. May be a phosphate group
Since there is where the catalytic "action" takes place, the area of the enzyme where the substrate binds is known as the active site.
These amino acids make it possible for an enzyme's active site to specifically bind to its substrate or substrates and facilitate chemical reactions. An enzyme will cling to (bind) one or more reactant molecules in order to catalyze a process. The substrates of the enzyme are these substances. One substrate may be broken down into several products in some reactions. The products then depart the enzyme's active site.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that quicken a living thing's biochemical reactions. Enzymes don't alter the reaction's equilibrium.
The product is created by the enzymes from the substrate. The enzymes generate the enzymes substrate complex when they attach to the substrate's active site. The synthesis of this enzyme substrate complex is crucial for the creation of the specific product.
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the enzyme(s) called __________ break(s) down the substrate called __________.
The enzyme(s) called peptidases break(s) down the substrate called proteins.
Peptidases are the digestive enzymes that can break down the large proteins into smaller peptides or even single amino acids. This process is known as proteolysis. The enzyme is produced in the small intestine of the digestive system.
Proteins are the biomolecules made up of amino acid as the monomers. These are the functional forms of genes that are involved in every function of the body. The proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell where ribosomes are present. Proteins are involved in functions like signaling, enzymatic, transport, etc.
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A proteolytic enzyme cleaves _____ bonds.
Answer:
A proteolytic enzyme cleaves peptide bonds.Explanation:
Proteolytic enzymes, also known as peptidases, are enzymes that break down proteins by hydrolyzing the peptide bonds that hold the amino acid residues of a protein together. Proteolytic enzymes are essential for many biological processes, including the digestion of proteins in the stomach and intestines, the regulation of protein levels in the body, and the breakdown of damaged or unwanted proteins.
There are many different types of proteolytic enzymes, each of which has a specific function and target in the body. Some proteolytic enzymes, for example, are specifically designed to break down proteins in the stomach and intestines, while others are involved in the regulation of protein levels in the blood or other tissues.
Proteolytic enzymes play a key role in many biological processes, and their activity is carefully regulated in the body. Imbalances or defects in proteolytic enzymes can lead to a variety of health problems, including digestive disorders, immune system disorders, and neurological disorders.
What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle and what happens during each phase?
Answer: The three phases are carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
Explanation: In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. In stage 2, The 3-PGA molecules created through carbon fixation are converted into molecules of simple sugar–glucose. This stage obtains energy from ATP and NADPH formed during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The organic molecule is reduced. In stage 3, RuBP, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue.
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What is non homeostatic?
Consuming certain foods or minerals in proportions that do not support health is known as non-homeostatic eating (i.e., disproportional to need). Understanding the neurobiology behind excessive intake of fat and sugar has been the subject of a lot of research.
Non-homeostatic mechanisms include learning, memory, and cognitive processes that can affect feeding based on previously learned experiences and hedonic aspects of food, in contrast to homeostatic mechanisms, which regulate feeding in response to general energy deficit or other types of metabolic need.
The opposite of equilibrium The salt content of ocean waves remains constant. Example of Environmental Response. A chameleon changing their color to their environment.
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Fish produce 1,000 grams of biomass, which represents usable chemical energy. Describe the approximate amount of energy from that biomass that will transfer from fish to polar bears.
Fish provide polar bears with 10 grams of biomass worth of energy.
What is biomass?Biomass is defined as a fuel made from organic materials; a sustainable and renewable energy source used to produce electricity or other types of power. Our ecology, economy, and energy security might all be significantly improved by using biomass as a clean, renewable energy source.
According to 10% rule.
1000x10%=100
100x10%=10.
When animals from one trophic level are consumed by organisms from the next trophic level, energy is lost when going from a lower trophic level to a higher trophic level because energy is lost as metabolic heat.
Thus, fish provide polar bears with 10 grams of biomass worth of energy.
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No recombination of homologs occurs?
No recombination of homologs occurs in mitosis.
Mitosis is a stage of the cell cycle during which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Mitosis results in the formation of genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes. As a result, mitosis is also referred to as equational division.
Mitosis is only found in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide through a process known as binary fission. Mitosis differs from organism to organism. Animal cells, for example, go through "open" mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, whereas fungi go through "closed" mitosis, in which the chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus.
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Do clams have lungs or gills?
Bivalves like oysters and clams, have greatly enlarged gills that they use for both respiration and filter feeding.
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by learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock, sea snails demonstrate the process of
By learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock, sea snails demonstrate the process of classical conditioning. Merry Christmas and I hope this helped!
what happens when the body uses its fat stores to provide tissues with energy during fasting, when there is not enough food energy?
When the body uses its fat stores to provide tissues with energy during fasting, a process called lipolysis occurs. Lipolysis is the breakdown of stored fat into fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be used by the body for energy. The fatty acids are broken down further into molecules called ketone bodies, which can be used by the body for energy.
when the body uses its fat stores to provide tissues with energy during fasting Fat cells release fatty acids into the blood by breaking down stored fat.
The activation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is the first step in the breakdown of triglycerides. During fasting, plasma levels of glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol all rise, stimulating this enzyme. HSL is triggered by each of these hormones in a different way. Cyclic AMP is produced when glucagon and epinephrine bind to adenylyl cyclase on the cell membrane. Protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn activates HSL, is triggered by cyclic AMP. The glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR-alpha) in the cell's cytosol is where cortisol binds.
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Does point mutation increase DNA?
The point mutation can lead to an increase in the length of DNA sequences depending upon the type of mutation.
A point mutation is a form of mutation in which one single nucleotide base is added, deleted, or modified in DNA or RNA, the genetic material of the organism. In the case of base substitution length of the DNA sequence remains the same because the nucleotide number remains the same after the substitution. In the case of insertions mutation overall size of the DNA increases due to an increased number of nucleotides whereas decreased in the case of deletion mutations.
Hence, the type of point mutation determines DNA length.
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A strangulated hernia is one that:
A.
spontaneously reduces without any surgical intervention.
B.
can be pushed back into the body cavity to which it belongs.
C.
is reducible if surgical intervention occurs within 2 hours.
D.
loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.
D.
loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.
A serious complication hernia is one in which loses its flow of blood as a result of the surrounding tissues being compressed.
Briefing:When a portion of the swelling or bulge pushes thru the abdominal wall and is subsequently caught by the abdominal muscles, which tighten around it, the condition is known as a strangulated hernia. The blood arteries in the gut are cut off as the core muscles compress and lock around the bulge.
Why do you use the word hernia?An opening in this muscular wall, known as a hernia, enables the contents of the abdomen to project outward. Hernias can take a variety of forms, but the groin or belly region is where they happen most frequently.
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All animal cells are diploid except
options:
gametes.
muscle cells.
nerve cells.
germ-line cells.
somatic cells.
Except for gametes, all mammal cells are diploid.
With the exception of the gametes, almost all animal cells are diploid, however some are polyploid (three or more copies of each chromosome, often found in plants). The human genome has 46 diploid chromosomes, which is twice as many as the 23 haploid chromosomes found in human ova and sperm.
From the Greek term meaning "double," a cell or organism with two sets or copies (or homologs), typically one from each parent and so twice the number of haploids, of each somatic chromosome.
The right response is (a) gametes. In contrast to diploid cells, which have two sets of chromosomes, haploid cells only have one set.
Due to the fusing of two haploid gametes, all mammals are diploids genetically. The haploid gamete cells make sure that the amount of chromosomes or genetic material is constant from generation to generation.
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What are the two important features of a traditional haiku?
Traditional haiku centers around two important features while giving a surprising viewpoint. Similar to a joke, the initial segment of haiku can frequently act as the set-up, while the subsequent part conveys the zinger.
An illustration comes from Murakami Kijo, a Japanese poet who lived from 1865 to 1938:
First autumn morning:
the mirror I stare into
shows my father’s face.
In Kijo's model, we can see that it adheres to the guidelines we made sense of above: a reference to Autumn and the unusual perspective at the end are two important features, and punctuation separates the lines.
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What is reproductive mutation?
What causes biological contamination?
Explanation:
Biological contamination occurs when food becomes contaminated by living organisms or the substances they produce.
Which of the following is most like the formation of identical twins? A) cell cloning. B) therapeutic cloning. C) use of adult stem cells.
The right answer is (A), which states that cloning is most similar to the development of identical twins.
Cloning, which can be done via artificial or natural methods, is the act of generating unique beings with DNA that is identical or very similar. In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating organisms (copies) from cells and DNA fragments (molecular cloning). In addition to amplifying DNA segments that contain whole genes, cloning can be used to amplify any DNA sequence, including promoters, non-coding sections, and randomly fragmented DNA. It is used in a number of biological research projects and practical applications, including as mass protein production and the creation of genetic fingerprints. The process of figuring out the chromosomal location of a gene connected to an important feature, such as in positional cloning, is sometimes misleadingly referred to as "cloning." Despite the fact that a gene has been mapped to a certain chromosomal or genomic region, one cannot always extract or amplify the relevant genomic sequence.
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Why research become integral part of development?
Development is dependent on research because without it, there would be nothing to develop. Therefore, research is discovery, and development is the application and improvement of that finding. Additionally, even if research is a beginning, it is also a component of development.
One simple illustration: We would not have personal computers, or really much of any form of computer, if Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain's invention of the transistor had not been made.
One of the very first digital computers, ENIAC, had a sizable space, consumed 175 kilowatts of power, and processed 500 flops per second.
A particularly powerful laptop computer uses roughly 170 watts per hour of power and has a processing speed of about 100 billion flops per second.
Without the government-funded research at Bell Labs, there would not have been a computer revolution, or it might not have looked anything like it does now.
In other words, you can't develop anything without research.
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What factors require cells to use active transport?
Answer:
Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.
There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient.
When a mutation occurs by elimination of one base in a DNA sequence this mutation is called a?
Answer: Deletion mutation
Clones are derived _____.
Plants and animals' bodily cells are eventually clones created by an one fertilized egg going through mitosis, or cell reproduction.
The term "clone," derived from the Greek klon, was first used in 1903 by plant physiologist Herbert J. Webber to describe the process of growing new plants from cuttings, bulbs, or buds. Howard Markel, a science historian, talks about how the phrase later evolved to apply to a variety of genetic alterations.Plants and animals' bodily cells are eventually clones created by an one fertilized egg going through mitosis, or cell reproduction. Every cell in clones' bodies has identical genetic information in the nucleus, which is where the chromosomes are located. Thus, the DNA and genes in the nucleus of cells from two clones are identical. The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. A clone is a copy of a substance that shares the same genetic make-up as the original.
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Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes?
a. Reducing NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
b. Producing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria
c. Driving substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis
d. The second and third answers are correct.
e. The first two choices are correct.
The correct option is (e) i.e. the first two choices are correct. Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for the processes listed.
The oxidation of biological fuels in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, during the process of cellular respiration results in considerable amounts of energy that are utilised to power the primary production of ATP. Eukaryotic mitochondrial cristae are the site of oxidative phosphorylation. It is made up of the electron transport chain, which generates a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the inner membrane's edge by oxidising the NADH produced by the Krebs cycle. When the chemiosmotic gradient drives the phosphorylation of ADP, the ATP synthase enzyme creates ATP. When the foreign oxygen receives the electrons, it reacts with two protons to form water. Numerous illnesses may have an impact on cellular respiration. Given how crucial cellular respiration is to bodily functions, many of these disorders have a significant negative effect on people. The most common conditions that affect glycolysis are pyruvate kinase insufficiency, erythrocyte hexokinase deficiency, and glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency.
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What is the correct arrangement for the components of one strand in A DNA molecule?
Answer:The correct option is A.
Explanation:The correct option is A
Adenine-Thymine
Explanation of correct option:
Option A
DNA molecules consist of four nucleotides - adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
Base pairing in the presence of hydrogen bonding.
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
Is monggo good for stomach?
Monggo is beneficial for the stomach. Soluble fiber and carbohydrate in mung beans help to control digestion.
Therefore, compared to other legumes, moong beans' carbohydrate content is less prone to cause flatulence. Mung beans also include a lot of protein and fiber. Additionally, it is abundant in antioxidants, which reduce blood pressure. It also has various characteristics that help to regulate blood sugar levels.
Nevertheless, it should not be consumed by those who have issues with their kidneys or gallbladder. Oxalate, a substance found in mung beans, prevents the body from properly absorbing calcium. Therefore, those who are calcium deficient should stay away from it. Additionally, as they are difficult to digest, one should chew them thoroughly.
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A model of the infection of a host cell by a virus is shown here. Which statements accurately describe the processes involved in viral infection and replication? Select two that apply.
The infection of a host cell by a virus is done, the virus releases the genetic content in the host cell, the genetic content is replicated using the host enzymes, and the viral infection spreads.
What is the cause of the viral infection?The viral infection is caused by the virus when it attaches to the host cell and releases its genetic content, which is later replicated in the host cell and released through the host cell and this is called the lytic cycle of the virus while in lysogenic cycle the virus keeps developing in the host cell as the genome is incorporated in the host genome.
Hence, the infection of a host cell by a virus is done, the virus releases the genetic content in the host cell, the genetic content is replicated using the host enzymes, and the viral infection spreads.
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Eukaryotic processing of the primary transcript includes __________.
The main transcript is processed by eukaryotes by splicing out introns and adding a 5 cap and 3 poly-A tail.
The harder part comes first. Termination does not involve stem-loop structures. Three enzymes carry out transcription (RNA polymerases I, II and III).Transcription is more tightly regulated in prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, translation begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus and begins transcription inside the nucleus. RNA polymerase is directed to start producing RNA by a promoter site on the 5' side of the transcriptional start site. The RNA polymerase transcribes the sense (-) strand of the DNA template.In eukaryotes, the original RNA transcript is converted into mRNA by a process called maturation.
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