According to John Dalton, atoms are tiny, unbreakable particles without any internal organization.
What substances make up atoms?Protons, neutrons, & electrons are three incredibly small subatomic particles that make up an atom. The nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, sits in the middle of an atom, and an electron cloud flies around it.
The size of an atomThe typical radius of an atom is 0.1 nm. An average pin head may hold about 5 million hydrogen. An atom's nucleus is 10,000 orders of magnitude smaller than the nucleus itself. The nucleus of an atom would be the diameter of a garden pea if it were the size as Wembley Stadium.
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Rubber is considered a(n) _______
solid because it does not melt at a distinct temperature
Answer: amorphous
Explanation:
Amorphous solids don't have an organized structure and therefore don't have a definite melting point. They slowly soften and melt as the temperature increases.
find the percent by mass of sodium chloride in a 1.45 m nacl solution. the density of the solution is 1.07 g/ml .
6.616% of sodium chloride is present in solution as a mass percent.
What benefits does chloride provide the body?An example of an electrolyte is chloride. It functions with additional electrolytes like sodium, potassium, & carbon dioxide (CO2). These compounds support the maintenance of the body's hydrochloric balance and correct fluid balance.
What does chloride in a blood test mean?One of the elements in your blood is chloride. Chloride blood tests determine whether you have healthy amounts of chlorine in your blood. Dehydration, vomiting, and other medical disorders are just a few of the many things that can lead to an abnormally high quantity of sodium in your blood.
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A student is reacting magnesium and hydrochloric acid by placing a strip of Mg
metal into a beaker containing HCL solution. Which of the following would
increase the rate of reaction between the Mg and the HCL?
removing some of the HCL solution from the beaker
freezing the Mg strip before adding it to the beaker
cutting the Mg strip into smaller pieces
adding less HCl to the initial solution
For the student who is reacting magnesium and hydrochloric acid by placing a strip of Mg metal into a beaker containing HCl solution, the rate of reaction between the Mg and the HCl will be increased by:
cutting the Mg strip into smaller pieces; option CWhat is the rate of a chemical reaction?The rate of a chemical reaction is the rate at which the reactant molecule is converted or the rate at which product molecules are formed.
Mathematically;
Reaction rate = mole of reactants converted or mole of product formed / time takenThe factors that affect the rate of a reaction are:
temperaturepressureconcentrationpresence of a catalystthe surface area of the reactants - reaction rate increases with an increase in the surface area of the reactantsIn the given reaction, the surface area of the reactants can be increased by cutting the magnesium metal strips into smaller pieces thus, increasing the reaction rate.
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Answer:
It C smh smh
Explanation:
Usatest prep and expert explanation
using the ideal gas law, determine how many moles of an ideal gas are required to fill a 1.09 l can at , and 1.00 atm pressure.
Using the ideal gas law, the moles of an ideal gas required are
Volume = 1.09 L
Pressure = 1.00 atm
Temperature (not given so we take the room temperature) = 25 °C or 298 K
Value of R = 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K
Number of moles = ?
Ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
Rearrange it for the number of moles (n)
n = PV / RT
Put the values
number of moles (n) = 1.00 atm × 1.09 L ÷ 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K × 298 K
number of moles (n) = 1.09 / 24.46 mol
number of moles (n) = 0.0446 mol
So 0.0446 mol of an ideal gas is required to fill 1.09 L can.
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When 0. 485 g of compound x is burned completely in a bomb calorimeter containing 3000 g of water, a temperature rise of 0. 285°c is observed. What is δu of the reaction for the combustion of compound x? the hardware component of the calorimeter has a heat capacity of 3. 81 kj/°c. The specific heat of water is 4. 184 j/g·°c, and the mw of x is 56. 0 g/mol.
ΔU of the reaction the combustion of compound x is -538 kJ/mol
Combustion is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas and releasing energy in the form of light and heat
Here given data is
Mass of compound x = 0.485gram
Mass of water = 3000gram
Temprature rise = 0. 285°C
Heat capacity of the calorimeter = 3. 81 kJ/°C
Specific heat of water = 4. 184 J/g·°C
MW of x = 56. 0 g/mol
Then calculate q
ΔU = ΔH -PΔV
The bomb calorimeter has a constant volume ΔV = 0
ΔU = ΔH
q reaction = q(water + q(bomb)
q(bomb) = 3810J/°C×0.285 = 1085.85J
q(water) = 3000g × 4. 184 J/g·°C×0.285°C = 3577.32 J
q reaction = q(water) + q(bomb)
q reaction = 4663.17 J = 4.66kJ means this is an exothermic
Then calculate moles of compound
Moles = mass/molar mass
Moles = 0.485 g/56.0g/mol
Moles = 0.00866 moles
Then calculate ΔU
ΔU = 4663.17 J/0.00866 moles = 538472 j/mol = 538.5kJ/mol means the reaction is exothermic
ΔU = -538kJ/mol
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the solid oxide of generic metal m is added to 73 ml of water and reacts to produce a metal hydroxide solution that is 0.35 m in the resulting compound. the metal hydroxide solution then reacts with all of the 29 ml of 1.8 m hcl to form water and the metal salt. how many valence electrons must m have?
2 valence electrons must m have .
What is neutralisation reaction ?
Neutralization is the process by which acids and bases salts and water. When reacting with water, neutralization leaves excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions in solution. The pH of a neutralized solution depends on the strength of the acid or base it contains. Mixing a strong acid and a strong base makes a neutral salt. Mixing a strong acid and a weak base produces an acid. Similarly, when a weak acid is mixed with a strong acid, the salts formed are basic. Neutralization is used in many applications.
For example, acid + base —-> salt + water i. e. NaOH (sodium hydroxide, base) + HCl (hydrochloric acid, acid) ——> NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)react to form
Reaction between metal oxide and H2O
Metal oxide + H2O --> M(OH)x
Reaction between metal oxide and HCl
M(OH)x + xH2O ---> MClx + xH2O
Volume = 29 mL
Molarity of HCl solution = 1.8 M
Moles of HCl = molarity * Volume
Moles of HCl = 1.8 M * 29 mL *10^-3 L/ 1 mL
Moles of HCl = 0.0522 mol
Volume = 73 mL
Molarity of M(OH)x = 0.35 M
Moles of M(OH)x = Volume * Concentration of M(OH)x
Moles of M(OH)x = 73 mL * 10^-3 L / 1mL *0.35 M
Moles of M(OH)2 = 0.02555 mol
x = moles of HCl / moles of M(OH)x
x = 0.0522 mol / 0.02555 mol
x = 2
Number of valance electron = x = 1
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which results in a higher vapor pressure? a) stronger intermolecular forces b) weaker intermolecular forces
Substances with weak intermolecular forces will have higher vapor pressure
Vapor pressure is the measure of the tendency of a material to change into the gaseous or vapor state, and it increases with temperature. So, the temperature at which the vapor pressure at the surface of a liquid becomes equal to the pressure exerted by the surroundings is called the boiling point of the liquid. Or we can simply say that the when a liquid is boiling its vapor pressure is equal to the external pressure.
In the above given case we are comparing the intermolecular forces and understanding the concept of vapor pressure. So, vapor pressure of liquid is said to be inversely proportional to the intermolecular forces between the atoms of the liquid. This relation means that if the liquid has stronger intermolecular forces than the rate of evaporation of liquid will be very low and hence it causes lower vapor pressure.
But whereas if the intermolecular forces are weaker then the rate of evaporation of the liquid will be high and therefore it vaporizes fast which results in higher vapor pressure.
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A resource is being used by a population.
Which graph represents a rapidly diminishing resource?
Responses
Graph A
Graph A
Graph B
Graph B
Graph C
Graph C
Graph D
Graph D
Answer:
Graph A.
Explanation:
Graph
It represents a constant function
Answer:
graph c
Explanation:
How can you tell if a compound is covalent by looking at the name?
There will be numerical prefixes.
There will be a metal.
There's no way to tell.
There will be roman numerals.
Answer:
Explanation:
If you pour hot soup into a bowl, and the bowl stays cool to the touch, you can assume that
A
the bowl is a good insulator of heat.
B
the bowl is a good conductor of heat.
C
the bowl’s temperature cannot be measured.
D
the bowl transfers most of its heat through radiation.
In the calvin cycle, if nadph begins to run out, what would be the first compound to accumulate?.
The first compound to accumulate is 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
Carboxylation is step one within the Calvin cycle where carbon dioxide is bonded to a five-carbon sugar called RuPB. though it is known as the darkish response the Calvin cycle does not surely occur within the darkish or all through the nighttime time. that is because the procedure requires NADPH, which is short-lived and is derived from light-structured reactions.
The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon to an easy 5-carbon molecule referred to as RuBP. these reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that have been produced in the light reactions. The very last manufactured from the Calvin cycle is glucose. The Calvin cycle reactions may be organized into 3 simple degrees fixation discount and regeneration.
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Why do you believe knowing how elements and compounds react together is essential in everyday matters?
Some elements are more "reactive" than other elements; why do you think this is?
It is very important to know how elements and compounds react together because everything that surrounds us is made out of elements and compounds. Therefore, understanding how these work can allow us to have a better understanding of the world that surrounds us. Moreover, it can avoid accidents when we deal with dangerous compounds, such as when we cook or clean.
Some elements are more "reactive" than other elements because the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom is greater that that of others.
What are elements?A chemical element is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei, including the pure substance consisting only of that species.
The known elements have certain properties that helps in their identification .Those properties include but are not limited to the following:
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Answer:
it is very important to know how elements and compounds react together because everything that surrounds us is made out of elements and compounds. Therefore, understanding how these work can allow us to have a better understanding of the world that surrounds us. Moreover, it can avoid accidents when we deal with dangerous compounds, such as when we cook or clean.
Explanation:
EXPERIMENT: USING THE TYNDALL EFFECT TO IDENTIFY COLLOIDS
These supplies are needed:
3 clear glasses with smooth sides
laser pointer or flashlight
red Jell-O
red food coloring
sugar
water
Procedure:
Using the regular recipe, mix up the Jell-O and fill one glass with the mixture. Let chill until it gels. Fill another glass with water and let settle until the air bubbles disperse. Fill the third glass with water and add 2 drops of food coloring and two tablespoons of sugar into the water in the third glass. Stir until you are sure the sugar is completely dissolved.
When all three glasses are ready, line them up in any order and shine the laser (or flashlight) through all three glasses at the same time.
Answer these questions:
What did you observe?
What is the Tyndall effect?
Which glass displayed the Tyndall effect?
What does that tell you about the substance in the glass?
Which glass represents a pure substance?
Which glass represents a solution?
The glass with Jell-O is a colloid, the glass with plain water is a pure substance, and the glass with sugar and red food coloring is a solution.
What I observed is that the light was scattered more in the glass with the Jell-O mixture and the glass with the sugar water. The light was not scattered in the glass with just plain water.
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or fine suspension.
The glass with the Jell-O mixture displayed the Tyndall effect. This tells me that the substance in the glass is a colloid.
The glass with just plain water represents a pure substance.
Therefore, the glass with the sugar water and food color represents a solution. The glass with the Jell-O mixture represents a colloid.
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A lever has a 36 cm input arm and a 6 cm output arm. Find MA.
The mechanical advantage of the lever that has a 36 cm input arm and a 6 cm output arm is 0.167.
What is mechanical advantage?Mechanical advantage is the ratio of the output force produced by a machine (especially a simple machine) to the applied input force.
This means that mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated by dividing the output force by the input force as follows:
MA = Fb/Fa
Where;
MA is the mechanical advantageFb = force of the objectFa = effort to overcome the force of the objectAccording to this question, a lever has a 36 cm input arm and a 6 cm output arm. The mechanical advantage can be calculated as follows;
MA = 6cm ÷ 36cm
MA = 0.167
Therefore, 0.167 is the mechanical advantage of the lever.
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draw the correct electron-dot structure h2s , hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas produced by rotten eggs. draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. include all lone pairs of electrons.
Hydrogen sulfide, H₂S is a colorless gas with a strong odor of rotten eggs.
Hydrogen sulfide may additionally motive infection to the eyes and respiration system. It could also motive apnea, coma, convulsions; dizziness, headache, weak spot, irritability, insomnia; belly disappointed, and if liquid frostbite.
H‐S -H
Hydrogen sulfide is a drab gasoline recognized for its stinky rotten egg odor at low concentrations. It's miles extremely flammable and exceptionally poisonous. Hydrogen sulfide additionally happens obviously in sewers, manure pits, well water, oil and gas wells, and volcanoes.
It takes place certainly in crude petroleum, natural gasoline, and hot springs. Further, hydrogen sulfide is produced via bacterial wreck- down of natural materials and human and animal wastes, e.g., sewage.
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Which geologic law has igneous inclusions?
Answer:
James Hutton described the Law of Inclusions, which states that if one rock body (Rock B) contains fragments from another rock body (Rock A), then Rock B must be younger than the bits of rock it has.Garnets commonly contain many inclusions
Assume you are performing the calibration step of experiment 8 and you begin with 30 g of water at 20 oc and 30 g of water at 80 oc. After adding the two portions of water into your calorimeter setup and following the procedure outlined in the experiment, you determine the temperature of the mixed portions of water to be 45 oc. What is the heat capacity of the calorimeter?.
The heat capacity of calorimeter is 133.76 J/c.
What is calorimeter?
A calorimeter is a device used in calorimetry, a procedure for calculating heat capacity and trying to measure the heat of chemical reactions or even other physical changes. Among the most popular kinds are dsc calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titrimetric calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters. A straightforward calorimeter is just a metal container with a thermometer suspended beyond a combustion chamber. It's one of the measurement tools used in the research of chemistry, biochemistry, and thermodynamics. The two substances A and B are separately added to a calorimeter, and the original and final temperatures are recorded, in order to determine the enthalpy change per mole of substance A in a reaction between those two substances.
We know:
mw Cw Ow = mc Cc delOc + Ccal delc
80g * 4.18/gc * (80-45)C = 80g * 4.18J/g * (45-20) + Ccal *(45-20)
= 11704J = 8360 + Ccal (25)
= 133.76 j/c
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an exothermic reaction takes place. which is true of the entropy of the surroundings? group of answer choices it remains constant it decreases it increases insufficient information
The entropy of the surrounding when an exothermic reaction takes place increases.
What is an Exothermic Reaction?A reaction is defined as exothermic if the overall standard enthalpy change (H) is negative. Exothermic processes typically releases heat.
Example of Exothermic reaction:
CaO+H2O Ca(OH)3 + Heat
What is entropy?Entropy is a measurable physical characteristic and a scientific notion that is frequently connected to a condition of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty.
Now you know as in exothermic reaction heat is given to the surrounding hence more heat is added to the surrounding which results in the rising of entropy of the surrounding.
Hence, the entropy of the surrounding when an exothermic reaction takes place increases.
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How do two repelling magnets demonstrate that objects that are not in contact exert forces on each other?
Answer:
If you placed the two magnets so that opposite poles are facing each other, the force will be attractive and you will need to add more mass to the opposite side of the scale Magnetic attraction and repulsion is one of three fundamental non contact forces in nature
If there’s a attraction it comes towards one on other if there repulsion the opposite happens.
Explanation:
Which isomer of 1-bromo-3-tert-butylcyclohexane reacts faster when refluxed with potassium tert-butoxide?.
Trans isomer of 1-bromo-3-tert-butylcyclohexane reacts faster when refluxed with potassium tert-butoxide
Structural isomers are those isomers in which the atoms are completely arranged in a different order but they have the same molecular formulas. These are the molecules having the same kind of molecular formula with different connectivity which is completely depending upon the order they are put together.
Cis isomers are molecules with the same connectivity of atoms. They feature that the same side priority groups are placed on the same side of a double bond. Trans isomers feature molecules with same side priority groups placed on opposite sides of a double bond.
In the above given question the trans isomer of 1-bromo-3-tert-butylcyclohexane reacts faster when refluxed with potassium tert-butoxide, because in trans isomer there is less steric hindrance and therefore it can react easily, where as the cis isomer is having a lot of steric hindrance
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vapor pressure will increase with:
Vapor pressure will increase with Temperature.
What does vapor pressure mean exactly?
The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure at which a vapor and its liquid (or solid) are at equilibrium, or the pressure at which a sample of a liquid (or solid) evaporates in a closed container to produce a vapor.
Vapor pressure for liquids is influenced by the following variables: Intermolecular Force and Temperature
The molecules of a liquid begin to move more quickly as the temperature rises. More vapor pressure is produced as a result of the production of gas. As a result, vapor pressure and temperature are directly related. The related graph will be a straight line graph since temperature and vapor pressure are directly proportional to one another.
Hence, Vapor pressure will increase with Temperature.
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Create an energy transformation for using a flashlight to see in the dark. Ex: Electrical to Sound
In order to use a flashlight to see in the dark, the flashlight must first transform the electrical energy it receives from batteries into light energy.
What is flashlight?
A portable hand-held electric lamp is known as a torch (UK, Australia), or a flashlight (US, Canada). The light source used to typically be a tiny incandescent light bulb, but since the mid-2000s, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have taken their place. A typical flashlight is made up of a light source mounted inside a reflector, a transparent cover to shield the light source as well as reflector, a battery, a switch, and sometimes a lens. All of these components are housed in a case. Around 1899, the development of dry cells and tiny incandescent electric lamps made the first battery-operated flashlights feasible. Today's flashlights run on disposable as well as rechargeable batteries and mostly use light-emitting diodes. Some require the user to turn a crank, shake the lamp, or squeeze it in order to operate. Some batteries can be recharged using solar panels.
In order to use a flashlight to see in the dark, the flashlight must first transform the electrical energy it receives from batteries into light energy. This light energy is then emitted from the flashlight in a concentrated beam, which illuminates the area in front of the person using the flashlight and allows them to see in the dark.
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explain how water's entropy can decrease when it freezes without violating the second law of thermodynamics. specifically, explain what happens to the entropy of its surroundings
Entropy of water can decrease when it freezes without violating the second law of thermodynamics because there is increase in the entropy of the surroundings.
How can water's entropy decrease when it freezes?The reason that the freezing water does not violate the second law of thermodynamics is because even though the system becomes more ordered and has low entropy, energy that is released to the surroundings makes molecules move faster, which ultimately leads to an entropy increase of the surroundings.
The process of liquid -> solid is exothermic. This implies that heat released in the process causes an increase in the entropy of the surroundings. Therefore, if surroundings are included, then ΔSFreeze+ΔSSurroundings>0, which is in accordance with the second law.
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difference between the paper chromatography and chromatography
Answer:
Paper chromatography requires less preparation, whereas thin layer chromatography requires more preparation time. The stationary phase of paper chromatography is the water trapped in the cellulose filter paper. The stationary phase of the thin layer chromatography is the glass plates coated with silica gel.
Explanation:
in a lead chloride (pbcl2) saturated solution at an elevated temperature, the chloride ion concentration, [cl-], is 4.20 * 10^-2 m. what is the value of ksp for pbcl2 at this temperature?
To learn about the saturated solution and concentration to find the value of Ksp.
What is saturated solution?
When a solution has dissolved all of the solute it is capable of removing, it is said to be saturated. At a certain temperature, a saturated solution cannot dissolve any more solute. We can create a saturated solution by continuing to dissolve the solute until no more can be done.
What is concentration?
In chemistry and related fields, the idea of concentration is used frequently. It is a way to gauge how much of one substance is incorporated into another.
The ionic compound lead(II) chloride, or PbCl2, does not completely dissociate into lead(II) cations and chloride anions when placed in aqueous solution.
Instead of completely dissociating, a state of equilibrium will be established between the solid lead (II) chloride and the dissolved ions under the control of the solubility product constant, K sp.
PbCl 2(s) + 2 Cl (aq] Pb 2 + (aq]
The compound's molar solubility, or s in moles, represents the amount of lead(II) chloride that will dissolve in aqueous solution at a given temperature.
A mole of lead II chloride will result in the production of 1 mole of lead II cations and 2 moles of chloride anions. To determine the molar solubility of the solid, use an ICE table.
PbCl 2(s) + 2 Cl (aq] Pb 2 + (aq]
I 0 0
C (+s) (+2s)
E s 2s
According to the definition, the solubility product constant will equal
Ksp = (pb²⁺) (cl⁻)²
Ksp = s⋅ (2s)²= 4s³
As a result, lead (II) chloride will have a molar solubility of
4s³=1.6⋅10⁻⁵⇒ s= [tex]\sqrt[3]{1.6/4*10^-5}[/tex] = 0.0159 M.
Therefore, the value of ksp for pbcl2 at this temperature is 0.0159 M.
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what products are formed when cis-3-methyl-3-hexene reacts with hydrogen bromide? a) (2r,3s)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane b) (2r,3r)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane c) (2s,3r)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane d) (2s,3s)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane e) all of the above answers
The product formed when cis-3-methyl-3-hexene reacts with hydrogen bromide is 2s,3r)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane This happens through SN1 reaction.
Cis-3-methyl-3-hexene will react with HBr through SN1 reaction. First, the H from HBr will add to the less substituted carbon in the double bond following Markonikov's rule to form a stable tertiary carbocation intermediate.
The ionic addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes proceeds through SN1. The first step involves the protonation of the alkene by the hydrogen halide that is present. This step follows the Markonikov's rule, which predicts that the proton will add to the less substituted carbon in the double bond or to the more substituted carbon atom to form the more stable carbocation. The next step is the addition of the halide ion to the carbocation. Here, the halide can add to either side of the carbocation; thus, forming a mixture of R and S products.
Cis-3-methyl-3-hexene will react with HBr Through SN1. First, the H from HBr will add to the less substituted carbon in the double bond (Markonikov's rule) to form a stable tertiary carbocation intermediate. Br− will then add to either side of the carbocation to form a mixture of (3S)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane and (3R)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane.
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What are the first 20 elements A?
Answer:
The first 20 Elements of the Periodic Table: Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium.
Explanation:
hope this helps:)
The first 20 Elements of the Periodic Table are given below:
What is an element?
A chemical element is a type of atom with a particular number of protons in the nucleus, such as the specific compound made up entirely of that species. Chemical elements, unlike chemical compounds, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction. The number of protons in the nucleus is an element's defining attribute, and it is symbolised by the symbol Z - all atoms with the same atomic number are atoms of the same element. Atoms are rearranged into new compounds linked together by chemical bonds when various elements undergo chemical reactions.
The first 20 Elements of the Periodic Table are given below:
Hydrogen (atomic number 1), Helium (atomic number 2), Lithium (atomic number 3), Beryllium (atomic number 4), Boron (atomic number 5), Carbon (atomic number 6), Nitrogen (atomic number 7), Oxygen (atomic number 8), Fluorine (atomic number 9), Neon (atomic number 10), Sodium (atomic number 11), Magnesium (atomic number 12), Aluminium (atomic number 13), Silicon (atomic number 14), Phosphorus (atomic number 15), Sulphur (atomic number 16), Chlorine (atomic number 17), Argon (atomic number 18), Potassium (atomic number 19), Calcium (atomic number 20).
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How does the brain respond to an increase in body temperature?
a) Constricting the blood vessels and reducing blood supply the skin.
b) Dilating the blood vessels and increasing blood supply the skin.
c) Decreasing the amount of ADH so more water is lost in the urine.
d) Increasing the amount of ADH so less water is lost in the urine.
Answer: B - Dilating the blood vessels and increasing blood supply the skin.
Explanation:
If body temperature rises, blood vessels in the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the skin’s surface. This allows heat to dissipate through the skin and into the surrounding air.
each element possesses unique chemical and physical properties. truefalse
True each element possesses unique physical and chemical properties.
An element's properties are based on its atomic numbers, atomic masses, and electron configurations. An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom which all have the same number of protons in their nuclei. A substance whose atoms all contain the same number of protons is said to be an element; alternatively, all the atoms of a particular element must contain the same number of protons. Chemical reactions cannot degrade elements because they are the simplest chemical forms. The two main classes of elements are metals and non-metals.
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A zinc production company uses the following chemical reaction:
Aqueous Solution
Ca
Calcium
15 g
ZnCO₂
Zinc carbonate
25 g
Aqueous Solution
CaCO₂
Calcium carbonate
35 g
What mass of zinc can the company expect to produce?
+
Zn
Zinc
29
The mass of zinc that the company can expect to produce is 5g.
The reaction is given as follows:
Ca + ZnCO₂ → Zn + CaCO₃
15g 25g ? g 35g
To find: mass of zn
The above given reaction is an example of a displacement reaction.
According to law of conservation of mass, in a chemical reaction the mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products.
Here, mass of reactants
= mass of Ca + mass of ZnCO₂
= 15g + 25g
mass of products
= mass of Zn + mass of CaCO₃
=mass of Zn + 35g
∵ mass of reactants = mass of products
⇒ 15g + 25g= mass of Zn + 35g
⇒mass of Zn = (15+25)g - 35g
⇒mass of Zn = 40g- 35g
⇒mass of Zn = 5g
Hence, 5g of Zinc is expected to be produced.
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