Which of the following are the four common types of effectiveness MIS metrics? Multiple Choice Usability, customer satisfaction, conversion rates, affordability Usability, customer satisfaction, conversion rates, financial Unstructured decisions, customer satisfaction, conversion rates, financial Usability, customer service, conversion rates, fiscal year revenue

Promoting employees until they reach their highest level of incompetence is called the Peter Principle.

The Peter Principle is a concept that suggests individuals within a hierarchical organization will continue to be promoted until they reach a position in which they are no longer competent. The Peter Principle is based on the idea that organizations tend to promote employees based on their current performance, assuming that success in one role translates to success in the next.

However, skills and abilities required for one position may not necessarily align with those needed in a higher-level role. This mismatch between the skills of an individual and the demands of their new position can lead to decreased effectiveness, decreased productivity, and potentially negative impacts on the overall performance of the organization.

To mitigate the effects of the Peter Principle, organizations can focus on evaluating and promoting employees based on their potential and suitability for the new role, rather than solely on their past performance.

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The statement is true according to the expectancy theory. This theory suggests that an individual's level of motivation is influenced by their expectation of a particular outcome or reward based on their effort and performance.

According to this theory, individuals will choose to exert a certain amount of effort if they believe that it will result in a desirable outcome or reward. Therefore, the statement that "a person will choose that effort level to exert which results in the maximum output given the least input" is consistent with the expectancy theory. It is important to note that this theory suggests that individuals' expectations are shaped by factors such as their past experiences, the environment, and the content loaded with their expectations. In summary, the expectancy theory offers valuable insights into understanding how individuals' motivation levels are influenced by their expectations and perceptions of rewards and outcomes.

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The correct answer is option a. LCL = 15.632 (in $1000s) and UCL = 23.268 (in $1000s).We must utilise the provided data to determine the confidence interval in order to forecast the monthly sales of a salesman with 10 years of experience with 95% confidence. The confidence interval gives us a range where the true value is likely to fall.

We get the mean and standard deviation of sales for the salespeople with 10 years of experience using the provided data:

Mean ($1000) = (2 + 30) / 2 = 16.

(In $1000s) Standard Deviation = sqrt((2-16)2 + (30-16)2) / sqrt(2) = 12

This is how the 95% confidence interval is calculated:

Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) = Mean - (1.96% * (SD / sqrt(n)))

Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) = Mean + (1.96% * (SD / sqrt(n)))

Plugging in the values:

LCL = 16 - (1.96 * (12 / sqrt(10))) ≈ 15.632 (in $1000s)

UCL = 16 + (1.96 * (12 / sqrt(10))) ≈ 23.268 (in $1000s)

Therefore, the predicted monthly sales of a salesperson with 10 years of experience with 95% confidence is between $15,632 and $23,268 (in $1000s).

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The annual worth (AW) of an asset is calculated by considering its initial cost, operating costs, and salvage value over a specific period of time. In this case, with an initial cost of $20,000, annual operating cost of $8,000, salvage value of $5,000 after 3 years, and an interest rate of 10%, the AW for one and two life cycles can be determined.

To calculate the annual worth (AW), we need to consider the cash flows associated with the asset over its lifetime. The cash flows consist of the initial cost, operating costs, and salvage value.

For one life cycle, the cash flows are as follows:

Year 0: Initial cost = -$20,000

Year 1, 2, 3: Operating cost = -$8,000 each year

Year 3: Salvage value = +$5,000

To find the AW, we discount each cash flow to its present value using the interest rate of 10%. The present value of each cash flow is calculated as follows:

Year 0: -$20,000 / (1 + 0.10)^0 = -$20,000

Year 1, 2, 3: -$8,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = -$7,273

Year 3: $5,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3 = $3,504

Now, we sum up the present values of all the cash flows:

AW = -$20,000 - $7,273 - $7,273 - $7,273 + $3,504 = -$38,315

For two life cycles, the cash flows are the same, but they repeat twice. Therefore, we need to consider the present value of each cash flow for two cycles:

AW = 2 * (-$20,000 - $7,273 - $7,273 - $7,273 + $3,504) = -$76,630

Hence, the AW for one life cycle is -$38,315 and the AW for two life cycles is -$76,630. The negative sign indicates that the project or asset results in a net cost over the specified period.

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Greeting your client with a firm handshake is part of the service essential known as "Professionalism and Etiquette." This essential focuses on creating a positive and professional impression during client interactions.

A firm handshake is a common gesture that conveys confidence, respect, and sincerity. It helps establish trust and sets the tone for a productive relationship. Along with a firm handshake, professionalism and etiquette encompass other aspects such as proper attire, active listening, effective communication, and respectful behavior. By incorporating these elements, businesses can enhance their image, build strong client relationships, and create a positive customer experience.

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The McVegan failed to meet the key criteria for successful market segmentation, which is "targetability."

The key criteria for successful market segmentation that the McVegan failed to meet is targeting the right customer group. Although there was a demand for a vegan option among vegetarians, McDonald's did not properly research and analyze their target market to determine if there was enough demand for the product. The slow sales indicate that vegetarians did not frequent McDonald's enough to make the product a success. Therefore, the market segmentation strategy for the McVegan was not effective in reaching the desired customer base.

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A negative/ message/information that opens with the bad news, proceeds to the reasons for the situation or the decisions, and ends with a positive statement is using direct approach.

Direct talk is a direct entry into the subject, after greetings and references to previous communications. The more indirect technique requires some delay before delivering the message, while the direct technique delivers the message immediately after the greeting. The situation and the way you want to convey your message will determine which approach you choose.

If you use the indirect strategy, prefix the message with some buffer or padding. While they may state facts, these buffers usually show appreciation and understanding.  

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The total expenses for the mall are $3,420,000 ($600,000 + $20,000 + $2,800,000). To be indifferent to signing a triple net lease at $25 per foot annually, the gross rent from Abercrombie & Fitch must cover these expenses. This means the total gross rent for the space must be at least $428,000 ($3,420,000 ÷ 8,000 square feet), which is equivalent to $53.50 per square foot annually.

To calculate the gross rent amount year one at which the mall is indifferent to signing a triple net lease at $25 per foot annually, we need to consider the expenses and revenue associated with leasing the space to Abercrombie & Fitch.
First, we need to calculate the total expenses for the mall. The annual insurance policy is $600,000. The assessed property tax value is $80 million, and the county charges a millage rate of 250 BP with no discount for early prepayment. This results in an annual property tax expense of $20,000. Additionally, the common area maintenance for the building is $7 per square foot, which equals $2,800,000 for the entire mall.

Next, we need to calculate the revenue from leasing the 8,000 square feet of space to Abercrombie & Fitch. At $25 per square foot annually, the gross rent for the space is $200,0

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Rothlisberger Corporation's intangible assets consist of a patent, franchise, and trade name, with a total carrying value of $261,000.

Rothlisberger Corporation's intangible assets as of December 31, 2017, are as follows:

1. Patent: The cost of developing the patent was $70,000, and legal fees associated with the registration of the patent were $20,000, totaling $90,000. The patent has a useful life of 10 years, and the legal life of the patent is 20 years. Therefore, the patent's carrying value on the balance sheet is $63,000 ([$90,000/10] x 6).

2. Franchise: The initial franchise fee paid by Rothlisberger was $150,000. The useful life of the franchise is estimated to be 15 years. Therefore, the carrying value of the franchise on the balance sheet is $100,000 ([$150,000/15] x 8).

3. Trade name: The trade name was purchased from Stine Company for $80,000, and expenditures for successful litigation in defense of the trade name totaling $18,000 were paid. The trade name is estimated to have an indefinite life. Therefore, the carrying value of the trade name on the balance sheet is $98,000 ($80,000 + $18,000).

The intangible asset section of Rothlisberger Corporation's balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, would look like this:

INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Patent                                                    $63,000
Franchise                                              $100,000
Trade name                                            $98,000
Total Intangible Assets                             $261,000

It's important to note that intangible assets are reported on the balance sheet at their carrying value, which is the cost of the asset minus any accumulated amortization or impairment charges.

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FALSE. Measuring marcom effectiveness is not a simple task and many organizations struggle with doing so in a sophisticated manner.

There are many different metrics and factors to consider when measuring effectiveness, and it often requires a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to get a complete picture.

Measuring marcom (marketing communications) effectiveness is not relatively simple. It can be quite complex, as it involves evaluating various factors such as reach, engagement, and conversions. Most organizations face challenges in accurately measuring marcom effectiveness and may not be doing a sophisticated job due to limited resources, lack of expertise, or insufficient data.

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b. false. It is necessary to verify that the consumer has Medicare Parts A and B at the time of enrollment, as these are the basic coverage components for most Medicare plans and ensure eligibility for additional coverage options.

It is necessary to verify that the consumer has Medicare Parts A and B at the time of enrollment. This verification is important to ensure that the consumer is eligible for the plan they are enrolling in and that they meet the requirements for coverage. However, a more detailed answer may include that there are certain circumstances where a consumer may be allowed to enroll in a plan without first verifying their Medicare Parts A and B coverage, such as if they are new to Medicare or have recently lost coverage through an employer-sponsored plan. Nonetheless, in general, it is important to verify Medicare coverage at the time of enrollment to avoid any issues with coverage down the line.

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The comparative income statements and additional data for Harmon Décor, Inc. show the gross profit (GP), operating income (OI), and earnings per share (EPS) for a specified period of time.

In this case, Harmon Decor, Inc. has provided comparative income statements and additional data that includes the GP, OI, and EPS. GP is the profit that a company makes after deducting the cost of goods sold from its revenue. OI is the amount of income that a company generates from its operations, after accounting for expenses. EPS is the portion of a company's profit that is allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.

Step 1: Calculate Gross Profit (GP)
Gross Profit = Net Sales - Cost of Goods Sold

Step 2: Calculate Operating Income (OI)
Operating Income = Gross Profit - Operating Expenses

Step 3: Calculate Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Earnings Per Share = Net Income / Number of Outstanding Shares

Step 4: Compare the calculated values for GP, OI, and EPS between the different periods to understand the company's financial performance and identify trends.

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The statement that the life expectancy of a $20 bill is estimated to be 7.9 years illustrates the characteristics of durability and portability of money. Durability refers to the ability of money to withstand wear and tear over time, while portability refers to its ease of being carried and exchanged.

The fact that a $20 bill can circulate for an average of 7.9 years suggests that it is designed to be durable, as it needs to withstand frequent handling and usage without getting easily damaged or worn out. Additionally, the portability of money is demonstrated by the fact that a $20 bill is lightweight and compact, making it easy to carry and exchange in daily transactions. Durability is an important characteristic of money as it ensures that it remains intact and usable over an extended period. The statement about the life expectancy of a $20 bill indicates that it is designed to be durable enough to withstand the wear and tear it may experience during its circulation. Money is constantly being handled, folded, and exchanged, so it needs to be made from materials that can resist tearing, fading, or deteriorating easily. Portability is another key feature of money. The fact that a $20 bill is small, lightweight, and easy to carry illustrates its high portability. Money needs to be convenient to transport and exchange, enabling people to carry it in their wallets or pockets without much inconvenience. The portability of money ensures its wide acceptance and usability in various transactions, making it a practical medium of exchange in everyday life. In summary, the statement that the life expectancy of a $20 bill is estimated to be 7.9 years highlights the characteristics of durability and portability in money. The durability aspect emphasizes its ability to withstand wear and tear, while the portability aspect highlights its ease of transportation and exchange. These characteristics contribute to the overall functionality and acceptance of money as a medium of exchange in the economy.

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Incentive pay and enhancing corporate culture are complementary to each other in the context of modern business, according to economic analysis.

Economic analysis suggests that enhancing corporate culture and implementing incentive reward plans are complementary rather than substitutes for each other. Both elements play important roles in improving overall business performance and productivity.

While incentive pay provides individuals with financial motivation to achieve specific goals, enhancing corporate culture focuses on creating a positive work environment, fostering collaboration, and aligning employees' values with the organization's mission.

When implemented together, these approaches can reinforce and support each other, leading to higher employee engagement, increased productivity, and improved overall business outcomes.

Therefore, rather than being sources of inefficiencies or following a convex functions principle, incentive pay and corporate culture enhancement are seen as complementary strategies that can enhance organizational performance and success.

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To calculate the required return when the risk-free rate is 5.8 percent and the risk premium is 6.6 percent, follow these steps:

1. Identify the risk-free rate, which is given as 5.8%.
2. Identify the risk premium, which is given as 6.6%.
3. Add the risk-free rate and the risk premium together.

So, the required return can be calculated as follows:

Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + Risk Premium
Required Return = 5.8% + 6.6%

Now, simply add the two percentages together:

Required Return = 12.4%

Therefore, the required return is 12.4%.

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In designing an effective channel strategy, evaluating the justification of costs after using the distribution channel can be achieved through a post-analysis assessment.

This assessment involves measuring the performance and outcomes of the channel strategy, analyzing the costs incurred, and determining if the results justify the investment made. By conducting a comprehensive evaluation, businesses can make informed decisions regarding their channel strategy and optimize their allocation of resources. Evaluating the justification of costs after implementing a distribution channel is a crucial step in designing an effective channel strategy. This assessment involves analyzing the performance and outcomes of the channel strategy and comparing them with the costs incurred during its implementation. By conducting a post-analysis evaluation, businesses can determine whether the benefits gained from the channel strategy outweigh the costs. To evaluate the justification of costs, various metrics can be used, such as sales revenue, customer acquisition cost, profitability, and return on investment (ROI). These metrics provide insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of the channel strategy. For example, if the sales revenue generated through the distribution channel surpasses the costs associated with it, it indicates a positive return on investment. On the other hand, if the costs outweigh the generated revenue, adjustments may be necessary to optimize the channel strategy or explore alternative distribution channels. Additionally, it is important to consider the long-term implications of the channel strategy. While immediate results may not always justify the costs, a distribution channel can have a lasting impact on brand visibility, customer reach, and market penetration. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation should take into account both short-term and long-term benefits and costs. In conclusion, evaluating the justification of costs after implementing a distribution channel is crucial in designing an effective channel strategy. By conducting a post-analysis assessment and considering metrics such as sales revenue, customer acquisition cost, profitability, and ROI, businesses can determine whether the investment in the channel strategy is justified. This evaluation enables informed decision-making, resource optimization, and potential adjustments to the channel strategy for better outcomes.

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A global firm can develop transnational centers of excellence as an effective technique to achieve several key objectives. First and foremost, these centers can serve as focal points for knowledge-sharing and best-practice dissemination across the entire organization, helping to ensure that all employees are working to the same high standards. This can be especially important in global organizations, where different regions or business units may have their own unique approaches to problem-solving or operational execution.

In addition, transnational centers of excellence can help to promote greater consistency and standardization in processes and procedures, which can be essential for achieving economies of scale and maximizing efficiency. By bringing together experts from different parts of the organization and leveraging their collective knowledge, these centers can help to identify and implement best practices that can be applied globally, leading to improved performance and increased competitiveness.

Another key benefit of transnational centers of excellence is that they can help to foster innovation and collaboration  
In conclusion, developing transnational centers of excellence can be an effective technique for global firms looking to improve their performance, increase efficiency, foster innovation, and build a strong corporate culture. By leveraging the collective knowledge and expertise of employees from around the world, these centers can help organizations to achieve their strategic objectives and stay competitive in a rapidly changing global marketplace.

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Answer:

a process in which change is initiated based on some anticipatory event or opportunity on the horizon is known as Proactive change.

Proactive Is The Answer For The Blank~

When the balance of trade is in balance, it means that a country's exports are equal to its imports.

In this scenario, we can conclude with certainty that the value of goods and services exported by the country is equal to the value of goods and services imported into the country. This balance in trade has several implications:

No trade surplus or deficit: A balanced trade indicates that there is neither a trade surplus (exports exceed imports) nor a trade deficit (imports exceed exports). The country is not relying on exports to generate additional income or accumulating excess imports that need to be financed.

Exchange of goods and services: A balanced trade signifies that the country is engaged in a reciprocal exchange of goods and services with its trading partners. It implies that the country is both importing goods and services that it requires and exporting goods and services that other countries demand.

Economic equilibrium: A balanced trade suggests that the country's international trade is in a state of equilibrium. It signifies that the supply and demand for goods and services in the domestic and international markets are relatively aligned, resulting in a balance between exports and imports.

Stable currency: A balanced trade can contribute to currency stability. When a country's trade is in balance, there is no significant pressure on its currency's value due to trade imbalances. This stability can be beneficial for economic planning and financial markets.

It is important to note that a balanced trade does not necessarily mean that all individual trade relationships or sectors within the economy are perfectly balanced. There can still be variations in trade balances with specific trading partners or industries. However, at an aggregate level, a balanced trade indicates an overall equilibrium between a country's exports and imports.

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The equity beta would be 1.695 if the firm changes its debt-equity ratio to 0.5.

Equity beta, also known as asset beta or leveraged beta, is a measure of the systematic risk or volatility of a company's stock relative to the overall market. It quantifies the sensitivity of a company's stock returns to fluctuations in the market returns.

To determine the equity beta after changing the debt-equity ratio, we can use the formula:
β_equity_new = β_equity_old * [1 + (1 - tax rate) * (debt-equity ratio_new - debt-equity ratio_old)]
Given:
β_equity_old = 1.5
debt-equity ratio_old = 0.3
debt-equity ratio_new = 0.5
tax rate = 35%
Let's calculate the equity beta:
β_equity_new = 1.5 * [1 + (1 - 0.35) * (0.5 - 0.3)]
β_equity_new = 1.5 * [1 + 0.65 * 0.2]
β_equity_new = 1.5 * [1 + 0.13]
β_equity_new = 1.5 * 1.13
β_equity_new = 1.695
Therefore, the equity beta would be 1.695 if the firm changes its debt-equity ratio to 0.5.

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Cutoff in September 2021, the exact percentage of corporate events within the overall event market may vary depending on the specific region and industry.

However, corporate events typically constitute a significant portion of the overall event market. It is common for corporate events, including conferences, meetings, trade shows, product launches, and corporate retreats, to make up a substantial percentage of the total events industry.

While I do not have an exact percentage, it is safe to say that corporate events hold considerable importance within the broader event market due to the significant number of conferences, business-related gatherings, and promotional activities organized by corporations across various sectors.

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The information gathered from comparing an employee's work to an established standard is a critical aspect of performance management. When evaluating an employee's work, it is essential to have a clear and well-defined standard that outlines the expectations and objectives for their role.

The process of comparing an employee's work to this standard involves examining their performance in areas such as quality, productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness. The goal of this comparison is to identify areas where the employee is excelling and areas where they need improvement. This information is then used to provide feedback and coaching to the employee to help them develop their skills and enhance their performance.

The detailed answer would also touch upon the importance of ongoing evaluation and the need to adjust the standard as needed to reflect changes in the job or organization. Overall, the information gathered from comparing an employee's work to an established standard plays a crucial role in ensuring that employees are meeting expectations and contributing to the success of the organization.

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Answer:

a performance appraisal

Explanation:

In the hierarchical data model, the mapping from parent to child is one-to-many.

This means that a parent can have multiple children, but each child has only one parent. The relationship is structured in a tree-like structure where each parent can have multiple children, but each child can have only one parent.

This hierarchical structure is commonly seen in organizational charts, file systems, and family trees, where each level represents a parent-child relationship. The one-to-many mapping allows for easy navigation and retrieval of information from top to bottom in the hierarchy.

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To circumvent employee resistance to change, it's important to involve employees in the change process, communicate clearly and transparently, where needed. By doing so, you can help employees feel more confident and empowered to embrace change.  

There are several reasons why employees may resist change:

Fear of the unknown: Employees may be hesitant to embrace change because they are unsure about what it will bring. Providing clear and transparent communication about the changes and their benefits can help alleviate this fear.

Lack of trust in leadership: If employees don't trust their leadership, they may be less likely to support changes. Building trust through open and honest communication, listening to feedback, and demonstrating a commitment to employee well-being can help overcome this resistance.

Resistance to change for change's sake: Sometimes, changes are made without a clear understanding of why they are necessary or how they will benefit employees. It's important to have a clear and compelling reason for the change, and to communicate it effectively.

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Understand you will need feedback from employees on the implementation of the diversity program, both positive and negative. Do not shy away from setting high, but realistic, goals while implementing a diversity program.

Equal Opportunity: Ensuring that all individuals have an equal chance to succeed and be treated fairly, regardless of their background, race, gender, ethnicity, or other characteristics. Adherence to Laws and Regulations: Recognizing the importance of complying with federal and state laws related to equal opportunity employment and diversity, and integrating them into the diversity program.

It is important to note that without specific information about the training content, other principles could have been discussed as well. However, based on the information provided, these two principles are the most relevant to the given scenario.

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When Vivian Inc. declares a 15% stock dividend, the stock dividend distributable account should be credited.

This account represents the amount of dividends that have been declared by the company but have not yet been paid to the shareholders. By crediting this account, the company is acknowledging that it owes the shareholders a certain amount of stock dividends that will be paid out at a later date. It is important to note that stock dividends do not affect the overall equity of the company, as they are essentially a distribution of shares rather than cash. Therefore, the stock dividend distributable account is used to keep track of the amount of shares that have been distributed to shareholders as a result of the dividend declaration.

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To find the profit-maximizing price for the pure monopoly, we need to identify the price at which marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC).

First, let's calculate the marginal revenue and marginal cost for each quantity demanded:

Price: $2.75, Quantity Demanded: 3

MR = $2.50 - $2.75 = -$0.25

MC = ($4.50 - $4.00) / (4 - 3) = $0.50

Price: $2.50, Quantity Demanded: 4

MR = $2.25 - $2.50 = -$0.25

MC = ($4.75 - $4.50) / (5 - 4) = $0.25

Price: $2.25, Quantity Demanded: 5

MR = $2.00 - $2.25 = -$0.25

MC = ($5.75 - $4.75) / (6 - 5) = $1.00

Price: $2.00, Quantity Demanded: 6

MR = $1.75 - $2.00 = -$0.25

MC = ($7.75 - $5.75) / (7 - 6) = $2.00

Price: $1.75, Quantity Demanded: 7

MR = $0.00 - $1.75 = -$1.75

MC = ($7.75 - $7.75) / (7 - 6) = $0.00

From the calculations above, we can see that the marginal revenue is consistently $0.25 less than the price, while the marginal cost varies. The profit-maximizing price will occur where MR = MC. In this case, it happens at a quantity demanded of 5, and the corresponding price is $2.25.

Therefore, the profit-maximizing price for the pure monopoly will be b) $2.25.

If local governments are successful in imposing wage requirements on large retailers, the large retailers may take a few different actions.

One possibility is that they may raise their prices to cover the additional costs of paying their employees higher wages. This could result in higher prices for consumers, which may negatively impact sales for the retailers. Another option is that the retailers may cut back on the number of employees they have, reduce employee hours, or decrease benefits to offset the added expenses.

Increasing the prices of their products to offset the increased labor costs.  Reducing their workforce or hiring fewer employees in an effort to maintain profit margins. Investing in automation to replace some human labor and minimize wage expenses.

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According to the Coase theorem, as long as the parties concerned are permitted to negotiate, it makes no difference who is granted ownership rights to the air in the case of cigarettes. Here option A is the correct answer.

The Coase theorem is an economic concept developed by Ronald Coase that addresses the issue of externalities, which are costs or benefits imposed on individuals who are not directly involved in a particular transaction or activity. In the case of tobacco and its associated smoke-filled environment, the Coase theorem suggests that the allocation of property rights alone can lead to an efficient outcome, regardless of who initially holds those rights.

Option A) The Coase theorem supports this statement. According to the theorem, if property rights to the air are well-defined and enforced, the parties involved, such as tobacco manufacturers and individuals affected by the smoke, can negotiate and reach a mutually beneficial solution. The initial assignment of property rights may affect the distribution of costs and benefits, but it does not impact the overall efficiency of the outcome.

Option B) This statement is not consistent with the Coase theorem. The theorem does not require that the victims of an externality be given specific rights. It suggests that once property rights are clearly established, the involved parties can negotiate and find an efficient outcome, regardless of who holds the rights.

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a) Contribution Margin per Unit is $29 per unit.

b) Contribution Margin Ratio is  20%.

c) Break-Even Units is 15,900 units.

d) Break-Even Dollars  is $2,305,500.

(a) To compute the contribution margin per unit, subtract the variable costs per unit from the selling price per unit:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price per Unit - Variable Costs per Unit
Contribution Margin per Unit = $145 - $116 = $29 per unit

(b) To compute the contribution margin ratio, divide the contribution margin per unit by the selling price per unit:
Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin per Unit / Selling Price per Unit
Contribution Margin Ratio = $29 / $145 = 0.2 or 20%

(c) To compute the break-even point in units, divide the company's annual fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit:
Break-Even Units = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit
Break-Even Units = $461,100 / $29 = 15,900 units

(d) To compute the break-even point in dollars of sales, multiply the break-even point in units by the selling price per unit:
Break-Even Dollars = Break-Even Units * Selling Price per Unit
Break-Even Dollars = 15,900 units * $145 = $2,305,500

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