Answer:
While intangible assets have no physical shape or size, they pack lots of power for your business. If you and your employees have worked hard to create trademarks, patents, or copyrights, for example, you can use these assets in several ways to grow your business or increase business profit.
BUSINESS LAW & TAXES GLOSSARY
Making Intangible Assets Work For Your Business
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BY JEAN MURRAY
Updated October 27, 2018
While intangible assets have no physical shape or size, they pack lots of power for your business. If you and your employees have worked hard to create trademarks, patents, or copyrights, for example, you can use these assets in several ways to grow your business or increase business profit.
What are Intangible Assets?
An Intangible Asset is a business asset which has no material substance. Intangible assets can be found in all areas of a business. For example:
Technology, like technical manuals, engineering processes, computer software
Customer relationships,
Contracts, franchises, licenses, and permits
Trained and competent workers (called workforce in place)
Some intangible assets are intellectual property. That is, they are specifically created by individuals and protected by laws from being stolen. Examples of intellectual property are trademarks, service marks, copyrights, and patents.
Customer relationships, including goodwill (the value of customer relationships),
Trade secrets, brand recognition, and proprietary business processes ("the way we do things in this company")
Marketing and advertising campaigns and materials
Location-related assets like land, water, and mineral rights.
How to Use Intangible Assets
Selling Intangible Assets
Some general intangibles, like business processes, can be packaged and sold. Create and sell a book on "the way we do things at XYZ company," with examples of how you did it. You don't have to give away all of your trade secrets, though. Just those that can be translated into other types of businesses.
You can also sell a copyright. Musicians often sell a music copyright, but more often they license the rights. These licenses are called Creative Commons Licenses.
Use Them to Increase Value in the Sale of Your Business
Goodwill is an important asset in the sale of a business. In a business sale, particularly one in which you are selling the business as a going concern, goodwill is the difference between the fair market price or book value of all the business assets and the sale price.
Other general intangible assets and intellectual property may also be valued and included in the selling price of a business.
License or Assign Assets Like Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks
If your business has patents or trademarks, you can license the patent rights to someone, who can produce products from them. You can receive royalties on a continuing basis and set up criteria for use of the products made from these assets.
You may also want to consider assigning an asset, as a permanent sale.
Amortize Intangible Assets
Amortization is a calculation which allows you to spread out the expense of an intangible asset over its useful life, instead of capitalizing it in just one year. Amortization works like depreciation. Having expenses in several years allows you to reduce your business income during these years, thus reducing your business tax bill.
Under Section 197 of the Internal Revenue Code, the IRS designates certain intangible assets that can be amortized over 15 years and other intangible assets which cannot be amortized. The complete list is on Section 197 Intangible Assets.
Getting Help from an Intellectual Property Attorney
For most of these ways to use your intangible assets, you will need to hire a special attorney called an intellectual property lawyer, who can help you navigate the tricky world of selling and licensing.
Disclaimer: The information in this article, and on this site, is general in nature and is not intended to be tax or legal advice. Every business is unique, and intellectual property laws and regulations change frequently. Seek legal and tax advice before making decisions that might affect your business.
Answer:
Explanation:
Give the three benefits of using ms powerpoint presentation write your answer on your notebook
As an independent student Sally borrowed $4,000 her first semester of college through an Unsubsidized Stafford loan at 6.8% APR, compounded monthly. After her first semester, Sally was able to work her way through school and she graduated three years later without any additional loans. Since Sally did not make any loan payments while she was in school, what is her loan balance upon graduation? a) $4,000.00 b) $4,902.36 c) $7,869.48 d) $7,834.82
Answer:
CPT FV=4902.3689
Explanation:
By using financial calculator:
Given:
PMT = $0
PV = $4,000
N = 12x3 = 36 times
I/Y = 6.8% / 12
By using excel formulas
=FV(6.8%/12,12*3,0,4000)
Future value = $4,902.3689
CPT FV=4902.3689
The person granting another person to act on their behalf using a power of attorney is called a _______________. A) Potentate B) Premier C) Principal D) Agent E) None of the above Mark for follow up
Answer:
Principal
Explanation:
Major areas in business decision making
Answer:
it is investment decision, financing decision and dividend decision
Explanation:
The major areas in business decision making are:
1 Investment decision
2. Financial decision
3.Dividend decision
estimated cost: a. managers use to make decisions about the future b. find a right price c. is not useful for
Answer:
managers use to make decisions about the future
Explanation:
Estimated cost is the cost that is projected to be incurred by a business when undertaking a project, program, or operation.
It comprises of the list of expenses that will be spent on an activity in the future.
Therefore it is used by managers to decide on the best activity to undertake in the future.
Usually the activity that has the lowest cost is balanced against the required quality.
Rent expense in Volusia Company's 2016 income statement is $420,000. If Prepaid Rent was $70,000 at December 31, 2015, and is $95,000 at December 31, 2016, the cash paid for rent during 2016 is:_________
Answer:
$445,000
Explanation:
The rent in Volusian company income statement for 2016 is $420,000
The prepaid rent is $70,000 at December 31 2015 and $95,000 at December 31 2016
Therefore the cash paid for rent in 2016 can be calculated as follows
= $420,000+($95,000-$70,000)
= $420,000 + $25,000
= $445,000
Compute the standard cost for one hat, based on the following standards for each that:_______. Standard material: 3/4 yard of fabric at $5.00 per yard Standard labor: 2 hours at $5.75 per hour Factory overhead: $3.20 per direct labor hourRound your answer to two decimal places. Total standard cost $______
Answer:
$21.65
Explanation:
Computation for the Total standard cost
Using this formula
Total standard cost = Material cost + Labor cost + Overhead cost
Let plug in the formula
Total standard cost = 3/4*5 + 2*5.75 + 3.2*2
Total standard cost= $21.65
Therefore the Total standard cost will be $21.65
Barlow owns the surface rights for Canyon Ranch, but does not own the subsurface rights. Dusty owns the subsurface rights. Canyon Ranch includes a house, a bunkhouse, and two barns, which are damaged when Dusty is excavating for minerals under the surface. Most likely responsible for the damage is:________.
A) Dusty.
B) Barlow.
C) Dusty and Barlow.
D) no one.
Answer:
A) Dusty.
Explanation:
Generally, when you are dealing with property rights and any damages that occur to real property, the individual that possesses the oldest structure can sue other individuals that damage his/her structure by building or developing a new one.
E.g. in many cities, buildings or even homes tend to be built right next to other homes or buildings (specially in down town areas). If you are building a house right next to an existing house and the walls are damaged because because you dug to build a basement, then you are responsible and liable for the damages even if you never invaded the other property.
Credit Losses Based on Accounts Receivable At December 31, Schuler Company had a balance of $364,900 in its Accounts Receivable account and a credit balance of $4,200 in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts account. The accounts receivable T-account consisted of $370,000 in debit balances and $5,100 in credit balances. The company aged its accounts as follows:
Current $303,000
0-60 days past due 42,000
61-180 days past due 17,000
Over 180 days past due 8,000
$370,000
In the past, the company has experienced credit losses as follows: 1% of current balances, 5% of balances 0-60 days past due, 15% of balances 61-180 days past due, and 40% of balances over six months past due. The company bases its allowance for doubtful accounts on an aging analysis of accounts receivable.
Required:
a. Prepare the adjusting entry to record the allowance for doubtful accounts for the year.
b. Show how Accounts Receivable (including the credit balances) and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts would appear on the December 31 balance sheet.
Answer:
a. First calculate the adjusting entry to record allowance.
Uncollectible for the year is;
= (303,000 * 1%) + (42,000 * 5%) + (17,000 * 15%) + (8,000 * 40%)
= $10,880
Adjusting entry = Uncollectable amount - Credit balance on allowance
= 10,880 - 4,200
= $6,680
DR Bad Debt Expense $6,680
CR Allowance for Doubtful accounts $6,680
b.
Current Assets:
Accounts Receivable $370,000
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts ($10,880)
$359,120
Current Liabilities
Customers Overpayments $5,100
The current liability above arises from the credit balance of $5,100 in the Accounts receivable account. Accounts Receivable should have a debit balance so if a credit balance occurs it is an overpayment by a customer.
QUESTION 14
Which of the following is not true when describing an Exchange?
Each part has something that might be of value to the other party
Three or more parties must be involved
Each party is capable of communication and delivery
Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party
Each party is free to accept or reject the exchange offer
Answer:
this is my answer hopes it helps you
Explanation:
Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party
ABC Corp. received a 3-month, 8% per year, $1, 500 note receivable on December 1. The adjusting entry on December 31 will include a:___________ a) debit to interest Revenue of $10 b) credit to interest Receivable of $20 c) credit to interest Revenue of $30 d) debit to interest Receivable of $10
Answer:
Option D is the correct answer.
d) debit to interest Receivable of $10
Explanation:
Under the accrual basis or principle of accounting, we match the revenue with the expenses and record the transactions in the period to which they relate to rather than when the cash is paid or received. This means that the interest receivable that is accrued for time period relating to this year should be recorded as a revenue in the current period and as an asset under interest receivable as it will be received in the next period.
Thus, the interest on the note relating to 1 month of December will be recorded as follows,
Interest Revenue = 1500 * 0.08 * 1/12 = 10
31 Dec 2021
Interest Receivable 10 Dr
Interest Revenue 10 Cr
Assuming that the price elasticity of demand for slinkys (slinkys are a metal spring-like children's toy) is 2, an increase in the price of slinkys of 15% would result in (for slinkys) ___________a. an increase in the quantity supplied of 30%b. a decrease in demand of 30%c. a decrease in the quantity demanded of 7.5%d. a decrease in the quantity demanded of 30%
Answer: d. a decrease in the quantity demanded of 30%
Explanation:
Price elasticity of a good is used to measure the magnitude of change in the quantity demanded of the good as a result of a change in price.
Price elasticity = Change in Quantity demanded / Change in Price
2 = Change in quantity demanded / 15%
Change in Quantity demanded = 2 * 15% = 30%
The elasticity is listed as positive but is supposed to be negative even though this can cause confusion. Normal goods are assumed to have a negative elasticity so unless stated otherwise, assume elasticity is negative.
This is why the change is a decrease in quantity demanded.
Which of the following is a type of liability?
A. A revenue stream
B. A liquid asset
C. Accounts payable
D. Accounts receivable
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Scubapro Corporation currently has 500,000 shares of common stock outstanding and plans to issue 200,000 more shares in a seasoned equity offering. The current shareholders have pre-emptive rights on any new issues of common stock by Scubapro Corporation. How many shares would an investor who currently has 20,000 shares, have the right to buy if she exercises her pre-emptive right?A) 200,000 shares.
B) 120,000 shares.
C) 20,000 shares.
D) 12,000 shares.
E) 8,000 shares.
Answer:
Scubapro Corporation
The investor who currently has 20,000 shares has the right to buy this number of shares, if she exercises her preemptive right:
E) 8,000 shares.
Explanation:
Data and Calculations:
Outstanding common stock = 500,000
Planned issue of additional shares = 200,000
Proportion of new issue to outstanding = 0.40 (200,000/500,000)
For an investor with 20,000 shares, she has the right to buy 8,000 (20,000 * 0.40) additional shares.
Anna Garden recently opened her own basketweaving studio. She sells finished baskets in addition to selling the raw materials needed by customers to weave baskets of their own. Unfortunately, owing to space limitations, Anna is unable to carry all varieties of kits originally assembled and must choose between two basic packages.
The Basic Kit includes undyed, uncut reeds (with dye included) for weaving one basket. This basic package costs Anna $16 and sells for $30. The second kit, called Stage 2, includes cut reeds that have already been dyed. With this kit the customer need only soak the reeds and weave the basket. Anna produces the Stage 2 kit by using the materials included in the Basic Kit. Because she is more efficient at cutting and dying reeds than her average customer, Anna is able to produce two Stage 2 kits in one hour from one Basic Kit. (She values her time at $18 per hour.) The Stage 2 kit sells for $36.
Prepare an incremental analysis for Anna's basket weaving studio.
Answer:
Stage 1 kit Stage 2 kit Differential amount
Selling price $30 $36 $6
Materials cost ($16) ($16) $0
per unit
Additional labor $0 $18/2 = ($9) ($9)
cost per unit
Contribution margin $14 $11 ($3)
per unit
Anna will lose $3 for every Stage 2 kit that she sells. Only if he is able to sell a much higher quantity of Stage 2 kits would it be worth it, but under current conditions Anna should focus on selling Stage 1 kits.
Which situation best illustrates an effect of the law of demand?
A. A car company increases sales when incomes rise in a city.
B. More children go to a theme park after a competing park shuts
down.
C. Customers stop going to a restaurant after it raises its prices.
D. A shop orders more computers when their selling price increases.
The correct answer is C
Answer: C. Customers stop going to a restaurant after it raises its prices
Explanation: (apx)
Hollister Company amended its defined benefit pension plan at the beginning of 2020 and recognized prior service cost of $1,700,000.
The company has collected the following additional information for the year 2020:
Service cost $400,000
Interest on the PBO 190,000
Amortization of prior service cost 170,000
Actual and expected return on plan assets 110,000
Plan funding was $700,000
Benefit payments to retirees totaled $390,000
The net increase to the PBO for 2020 is:_________.
a. $ 770,000.
b. $ 1,900,000.
c. $ 1,730,000.
d. $ 650,000.
Answer: b. $ 1,900,000
Explanation:
The Net Increase in PBO can be calculated by the formula;
= Prior service cost + Service cost + Interest on the PBO - Benefits paid
= 1,700,000 + 400,000 + 190,000 - 390,000
= $1,900,000
Weighted Average Cost Flow Method Under Perpetual Inventory System The following units of a particular item were available for sale during the calendar year:
Jan. 1 Inventory 10,000 units at $75.00
Mar. 18 Sale 8,000 units
May 2 Purchase 18,000 units at $77.50
Aug. 9 Sale 15,000 units
Oct. 20 Purchase 7,000 units at $80.25
The firm uses the weighted average cost method with a perpetual inventory system. Determine the cost of goods sold for each sale and the inventory balance after each sale. Present the data in the form illustrated in Exhibit 5. Round unit cost to two decimal places, if necessary.
Answer:
Please see attached solution
Explanation:
a. Cost of goods sold . Detailed explanation attached.
b. Ending inventory. Detailed explanation attached.
Note 1.
Weighted average cost per unit on January 20
= $1,545,000/20,000 units
= $77.5
Note 2
Weighted average cost per unit on January 30
= $948,000/12,000 units
= $79.00
A tax system in which the tax rate on everyone's first $10,000 of income is 10 percent, the tax rate on everyone's second $10,000 of income is 15 percent, and the tax rate on all income over $20,000 is 25 percent is a(n):
Answer:
The appropriate response is "Progressive tax".
Explanation:
Progressive taxation appears to mean that the tax rate is higher for increased organizations as well as lower for low-income communities. Whenever the taxable income leads to higher, the above tax rate tends to increase. The approximately equal tax rate would be taxation that is set regardless including its up or down in tax liability.So that above is the correct answer.
Last year there was no change in either the raw materials or the work in process beginning and ending inventories. However, finished goods, which had a beginning balance of $25,000, increased by $15,000. If the manufacturing costs incurred totaled $600,000 during the year, the cost of goods available for sale must have been:_______.
a. $585,000
b. $600,000
c. $610,000
d. $625,000
Answer:
d. $625,000
Explanation:
cost of goods available for sale = cost of goods manufactured during the current period + finished goods inventory at the beginning of the period
cost of goods manufactured during the current period = $600,000finished goods inventory at the beginning of the period = $25,000cost of goods available for sale = $600,000 + $25,000 = $625,000
cost of goods sold = cost of goods available for sale - ending inventory = $625,000 - $40,000 = $585,000
Selected transactions for Sheridan Company are presented below in journal form (without explanations).
Date Account Title Debit Credit
May 5 Accounts Receivable 4,400
Service Revenue 4,400
12 Cash 1,930
Accounts Receivable 1,930
15 Cash 2,190
Service Revenue 2,190
Post the transactions to T-accounts. (Post entries in the order of journal entries presented in the question.)
Cash
5/55/125/15 5/55/125/15
5/55/125/15 5/55/125/15
Accounts Receivable
5/55/125/15
5+55+125+15=555555555....
An optimal procedure for organizations to accept projects is to specify a return on investment (ROI) and fund only projects that meet this criterion. A. True B. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Capital budgeting is needed in any project work as it entails the process and procedures taken in evaluation and selection of long-term investments that are consistent with the firm's goal of maximizing owner's wealth.
Normally, before a company invest or undergo any project, background work is done to know if the project will yet profit or no, feasibility study is carried out and things are put in place. If it is favourable for the firm and profit is high, firms may choose to invest after weighing the pros and cons (advantage and disadvantage) of the project before investment. So return of investment initial investment is not really considered when taking up a project as all project is done at their own risk.
Strategic PlanningImagine that IBM has decided to diversify into the telecommunications business to provide online cloud-computing data services and broadband access for businesses and individuals. What method would you recommend that IBM pursue to enter this industry? Why?
Answer:
IBM could either diversify by the strategy of market penetration, which consists in increasing the market share in a particular sector (in this case, cloud computing) through more marketing efforts.
Or it could integrate horizontally, acquiring a possible competitor that is more advanced in the cloud-computing business. Or even a start-up with good prospects, because with the amount of capital that IBM has, it could more easily expand the start-up operation as a new internal business division.
Read the information about 2 competing credit cards.
Credit card 1 would be the better option if the borrow:
A. Had major expenses in the first year.
B. Spent a lot of money in the second year.
C. Used the card regularly in the long term.
D. Carried a large balance in the long term.
Answer: A. Had major expenses in the first year.
Explanation: It just makes sense and it’s also correct
In an appearance on Shark Tank, the owner of a wedding runner company wanted to pursue a strategy of _____ and make her runners affordable to the public. The sharks suggested she should pursue a strategy of ______, focusing on quality and uniqueness.a. differentiation; cost leadershipb. unrelated diversification; related diversificationc. cost leadership; differentiationd. focused retrenchment; growthe. related diversification; unrelated diversification
Answer:
c. cost leadership; differentiation
Explanation:
Remember, we are told that the owner wants to make her runners affordable to the public, and we agree that affordability is only possible when there is cost leadership. Cost leadership strategy simply implies that the company's products/services are positioned to be the cheapest in comparison with other competitors.
To specifically focus on quality and uniqueness, the sharks were asking the owner to pursue the differentiation strategy. Differentiation strategy requires having features that set your product or service apart from others such as quality and uniqueness.
Net Zero Products, a wholesaler of sustainable raw materials. Prepared the following aging of receivables analysis.
Total 0 1 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90
Accounts receivable $171,000 $96,000 $34,000 $15,000 $12,000
Percent uncollectible 1% 4% 6% 9%
Required:
a. Estimate the balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts using the aging of accounts receivable method.
b. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debts expense assuming the unadjusted balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a $2,600 credit.
Answer:
Net Zero Products
a) The balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts using the aging of accounts receivable method is $4,300.
b) Adjusting Entry to record bad debt expense:
Debit Bad Debt Expense $1,700
Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $1,700
To record the bad debt expense for the period and bring the allowance to $4,300 credit balance.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Aging of receivables analysis:
Total (days) 0 1 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90 above 90
Accounts receivable $171,000 $96,000 $34,000 $15,000 $12,000
Percent uncollectible 1% 4% 6% 9%
Allowance for doubtful 0 $960 $1,360 $900 $1,080
Total allowance for doubtful = $4,300 (960 + 1,360 + 900 + 1,080)
b) The adjustment in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts needed for the current period is $1,700 ($4,300 - $2,600). This amount will be debited to the Bad Debts Expense account and credited to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. It will bring the total for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to $4,300 from $2,600.
The price of cups increased from $3.75 to $4.05 and the quantity demanded of plates decreased from 4,950 to 4,450. Calculate the cross-price elasticity of demand for plates. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
Answer:Cross elasticity of demand = -1.25
Explanation:
Cross elasticity of demand= Per entage change in quantity of commodity A (plates)/ Percentage change in price of commodity B(cups)
Percentage change in quantity demanded for plates = (New quantity - old quantity/ old quantity ) x 100
={ (4450-4950)/4950] ×100
=-500/4950
= - 0.10×100= - 10%
Percentage change in price of cups =(New price - old price/ old price) x 100 [(4.05-3.75)/3.75]×100
=0.3/ 3.75
= 0.08×100= 8%
Cross price elasticity of demand = - 10%/8%
= - 1.25
Here, the cross elasticity of demand for these goods of cups and plates is negative(-1.25) showing that they are complementary goods since as the price for cups increases, the demand for plates decreased.
The envelope method, notebook and pencil, and online software are all methods of ______.
estimating your unexpected expenses
planning for your future
tracking your spending
understanding your current expenses
Answer:
tracking your spending
Explanation:
In personal and business activities inner needs to track spending in order to know financial status and budget effectively with available funds.
Without tracking spending there is tendency that waste will occur and spending on unimportant items will occur.
The envelop method entails having money for each category of spending in different envelops. At the end of a period you can check the envelops to see how much has been spent in each category.
Notebook and pencil involves writing down expenses.
Online software such as QuickBooks can be used to track how much an individual or business has spent.
Answer:
C. tracking your spending
Explanation:
Use the information for the question(s) below. Rosewood Industries has EBIT of $450 million, interest expense of $175 million, and a corporate tax rate of 35% If Rosewood had no interest expense, its net income would be closest to:___________ a. $430 million b. $160 million c. $290 million d. $405 million
Answer:
$180 million
Explanation:
Net income is calculated as;
= (EBIT - Interest expense)(1 - tax)
Given that;
EBIT = $450 million
Interest expense = $175 million
Tax = 35%
Net income = (450 - 175)(1 - 0.35)
Net income = (275)(0.65)
Net income = $178.75
Net income = $180 million approximated.
Rosewood's net income is closest to $180 million.
Some recent financial statements for Smolira Golf Corp. follow:
SMOLIRA GOLF CORP.
2014 and 2015 Balance Sheets
Assets Liabilities and Owners' Equity
2014 2015 2014 2015
Current assets Current liabilities
Cash $ 24,056 $ 24,200 Accounts payable $ 23,284 $ 27,200
Accounts receivable 12,548 15,300 Notes payable 12,000 10,900
Inventory 25,592 27,200 Other 11,671 15,900
Total $62,196 $ 66,700 Total $ 46,955 $ 54,000
Long-term debt $ 90,000 $103,000
Owners' equity
Common stock and
paid-in surplus $42,000 $42,000
Accumulated retained
earnings 208,936 233,000
Fixed assets
Net plant and
equipment $325,695 $365,300 Total $250,936 $275,000
Total assets $387,891 $432,000 Total liabilities and
owners' equity $387,891 $432,000
SMOLIRA GOLF CORP.
2015 Income Statement
Sales $336,329
Cost of goods sold 231,000
Depreciation 21,600
Earnings before interest and taxes $ 83,729
Interest paid 14,400
Taxable income $ 69,329
Taxes (35%) 24,265
Net income $45,064
Dividends $21,000
Retained earnings 24,064
1. The company's profit margin is __________ percent.
2. The total asset turnover is __________ times.
3. The equity multiplier is __________ times.
4. Using the Du Pont Identity, the company's ROE is __________ percent.
Answer:
1. The company's profit margin is 13.4% percent.
profit margin = net income / net sales = $45,064 / $336,329 = 13.4%
2. The total asset turnover is 0.82 times.
asset turnover ratio = net sales / average assets = $336,329 / [($387,891 + $432,000)/2] = $336,329 / $409,945.50 = 0.82
3. The equity multiplier is 1.7 times.
equity multiplier = average total assets / average total equity = $409,945.50 / [($205,936 + $275,000)/2] = $409,945.50 / $240,468 = 1.70
4. Using the Du Pont Identity, the company's ROE is 18.68% percent.
ROE = profit margin x asset turnover x equity multiplier (or financial leverage) = 0.134 x 0.82 x 1.7 = 0.1868 = 18.68%
Because in many industries the cost of generating new ideas is so high, firms must charge a price ________ cost.a. equal to the marginalb. higher than the marginalc. lower than the marginald. equal to the average fixede. lower than the average fixed
Answer:
B. higher than the marginal
Explanation:
Marginal cost can be defined as the additional or extra cost that is being incurred by a company as a result of the production of an additional unit of a product or service.
Generally, marginal cost can be calculated by dividing the change in production costs by the change in level of output or quantity.
Because in many industries the cost of generating new ideas is so high, firms must charge a price higher than marginal cost in order to maximize profits or increase the amount of profits generated.