In four neurotransmitter molecules the catecholamine is bound to each molecule of ATP because the synaptic vesicles and synaptic granules on the neurotransmitter contain adenosine triphosphate with a molar ratio of catecholamine to ATP of approximately 4:1.
Hormones that play a role in the nervous system are catecholamines in the form of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The adrenal medulla contains chromaffin granules (organelles in cells) which function for the biosynthesis, absorption, storage, and secretion of catecholamines.
Other compounds contained in these granules are ATPMg2+, Ca2+, Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), and the protein chromogranin. Catecholamines enter the granules by a transport mechanism with an ATP-dependent ratio of catecholamines : ATP = 4 : 1. Norepinephrine is stored in the granules, can leave and undergo methylation of the N-terminal end of the protein to form norepinephrine and then enter new granules.
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What increases the permeability of the glomerulus by making the capillaries leaky?.
Fenestrations are responsible for the permeability of the glomerulus by making the capillaries leaky.
Fenestrations are the small multiple openings on any surface. These fenestrations are also present in glomerulus that acts as the trans-cytoplasmic hole for the passage of fluids across the glomerular capillary wall.
Glomerulus is the network of fine capillaries which is a part of the nephron in kidneys. These are the filtering units of the kidneys that filter to blood to produce urine. The glomerulus is supported by a structure called Bowman's capsule, which is a cup-shaped structure. There are present three types of cells in the glomerulus: Endothelial cells, Smooth muscle cells and specialized muscle cells.
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What is similar and different about the nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon cycle?
Answer:
Both carbon and nitrogen cycle are types of biogeochemical cycles and tend to liberate elements from their cycles.
Explanation:
Both carbon and nitrogen cycle are types of biogeochemical cycles and tend to liberate elements from their cycles. The carbon cycle releases carbon, and the nitrogen cycle releases nitrogen into the atmosphere. 2. In both cycles, the process starts with gas and also ends in a gaseous state.
when i went to the park i saw a lot of trash on the ground. i don't think it's good for animals to have so much pollution in their?
A. biology
B. genetic variation
C. organism
D. population
E. species
F. environment
G. offspring
H. overproduction
i. reproduction
D.
Answer: F. Environment
Explanation:
The environment that the animals live in is special and once destroyed, it cannot be promised to be fully and potentially restored. The environment they live in is obviously polluted and should be cleaned.
do vectors transmit diseases directly or indirectly?
Answer:Indirect transmission refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles), or animate intermediaries (vectors).
Explanation:Vector-borne transmission is an indirect transmission process during which the pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host via an animate intermediary vector to another host. Most vectors are arthropods such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Vector transmission utilizes insects to transport the pathogen. Insects such as fleas, ticks, and mosquitos are unharmed by the pathogens they potentially carry but can transmit the bacteria or virus when they bite a host. Examples: Mosquito: West Nile Virus.
nucleation of microtubules takes place rapidly inside a cell, where it occurs in association with a variety of specialized structures called .
Tubulin solutions is the association with a variety of specialized structures
What are Tubulin solutions?
tubulin from bacteria BtubA/B is a near structural homolog of eukaryotic -tubulin and is hypothesized to have developed as a result of divergent evolution after receiving ancestral tubulin genes from a primitive eukaryotic cell to a bacterium. BtubA and BtubB are homogenous polypeptides that fold spontaneously without the need for eukaryotic chaperones, associate to form weak BtubA/B heterodimers, and come together to form protofilament that resemble tubulin.
According to the question:
Microtubule nucleation is the process in cell biology that starts the de novo creation of microtubules (MTs). The basic microtubule building blocks, tubulin dimers, which initially interact to nucleate a seed from which the filament elongates, are polymerized to produce these cytoskeleton filaments.
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Which of the following is a radical?A:OH B:O C:H D:H2O
Answer: is A (OH)
explanation. OH. The hydroxyl radical is very stable as a dilute gas, but it decays very rapidly in the condensed phase. It is pervasive in some situations. ~ Wikepidia
All i know is that OH is a radical-
hope it helpls
it is normal for a student’s heart to beat fast during and after strenuous exercise.
yes, it is normal for a student’s heart to beat fast during and after strenuous exercise.
When we exercise, our muscles need oxygen carried by the bloodstream. The function of the lungs is to supply oxygen to the blood that is carried throughout the body. So when the body needs more oxygen (such as during exercise), the lungs and heart have to work faster, thus accelerating the cardiopulmonary system.
This measurement is taken after strenuous exercise, so allow your heart rate to recover until it returns to normal.
therefore, it's a normal thing or a student’s heart to beat fast during and after strenuous exercise.
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it is normal to sometimes palpate a few lymph nodes in the neck of a healthy person. what are the characteristics of these nodes?
The characteristics of nodes are mobile, soft and non-tender. It is normal to palpate a few lymph nodes in the neck of a healthy person.
Normal lymph nodes are tiny, measuring 3 to 7 mm, often spool-shaped, smooth, finely edged, elastic in substance, and not fused with the skin or underlying tissues. They are also painless to the touch. In the neck, a typical lymph node is scarcely noticeable. When palpated, they have an elastic marble-like feel. One could confuse lymph nodes for muscles (or arteries). A lymph node needs to be able to roll both up and down and left to right. This will not be achievable in either of these two directions with a muscle or artery.
Hence, nodes are reservoir of the oozing out lymph from capillaries.
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A species that has a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem
A species that plays a vital role in defining an ecosystem is known as a keystone species.Without its keystone species, a ecosystem would either no longer exist or would change significantly.
What kind of animal has the biggest impact on an ecosystem?a species that significantly affects the types and numbers of other species in an ecosystem. A keystone species is one that has an outsized impact on its habitat compared to its abundance.
How many species are there in an ecosystem, and where are they located?In ecological systems, the whole distribution of rarity and commonness is described by the species abundance distribution (SAD).It has a stable shape with several rare species and few abundant species coexisting in a community, making it one of the most fundamental and pervasive patterns in ecology.
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Based on what you have learned about global trends in terrestrial ecosystems, what is currently the largest threat to the wet tropical forests in central america?.
Habitat destruction is currently the greatest threat to temperate tropical forests in central america.Based on what we have learned about global trends in terrestrial ecosystems.
Deforestation is a growing concern in tropical rainforests because these forests are home to much of the world’s biodiversity. For example, in the Amazon about 17% of forest has been lost in the last 50 years, largely due to forest conversion for cattle ranching.Global ecosystems that are seeing a huge increase in exposure to artificial light are already localized and fragmented, and times many of particular conservation importance.Humans pose a major threat to tropical rainforests because of competing interests within governing bodies, and a lack of education about them. More than half of the Earth’s rainforests have already been destroyed, from covering 14% of the Earth to nearly 6%.
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What term is used for the muscles and glands whose activities are controlled by nervous activity?
Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat.
As compared to the people living in developing countries, the people which live in industrialized countries are much likely to eat beef.
The world’s livestock sector is expanding at an uncommon rate and the reason behind this giant leap is a combination of growth in population, increasing incomes as well as urbanization. Annual meat production is expected to rise from 218 million tons in 1997-1999 to 376 million tons by the year 2030.
There is a powerful positive relationship between the level of income and the intake of animal protein. People living in industrialized countries are more likely to consume beef as compared to those who are living in developing countries.
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a bacterial cultures has an initial population of 10000. if its population declines to 6000 in 4 hours, what will it be at the end of 6 hours
After 10 hours, the bacteria's population will have decreased to roughly 27.
Detailed explanation:
use the equation P = Iekt.
The equation becomes 10,000 = Iek if the starting population of the bacterial culture is 10,000. (0)
with I = 1 and t = 0 10000
P = 4000 and t = 4 hours if its population drops to 6000 in that amount of time.
As a result, 6000 = Ie4k... 2
We assume the natural logarithm of both sides in equation 2 to be;
I lne4k = ln6000
I k = ln6000/4I k = ln6000/4I = ln6000 (10000) I equals 10000 k = ln6000/40000 k = 4/40000 k = 0.0001 because.
Since P = Iekt, the population will be as follows after 10 hours.
I=10,000 k=0.0001, and t=10
P = 10000e^(0.0001×10)
P = 10000e^0.001
P = 10000×0.0027
P = 2
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What was found in the trap of the miller–urey apparatus that supports a hypothesis for the beginning of early life?.
Miller-Urey experiment showed the simulation of conditions on the Earth forming the idea that life, or more specifically organic molecules, could have formed by nothing more than simple chemical reactions.
Miller and Urey created the condition like early Earth atmosphere with a mixture of methane, hydrogen, ammonia and water vapor. This mixture, was then exposed to sparks which simulated lightning, that led to the formation of amino acids.
This experiment effectively proved that origin of life on the planet Earth had occurred because of the some chemical conditions that went through the process of Abiogenesis.
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what three events take place as an unspecialized cell differentiates into a cell that helps transport water in plants
A. Holes form in the cell wall and cell dies
B. Hormones cause the cell to grow wider
C. The cell wall gets thicker
D. The cell divides in two
Differentiation drastically alters a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and signal response. Epigenetics studies gene expression alterations. Therefore, option A, B and C are correct.
What is cellular differentiation?A stem cell changes from one type to another throughout the process of cellular differentiation. The cell often transforms into a more specialised kind.
A cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and receptivity to signals all significantly alter during differentiation. These variations in gene expression, which are the subject of the study of epigenetics, are substantially to blame for these changes.
The procambium's vascular precursor cells differentiate to create continuous vascular strands, from which the right spatiotemporal pattern of xylem and phloem cells are produced.
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the aspect of personal health that is most within your control is multiple choice human biology. lifestyle. genetic inheritance. environment.
Your lifestyle has the largest influence over your own health.
A little essay about healthA health essay Earlier, it was said that being healthy meant having a healthy physique. But as time passed, so did our understanding of what constitutes health. Health is the most important thing, and everything else follows, as cannot be emphasized enough. Everything else falls into place as long as you keep your health.
What does a healthy life entail?Real health is more than just eating well and exercising; it also entails managing stress, getting adequate sleep, being attentive, being physically and mentally fit, interacting with others, and more.
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What factors do you think might make it possible for a rogue wave to be more than twice the height of the two colliding waves?
There are a number of known mechanisms that result in rogue waves, including constructive interference, whereby small, fast waves catch up with slower waves and temporarily coalesce into an exceptionally huge wave.
What rogue wave to be more than twice the height?According to scientific predictions, storms with stronger winds will occur more frequently during the ensuing decades.
Larger waves and thus bigger and more frequent rogue waves could be produced by more energy, which could result in more destruction and lost ships at sea. Rogue waves don't always occur in the water.
Therefore, Rogue waves can arise on relatively calm seas, while gale force winds can still be a factor.
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As the two strands of dna are unraveled, which enzyme relieves the strain on the two strands?.
Answer:
Gyrase
Explanation:
Which backup molecules are burned for energy during long term exercise when glucose is used up?
Answer: Glycogen
Explanation:
a population of insects increases at a rate of 220 6 t 0.9 t 2 insects per day. find the insect population after 5 days, assuming there are 40 insects at t
There have been reports of increases in the general insect population in some areas, and the abundance of particular bug species appears to be rising globally.
How is the insect population faring?In fact, 80% of all animal life on Earth consists of insects. However, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change are all contributing to a global decline in both the quantity and diversity of insects. Without widespread action, many of these significant animals risk going extinct in the next decades.
What happened to every bug?Insect populations are under threat globally due to habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change. A third of all bug species are endangered, while Biological Conservation reported in 2019 that 40% of all insect species are falling globally.
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Which of the following statements is true in regards to the order and location of the movement of ions in the sodium-potassium pump?
Two potassium ions enter the cell, and then three sodium ions leave the cell.
Two potassium ions leave the cell, and then three sodium ions enter the cell.
Three sodium ions leave the cell, and then two potassium ions enter the cell.
Three sodium ions enter the cell, and then two potassium ions leave the cell.
Pumping molecules and ions across membranes "uphill" – against a concentration gradient – requires active transport, an energy-intensive process.
What is The Sodium-Potassium Pump?It takes a carrier protein to transport these molecules against their gradient of concentration. Although some carrier proteins require an energy input to move solutes against the concentration gradient (from low concentration to high concentration), carrier proteins can function with a concentration gradient (during passive transport). Pumps are carrier proteins that are used in active transport to move materials against a gradient of their concentration. ATP provides the energy for the majority of active transport, just like in other cellular processes. Transferring a phosphate group directly to a carrier protein is one way ATP drives active transport.To move the molecule or ion to the other side of the membrane, the carrier protein may change shape as a result of this. The sodium-potassium pump, which swaps sodium ions for potassium ions across the plasma membrane of animal cells, is a prime example of this kind of active transport system.To Learn more About Pumping molecules refer To:
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In what fundamental way does the structure of a sponge differ from that of all other animals?.
on average, 90% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. group startstrue or falsetrue, g
Only 10% of the energy is transferred to the next level at each rung of the food chain, with the remaining 90% being lost as heat.
Why do trophic levels lose 90 percent of their energy? What happens to all this energy?Energy is lost as metabolic heat when animals from one trophic level are ingested by species from the next level, hence energy diminishes as it goes up the food chain.
The remaining 90% is utilised for survival, growth, and reproduction and is wasted as heat to the environment. The base of every energy pyramid is the Sun, from which energy is transported to the first trophic level of producers. Species that devour other organisms, or consumers, receive their energy from producers.
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I did a photosynthesis experiment on a leaf by placing it in the sun for 24 hours boiled the leaf in alcohol solution for 30 secs then placed it in iodine solution
What could be some possible limitations in this experiment?
When iodine is added to a cooked leaf in alcohol, a blue-black color develops. This signifies that the leaf produces starch.
Explanation:The presence of starch is evidence that plants engage in photosynthesis. Now, iodine solution is applied to perform the starch test. Iodine turns blue-black instead of its original yellow color when starch is present. Green leaves cannot display this color change. Therefore, the leaf is cooked in alcohol using a water bath to eliminate the green pigment that is found in the leaf. The alcohol dissolves the green pigments, which causes the leaf to lose its color.
What is photosynthesis?Sunlight is converted into energy through the process of photosynthesis by plants, algae, and some microbes. During the process, food (sugars) and oxygen are chemically converted from water and carbon dioxide (CO2) to each other. The pigment chlorophyll, which gives the plants their green hue, is frequently used in the chemical reaction. Our planet's atmosphere is abundant in oxygen because of photosynthesis.
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Page 3: Types of Membrane Transport
The __________________of substances through the membrane is ________________, meaning that the membrane _________________.
The movement of substances through the membrane is passive, meaning that the membrane is semipermeable in nature.
What is semipermeable nature?The mechanism through which molecules or substances can cross the plasma membrane is known as passive diffusion or simply diffusion. During passive diffusion, a molecule dissolves in the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, diffuses across it, and then dissolves in the aqueous solution at the other side of the plasma membrane.
A semipermeable membrane acts as a barrier which allows only some molecules to pass through it while blocking the passage of other molecules. A semipermeable membrane acts as a filter. Different types of semipermeable membranes can block out the transport of different sized molecules.
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in which biome are kansas and nebraska located? select one: a. temperate grassland b. tundra c. temperate rain forest d. boreal forest e. temperate seasonal forest
Kansas and Nebraska's biome is a temperate grassland.
Which biome has grasslands, tropical rainforests, and scant rainfall?Dry areas with annual precipitation rates of less than 50 cm are known as deserts (20 inches). They take up around 20% of the Earth's surface. Deserts can be hot or cold, while the majority are found in subtropical areas.
What does a tundra biome mean?The tundra is the coldest biome of them all. The name "tunturi," which means "treeless plain," is derived from the Finnish. It is renowned for its frost-molded landscapes, exceptionally chilly temperatures, scant precipitation, inadequate nutrition levels, and brief planting seasons. A nutrient pool is created by dead organic matter.
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After an mrna molecule is constructed from a dna template, which two statements explain what happens next?
A) The mRNA becomes a double stranded molecule.B) The mRNA brings an amino acid to the nucleus.C) The mRNA contains a start codon that reads AUG.D) The mRNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosome.
The translation process begins at a ribosome in the cytoplasm after the mRNA molecule exits the nucleus.
What transpires to mRNA when the strand is finished?The mRNA molecule detaches from the DNA template following termination. At this stage, the freshly generated mRNA goes through a process in which non-coding nucleotide regions, known as introns, are cut off of the mRNA strand, at least in eukaryotes.
What transpires after mRNA leaves the nucleus?mRNA travels to a ribosome, which is composed of proteins and rRNA, after leaving the nucleus. Translation occurs on ribosomes that are either attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or are floating in the cytoplasm.
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what are examples of types of chemical markers associated with dna that determines when, where and by how much genes are expressed in each cell?
Some example of the chemical marker that is associated with DNA is epigenetic factors and histone proteins.
Epigenetic factors are compounds that regulate genetic expression. It works by causing changes in the gene, altering the way your body interprets a DNA sequence. These changes are temporary; they don't cause mutation nor they are heritable. Some forms of changes that are caused by epigenetic factors are methylation and DNA remodeling.
Histone proteins are proteins in eukaryotic cells that have dual functions: keeping the DNA in a compact form and regulating the tightening and loosening of DNA strands that regulate gene expression.
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Which macromolecule stores energy,insulates us and makes up the cell membrane
The macromolecule which stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane is called Lipids.
Lipids are essential components of the cell membrane. Lipids are naturally occurring molecules that store energy, insulate us, and make up the cell membranes. It includes fats, waxes, and fat-soluble vitamins.
They act as the structural framework of cell membranes. They mainly contain fatty acids, regulate hormones, transmitting nerve impulses. They are non-polar and are not soluble in water.
Lipids are made up of reduced versions of hydrocarbons. Some lipids serve as chemical messengers between cells. some lipids are amphipathic.
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Describe how lymph nodes, bone marrow, and
the spleen help fight off various illnesses.
Answer:
Explanation:
Lymph vessels send lymph fluid through nodes throughout the body. Lymph nodes are small structures that work as filters for foreign substances, such as cancer cells and infections. They contain immune cells that can help fight infection by attacking and destroying germs that are carried in through the lymph fluid.The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections and other diseases. This system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels (a network of thin tubes that carry lymph and white blood cells)