The insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in amounts that are not multiples of three is referred to as a frameshift mutation in a gene.
What is Frameshift mutation?This is significant because a cell reads the genetic code for proteins in groups of three nucleotides.
These so-called "triplet codons" each stand for one of the 20 different amino acids that go into making a protein.
The entire gene sequence after the mutation will be misread if a mutation alters this regular reading frame. This may lead to the incorrect amino acids being added to the protein or the development of a codon that prevents the protein from getting longer.
Therefore, The insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in amounts that are not multiples of three is referred to as a frameshift mutation in a gene.
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Explain changes in osmotic pressure that occurs when cells are placed in solutions of differing concentrations. Can you describe what happens to cells in different solutions:
Osmotic pressure relies upon simplest on temperature and the difference in the concentration throughout the membrane.
The osmotic pressure of a solution is proportional to the molar concentration of the solute debris withinside the answer. As quickly because the solute molecules will increase the osmotic strain of answer boom. Osmotic strain is laid low with attention and temperature. Concentration of solute and temperature every have an effect on the quantity of strain created through the motion of water throughout a membrane. Higher concentrations and better temperatures boom osmotic pressure. If a cell is positioned in a hypertonic solution, water will depart the cell, and the cell will shrink. In an isotonic environment, there's no water movement, so there's no use withinside the length of the cell. When a cell is positioned in a hypotonic environment, water will input the cell, and the cell will swell.
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how the expansion of housing developments in southern California might limit coyote population in the area
Answer:
Explanation:
There are several ways in which the expansion of housing developments in southern California might limit coyote population in the area:
Habitat loss: As housing developments are built, natural habitats are often destroyed, which can limit the available space for coyotes and other wildlife.
Human-wildlife conflict: As housing developments bring more people into close proximity with coyotes, there is an increased likelihood of conflict between humans and coyotes. This can lead to coyotes being killed or removed from the area.
Fragmentation of habitat: The expansion of housing developments can also lead to the fragmentation of coyote habitat, making it more difficult for coyotes to move and interact with other members of their species.
Changes in prey availability: Housing developments can also alter the availability of prey for coyotes, which can impact their population size.
Overall, the expansion of housing developments in southern California can have a negative impact on coyote populations by limiting their habitat, increasing the likelihood of conflict with humans, and disrupting their natural behaviors and ecological relationships.
Of the following routes of administration, which will produce the fastest onset of effects? O Intramuscular injection. O Inhalation. O Using a rectal suppository. O Rubbing it on the head.
Intravenous injection is the most effective approach for quickly and accurately distributing a certain amount throughout the body. It is also used for irritating solutions that would cause pain and tissue damage if supplied by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.
Intravenous therapy (IV therapy) is a medical practice that involves injecting fluids, medicines, and nutrients directly into a patient's vein. Intravenous administration is extensively used for rehydration or to provide nutrients to people who are unable or unwilling to swallow food or drink by mouth due to reduced mental states or other causes.
It can also be used to administer medications or other types of medical therapy, such as blood products or electrolytes, to balance electrolytes. Attempts to administer intravenous therapy date back to the 1400s, but the practice did not become widespread until the 1900s, after protocols for safe and successful use were developed.
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How might a mutation affect the active site of an enzyme?
A mutation that occurs in a region of the DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence found in the active site of an enzyme can change the folded morphology of the active site and its affinity for its substrate.
Large regions of DNA can replicate when there is a mutation, usually as a result of genetic recombination. Animal genomes duplicate tens to hundreds of genes per million years, creating a significant genetic resource for the generation of new genes. The bulk of genes can be classified into bigger gene families that share an ancestor using sequence homology. The procedures that most typically result in novel genes are the duplication and mutation of an ancestral gene or the recombination of segments from several genes to create new combinations with novel functions. When connected, protein domains work as modules, each with a distinct purpose, to create genes that code for new proteins with unusual features.
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What if the bunnie i wa breeding had the genotype of WW and WWLL. How many generation would I need to wait to get a hort haired black bunny?
The generation that must be waited for the offspring of the short-haired black rabbit is the second generation with a probability of 6.25% or 1/16
WW white rabbit genotype, ww black rabbit genotype, LL long hair, ll short hair. If the genotype of a WWll rabbit is crossed with a wwLL then:
Parents: WWll >< wwwLL
Gametes: Wl><wL
Filial: WwLl
100% of their offspring will be white with long hair (WwLl)
If we cross two offspring to create a second generation (both WwLl), we get the following punnett squares:
Parents: WwLl >< WwLl
Gametes: WL, Wl, wL, w >< WL, Wl, wL, wl
Second Filial:
WWLL (white with long hair)
WWL (white with long hair)
WwLL (white with long hair)
Wwll (white with short hair)
WWL (white with long hair)
WWll (white with short hair)
Wwll (white with short hair)
Wwll (white with short hair)
WwLL (white with long hair)
WwLl (white with long hair)
wwLL (black with long hair)
wwLl (black with long hair)
WwLl (white with long hair)
Wwll (white with long hair)
wwlL (black with long hair)
wwll (black with short hair)
The phenotypic ratio of the second generation is 9 (white with long hair) : 3 white with short hair): 3 (black with long hair) : 1 (black with short hair)
The complete questions:
What if the bunnies I was breeding had the genotypes of WWll and wwLL. How many generations would I need to wait to get a short-haired black bunny? Use Punnett Squares to show why.
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What causes different illnesses and even premature death?
Smoking cigarettes and being exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke are leading causes of premature death.
death that occurs earlier than the typical death age for a population. The average death age is around 75 years old. The biggest causes of early death in the US are smoking cigarettes and being around people who smoke. They can make people more vulnerable to developing cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, and a host of other illnesses. Injuries are another reason for early mortality.
Ischemic heart disease, which accounts for 16% of all fatalities worldwide, is the world's leading cause of mortality. This disease has shown the highest increase in deaths since 2000, with an increase of more than 2 million deaths to 8.9 million deaths in 2019. The second and third most common killers, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively account for 11% and 6% of all fatalities.
Lower respiratory infections remained to be the most fatal communicable disease worldwide, ranking as the fourth most common cause of death. However, there have been fewer fatalities; in 2019, it claimed 2.6 million lives, 460 000 fewer than it did in 2000.
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Use this sentence: A fault cuts across several layers of rock. Which conclusion can be made?
A. The fault is younger than the layers of rock based on the law of inclusion.
B. The fault is younger than the layers of rock based on the law of crosscutting. C. The fault is older than the layers of rock based on the law of inclusion.
D. The fault is older than the layers of rock based on the law of crosscutting.
Answer:
I think its B
Explanation:
I DK if I'm right bc I'm stuck on the same question
just get one wrong and if you get everything else right, it won't matter at all.
The chemical (ethyl mercaptan) added to the otherwise odourless LPG cooking gas for imparting a detectable smell to the gas is a compound of
A. bromine
B. fluorine
C. chlorine
D. sulphur
The chemical (ethyl mercaptan) added to the otherwise odourless LPG cooking gas for imparting a detectable smell to the gas is a compound of sulfur. The correct option is D.
What is LPG?Propane, propylene, butylene, isobutane, and n-butane are only a few of the volatile hydrocarbon gases found in liquefied petroleum gas, which is a fuel gas.
LPG is a fuel gas used in cars, cooking appliances, and heating appliances. LPG exists inside the cylinder as both a liquid and a vapour (gas).
In order to give the normally odourless LPG cooking gas a noticeable smell, a chemical called ethyl mercaptan is added that is a compound of sulfur.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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What was the main aim of Mendel's experiment?
The main aim of Mendel's experiment was to understand the principles of inheritance of genetic traits in pea plants.
He performed a series of controlled crossbreeding experiments, where he carefully selected and crossbred pea plants that exhibited specific traits, such as seed color (yellow or green) and seed shape (round or wrinkled). He then recorded the characteristics of the resulting offspring and compared them to the characteristics of the parent plants. Through these experiments, Mendel discovered that certain traits were inherited in a predictable pattern, and that these patterns could be explained by the presence of genes that controlled the inheritance of each trait. He also discovered that these factors could be dominant or recessive, and that the combination of these factors determined the phenotype (observable characteristics) of the organism. These discoveries formed the basis of Mendel's laws of inheritance, which are considered to be the foundation of the field of genetics.
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Please help with this!
Use the information in the articles and in the introduction text to explain how gene therapy increase the probability of changing the inheritance of desired traits in people
According to the information in the articles and in the introduction text, gene therapy increases the probability of changing the inheritance of desired traits in people by improving the likelihood of a desired trait appearing in the offspring.
What is gene therapy?Gene therapy is a branch of medicine that focuses on altering a cell's genetic makeup to have a therapeutic impact or to treat a disease by replacing or repairing damaged genetic material.
Gene therapy improves the likelihood of desirable traits and attempts to treat illness or strengthen your body's resistance to illness by replacing a damaged gene or adding a new gene.
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Where is mucus present?
Mucus lines the inside of several body organs and cavities (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach).
Mucus is produced by membranes in the nasal passages and sinuses, in addition to the digestive tract, the cervix, and the urinary tract. Mucus' primary function is to prevent foreign particles and chemicals from getting into the lungs by working in conjunction with the mucociliary system and clearing them out.
Mucus is full of antibodies and enzymes, and it helps our immune systems by functioning as a natural filter for the bacteria that we come into contact with on a regular basis. Its purpose is to eliminate or render harmless any potentially hazardous bacteria that may be present in the air.
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A country has the following population statistics: crude birth rate = 12% crude death rate = 8% immigration = 2.8% emigration = 0.5% What is the growth rate of the population in this country?
A. 6.3
B. -0.7
C. 1.5
D. 1.6
Answer:A. 6.3 ong
Explanation:
ong
what is the characteristics of each plant group?
Answer:
Plant groups, also known as plant taxa, are classified based on shared characteristics. Some characteristics used to classify plants include the structure and arrangement of leaves, stems, and roots; the presence or absence of vascular tissue; the type of flowers or reproductive structures; and the number of cotyledons (seed leaves) present in the seed. Here are some examples of plant groups and some of their characteristics:
Ferns: Ferns are non-flowering plants that reproduce using spores. They have leafy fronds and root systems, but they do not have true stems, leaves, or flowers. Ferns are characterized by their vascular tissue, which helps transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Conifers: Conifers are a group of gymnosperms (non-flowering seed plants) that includes trees such as pines, spruces, and firs. Conifers are characterized by their needle-like leaves and their ability to produce seeds in cones. They also have vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Angiosperms: Angiosperms are a group of flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in fruit. They are the most diverse group of plants and include a wide variety of trees, shrubs, herbs, and other types of plants. Angiosperms are characterized by their flowers and the presence of cotyledons in their seeds.
Monocots: Monocots are a group of flowering plants that have one cotyledon in their seeds. They are characterized by their parallel-veined leaves, fibrous root systems, and the presence of vascular tissue. Monocots include plants such as lilies, grasses, and orchids.
Dicots: Dicots are a group of flowering plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds. They are characterized by their branching vascular tissue, net-veined leaves, and the presence of a taproot system. Dicots include plants such as roses, tomatoes, and oak trees.
Substance X was isolated in a urine sample, but it is too big to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane. How is this possible
It was secreted later in the distal tubule. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) should not be seen in urine since they cannot pass past the filtration barrier.
Their existence implies the presence of illness or infection. Leukocytes are immunological cells that should not be seen in urine.
The filtration membrane allows water and tiny solutes to flow through while blocking blood cells and big proteins. These substances persist in the bloodstream. The filtrate (the fluid that has gone through the membrane) flows farther into the nephron from the glomerular capsule.
Urine dipsticks use chemical analysis to give qualitative examination of several analytes in urine. Dipstick detects the presence of protein, glucose, blood, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase using dry chemical procedures.
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What conclusions can be drawn cross I and cross II? explain how the data support your conclusions for each other
Cross I and Cross II obey the law of dominance and the law of segregation, respectively, according to the mendelian pattern of inheritance.
The F1 has only shown a single dominant trait when mating with two pure breeding Geno types. By selfing two F1 parents, it was also discovered that the mono hybrid F2 ratio of 3:1 is followed by the progeny population.
The phenotype ratio of the dihybrid test cross is 1:1:1:1 or
The dihybrid test cross ratio's observed and predicted results do not significantly differ from one another.
Number of phenotypes Equals degrees of freedom -1= 4-1= 3
Critical Chi square value with 3 degrees of freedom and 5% level of the table significance is 7.82.
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Note: The missing table in the diagram is given bellow,
Which of the following is a true statement regarding photoreceptors? Check all that apply a. Rods are responsible for night vision. b. Rods are associated with photopic vision. c. Cones are associated with color vision. d. There are more cones than rods e. Cones function in brighter light.
the following is a true statement regarding photoreceptors is Rods are responsible for night vision.
What are the two types of photoreceptors?Two types of photoreceptors reside in the retina: cones and rods. The cones are responsible for daytime vision, while the rods respond under dark conditions. The cones come in three varieties: L, M, and S types.
What do rod photoreceptors detect?Photoreceptors in the retina are classified into two groups, named after their physical morphologies. Rod cells are highly sensitive to light and function in nightvision, whereas cone cells are capable of detecting a wide spectrum of light photons and are responsible for colour vision.
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The true statement about photoreceptors is-"Rods are responsible for night vision".
What are the four photoreceptors present in the eyes?There are four photoreceptor types in the human retina- Short-wavelength cones (blue), medium-wavelength cones (green), long-wavelength cones (red) and rods.
What is the main function of photoreceptors?Photoreceptors are specialized neurons found in the retina that convert light into electrical signals that stimulate physiological processes. Signals from the photoreceptors are sent through the optic nerve to the brain for processing.
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Where most ATP is created in mitochondria?
Most ATP is produced in the mitochondrial matrix, which is the fluid-filled space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
The process of ATP production in the mitochondria is called cellular respiration. It starts with the breakdown of glucose and other molecules in the cytoplasm by the process of glycolysis, which generates a small amount of ATP. The majority of the ATP is generated in the Mitochondria during the process of oxidative phosphorylation, where the electrons from the breakdown of glucose are passed through a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which generates a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP via ATP synthase.
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humans the allele for normal blood clotting, B is dominant to the allele for hemophilia, b. This is a sex-linked trait und on the X chromosome. The last Tsar of Russia (Nicholas II did not have hemophilia. His wife (Alexandra) also did not have hemophilia. They had a hemophiline son, and four normal daughters. What is/are the probable genotype(s) for each member of the family? Tsar Nicholas Empress Alexandra Daughter Olga Nikolaevna Daughter Tatiana Nikolaevna Daughter Maria Nikolaevna Daughter Anastasia Nikolaevna Son Alexei Nikolaevich
Tsar Nicholas: XBXB (since he does not have hemophilia, he must be homozygous dominant for the normal blood clotting allele)
Empress Alexandra: XBXb (since she does not have hemophilia, she must be a carrier of the hemophilia allele)
Daughter Olga Nikolaevna: XBXB or XBXb (she could have inherited the normal allele from her father or the carrier allele from her mother)
Daughter Tatiana Nikolaevna: XBXB or XBXb (same as Olga)
Daughter Maria Nikolaevna: XBXB or XBXb (same as Olga)
Daughter Anastasia Nikolaevna: XBXB or XBXb (same as Olga)
Son Alexei Nikolaevich: XbXb (since he has hemophilia, he must have inherited the hemophilia allele from his mother and a second copy from his father, who is the carrier).
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how do you know that these kittens come from the same litter?
These kittens come from the same litter because kittens from same litter can look different.
facts about Kittens -
Due to the possibility that kittens from the same litter may have different fathers, certain litters may contain half-brothers and half-sisters. This can occur when female cats have many matings with different males over a short period of time, resulting in multiple pregnancies and one litter.
Brothers are likely to have similar colors because male kittens always inherit their mom's fur color. The coats of female kittens, especially those with different dads, can differ from those of their sisters because they inherit a combination of their mother's and father's coloring.
Kittens will pick up a lot from their siblings throughout the first few months of life. You might notice kittens engaging in competitive play as they practice hunting and other activities with their littermates. Although it can occasionally appear a touch violent, as long as they are each pursuing and pouncing on the other in turn, it is a fantastic way for them to develop new abilities.
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What are 3 controllable and 3 uncontrollable risk factors?
Controllable risk factors are those that can be modified or changed through lifestyle choices or medical interventions. Uncontrollable risk factors are those that cannot be modified or changed.
Smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases, including lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. Quitting smoking Controllable can significantly reduce the risk of these diseases. A diet high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugars Controllable can increase the risk of heart disease, risk factor stroke, and other chronic diseases. Eating a healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats risk factor can lower the risk of these diseases. A Uncontrollable person's risk of certain diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, Uncontrollable risk factor can be influenced by their family history. Men have a higher risk of heart disease than women, while Uncontrollable risk factor women have a higher risk of osteoporosis and breast cancer.
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Patrick and Patty's son Patterson, who is heterozygous for pink body color (Pp) like his parents, gets married and has kids with Petunia, who is homozygous recessive for yellow skin. What is the likelihood that their kid will have yellow skin like it's mother?
a. 25% chance of yellow skin
b. 50% chance of yellow skin
c. 75% chance of yellow skin
d. it is not possible for their offspring to have yellow skin because Patterson has the dominant trait
Answer:
b. 50% chance of yellow skin
Explanation:
The likelihood that their kid will have yellow skin depends on the genetic makeup of both Patterson and Petunia. Patterson has the genotype Pp, which means he has one dominant allele for pink body color and one recessive allele for yellow body color. Petunia, on the other hand, has the genotype pp, which means she is homozygous recessive for yellow body color.
When they have children, each parent will contribute one of their alleles to their offspring. The offspring will have a 50% chance of inheriting the recessive allele for yellow body color from Patterson and a 50% chance of inheriting the recessive allele for yellow body color from Petunia. Therefore, the likelihood that their kid will have yellow skin is 50%.
In Drosophila, the gene for eye color (A), wing shape (B), and body color (C) are all found on the same chromosome. The following crossover frequencies for these genes were determined by & trihybrid test-cross experiments. Determine the sequence of genes A, B, and C on a chromosome. There are two correct answers: Crossover Frequency 12% Genes A&B A&C B&C 18%
The correct sequence of the genes A, B and C found on the same chromosome can be : B A C or C A B.
Genes are the part of DNA sequences that code for a certain protein responsible for a particular trait. These genes are present upon the chromosomes. Each chromatid can contain multiple genes on it.
According to the question, the crossover frequency between genes B and C is 18 % hence they are the farthest (18% = 18 centi-Morgan). And the frequency between genes A & B and A & C is 12% and 6% respectively. Therefore the distance of B and C is the sum of the remaining two. This determines the sequence could be B A C or C A B.
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giving a large number of points to whoever answers this
31. The cell membrane is primarily made up of these - E. phospholipids
32. The hydrophilic part of a phospholipid - A. phospholipid head
33. The hydrophobic part of a phospholipid - H. phospholipid tail
34. Protein that facilitates passive transport - D. channel protein
35. Protein that facilitates active transport - J. carrier protein
36. Molecule that stabilizes the membrane - G. cholesterol
37. Molecule that aids in cell recognition and signaling - I. carbohydrate molecule
38. A substance that can undergo facilitated diffusion - C. negatively charged ions
39. A substance that undergoes active transport - F. positively charged ions
40. Cellular energy needed for active transport - B. ATP
What are phospholipids?Phospholipids are the main lipid that is found in the cell membrane.
The structure of phospholipids is that they have a hydrophilic head group and a hydrophobic tail.
They are arranged in the form of bilayers in cell membranes.
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Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured. These values are listed in the following table. Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently? Cell 2, since it has the highest ratio of surface area to volume, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment Cell 1, since it has the smallest volume and wilt not produce as much waste as the other cells. Cell 3, since it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes efficiently. Cell 3, because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane.
The cell 3 will have the ability to remove the waste highly efficiently and easily.
The best explanation for why a cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently is Cell 3, as it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes efficiently. Larger cells have a smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio than smaller cells, meaning that they have to rely on their larger surface area to facilitate the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment. As such, having a larger surface area will enable a cell to eliminate all of its wastes efficiently.
Cell 1 and cell 2 owing to there small surface area will not be that efficient at removing waste. So, for exchange of waste more surface is required in addition to having a good concentration difference between inside and outside of the cell.
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What is the benefit of having a high surface area to volume ratio?
High surface area to volume ratios operate as significant "driving forces" to accelerate thermodynamic processes that minimize free energy.
The surface area of a solid item is a measurement of the overall space that the thing's surface occupies.
The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is significantly more complex than the definition of arc length for one-dimensional curves or the definition of surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with flat polygonal faces), where the surface area is equal to the sum of the areas of its faces.
The surface area of smooth surfaces, such as spheres, is calculated using their parametric surface representation. This surface area definition, which is based on infinitesimal numbers, employs partial derivatives and double integration.
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The point at which the nerves from the left side of the body cross over into the right side of the brain, and vice versa, is the __________. Group of answer choices
The point where the nerve passes from the left side of the body to the right side of the brain and vice versa is the medulla oblongata.
The medulla oblongata, also called the medulla oblongata, the lowest part of the brain, the lowest part of the brainstem. The medulla oblongata is connected to the midbrain via the pons, enters posteriorly into the spinal cord, and joins at an opening in the base of the skull (foramen magnum).
The left hemisphere controls the right half of the body, and vice versa because of a crossing of the nerve fibres in the medulla or, less commonly, in the spinal cord. Although the right and left hemispheres are mirror images of each other in many ways, there are important functional differences.
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Please help me with biology works
I need this ASAP
Answer:
H
Explanation:
I can’t even see the questions
The skin helps regulate body temperature by perspiration, which allows excess heat to leave the body. If you lost the ability to sweat, what could happen to you if you were running a marathon.
If you lost the ability to sweat, Dehydration occurs when the fluid lost through sweating is not sufficiently replaced.
Sweating too little can pose potentially serious health risks. Strenuous exercise, hard physical labor, or hot weather can lead to heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and even heat stroke if decreased sweating affects large parts of the body and prevents adequate cooling.
The number one reason for not sweating is dehydration. If you don't drink enough water before and after exercise, your body is at risk of becoming severely dehydrated. Sweat is mostly water, so not having enough in your body means you can't produce enough sweat. Very healthy people sweat more than unhealthy people.
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A team of biologists discovers a new ecosystem with a large lake and lush vegetation surrounding it. They monitor the ecosystem for a year but record no rainfall during that time. Which statement best explains the state of the water cycle in this ecosystem? The water is gathered in lakes or flows to oceans. The water in the atmosphere forms dew, fog, or clouds. Water stays predominantly in lakes or groundwater sources. Water is frozen underground instead of flowing on the surface.
The statement that best explains the state of the water cycle in this ecosystem is: Water stays predominantly in lakes or groundwater sources.
The correct option is C.
What is an ecosystem?The entire group of organisms and the natural setting in which they live together make up an ecosystem. Through nutrient cycles and energy exchanges, these biotic and abiotic elements are interconnected. Photosynthesis is the mechanism by which energy enters the system and is absorbed into plant tissue.
Since no rainfall occurs during the year of study in the ecosystem, the water is present in lakes and underground water.
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