Ge has an ionization energy that is different than you would predict based off ENC values.
What is ionization therapy?Ionization enthalpy, which is used to turn an isolated gaseous atom into a gaseous cation, is the minimal amount of energy needed to remove the loosestly bonded electron.
Electron volts (eV) per atom, kilocalories per mole, or kilojoules per mole are used as units of measurement. Both the force of attraction between electrons and the nucleus and the force of repulsion between electrons are factors affecting I.E.
In an electric discharge tube, where a fast-moving electron produced by an electric current collides with a gaseous atom of the element, causing it to eject one of its electrons, the ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed in joules or electron volts, is typically measured.
Therefore, Ge has an ionization energy that is different than you would predict based off ENC values.
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9.8g of sodium hydroxide is added is 9.8g of sulphuric acid
a) what is the number of sodium hydroxide moles used?
b) what is the number of sulphuric acid moles used?
The compound cobalt (II) sulfate forms a hydrate with 6 water molecules per formula unit. What are the name and
formula of the hydrate?
The following text comes from a propane distributor's sales catalog.
Which of the following postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases does propane contradict?
Propane exists as a gas at standard pressure and
temperatures above -44°C. However, at high pressure or
lower temperatures, propane exists as a liquid.
O
A Molecules move in straight lines until they collide with the container or other molecules.
O B. Interactions among molecules, with the exception of collisions, are negligible.
O
C. The molecules of a gas are in constant, random motion.
O
D.
The average kinetic energy of the gas depends only on its temperature.
Answer:
c.the molecules of a gas are in constant random motion
Why is it important to identify the chemical properties of materials? Select all that apply
A. Materials that have a low melting point would be dangerous to use when temperatures are hot.
B. Flammable materials would be dangerous to use near fire.
C. A material's reactivity affects how long it will last under certain conditions.
D. A material's ability to break or bend affects how well it will work for certain uses.
All of the given options are correct and define the chemical properties of materials.
A. Materials that have a low melting point would be dangerous to use when temperatures are hot- Low melting points are very beneficial for a number of reasons, but they also unfavorably have a propensity to be poisonous or radioactive, Low bond energy and non-close packed crystal formations are common characteristics of metal elements with low melting points.
B. Flammable materials would be dangerous to use near fire -Fires are easily started by flammable materials. They can exist as solids, liquids, or gases. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG), paints, varnishes, and lacquers are typical flammable substances encountered in workplaces. Flammable materials present significant
C. A material's reactivity affects how long it will last under certain conditions- The less reactive a reactant is, the more stable it is. This implies that the rate of reaction will be slower the more stable the reactant. 2. Product Stability/Reactivity: The product's formation will be more advantageous the more stable the product is.
D. A material's ability to break or bend affects how well it will work for certain uses. A material's tensile strength, often known as its capacity to withstand being pulled apart by opposing forces, is the maximum tension load it can withstand before breaking. It is the highest strength a metal may acquire during a tension test, also known as ultimate strength.
Hence, all of the given options define chemical properties of materials.
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what is the pressure in a 17.0- l cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 k ?
The pressure in a 17.0-L cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 K is 2.26 atm.
IDEAL GAS LAW:
The pressure of a given gas can be calculated by using the ideal gas law equation as follows:
PV = nRT
Where,
P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = Number of moles
R = Gas law constant (0.0821 molK/Latm)
T = Temperature
Given,
V = 17 L
T = 320 K
R (Gas constant) = 0.0821
According to this question, a 17.0- l cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 K.
The number of moles of the oxygen gas (O₂) = 46.9g ÷ 32g/mol = 1.46mol
∴ PV = nRT
P × 17 = 1.46 × 0.0821 × 320
⇒17P = 38.357
⇒P = 38.357 ÷ 17
⇒P = 2.26 atm
Therefore, the pressure in a 17.0-L cylinder filled with 46.5 g of oxygen gas at a temperature of 320 K is 2.26 atm.
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when a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes blank. such a compound is often referred to as an electron donor.target 1 of 6 2. when a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes blank. such a compound is often referred to as an electron acceptor.target 2 of 6 3. in glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is blank.target 3 of 6 4. once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called blank.target 4 of 6 5. blank is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis.target 5 of 6 6. the reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis isblank.target 6 of 6
when a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes Oxidized. such a compound is often referred to as an electron donor.
when a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes Reduced. such a compound is often referred to as an electron acceptor.
in glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is Glucose.
once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called Pyruvate
5. NAD⁺ is the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis.
6. the reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis is NADH
A substance is said to be oxidized when it loses electrons, loses hydrogen, or receives oxygen.
However, the opposite happens with reduction. In other words, when a substance gains electrons, gains hydrogen, or loses oxygen, it is said to be reduced.
A substance that itself is reduced to oxidize another substance is called an oxidizing agent. Redox reactions occur simultaneously. That is, when one substance is oxidized, only another substance is reduced.
During glycolysis, the six-carbon compound glucose (C6H12O6) loses electrons and is finally converted to a three-carbon compound known as pyruvate (CH3COCOOH). In this process, an oxidant called NAD+ receives electrons and is itself reduced to NADH.
The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, while the chemical formula for pyruvate is CH3COCOOH. Looking at their chemical formulas, it is easy to see that glucose has lost hydrogen compared to pyruvate. That means that glucose has been oxidized. Glucose has 12 hydrogens for 6 carbons, but pyruvate has only 4 hydrogens for 3 carbons. This means that glucose was oxidized in the process because the molecule produced, pyruvate, has relatively few hydrogens.
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an element of group ii loses two electrons in the process of a chemical combination. what is its ionic charge? choose...
An element of group (II) loses two electrons in the process of a chemical combination. its ionic charge is + 2.
The group (II) element are the alkaline earth metals. metals have tendency to donate the electrons and form cation . the group (II) metal element have tendency to loose 2 electrons and for cation with ionic charge of +2. example :
beryllium atomic number is 4 . electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² it can loose and form Be⁺² , electronic configuration is 1s².
Thus, An element of group (II) loses two electrons in the process of a chemical combination. its ionic charge is + 2.
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Is cadmium oxide binary ionic or ternary ionic
Answer:it’s binary ionic
Explanation:
Which of the following is not required in the synthesis of fatty acids?
A) Acetyl-CoA
B) Biotin
C) HCO3- (CO2)
D) Malonyl-CoA
E) NADH
NADH is not required in the synthesis of fatty acids.
What are fatty acids?Fаtty аcids аre cаrboxylic аcids thаt аre structurаl components of fаts, oils, аnd аll other cаtegories of lipids, except steroids.
Acetyl-CoA is a precursor for the biosynthesis of fatty acids.Biotin is аn importаnt cofаctor for cаrboxylаse enzymes. Аs the nаme sounds, these enzymes аdd cаrboxylic аcid groups (-COOH) to whаtever compound they аct on. In fаtty аcid synthesis, biotin is required by the enzyme thаt forms mаlonyl CoА from аcetyl-CoА.HCO3- (CO2) is required for fatty acid synthesis in extracts from the avian liver.Malonyl coenzyme A (CoA) regulates fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids.Thus, the correct option is E.
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it took 20 sec for the temperature to rise form 0 degress to 212 degress when a thermometer was taken from a freezer and placd in boiling water. explain why at some moment in that interval the mercury was rising at exactly 10.6 degress/sec
Placed in boiling hot water and the freezer. Explain why the temperature was rising at a specific moment within that interval. 10.6°F/sec. 212°.
What does the word "digress" mean?When you veer off topic, you discuss or write about a different subject for a while before returning to your original topic. I've gone off topic a bit to explain the scenario thus far, so let will now summarize. She departed from the topic of her prepared remarks to honor the president.
Does diverge imply disagreement?The definition of "digress" (pronounced "dars") in the Webster Encyclopedic English Dictionary as well as the Cambridge Dictionary is "to wander away or veer from the current topic or subject of conversation or writing."
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What occurs if kelp is not present to absorb co2 or produce o2? explain the direct and indirect effects on the ecosystem.
If Kelp is absent from the aquatic environment, it will have a negative impact on all other living things because it cannot produce or absorb O2 or CO2.
How does photosynthesis work?
The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis.
Explanation:
The Protista kingdom of living things includes kelp, which can photosynthesize, or use light energy to create nourishment.
CO2 from the atmosphere is absorbed by photosynthesis, which then produces O2 as a gas.
As a producer of aquatic environments, kelp aids in the absorption of CO2 and the release of oxygen into the atmosphere. Other living things use this O2 for cellular respiration.
Other living things in the watery environment will suffer if kelp is not available to absorb CO2 or create O2.
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review conceptual example 2 as background for this problem. a charged particle moves through a velocity selector at a constant speed in a straight line. the electric field of the velocity selector is 3900 n/c, while the magnetic field is 0.333 t. when the electric field is turned off, the charged particle travels on a circular path whose radius is 4.36 cm. find the charge-to-mass ratio of the particle.
The electric field is turned off, the charged particle travels on a circular path whose radius is 4.36 cm. The charge-to-mass ratio of the particle 6.819*10⁵ c/kg
F=Fe+Fb=0
qvB=qE
v=E/b
Fr=Fb=qvB=mv²/R
qvb=mv²/R
v=qBR/m
v=E/B
q/m=E/RB²=6.819*10⁵ c/kg
Consequently, an atom can be either positive, negative, or neutral. After receiving an electron from another atom, the charged particle becomes negative. If an electron is removed from it, it becomes positively charged. Applications of charged particles are susceptible to electric field and magnetic field management of their motion and energy. According to this definition, a charged particle is a particle that has an electric charge. At the atomic level, an atom consists of a nucleus that the electrons orbit. Protons and neutrons combine to create the nucleus, which has a positive charge. Any charged atom or molecule is an ion. It has a charge because the atom or molecule's number of protons and electrons is not equal. Positivity can be added to an atom.
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Americium-241 will undergo nuclear decay to become Thallium-205. How many times does it need to undergo each time of radiation to achieve this?
The number of times that it needs to decay is nine times.
What is nuclear decay?
The term nuclear decay has to do with the situation in which a radioactive nucleus is disintegrated in order to form daughter nuclei. We know that the daughter nuclei that is formed depends on the kind of decay that has taken place.
Now we know that the decay that is undergone by the the Americium-241 is the alpha decay in which the mass number is reduced by 4. The implication of this is that from Americium-241 to Thallium-205 we have a decrease in mass of 36 units which means that there have been nine alpha decays.
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in a titration, 20 ml of 1.47 m nh3 was titrated with 0.20 m hcl. calculate the ph of the resulting solution after the addition 0 ml of the acid? (give your answer to two decimal places) (kb ammonia
The pH of the resulting solution is 7.
pH is determined by the concentration of hydronium and hydroxyl ions in a solution. pH is also known as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
pH determines the acidity and basicity of a given solution. It determines the number of protons that has been released or donated. In the given condition we have.
1.47 molar NH3that has been titrated to 0.20 molar HCL.
For 20 ml of solution, we get pH of 7.
Therefore, the pH of the give solution is 7.
Titration is used in quantitative tests while maintaining the concentration of the solution. A slight change in color marks the equalizing of volume and concentration.
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Occurs when the freezing point of a liquid is lowered by the addition of a solute.
When a liquid's freezing point is lowered or lowered by the addition of another component, freezing point depression occurs.
What is freezing point depression?
This will probably be the case for every issue you run into in this course involving freezing point depression as well as boiling point elevation, but it's a good idea to watch out for ions. It is important to note that both nonvolatile and volatile solutions can be modelled by these equations. This implies that the vapour pressure has no bearing on the change in temperature for the purpose of determining the freezing point depression as well as boiling point elevation. Additionally, keep in mind that a pure solvent is indeed a solution that hasn't had anything else dissolved or added to it. We'll contrast the solvent's original properties with those it acquires after being mixed with a solution.
ΔTf= Kf · b · i
ΔTf =freezing-point depression
Kf =cryoscopic constant
b =molality
i =van 't Hoff factor
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Consider three 5-l flasks, fixed with pressure gauges and small valves, each contain 4 g of gas at 273 k. Flask a contains h2, flask b contains he, and flask c contains ch4. Compare the flasks contents in terms of the characteristics listed.
Three 5-l flasks fixed with pressure gauges and small valves and each contain 4 g of gas at 273k, flask a contains H2, flask b contains He and and flask c contains CH4.
What is pressure?Force of all the gas particle or wall collisions divided by the area of the wall is called pressure.
a) Rank of pressure:
according to formula PV = nRT and when n = m/Mw
PV = m/Mw * R*T
when we have the same mass m and V volume so P will be proportional to the mole weight M such that when M is smaller, then the pressure will be greater
Given, Mw of H2(A) = 2 g ,Mw of He (B) = 4 g , Mw of CH4(C) = 16 g Pressure is :
(A) > (B) > (c)
B) The rank of average molecular kinetic energy:
K = 3/2 KB T
where K is the average kinetic energy per molecule of gas
KB is Boltzmann's constant
and T is the temperature
from this equation, we know that K only depends on T, and when we have the T constant here for A, B, and C, then the rank of K will be :
A = B = C
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How is an atom of the element xenon (Xe) likely to act during a chemical reaction?
(1 point)
It will likely lose electrons.
It will likely gain electrons.
It will likely be unreactive.
It will likely share electrons.
Considering the Noble Gases, the correct answer is the third option: Xenon it will likely be unreactive because it is a noble gas.
Valencia electronsValencia electrons are the electrons found in the last electronic layer (called valence orbitals). These electrons are what determine the ability of the atom to form bonds.
Noble gasesThe noble gases are a group of elements of the periodic table that are characterized, under normal conditions of pressure and temperature, as monatomic gases without odor, without color and with very low chemical reactivity.
The noble gases encompass the elements in group 18 of the periodic table and include six elements: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.
The noble gases are characterized by complying with the octet rule, that is, they have 8 electrons in their last energy level, with the exception of helium. This complies with the duet rule, because it only has two electrons.
In this way, the noble gases cannot have more electrons in their last energy level, because this level is already complete and stable. In this way, the noble gases have such a low reactivity and do not combine with other atoms, also calling them inert gases.
SummaryIn summary, Xenon is a noble gas and it will likely be unreactive.
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how many moles of iron are present in a pure sample weighing 558.4 grams
Answer:
You have to divide grams of iron by molar mass of iron. Molar mass is the same as atomic mass.
558.4/55.8
10.007 moles
Hope this helps!!!
A current is passed through three electrolytic cells connected in series containing solutions of silver trioxonitrate (v), copper (II)tetraoxosulphate (VI) and brine respectively. If 12.7g of copper are deposited in the second electrolytic cell, calculate :
A: the mass of silver deposited in the first cell
B:the volume of chlorine liberated in the third cell at 17°c and 800mmhg pressure.
(Ag=108,cu=63.5,1F=96500c,GMV of gas at S.T.P=22.4dm^3)?
Answer: check out the image
Explanation: check out the image
For liquids which of the factors affect vapor pressure?a. Volumeb. Humidityc. Surface aread. Inter molecular forcese. Tmperature
For liquids the following factors affect vapor pressure-
Intermolecular ForceTemperatureWhat exactly is vapor pressure?
The equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid (or solid), or the pressure of the vapor created by the evaporation of a liquid (or solid) above a sample of the liquid (or solid) in a closed container, is the vapor pressure of a liquid.
The temperature and intermolecular interactions between molecules affect a liquid's vapor pressure, which changes.
Temperature: As a substance's temperature rises, its vapor pressure also does. However, the vapor pressure decreases as the temperature does.
Molecular types:
The kind of molecules that compose a solid or liquid determine its vapor pressure.
If the intermolecular connections between molecules are quite strong, the vapor pressure will be fairly low.Due to the substance's relative weak interacting force, the vapor pressure will be high.Surface Area: When a solid or liquid interacts with a gas, the vapor pressure is unaffected by the solid or liquid's surface area.
Hence, for liquids the vapor pressure is affected by -Intermolecular Force and Temperature
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suppose a compound is involved in three different reactions denoted r1, r2, and r3. tripling the concentration of this reactant in all three reactions causes the rates of reaction to increase by factors of 3, 9, and 1, respectively. what is the order of each reaction with respect to this reactant?
Following is the order of the reactions: R1 = 1, R2 = 2, and R3 = 0.
What does the term "response" mean?Resistance or antagonism to an energy, influence, or movement is a reactionary act, process, or occurrence. especially: a reaction to a particular treatment, circumstance, or stimulus; leaning toward a past and typically antiquated political or social system or policy.
What does the word "reaction" signify in chemistry?Chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more substances—the reactants—into one or more additional substances—the products. Elements or chemical substances help compensate compounds. In a chemical process, the electrons that make it up the reagents are rearranged to create multiple products.cts.
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A nonreciprocal crossover causes which of the following products? A) deletion only. B) duplication only. C) nondisjunction. D) deletion and duplication
Duplication and deletion are brought on by a nonreciprocal crossing. When genetic material is transferred to one genome but not the other, this is known as a nonreciprocal crossover.
When genetic material is transmitted to one genome but not the other, this is known as a nonreciprocal crossover. No genetic material will then be added to replace the donated material, leaving the giving chromosome with a loss. Uneven crossing over is a sort of gene duplication or deletion process that eliminates a sequence from one strand and substitutes a duplication from the homologous chromosome during meiosis or from the sister chromatid during mitosis.
The term "independent assortment" describes how different genes or alleles sort into newly formed gametes. Chromosomes are independently divided into different gametes, leading to this independent assortment. Be aware that during crossing over, genes on each chromosome are rearranged.
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saturated liquid water at 150 kpa is contained in an insulated piston cylinder device. energy (2.6 mj). is transferred to the working fluid by a resistance heater. if there is 5 l of fluid, find the entropy change of the water during this process.
The entropy change of the water during this process is 5.4634KJ/K
Given:The volume of saturated liquid water in cylinder=5l
Pressure=150kpa
Q(added)=2100kg
At 150kpa,temperature is same as atm presuure=384.37k
[tex]Q=420KJ/KG[/tex]
[tex]Entropy=Q(added)/T[/tex]
[tex]Entropy=2100/384.37[/tex]
[tex]Entropy=5.4634 KJ/K[/tex]
Give the formula for entropy change.
Change in entropy ΔS = ΔQ/T.
What is the entropy change?
Entropy Change can be described as a shift in a thermodynamic system's state of disorder caused by the conversion of heat or enthalpy into work. Entropy is higher in a system with a high degree of disorderliness.
Thus, the entropy change of water during this process is 5.4634KJ/K
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Under what conditions of temperature and pressure would you expect gases to obey the ideal-gas equation?.
At high temperature and low pressure conditions of temperature and pressure expect gases to obey the ideal-gas equation.
What is ideal gas equation?
Ideal gas equation is given as
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
In this equation, P stands for the ideal gas's pressure, V for the ideal gas' volume, n for the total amount of the ideal gas expressed in moles, R for the universal gas constant, and T for temperature.
Explanation:
As opposed to real gases, which do not adhere to the Gas Laws at all temperatures and pressures, ideal gases do.
Real gases only abide with the Gas Laws at very low pressures and high temperatures. Because of the large amount of free space between the gas molecules in these circumstances, the actual volume may be very small. Additionally, because to their great distance from one another, molecules cannot sense intermolecular forces under these circumstances. Because of this, intermolecular forces are likewise insignificant.
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3. When 100 cm³ of 1.00 mol dm sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq), is added to 100 cm³ of 1.00 mol
dm hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), the temperature increases from 19.3 °C to 26.1 °C.
Determine the enthalpy change of neutralization for the reaction.
From the calculation, the enthalpy of the reaction is -56.8 kJ/mol.
What is the enthalpy of the reaction?We know that the enthalpy has to do with the energy that may have been absorbed or evolved in a reaction. We know that in the case of the reaction that we have, the reaction occurs as follows; [tex]NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ---- > H_{2} O(l) + NaCl[/tex]
The we have the following;
Number of moles acid = 1 M * 100/1000 = 0.1 moles
Number of moles of the base = 1 M * 100/1000 = 0.1 moles
In this case the reacting moles of the acid and the base are equal
Mass of the acid solution = 100 g
Mass of the base solution = 100 g
Total mass of the solution = 200 g
We then have the heat as;
H = mcdT
m = mass of the solution'
c = Heat capacity of the solution
dT = temperature change
Now;
H = 200 * 4.18 * (26.1 - 19.3)
H = 5.68 kJ
Then the enthalpy of the reaction is; -(5.68 kJ)/0.1 moles
= -56.8 kJ/mol
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HELP FAST!!!!!!!!!!!!! Acetic acid systematically named ethanoic acid is an acidic, colorless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula C2H4O2.
After adding 5-8% of acetic acid in water it becomes vinegar and is mostly used as preservatives in pickles.
The adjacent figure shows Lewis structure for acetic acid.
Indicate the number of sigma and pi bonds in the adjacent figure. State the meaning of sigma and pi bonds.
In acetic acid molecule, there are seven sigma bonds and one pi bond.
What are sigma and pi bonds?We know that the chemical bonds that are found in a substances are responsible for the joining of the atoms of the substance together. This implies that a bond is said to be formed any time that two atoms have been joined together in a molecule.
In this case, we have a molecule of acetic acid. There are several bonds that are formed as the atoms that form the acetic acid are being joined together. These bonds fall into two categories, the sigma bonds and the pi bonds.
The sigma bond are the bonds that are single bonds while the pi bonds are the bonds that are multiple bonds, we can know the sigma and the pi bonds by a close examination of the molecule as shown.
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be sure to answer all parts. in the following pair of compounds one is chiral and the other is achiral. identify each compound as chiral or achiral, as appropriate. the first compound is (select) and the second compound is
The first compound is achiral and the second compound is chiral.
A molecule is referred to as achiral if it has a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry. A molecule is referred to as chiral if it lacks a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry. As compound 1 possesses a plane of symmetry due to the presence of both OH groups at equatorial positions (they are on the same side of the cyclohexane ring) so it is achiral. In structure, both OH groups are on the opposing side of the cyclohexane ring. There is neither a plane of symmetry nor a center of inversion. So, compound 2 is chiral.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is attached as an image.
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calculate the energies of the states of the hydrogen atom with n=2 and n=3, and calculate the wavelength of the photon emitted by the atom when an electron makes a transition between these two states
The energies of the states of the hydrogen atom with n=2 and n=3, and the wavelength of the photon emitted by the atom is 656 nm.
The energy of the states of the hydrogen atom is given :
En = - ( 13.6 / n² ) eV
for n= 2 , it is given as :
En = - ( 13.6 / n² ) eV
En = - ( 13.6 / 2² ) eV
for n = 3 , it is given as :
En = - ( 13.6 / 3² ) eV
the electron jump between these two state the energy of photon emitted is :
E = | -3.4 eV - ( - 1.52 eV |
= 1.89 eV
the energy of photon is given as :
E = h c / λ
λ = h c / E
λ = ( 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s× 3 × 10⁸ m/s ) / 1.89 × 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
λ = 656 nm
Thus, The energies of the states of the hydrogen atom with n=2 and n=3, and the wavelength of the photon emitted by the atom is 656 nm.
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an imaginary planet was just discovered that has a similar environment to our planet earth. all the chemistry is similar except for the values of bond energies. use the planet's given bond energies to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the combustion of 1 mole of butane.
The combustion of 1 mole of butane is 4997 KJ/mol.
Solution:
The balanced chemical equation for 1 mol of pentane: -
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 + CO2 ⇒ 5CO2+6H2O
Enthalpy of reaction = Enthalpy of products - Enthalpy of reactants
Enthalpy of reactants = (5 C-C bonds)+(12 C-H bond)+(8 O=O bond) = (5×377KJ)+(12×226KJ)+(8×548KJ) = (1885+2712+4384)KJ = 8981KJ
Enthalpy of products = (5×2 C=O bonds)+(6×2 O-H bond) = (10 × 775) KJ + (12 × 519) KJ
= (7750+6228)KJ = 13978 KJ
Enthalpy of reaction = 13978 KJ - 8981 KJ
= 4997 KJ/mol
The warmth of response is the exchange in the enthalpy of a chemical response that occurs at a constant pressure. it is a thermodynamic unit of dimension useful for calculating the quantity of power in line with the mole either released or produced in a reaction. The reaction enthalpy is calculated by subtracting the sum of enthalpies of all of the reactants from that of the products.
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Consider a molecule that has carbon as the central atom and is best described by sp3 hybridization. How many other atoms are connected to this carbon?.
According to the molecular geometry, if carbon is central atom and is sp³ hybridized then it is attached to four other atoms.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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