You conduct a voltage clamp experiment in which you hold the presynaptic terminal of a glutamatergic neuron (a neuron that releases glutamate) at 0 mv. when you treat the terminal with ttx, an inward current is recorded. Calcium; voltage-gated calcium channels are responsible for the current you observe.
Electrophysiologists utilize the voltage clamp as an experimental technique to measure the ion currents flowing across the membranes of excitable cells.
With a voltage clamp, the researcher can regulate the transmembrane voltage and then measure the current flow through an activated ion channel. A selective ligand or a change in transmembrane voltage can activate an ion channel, acting as a switching mechanism.
In order to study ionic conduction in nerves, Kenneth Cole and George Marmont created an electronic circuit known as a voltage clamp2 in the late 1940s at the University of Chicago.
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Which of these statements expresses a scientific theory?
O A. Any cell that contains a nucleus is usually larger than any cell
without a nucleus.
B. A study of material found on a beach showed the presence of
cells.
OC. A material that consists of one or more cells is a living organism.
O D. All living organisms have a body that consists of one or more
cells.
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
Which of the following statements about mining booms is true?
Help me with question number 1 and 2.
Which produces more energy, aerobic respiration or
fermentation?
a. Fermentation
b. Respiration
c. They produce the same amount of energy
d. It depends on the type of cell
Answer:
aerobic respiration
Explanation:
Aerobic respiration produces more usable chemical energy in the form of ATPs than fermentation because aerobic respiration involves the complete oxidation of glucose and the release of carbon dioxide and water as end products.
How do fish stay alive when a lake or ocean freezes?
O The frozen ice sheets float on top of the water, providing insulation.
O The cohesive properties of water prevent the lake from freezing.
O The water molecules have adhesive properties.
O The ice sinks, giving the fish a way to escape the water.
The frozen ice sheets float on top of the water, providing insulation.
do fish stay alive when a lake or ocean freezes
How do fish endure in ice-covered water?Water does not freeze under the higher, ice-covered layer; it stays in its liquid state. In addition, oxygen is imprisoned beneath the ice. Fish and other aquatic creatures can thus dwell peacefully in the frozen lakes and ponds.
Only shallow water bodies will solidify because the ice acts as an insulator, delaying the cooling of the water below. Because there is constantly access to liquid water, even when it is quite cold, higher creatures like fish can thrive.
Fish in this resting condition move very little, their hearts slow down, and their requirements for food and oxygen diminish.
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A line of mutated yeast cells, called wee mutants, has no mitochondria. Their name comes from the fact that these cells are very small compared to other yeast cells. Which energy-harvesting processes can wee mutants perform?.
The tiny mutant yeast cells can engage in the glycolysis and fermentation energy-harvesting processes.
These procedures for gathering energy take place outside of the mitochondria. The cytosol serves as this processes' natural habitat. The altered yeast cells lack mitochondria, as was mentioned in the question, making it difficult for them to obtain energy through the tricarboxylic acid pathway or by electron transport, both of which take place inside the inner mitochondrial membrane. Therefore, the wee mutant yeast cells can only harvest energy from sugar (glucose) either by glycolysis or fermentation and this is as a result of the mutation that has robbed them of a mitochondrion.
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Substances like water have their own chemical formulas. What does a chemical formula tell you?
Answer: A chemical formula is an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements. If only one atom of a specific type is present, no subscript is used. For atoms that have two or more of a specific type of atom present, a subscript is written after the symbol for that atom
Explanation:
What is ATP used for in cells?
Answer:
Energy Source ATP is the main carrier of energy used for all cellular activities.
Explanation: ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, which is a biomolecule that is formed by the combination of three components a purine base (adenine), a sugar molecule (ribose), and three phosphate groups.
what is schizophyta and cyanophta
Answer:
Schizophyte was a botanical classification proposed by Ferdinand Cohn to describe the class of primitive "plants" that reproduce solely by fission. It has been considered synonymous with the Protophyta of Sachs and the Monera of Haeckel
and
Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name cyanobacteria refers to their color, which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blue-green algae.
Explanation:
consider a hypothetical signaling pathway where the initiating signal is a, the terminal response is e, and there are three intermediate components, b, c, and d, such that the complete pathway is a-b-c-d-e. experimentally, you determine that e acts to simulate a. this is an example of
This is an example of Positive feedback
In contrast to negative feedback, positive feedback occurs when an output is used as a signal to increase further response of the output. In other words, if process A results in consequence E, E reinforces process A, resulting in a cascade where more of E occurs, which causes more of A to occur, and so on.
That is to say, E signals to A to continue the sequence of reactions leading to output E in itself. In most cases, positive feedback always acts to elicit a response from the initiating or preceding steps in a pathway. It is called positive feedback because the result of the action is to amplify the output of a process.
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Place each object on the measurement tray , one at a time. which objects have a mass greater than 300 grams ? how do you know?
Place each object on the measurement tray, one at a time, objects like cubes have a mass greater than 300 grams leaving the pointer below the reference. I know that as to put weight on the other arms the pointer gets closer to the reference.
Using a three-arm scale, successive approximations are used to determine the weight of a body. Starting with the arm with the greatest mass (middle), weights are added to the second arm (above) to bring the pointer as close to zero as possible without going over, and when it is used, the arm with the lowest mass (below), masses are added until it reaches the reference. The three numbers are summed up after taking into account the total weight of all the jinetillos and the product of the jinetillo's position and the arm's accuracy.
The jinetillo is positioned in position 3 of the 100-arm structure in the provided example, making the weight 300 g of cubes.
The pointer must be inside or below the reference (zero) for the weight to be accurate. When an object weighs more than 300 g, the pointer drops below the reference; to get the proper weight, the other two arms must be used. The pointer approaches the reference as you shift weight to the other arms.
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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:
How is a triple beam balance used to find mass?
1. Observe: The riders have masses of 10 grams (top), 100 grams (middle), and 1 gram (bottom). Drag the 100-gram rider to 300. At this position, it balances a 300-gram mass. What happens to the pointer?
2. Compare: Place each object on the measurement tray, one at a time. Which objects have a mass greater than 300 grams? How do you know?
PLEASE HELP
5. Describe what is meant when we say a protein/enzyme is denatured.
6. Identify at least three factors that can denature proteins/enzymes.
7. Define enzyme and give two examples of enzymes and their functions in the human
body.
8. Describe what is meant by a structural protein and provide two examples in the human
body.
An enzyme is denatured when it loses its natural shape (5), which may occur in normal temperature, pH and ion concentration (6). An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes a reaction such as catalase and peroxidase, which work together to eliminate toxins (7). Moreover, structural proteins form cellular structures such as microtubules or actin filaments in the cytoskeleton (8).
What is an enzyme?An enzyme is a protein that may speed up the velocity of a reaction by lowering the activation energy required to carry out the conversion of reactants to the final reaction products in such reaction.
Conversely, structural proteins do not have enzymatic activity but they play a fundamental role to form cellular structures such as the actin filaments in the muscle cells, which are composed of key actin structural proteins.
Therefore, we can conclude that enzymes are non-structural proteins that can work to increase the speed of a chemical reaction, which is fundamental during metabolic activities.
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The image shows rock layers and magma under Earth's
surface.
Existing rock layers.
At which location are metamorphic rocks most likely
forming?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Under the surface of the Earth, the graphic depicts magma and rock strata, metamorphic rocks most likely to form 3rd layer.
The ideal answer is C.
Igneous rocks: what are they?the frozen magma layer Igneous rock, a subclass of rock, is formed by stone. Extrusive igneous rocks are created by magma that freezes after it has reached the earth's surface. While the earth's frozen magma, which has not yet reached the surface, creates an intrusive rock type. Igneous rocks, on the other hand, refer to all rocks created by the freezing of magma.
What is magma?Magma was present before the occurrence ever began. The foundation of all rock formation is this magma. Due to the presence of magma that was crystallizing beforehand, the formation of rocks was the first.
Under the surface of the Earth, the graphic depicts magma and rock strata, metamorphic rocks most likely to form 3rd layer.
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A brown rooster is mated with a brown chicken and they have five offspring. Two are brown and three are white, which is a recessive trait. What is the most likely explanation for this? (5 points)
All of the white chickens carry a mutation.
Feather color is not hereditary.
Both parents carried the trait for white feathers.
Those chicks had less time to develop in the egg.
Answer:
I believe it is c. both parents carried the trait
Explanation:
I think its this because when youre using the square method and end up with a recessive trait that means both parents had to have carried that trait.
the fungi then absorb the deconstructed organic matter as simple compounds. which of the following explains how this affects the surrounding environment
The absorption of deconstructed organic matter as simple compounds by fungi can help in the cleaning of the environment as well as the availability of nutrients in the soil.
How do fungi actions affect the surrounding environment?
Fungi are heterotrophic organisms means they get their food from other organisms in the environment. They get their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds that are present in the environment. Fungi and bacteria are found in soil which are the primary decomposers of organic matter in land ecosystems. Fungi decompose organic matter by releasing enzymes that can break down the decaying material. After absorbing the nutrients in the decaying material. Hyphae break down the organic matter and absorb nutrients that are used in the growth and reproduction of fungi.
So we can conclude that cleaning of the environment, as well as the availability of nutrients in the soil, occurs when the fungi absorb deconstructed organic matter as simple compounds.
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Walter Disney - Why are they inspiring and how will you use them as an example to accomplish your goals?
Please help me In your own words I need help I only have 30 minutes
Answer: Take What You Do Seriously
He never took his art or talent for granted. Never would you find Walt Disney in his studio slacking off or procrastinating on his projects. He always took the lead when it came to doing what he loved, never putting his passion on the back burner. another answer might help you
He was thoughtful and creative to the people around him and that made him a natural success, inspiring young kids and even older people that wanted to think outside the box was a possibility. In conclusion, Walt Disney inspired everyone that loved his work and wanted to follow their dreams or even wish upon a star.
Explanation: The key to Walt's legacy of success was turning his failures into learning opportunities, and pushing through when times got rough. “All the adversity I've had in my life, all my troubles and obstacles, have strengthened me
PLS HELP
Write a minimum of three paragraphs to explain how your favorite organism demonstrates the eight characteristics of life.
WRITE USING THE BACTERIA CAUSE IT IS MY FAVORITE ORGANISM.
The bacteria demonstrates the eight characteristics of life as follows:
reproduction - bacteria reproduce by binary fissionheredity - the bacteria tranfers its genetic informatio to its daughter cellscellular organization - the cell of bacteria is aorgaized to perform several functionsgrowth and development - the bacteria grows and dividesresponse to stimuli - the bacteria responds to cahnges in its environment by for example growing in favorable conditions adaptation through evolution - the bacteria adapts to its envrionment by for example modifying ts DNAhomeostasis - the bacteria mantains a foatly constant internal environmentmetabolism - the bacteria metabolizes nutrients in its enviromjet.What are the eight characteristics of life?The characteristics of life are those characteristics possessed by organisms that make them live.
The eight characteristics of life are as follows:
reproductionhereditycellular organizationgrowth and developmentresponse to stimuliadaptation through evolutionhomeostasis, and metabolism.Organisms that possess these characteristics are able to continue living as their environment changes.
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the lack of double bonds in phospholipids with saturated fatty acids allow them to pack together tightly, and therefore the membrane is fluid. kinks introduced by double bonds in lipids with unsaturated fatty acids prevent them from packing together tightly, and therefore the membrane is fluid.
The lack of double bonds in saturated fats allows them to pack together tightly, and therefore the membrane is less fluid. The presence of double bonds in unsaturated fats prevents them from packing together tightly, and therefore the membrane is more fluid.
Dietary fats include saturated fat. In addition to trans fat, it is one of the most harmful fats. At room temperature, these lipids are frequently solid. High quantities of saturated fat are found in foods like butter, cheese, red meat, palm and coconut oils, and butter.
Unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature, are thought to be good fats because they have a number of advantages for well-being, including lower blood cholesterol levels, reduced inflammation, stable heart rhythms, and more. Unsaturated fat molecules can be connected by one, two, or three double or triple bonds. These fats exist as liquid oil at normal temperatures. At room temperature, these fats are liquid in the form of oil.
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You can get mercury poisoning if you eat daily meals of tuna, a top predator. However, you can safely eat daily meals of sardines, which are primary consumers. What biological process explains this?.
Answer:
The trophic system
Explanation:
Because mercury is commonly released into the environment, it accumulates in ocean sediments and eventually enters the food chain. The reason you can eat sardines safely is because the are primary consumers also known as autotrophs or herbivores. Because sardines aren't predatory they never consume mercury in a quantity high enough to even enter the bloodstream. However, tunas are heterotrophs or carnivores (though heterotrophs can still be omnivorous) meaning that they often consume other primary consumers with high amounts of mercury in their bloodstreams as well.
A student observes cells of a familiar species under a microscope analyze the observation the student recorded in the chart below. Which of the following observations support the students conclusion that the species is a prokaryote?
The absence of membrane-bound organelles is the most suitable observation to differentiate the cells.
This is due to the fact that membrane-bound organelles are present in all eukaryotes but not in prokaryotic cells. One of the many distinctions between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is this one.
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes also differ in other ways.
bacterial cells
There are only single-celled organisms known as prokaryotes.
The DNA in prokaryotes is circular.
Prokaryotes lack a nuclear structure.
There are no organelles with membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells: Single- and multicellular organisms make up eukaryotes.
The DNA of eukaryotes is linear.
There is a nucleus in eukaryotes.
Organelles have connections to membranes.
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A researcher placed a sample of purified lipid in a test tube containing water. She observed the formation of spherical micelle structures in the solution. Ultrastructural analysis of the micelles showed a light outer shell and a denser inner core.
Use the passage to answer the question.
The researcher hypothesizes that the lipid micelles are held together by non-covalent interactions. She tests this hypothesis by vigorously agitating the solution. Which of these observations would provide the STRONGEST support for her hypothesis?
A.
The number of micelles decreases, and the size of the micelles decreases.
B.
The number of micelles increases, and the size of the micelles decreases.
C.
The number of micelles decreases, and the size of the micelles increases.
D.
The number of micelles increases, and the size of the micelles increases.
6 / 24
The hypothesis that supports that micelles are held together by non-covalent interactions are: (B) The number of micelles increases, and the size of the micelles decreases.
Non-covalent interactions are the bonds that are formed without the sharing of electrons. The example of the same are: ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.
Micelles are the spherical structures formed by lipids in aqueous solution. The hydrophobic tail of the micelles remains on the inside while the hydrophilic head remains on the outside. Since the micelles are held together by non-covalent interaction, they can break off easily upon constant agitation. This is why the micelle size decreases. Since it is the tendency of lipids to form micelles in aqueous solution, the separated lipids due to agitation will again join together to form another micelle, hence their number increases.
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Which is a requirement for a person to become a naturalized U.S. Citizen?
Answer:
Working in the US for 5 years
You are standing on a street corner and you hear an ambulance siren. The
pitch of the siren seems to be getting higher. What do you expect will happen
next?
A. The siren will get louder and higher as the ambulance moves
toward you.
OB. The pitch of the siren will continue to get higher, but you will not
see the ambulance because it is moving away.
C. The pitch of the siren will change unpredictably as it approaches
you.
OD. The siren will eventually fade as the ambulance moves away from
you.
Answer:
The pitch of the siren will drop and then we know that ambulance is going away .
Explanation:
Answer
The siren will get louder and higher as the ambulance moves
toward you.
Explanation:
Melissa is a student studying biology at the university of michigan. She grew up in michigan, in a nearby town. Identify each person as either being a member of an in-group or out-group for melissa.
The persons that can be identified as an in-group for Melissa are: a current community college student with whom Melissa went to high school, her sister who is a student at Michigan State, a history major at the University of Michigan. The person that can be identified as an out-group for Melissa is: an Ohio State student who went to Melissa's rival high school in Michigan.
In the field of sociology, an in-group can be described as such a group that is recognized by a certain person and claims to be a part of that group. On the other hand, an out-group can be described as such a group that is not recognized by a person and is not a part of that group.
In the scenario above, Melissa's family members, her college fellows, and her university mates will be considered her in-group. On the other hand, as Melissa does not recognize every person from her rival university, hence they would be her outgroup.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Melissa is a student studying biology at the University of Michigan. She grew up in Michigan, in a nearby town. Identify each person as either being a member of an in-group or out-group for Melissa.
a current community college student with whom Melissa went to high school.
an Ohio State student who went to Melissa's rival high school in Michigan
Her sister who is a student at Michigan State.
A history major at the University of Michigan.
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the , the part of the brain that regulates many bodily functions, has been identified as a possible contributor to the development of eating disorders. cerebellum
The hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates many bodily functions, has been identified as a possible contributor to the development of eating disorders.
The hypothalamus also called the control coordinating center, regulates various body functions and is also a possible contributor to an eating disorder or 'anorexia'.
In anorexia, an eating disorder, orexigenic factors produce a mixed signal that weakens the hypothalamus and causes disturbances in its regulatory pathways thus allowing the brain to have control over the hypothalamus and ward off the eating signals.
It also regulates and maintains the internal balance of our body, known as homeostasis, through regulating or inhibiting body temperature, increased heart rate, and blood pressure.
In order to keep our body in a stable state, it influences our nervous system and also manages hormonal activities.
Other key processes regulated by the hypothalamus are thirst and hunger, mood swings, sleep cycle, and sex drive as well.
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Describe how mountains sides are naturally changed by the environment
Answer:
erosion and tectonic plated
Proteins are responsible for enzymatic reactions, help the body defend itself against harmful bacteria and parasites, and allow for physical movement. What is the most basic need in order for the human body to make proteins?.
Proteins are responsible for enzymatic reactions, help the body defend itself against harmful bacteria and parasites, and allow for physical movement. The most basic need in order for the human body to make proteins is amino acids.
Amino acids are key components of protein molecules and are utilized by the body to synthesize proteins.
There are thousands of amino acids, however, only 20 are crucial as our body needs them to function properly.
Nine out of 20 are known as essential amino acids while 11 are non-essential amino acids.
Essential amino acids - isoleucine, lysine, threonine, leucine, and valine are obtained from food we eat.
Our body does not store amino acids therefore we must consume nutrient-rich food to get enough supply of them.
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If all of our senses ultimately send the same kind of electrical signals to the brain, how do we end up with our distinct sensory and perceptual experiences?.
Answer:
The electrical signals are sent to, and processed by, different parts of the brain that enable each of our senses.
Explanation:
why is onion skin referred to as tissue?
Explanation:
The epidermis of the onion bulb is a single layer of tissue that is easy to separate. For this reason, onion peel is best for educational and experimental purposes to study the structure of plant cells. Due to the large size of onion cells, the cells can be examined under low magnification.
In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, spirogyra; the primary consumer is the crustacean, daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the daphnia are killed with pesticides?.
If the daphnia are killed by pesticides the population of fish in the pond will greatly decline
The primary consumers (daphnia and Crustaceans) derive energy directly from the producers. Once their population decrease, there will be a significant increase in the population of green algae and spirogyra.
This subsequently leads to oxygen reduction in the pond.he fishes will not have enough oxygen to survive
Also, There will not be enough food for the secondary producer to eat (as only crustacean remain). The secondary pconsumers will not have enough energy to pass down to tertiary consumers and this may lead to their death and potential decrease in their population.
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