The choice from above which is not true about the scientists who made contributions to the development of the atomic theory is:
Dalton was known for the plum pudding model of the atom.
The correct answer choice is option b.
Understanding plum pudding model of the atom.John Dalton did not make a contribution of plum pudding model regarding the atomic theory. Surely, this model was based on the work of sir JJ Thomson. In his contribution, he stated that: " atoms were known to consist of negatively charged electrons "
An atom is an indivisible particle of an element which takes in a chemical reaction. This statement was made by Dalton.
So therefore, John Dalton did not propose the plum pudding model but was made by Thomson.
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Column (A)
1. Mercury
2. Oxygen (
3. Bromine
Bd
4. Mercuric oxide
5 silver b
6. Chemical change
Column (B)
a) decomposition of a
compound
b) malleable and
ductile
c) nonmetal, liquid at
room temperature
d) compound
e) metal, liquid at room
temperature
f) does not have a
definite volume
1. mercury - metal, liquid at temperature
2. oxygen - does not have a definite volume
3.Bromine - non-metal, liquid at room temperature
4.mercuric oxide - compound
5. silver -malleable and ductile
6. chemical change - decomposition of compound
What is mercury?The only common metal that is liquid at room temperature is mercury, a chemical element. It is a thick, silvery-white liquid metal that is frequently referred to as quicksilver. Mercury is a metal in transition.
Since mercury is a chemical element, it cannot be made or destroyed. Since the creation of the earth, the same quantity has been present on the planet. However, both natural and human activity can cycle mercury in the environment. Additionally, there have been numerous new uses for mercury metal in electrochemistry and electrical equipment. Mercury metal has a significant vapour pressure at normal temperature and is a volatile liquid.
At 20°C, mercury has a density of 13.6 g.cm-3.
Mercury is a metallic element that is liquid and has a wide range of uses. Additionally, it has dangerous qualities.
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Which law explains the following observation: Carbon monoxide can be formed by reacting 12 grams of carbon with 16 grams of oxygen. To form carbon dioxide, however, 12 grams of carbon must react with 32 grams of oxygen.
Group of answer choices
Democritus' atomos theory
law of definite proportions
law of multiple proportions
law of conservation of mass
The law that explains the given observation of the formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is the law of multiple proportions.
The correct answer choice is option C.
What is the statement of the law of multiple proportions?The law of multiple proportions states that when an element combines with another element B to form more than one compound, the mass in which the different masses of A combine with a fixed mass of B are in simple multiple multiple ratios.
The law of multiple proportions can be explained below using C and O:
C combines with O to form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide respectively.
Carbon monoxide can be formed by reacting 12 grams of carbon with 16 grams of oxygen.
However, to form carbon dioxide, 12 grams of carbon must react with 32 grams of oxygen.
Ratio of O in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide = 16 : 32
Ratio of O in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide = 1 : 2
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23.5 g of sodium chloride convert to mole and explain
If you look at the molar mass of sodium on the periodic table, it is 22.99 grams/mole. If you look at the molar mass of chlorine on the periodic table, it is 35.45 grams/mole.
To find the molar mass of sodium chloride, we add these two values and that gets us 58.44 grams/mole.
Alright, so we know that 1 mole of NaCl is equal to 58.44 grams, so how many moles would 23.5 grams of NaCl be?
Now we just divide 23.5/58.44 and you get 0.40 moles of NaCl. (If you're confused on what value to put in the numerator, always put the value that you're interested in converting or calculating for.)
Answer: 0.40 moles
What is the energy of a 4.25 x 10^8 Hz wave?
The energy of a 4.25 × 10⁸ Hz wave is 2.816 × 10-²⁵ J.
How to calculate energy?The energy of a wave can be calculated by multiplying the frequency of the wave by Planck's constant as follows:
E = hf
Where;
E = energy (J)H = Planck's constant (J/s)f = frequency (Hz)According to this question, the frequency of a wave is given as 4.25 × 10⁸ Hz. The energy, if the Planck's constant is 6.626 × 10-³⁴ J/s, can be calculated as follows:
E = 6.626 × 10-³⁴ × 4.25 × 10⁸ Hz
E = 2.816 × 10-²⁵ J
Therefore, the energy of the wave is 2.816 × 10-²⁵ J.
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Help PLSSSSSSSSSSSSS
The answer is the first one.
What is the pH of a 1.4 *10^-4 M solution of KOH?
What is the hydronium ion concentration of the solution?
M
The pH of KOH is 10.14 and the hydronium ion concentration of the solution is 3.9 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] M .
The pH and the hydronium ion concentration of the solution of KOH is calculated as ,
The pOH = - ㏒ [ [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ]
Given , concentration of hydroxide ion = 1.4 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M
So put the value of concentration of hydroxide ion in equation 1
pOH = - ㏒ 1.4 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M
pOH = 3.85
pH + pOH = 14
pH = = 14 - pOH = 14 - 3.85 = 10.14
pH = - ㏒ [ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 10.14
[ [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ] = 3.9 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] M
Therefore , the pH of 1.4 × [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M solution of KOH is 10.14 .
Therefore , the hydronium ion concentration of the solution is 3.9 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] M .
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a sample of iron absorbs 0.0810 kj of heat, upon which the temperature of the sample increases from 19.7°c to 28.2°c. if the specific heat of iron is 0.450 j/g·k, what is the mass (in g) of the sample?
The mass of the heat and tempreture will be "12.33 g".
what is heat and tempreture?
The energy is transmitted from one object to the next as a consequence of something like a temperature differential.
The heat has been affected by elements such as particle speed, physical properties, as well as particle quantity, among others.
As per the question
Heat, ΔH = 81.0 J
Specific heat, C = 0.450 J/g°C
Temperature, ΔT = 32.5 - 17.9
= 14.6°C
Enthalpy change of a process -
→ ΔH = m × C × ΔT
By substituting the values, we are getting
81.0 = m × 0.450 × 14.6
m = 12.33 g
So this answer is correct.
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Help!! Find the approximate pressure of 2 moles of helium in a 0.3
m3 container at 300 K
A. 2000 Pa
B. 17000 Pa
C. 1500 Pa
D. 370 Pa
The approximate pressure of 2 moles of helium in a 0.3m³ container at 300 K is 17000 Pa (option B).
How to calculate pressure of a gas?The pressure of a gas can be calculated using the following formula;
PV = nRT
Where;
P = pressureV = volumen = number of molesR = gas law constant = 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K T = temperatureAccording to this question, 2 moles of helium in a 0.3m³ container is at 300K. The pressure can be calculated as follows:
P × 300 = 2 × 0.0821 × 300
300P = 49.26
P = 0.164 atm
This pressure value in Pascals is 16617.3, which is approximately 17000 Pascals.
Therefore, the pressure of a 2 moles of gas is 17,000 Pascals.
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a chemist prepares a solution of barium chloride by measuring out of barium chloride into a volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water.
The concentration of the barium chloride solution is found to be 29.67 µmol/L.
The quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a certain volume of solvent or solution is measured by the solution's concentration. A solution that contains a lot of dissolved solute is said to be concentrated. If there is just a little amount of dissolved solute in a solution, it is said to be dilute.
Molarity is one of the most often used ways to represent the concentrations of solutions. It is the quantity of moles of solute dissolved in a solution that is one liter in size.
Given:
Barium chloride = 8.9 µmol
Volume = 300ml
To find:
Concentration of the solution = ?
Formula:
(Concentration of solute / volume of solution) x (1000mL/1L)
Calculations:
(8.9 / 300) x (1000/1)
= 29. 67 µmol/L
Result:
Therefore, the concentration of the barium chloride solution is 29.67 µmol/L
The complete question is:
A chemist prepares a solution of barium chloride by measuring out 8.9 μmol of barium chloride into a 300mL volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water.
Calculate the concentration in μmol/L of the chemist's barium chloride solution. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
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a 5.416 sample that contained nacl and bacl2 * 2h2o was heated. after heating the sample has a weight of 4.911g. what is the percent nacl in the sample.
36.78% (percent) of NaCl is present in the original sample mixture of NaCl and [tex]BaCl_2.2H_2O[/tex].
Given:
Original mass of sample mixture containing NaCl and [tex]BaCl_2.2H_2O[/tex] = 5.416g
After heating, the mass of the sample = 4.911g
To find:
Percent of NaCl in the sample = ?
Formula:
Percent of NaCl in the sample = (Mass of NaCl / Mass of original sample) x 100
Calculations:
Mass of water = 5.416 - 4.911 = 0.505g
Molar mass of [tex]BaCl_2[/tex] = 208.23g/mol
From the chemical formula - [tex]BaCl_2.2H_2O[/tex],
2 mols of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is attached with 1 mole of [tex]BaCl_2[/tex]
Therefore, with 208.23g of [tex]BaCl_2[/tex] , 36.03g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is attached.
Therefore, 0.505g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is attached with:
(208.23 / 36.03) x 0.505g of [tex]BaCl_2[/tex].
= 2.919g of [tex]BaCl_2[/tex]
Thus, Mass of NaCl in the original sample mixture = 4.911 - 2.919 = 1.992g
Percent of NaCl in the sample mixture = (1.992 / 5.416) x 100
Percent of NaCl in the sample mixture = 36.78 %
Result:
The percent of NaCl in the original sample mixture is 36.78%
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How is continental crust different from oceanic crust?
a Continental crust is more dense and contains a lot of basalt.
b Oceanic crust is thinner and younger.
c Continental crust is thinner and younger.
d Oceanic crust is thicker and contains a lot of granite.
The way that continental crust different from oceanic crust is that option B: Oceanic crust is thinner and younger.
Is oceanic crust younger or older?Oceanic crust is much, much younger than continental crust, mostly as a result of subduction. The Ionian Sea, which is a component of the eastern Mediterranean basin, contains or has the oldest known oceanic crust.
Therefore, Oceanic crust differs from continental crust in a number of respects, including thickness, as well as density, age, and also that of chemical make-up. However, in subduction zones, oceanic crust is likewise destroyed.
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A 50.0 mL unknown aqueous sample was tested in the laboratory. The unknown sample was identified
to be lead (II) ions by a precipitation reaction with sodium iodide. Since the unknown was identified to
have lead (II) ions in it, a student added excess sodium chloride (NaCl) to the 50.0 mL sample. A white
precipitate was made and was subsequently filtered, washed, and dried to completion. The precipitate
was measured to have a mass of 2.350 grams.
The student added sodium chloride in order to precipitate lead II chloride because this is a positive test for lead II ions.
What is a precipitate?Some times when we carry out an aqueous phase reaction, the products of the reaction would be found to be in the solid phase. This implies that one of the products of the reaction is insoluble in water and separates out of the solution.
In this case, the student knows that lead II chloride is insoluble in water thus it is obtained upon the addition of sodium chloride. This informed the addition of the sodium chloride solution.
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Missing parts;
A 50.0 mL unknown aqueous sample was tested in the laboratory. The unknown sample was identified
to be lead (II) ions by a precipitation reaction with sodium iodide. Since the unknown was identified to
have lead (II) ions in it, a student added excess sodium chloride (NaCl) to the 50.0 mL sample. A white
precipitate was made and was subsequently filtered, washed, and dried to completion. The precipitate
was measure to have a mass of 2.350 grams.
(a) How did the students determine through the addition of sodium iodide that the sample had lead (II)
ions in it?
in the lab you found the acrylic density cube was found to have a volume of 1.01 cm3. what would you predict the volume to be in milliliters using the water displacement method?
Because a flux-pressure curve is initially measured before the pore size distribution is determined, the liquid displacement method is an indirect approach for determining the pore size distribution of a membrane.
Water displacement method - To do this, all you need to do is place the food in a resealable zipper-lock bag, and then carefully lower the bagged food into the cooking vessel filled with water. Air is forced through the top of the bag by the water's pressure. Carefully seal the bag once the majority of the air has been removed, just above the water line.
Total volume minus liquid volume equals volume of the thing.
6.2 mL minus 5.5 mL equals 0.7 mL.
Now, the object's density will be;
Mass / volume equals density (Liquid - Displacement).
We swap out
Density = 0.66 g / 0.7 mL (Liquid - Displacement)
Density = 0.942857 0.94 g/mL (Liquid - Displacement).
As a result, the cube's density for the liquid displacement method is 0.94 g/mL.
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Think about the animals in an arctic ecosystem. How would those animals adapt over time if global temperatures rise over the next several hundred years?
Given the fact that we are seeing a rise in the temperature of the globe, the artic animals in that ecosystem must adapt by a reduction in the rate of metabolism.
What is global warming?Several evidences continue to emerge that the temperature of the earth have continued to increase and this is largely due to the fact that since the turn of the twentieth century and the rise of industrialization, there have been a rise in the emission of the carbon dioxide and other green house gases into the environment. As a result of this, the temperature of the earth has continued to rise steadily leading to the melting of the ice cover and the destruction of ecosystems that are found around the artic regions of the earth.
Now, we know that an organism is able to adapt to the changes that occur in its habitat by being able to alter some of its structure and function.
Given that the organisms that live in the artic are adapted to cold regions and low temperatures, the metabolic rate of the organisms is high in order to produce heat.
As a result of the rise in global temperatures, the organisms would have to reduce their rate of metabolism.
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How many atoms are present in 4.56moles of sulfur?
Avogadro's number (6.02*1023) of something is defined as 1 mole. So one mole of sulfur (or any other element) equals 6.02*1023 atoms. 4.56 moles is only 4.56 times as much.
What is atoms?An atom is a matter particle that defines a chemical element uniquely. An atom is made up of a central nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is positively charged and contains one or more heavy particles called protons and neutrons. An atom is a fundamental particle of matter that contains at least one proton. Here are a few atom examples: neon (N) and hydrogen (H) (Ne). Because atoms were once thought to be the smallest things in the universe and could not be divided, the term "atom" comes from the Greek word for indivisible.To learn more about atoms, refer to:
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determine the limiting reactant and calculate the number of grams of sulfur dioxide, so2, that can be formed when 27.3 g of methane thiol, ch3sh, reacts with 38.6 g of oxygen, o2. ch3sh(g) 3 o2(g) → 2 h2o(g) co2(g) so2(g)
As a result of the reaction between oxygen and methanethiol (CH_3SH), 25.8 grams of sulfur dioxide (SO_2) are produced, and the limiting reactant is oxygen (O2).
This is further explained below.
What is a chemical reaction?A process that results in the change of one set of chemical substances into another set of chemical substances is referred to as a chemical reaction.
Generally, the equation for the chemical reaction is mathematically given as
[tex]\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{SH}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_2(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_2(g)+\mathrm{SO}_2(g)[/tex]
[tex]Number \ of \ moles = \frac{ Given \ mass}{Molecular \ mass}[/tex]
moles of methanethiol=[tex]\frac{27.3}{48.11}[/tex]
moles of methanethiol=0.56moles
moles of oxygen [tex]= \frac{32.01}{38.6}[/tex]
moles of oxygen [tex]= 0.82 moles[/tex]
Considering the response,
When one mole of CH_3SH interacts with three moles of O_2, one mole of SO_2 is produced.
As a result, 0.56 moles of CH_3SH undergo a reaction, which results in 0.56 moles of SO_2 being produced.
0.56 grams of SO_2 are created, which is equal to 35.86 grams.
moles of SO₂ [tex]= \frac{35.86}{ 64.06}[/tex]
moles of SO₂ = 0.55 moles
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Determine the molecular shape of each compound based on their Lewis structures.
CH₂Cl₂
Obent
Olinear
Otetrahedral
niwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
An invasive species is a species that disrupts the ecosystem into which it is introduced by displacing species.
An existing ecosystem can suffer from damage from invasive species in many different ways, such as shifting habitats and depriving native creatures of food and resources.
What is an invasive species?An invasive species is an organism that damages the environment or the economy in a new location in which it is not native. Invasive species may disrupt the food chain of a ecosystem by killing or substituting natural food sources. The invasive species could provide little to no food value to wildlife.
What is an example of a invasive species?Accidental introduction of invasive species into a new area is common. In Central Asia, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea are home to zebra mussels. Zebra mussels accidently made their way to the Great Lakes of North America after becoming affixed to massive ships that sailed between the two areas.
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which statement provides an accurate description of plastic?
" It is a synthetic substance made with natural materials."
Plastics are high molecular mass organic polymers that frequently incorporate additional materials.
Typically, they are synthetic and come from petrochemicals.
Plastics are produced from natural resources including coal, natural gas, salt, and crude oil through the polymerization process.
The process of joining monomer molecules in a chemical reaction to create polymer chains or three-dimensional networks is known as polymerization, in the field of polymer chemistry.
These monomers combine to create a lengthy chain that gives rise to a final product with particular features. Polymerization refers to the entire process of a polymer being created. Polymers include things like polythene and nylon 66.
Thus, we can define plastics as synthetic materials produced from natural resources.
Plastics are therefore a synthetic material made from natural materials.
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How would I find the the concentration of acetic acid in my vinegar sample using the average volume and concentration of sodium hydroxide, and the volume of vinegar, I have?
Average Volume Sodium Hydroxide: 0.0225L
Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide: 0.250 mol dm-3
Volume of Vinegar: 0.0100 Litres
Explanation:
from
c1v1=c2v2
c1=?
c2=0.250
v1=0.0225
V2=0.0100
c1×0.0225=0.250×0.0100
0.0225c1=0.0025
0.0225c1/0.0225=0.0025/0.225
c1=0.1111
The two
stages of photosynthesis in plants showing their chemical reactions
Answer:
absorption of light and Carbon Fixation
Explanation:
in addition to acting as a comparison to the post-partition salicylic acid solution, the pre-partition salicylic acid solution (no mixing with chloroform) serves a 2nd propose to:
In addition to acting as a comparison to the post-partition salicylic acid solution, the pre-partition salicylic acid solution (no mixing with chloroform) serves a 2nd propose to act as a standard for linear regression analysis.
What is the text of Fick's law?According to Fick's law, the rate of a substance's diffusion across a unit area (like a surface or membrane) is proportional to the gradient in concentration.What is the definition of Fick's first law?According to Fick's First Law, the proportionality constant D for flow to concentration gradient is the diffusion coefficient.What makes Fick's law significant?As oxygen and carbon dioxide must pass through the alveolar membrane in the course of the gas exchange process, the velocity at which gases can diffuse across membranes is a crucial component of respiratory physiology.What is the second diffusion law of Fick?The rate of concentration buildup (or depletion) within a volume is proportional to the local curvature of the concentration gradient, according to Fick's second law of diffusion.To learn more about Fick's law visit:
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6. A 100 mg sample of a compound containing C, H and O is analyzed. All the carbon is converted
to CO₂ with a mass of 176 mg of CO₂. All of the hydrogen is converted to H₂O with a mass of
36mg. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. What is the molecular formula if
there are 8 carbon atoms per molecule? What is the molar mass?
Answer: L
Explanation:
30° Celsius is equivalent to _______ ° Kelvin.
Group of answer choices
303
273
0
243
30° Celsius is equivalent to 303° Kelvin (option A).
What is temperature?Temperature is a measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.
Temperature can be measured in Kelvins, according to the standard international systems of units. Although it has other units of measurement such as;
degrees Celsius (°C)degrees Fahrenheit (°F)The conversion factor of degrees Celsius to Kelvin is as follows:
K = °C + 273
According to this question, 30° Celsius is given. This measurement in Kelvins can be calculated as follows:
K = 30°C + 273
K = 303K
Therefore, 303K is the equivalent measurement of 30°C.
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select all statements that correctly describe formal charge. multiple select question. formal charges represent the actual charges on atoms in a molecule. formal charge is the comparison of an atom's associated electrons with its isolated valence electrons. formal charge can be used to determine the most plausible lewis structure for a given compound. the formal charges of the atoms in a species must add up to zero.
Formal charges represent the actual charges on atoms in a molecule.
The formal charge can be used to determine the most plausible Lewis structure for a given compound.
What is meant by a formal charge?A formal charge is defined as the charge that is assigned to an atom in a molecule in which we assume that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between two atoms without relative electronegativity. The formula for assigning formal charge to atoms in the Lewis structures is given below:
Formal charge = Number of valence electrons - (number of lone-pair electrons + half number of bonding electrons).
''Lone pair electrons" are also called "nonbonding pairs" or "unshared pairs". When an atom has several bonds and a complete octet shell, then its formal charge is 0. Formal Charge is the charge of an atom in a molecule or ion in which all of the bonding electrons were divided between atoms in the bond equally.
So we can conclude that options A and C are the correct answer.
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Some students were measuring the volume of a cube shaped wooden
block. They measured the length to be 5.08 cm, the width to be 5.09 cm,
and the height to be 5.10 cm. The actual volume of the block was 145.3
cm^3. What was their percent error?
Your answer
If the actual volume of the block was 145.3, then their percent error was −10.18%
What is percentage error?The difference between an observed value and a true, accepted value is measured as percentage error. The outcome of data measurement frequently deviates from the actual value.
Error can occur for a variety of reasons, often related to human error, but also due to estimations and the limitations of the measurement tools used.
In any case, figuring out the percentage error in these situations can be helpful. The absolute error, or difference between the observed and true value, is used to calculate percentage error.
The relative error is then multiplied by 100 to produce the percentage error after the absolute error is divided by the true value.
Volume of a cube = s³
Volume of the cube is then
V = 5.08 × 5.09 × 5.1
V = 131.87 cm³
Percent errors are calculated by the following formula
%E = (V.a - V.e)/V.a × 100%,
where
%E = percentage error
V.a = actual volume
V.e = expected volume
Substituting the values we get
%E = (131.87 - 145.3) / 131.87 × 100%
%E = −13.43 / 131.87 × 100%
%E = −0.1018 × 100%
%E = −10.18%
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need help badly!! will give 50 points for who completes this! photo above
Whenever you are trying to find the volume of something you have to multiply length by width and by height
the nernst equation is used to determine the value of ecell for an electrochemical reaction under conditions; the difference between ecell and eocell is a function of .
Looking at the Nernst equation (the equation used to calculate the reduction potential of a half-cell or a cell), we can conclude that the difference between [tex]E_{cell}[/tex] and [tex]E^{0}[/tex] is a function of absolute temperature and the reaction quotient.
The Nernst equation looks like this:
[tex]E = E^{0} -\frac{RT}{zF}lnQ[/tex]
[tex]E[/tex] is the reduction potential of the reaction in question,
[tex]E^{0}[/tex] is the standard electrode potential,
[tex]R[/tex] is the universal gas constant,
[tex]T[/tex] is the absolute temperature (in Kelvins),
[tex]z[/tex] is the number of electrons transferred in the course of the reaction,
[tex]F[/tex] is the Faraday constant, and
[tex]Q[/tex] is the reaction quotient calculated as the ratio of products and reactants
From this, we can see that the variables for the difference between [tex]E_{cell}[/tex] and [tex]E^{0}[/tex] for a given reaction are absolute temperature and reaction quotient, because [tex]R[/tex], [tex]F[/tex] and [tex]z[/tex] remain constant.
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In what ways are the electronic structures of the group 14 (4A) elements similar? In what ways are they different?
Answer:
The electron structures of the group 14 (4A) elements are similar in that they are all part of the carbon group. Thus, they each have 4 electrons in their valence shell. Also, most of these elements are found in our daily lives except germanium. They are different in that their properties differ greatly despite them being somewhat alike.
Explanation:
I hope this helps! I took this class last year.
Sociology emerged in the early 1800s during a period of great social change when many academics and other educated citizens were fascinated by scientific discoveries. Social issues like the low high school graduation rate continue to interest sociologists today. Why do you think it is still important to understand and study society today?
Sociology emerged in the early 1800s during a period of great social change when many academics and other educated citizens were fascinated by scientific discoveries social issues like the low high school graduation rate continue to interest sociologists today still important to understand and study society today because it gives students an understanding of the real world around them
Sociology is the of human society and social behavior and it started from 1800s during a period of great social change and studying social sciences gives students an understanding of the real world around them an students learn about places, cultures, and events around the world, what conspired to make them the way they are can make inferences about how the rest of the world works
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