Answer:Poisson's Ratio,μ = 0.46
Explanation:
Poisson's Ratio is calculate as
μ = transverse/ longitudinal strain
μ = - εt / εl
where
μ = Poisson's ratio
εt = transverse strain
εl = longitudinal strain
Transverse strain can be expressed as
εt = change in diameter / initial diameter
where
εt =transverse strain
change in diameter=0.007mm
initial diameter = 10mm
εt =0.007mm/ 10mm= 0.0007
Longitudinal strain can be expressed as
εl=Stress/ elastic modulus = σ/ E
= Stress = 150 MPa , converting to GPa becomes 150/1000 = 0.15 GPa
εl= 0.15 GPa / 100 GPa= 0.0015
Poisson's Ratio,μ = transverse/ longitudinal strain
( 0.0007 /0.0015) = 0.46 =0.46
I need help with simply science
Answer:
mountain ranges may be
is a process that is used to systematically solve problems.
design
engineering
brainstorming
O teamwork
Answer:
design
Explanation:
Design is a process used to solve problems systematically.
Human beings have specific needs and desires, which require a design process to interpret those needs and make them real from a product or service.
Design uses specific methods and techniques integrating ideals, creativity, technology and innovation to satisfy users' needs and solve problems.
7. The surface finish for the cylinder walls usually depends on the
O A. type of engine oil used.
O B. sharpness of the cylinder bore edges.
O C.type of piston rings used
O D. cylinder wall-to-piston clearance.
A thin, flat pate that is 0.2m by 0.2m on a side is oriented parallel to an atmospheric airstream having a velocity of 40m/s. The air is at a temperature of T∞ = 20 °C, while the plate is maintained at Ts = 1200 C. The air flows over the top and bottom surfaces of the plate, and measurement of the drag force reveals a value of 0.075 N. What is the rate of heat transfer from both sides of the plate to the air?
This question is incomplete, the complete question is;
A thin, flat pate that is 0.2m by 0.2m on a side is oriented parallel to an atmospheric airstream having a velocity of 40m/s. The air is at a temperature of T∞ = 20 °C, while the plate is maintained at Ts = 120°C. The air flows over the top and bottom surfaces of the plate, and measurement of the drag force reveals a value of 0.075 N.
What is the rate of heat transfer from both sides of the plate to the air?
Answer:
the rate of heat transfer from both sides of the plate to the air is 236.54 W
Explanation:
Given the data in the question,
first we calculate the Reynold's number for the flow
Re = pu∞d / Ц
Re = (1.12 × 40 × 0.2) / 1.983 × 10⁻⁵
Re = 451840
Now the Local skin friction coefficient is given as;
Cfx = T / ( 1/2pu∞²)
Cfx = (Fd/A) / ( 1/2pu∞²)
Cfx = (0.075/(2×0.2×0.2)) / ( 1/2 × 1.12 × 40²)
= 0.9375 / 896
= 0.0010463
Cfx = 1.0463 × 10⁻³
Apply Reynold's- cOLBURN analogy
Cfx/2 = StₓPr^2/3
so
1.0463 × 10⁻³ / 2 = (h/pu∞Cp) × ( 0.711)^2/3
5.2315 × 10⁻⁴ × 1.12 × 40 × 1.005 × 1000 = h(0.711)^2/3
h = 23.554 / 0.7966
h = 29.56 W/m².K
so
The heat transfer rate from both the sides of the plate will be;
Q = 2 × 29.56 × 0.2 × 0.2 × ( 120 - 20 )
Q = 236.54 W
Therefore the rate of heat transfer from both sides of the plate to the air is 236.54 W
In a p+-n Si junction, the n side has a donor concentration of 1016 cm^-3. If ni = 1010 cm^-3, relative dielectric constant Pr = 12, calculate the depletion width at a reverse bias of 100 V? What is the electric field at the mid-point of the depletion region on the n side?
Answer:
This graph shows linear
y = f(x) and y = g(x).
Find the solution to the equation f(x) - g(x) = 0
If it is desired to lay off a distance of 10,000' with a total error of no more than ± 0.30 ft. If a 100' tape is used and the distance can be measured using full tape measures, what is the maxim error per tape measure allowed?
Answer:
± 0.003 ft
Explanation:
Since our distance is 10,000 ft and we need to use a full tape measure of 100 ft. We find that 10,000 = 100 × 100.
Let L' = our distance and L = our tape measure
So, L' = 100L
Now by error determination ΔL' = 100ΔL
Now ΔL' = ± 0.30 ft
ΔL = ΔL'/100
= ± 0.30 ft/100
= ± 0.003 ft
So, the maxim error per tape is ± 0.003 ft
Consider the following ways of handling deadlock: (1) banker’s algorithm, (2) detect
deadlock and kill thread, releasing all resources, (3) reserve all resources in advance,
(4) restart thread and release all resources if thread needs to wait, (5) resource ordering, and (6) detect deadlock and roll back thread’s actions.
a. One criterion to use in evaluating different approaches to deadlock is which
approach permits the greatest concurrency. In other words, which approach allows
the most threads to make progress without waiting when there is no deadlock?
Give a rank order from 1 to 6 for each of the ways of handling deadlock just listed,
where 1 allows the greatest degree of concurrency. Comment on your ordering.
b. Another criterion is efficiency; in other words, which requires the least processor
overhead. Rank order the approaches from 1 to 6, with 1 being the most efficient,
assuming that deadlock is a very rare event. Comment on your ordering. Does
your ordering change if deadlocks occur frequently?
who can answer part B for me?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Un mol de gas ideal realiza un trabajo de 3000 J sobre su entorno, cuando se expande de manera isotermica a una temperatura de 58°C, cuando su volumen inicial es de 25 L. Determinar el volumen final
Answer:
74,4 litros
Explanation:
Dado que
W = nRT ln (Vf / Vi)
W = 3000J
R = 8,314 JK-1mol-1
T = 58 + 273 = 331 K
Vf = desconocido
Vi = 25 L
W / nRT = ln (Vf / Vi)
W / nRT = 2.303 log (Vf / Vi)
W / nRT * 1 / 2.303 = log (Vf / Vi)
Vf / Vi = Antilog (W / nRT * 1 / 2.303)
Vf = Antilog (W / nRT * 1 / 2.303) * Vi
Vf = Antilog (3000/1 * 8,314 * 331 * 1 / 2,303) * 25
Vf = 74,4 litros
How will the delay and active power per device change as you increase the doping density of both the N- and the P-MOSFET?
Answer:
hello your question is incomplete attached below is the missing part of the question
Consider an inverter operating a power supply voltage VDD. Assume that matched condition for this inverter. Make the necessary assumptions to get to an answer for the following questions.
answer : Nd ∝ rt
Explanation:
Determine how the delay and active power per device will change as the doping density of N- and P-MOSFET increases
Pactive ( active power ) = Efs * F
Pactive = [tex]\frac{q^2Nd^2*Xn^2}{6Eo} * f[/tex]
also note that ; Pactive ∝ Nd2 (
tD = K . [tex]\frac{Vdd}{(Vdd - Vt )^2}[/tex] since K = constant
Hence : Nd ∝ rt
A mixture of octane, C8H18, and air flowing into a combustor has 60% excess air and 1 kmol/s of octane. What is the mole flow rate (kmol/s) of CO2 in the product stream?
Answer:
8 kmol/s
Explanation:
From the given information:
The combustion reaction equation for Octane in a stoichiometric condition can be expressed as:
[tex]C_{8}H_{18} +12.5(O_2 + \dfrac{79}{21} N_2) \to 9H_2O +8CO_2 + 12.5(\dfrac{79}{21}N_2)[/tex]
[tex]C_{8}H_{18} +12.5(O_2 + 3.76N_2) \to 9H_2O +8CO_2 + 12.5(3.76 \ N_2)[/tex]
In the combustor, it is said that 60% of excess air and 1 mole of Octane is present.
Thus;
the air supplied = 1.6 × 12.5 = 20
The equation can now be re-written as:
[tex]C_{8}H_{18} +20(O_2 + 3.76N_2) \to 9H_2O +8CO_2 + 7.5 \ O_2+ 75.2 \ N_2[/tex] because for 1 mole of Octane, 8 moles of CO2 can be found in the combustion product.
Thus, for 1 kmol/s of Octane also produce 8 kmol/s of CO2.
∴
The mole flow rate in Kmol/s of CO2 in the product stream = 8 kmol/s
Air is compressed isothermally from 13 psia and 55°F to 80 psia in a reversible steady-flow device. Calculate the work required, in Btu/lbm, for this compression. The gas constant of air is R.
Answer:64.10 Btu/lbm
Explanation:
Work done in an isothermally compressed steady flow device is expressed as
Work done = P₁V₁ In { P₁/ P₂}
Work done=RT In { P₁/ P₂}
where P₁=13 psia
P₂= 80 psia
Temperature =°F Temperature is convert to °R
T(°R) = T(°F) + 459.67
T(°R) = 55°F+ 459.67
=514.67T(°R)
According to the properties of molar gas, gas constant and critical properties table, R which s the gas constant of air is given as 0.06855 Btu/lbm
Work = RT In { P₁/ P₂}
0.06855 x 514.67 In { 13/ 80}
=0.06855 x 514.67 In {0.1625}
= 0.06855 x 514.67 x -1.817
=- 64.10Btu/lbm
The required work therefore for this isothermal compression is 64.10 Btu/lbm
Oil with a kinematic viscosity of 4 10 6 m2 /s fl ows through a smooth pipe 12 cm in diameter at 2.3 m/s. What velocity should water?
Answer:
Velocity of 5 cm diameter pipe is 1.38 m/s
Explanation:
Use following equation of Relation between the Reynolds numbers of both pipes
[tex]Re_{5}[/tex] = [tex]Re_{12}[/tex]
[tex]\sqrt{\frac{V_{5}XD_{5} }{v_{5}}}[/tex]= [tex]\sqrt{\frac{V_{12}XD_{12} }{v_{12}}}[/tex]
[tex]Re_{5}[/tex] = Reynold number of water pipe
[tex]Re_{12}[/tex] = Reynold number of oil pipe
[tex]V_{5}[/tex] = Velocity of water 5 diameter pipe = ?
[tex]V_{12}[/tex] = Velocity of oil 12 diameter pipe = 2.30
[tex]v_{5}[/tex] = Kinetic Viscosity of water = 1 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] [tex]m^{2}[/tex]/s
[tex]v_{12}[/tex] = Kinetic Viscosity of oil = 4 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] [tex]m^{2}[/tex]/s
[tex]D_{5}[/tex] = Diameter of pipe used for water = 0.05 m
[tex]D_{12}[/tex] = Diameter of pipe used for oil = 0.12 m
Use the formula
[tex]\sqrt{\frac{V_{5}XD_{5} }{v_{5}}}[/tex]= [tex]\sqrt{\frac{V_{12}XD_{12} }{v_{12}}}[/tex]
By Removing square rots on both sides
[tex]{\frac{V_{5}XD_{5} }{v_{5}}}[/tex]= [tex]{\frac{V_{12}XD_{12} }{v_{12}}}[/tex]
[tex]{V_{5}[/tex]= [tex]{\frac{V_{12}XD_{12} }{v_{12}XD_{5}\\}}[/tex]x[tex]v_{5}[/tex]
[tex]{V_{5}[/tex]= [ (0.23 x 0.12m ) / (4 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] [tex]m^{2}[/tex]/s) x 0.05 ] 1 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] [tex]m^{2}[/tex]/s
[tex]{V_{5}[/tex] = 1.38 m/s
Write out simple definitions in words and equations for the following:
a. a1
b. b1
c. S11
d. S12
e. S21
f. S22
Answer:
a) a1 : This is the incident voltage at port 1
b) b1 : This is the deflected voltage at port 1 ;
b1 = [tex]S_{21} a_{1} + S_{22} a_{2}[/tex]
c) S11 ; This is the input port voltage reflection coefficient when the input voltage is at port 1
S11 = [tex]\frac{V1^-}{V1^+} |v2^+=0[/tex]
d) S12 : this is the gross voltage gain
S12 = [tex]\frac{V1^-}{V2^+}| v1 ^+[/tex]
e) S21 : This is the forward voltage gain
S21 = [tex]\frac{V2^-}{V1^+} | v2^+[/tex]
f) S22 : output port voltage reflection coefficient
S22 = [tex]\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0[/tex][tex]\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0[/tex]
Explanation:
a) a1 : This is the incident voltage at port 1
b) b1 : This is the deflected voltage at port 1 ;
b1 = [tex]S_{21} a_{1} + S_{22} a_{2}[/tex]
c) S11 ; This is the input port voltage reflection coefficient when the input voltage is at port 1
S11 = [tex]\frac{V1^-}{V1^+} |v2^+=0[/tex]
d) S12 : this is the gross voltage gain
S12 = [tex]\frac{V1^-}{V2^+}| v1 ^+[/tex]
e) S21 : This is the forward voltage gain
S21 = [tex]\frac{V2^-}{V1^+} | v2^+[/tex]
f) S22 : output port voltage reflection coefficient
S22 = [tex]\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0[/tex][tex]\frac{v2^-}{v2^+} | v1^+ = 0[/tex]
what is an example of an innovative solution to an engineering problem? Explain briefly why you chose this answer.
Answer:
robotic technology
Explanation:
Innovation is nothing but the use of various things such as ideas, products, people to build up a solution for the benefit of the human. It can be any product or any solution which is new and can solve people's problems.
Innovation solution makes use of technology to provide and dispatch new solutions or services which is a combination of both technology and ideas.
One such example of an innovative solution we can see is the use of "Robots" in medical science or in any military operations or rescue operation.
Sometimes it is difficult for humans to do everything or go to everywhere. Thus scientist and engineers have developed many advance robots or machines using new ideas and technology to find solutions to these problems.
Using innovations and technologies, one can find solutions to many problems which is difficult for the peoples. Robots can be used in any surveillance operation or in places of radioactive surrounding where there is a danger of humans to get exposed to such threats. They are also used in medical sciences to operate and support the patient.
A gas stream contains 18.0 mole% hexane and the remainder nitrogen. The stream flows to a condenser, where its temperature is reduced and some of the hexane is liquefied. The hexane mole fraction in the gas stream leaving the condenser is 0.0500. Liquid hexane condensate is recovered at a rate of 1.50 L/min.
(a) What is the flow rate of the gas stream leaving the condenser in mol/min? (Hint : First calculate the molar flow rate of the condensate and note that the rates at which C6H14 and N2 enter the unit must equal the total rates at which they leave in the two exit streams.)
(b) What percentage of the hexane entering the condenser is recovered as a liquid?
Answer:
A. 72.34mol/min
B. 76.0%
Explanation:
A.
We start by converting to molar flow rate. Using density and molecular weight of hexane
= 1.59L/min x 0.659g/cm³ x 1000cm³/L x 1/86.17
= 988.5/86.17
= 11.47mol/min
n1 = n2+n3
n1 = n2 + 11.47mol/min
We have a balance on hexane
n1y1C6H14 = n2y2C6H14 + n3y3C6H14
n1(0.18) = n2(0.05) + 11.47(1.00)
To get n2
(n2+11.47mol/min)0.18 = n2(0.05) + 11.47mol/min(1.00)
0.18n2 + 2.0646 = 0.05n2 + 11.47mol/min
0.18n2-0.05n2 = 11.47-2.0646
= 0.13n2 = 9.4054
n2 = 9.4054/0.13
n2 = 72.34 mol/min
This value is the flow rate of gas that is leaving the system.
B.
n1 = n2 + 11.47mol/min
72.34mol/min + 11.47mol/min
= 83.81 mol/min
Amount of hexane entering condenser
0.18(83.81)
= 15.1 mol/min
Then the percentage condensed =
11.47/15.1
= 7.59
~7.6
7.6x100
= 76.0%
Therefore the answers are a.) 72.34mol/min b.) 76.0%
Please refer to the attachment .
A rigid tank of volume of 0.06 m^3 initially contains a saturated mixture of liquid and vapor of H2O at a pressure of 15 bar and a quality of 0.2. The tank has a pressure-regulating venting valve that allows pressure to be constant. The tank is subsequently being heated until its content becomes a saturated vapor (of quality 1.0). During heating, the pressure-regulating valve keeps the pressure constant in the tank by allowing saturated vapor to escape. You can neglecting the kinetic and potential energy effects.
Required:
a. Determine the total mass in the tank at the initial and final states, in kg.
b. Calculate the amount of heat (in kJ) transferred from the initial state to the final state.
Answer:
The total mass in the tank = 0.45524 kg
The amount of heat transferred = 3426.33 kJ
Explanation:
Given that:
The volume of the tank V = 0.06 m³
The pressure of the liquid and the vapor of H2O (p) = 15 bar
The initial quality of the mixture [tex]\mathbf{x_{initial} - 0.20}[/tex]
By applying the energy rate balance equation;
[tex]\dfrac{dU}{dt} = Q_{CV} - m_eh_e[/tex]
where;
[tex]m_e =- \dfrac{dm_{CV}}{dt}[/tex]
Thus, [tex]\dfrac{dU}{dt} =Q_{CV} + \dfrac{dm_{CV}}{dt}h_e[/tex]
If we integrate both sides; we have:
[tex]\Delta u_{CV} = Q_{CV} + h _e \int \limits ^2_1 \ dm_{CV}[/tex]
[tex]m_2u_2 - m_1 u_1 = Q_{CV} + h_e (M_2-m_1) \ \ \ --- (1)[/tex]
We obtain the following data from the saturated water pressure tables, at p = 15 bar.
Since:
[tex]h_e =h_g[/tex]
Then: [tex]h_g = h_e = 2792.2 \ kJ/kg[/tex]
[tex]v_f = 1.1539 \times 10^{-3} \ m^3 /kg[/tex]
[tex]v_g = 0.1318 \ m^3/kg[/tex]
Hence;
[tex]v_1 = v_f + x_{initial} ( v_g-v_f)[/tex]
[tex]v_1 = 1.1529 \times 10^{-3} + 0.2 ( 0.1318-1.159\times 10^{-3} )[/tex]
[tex]v_1 = 0.02728 \ m^3/kg[/tex]
Similarly; we obtained the data for [tex]u_f \ \& \ u_g[/tex] from water pressure tables at p = 15 bar
[tex]u_f = 843.16 \ kJ/kg\\\\ u_g = 2594.5 \ kJ/kg[/tex]
Hence;
[tex]u_1 = u_f + x_{initial } (u_g -u_f)[/tex]
[tex]u_1 =843.16 + 0.2 (2594.5 -843.16)[/tex]
[tex]u_1 = 1193.428[/tex]
However; the initial mass [tex]m_1[/tex] can be calculated by using the formula:
[tex]m_1 = \dfrac{V}{v_1}[/tex]
[tex]m_1 = \dfrac{0.06}{0.02728}[/tex]
[tex]m_1 = 2.1994 \ kg[/tex]
From the question, given that the final quality; [tex]x_2 = 1[/tex]
[tex]v_2 = v_f + x_{final } (v_g - v_f)[/tex]
[tex]v_2 = 1.1539 \times 10^{-3} + 1(0.1318 -1.1539 \times 10^{-3})[/tex]
[tex]v_2 = 0.1318 \ m^3/kg[/tex]
Also;
[tex]u_2 = u_f + x_{final} (u_g - u_f)[/tex]
[tex]u_2 = 843.16 + 1 (2594.5 - 843.16)[/tex]
[tex]u_2 = 2594.5 \ kJ/kg[/tex]
Then the final mass can be calculated by using the formula:
[tex]m_2 = \dfrac{V}{v_2}[/tex]
[tex]m_2 = \dfrac{0.06}{0.1318}[/tex]
[tex]m_2 = 0.45524 \ kg[/tex]
Thus; the total mass in the tank = 0.45524 kg
FInally; from the previous equation (1) above:
[tex]m_2u_2 - m_1 u_1 = Q_{CV} + h_e (M_2-m_1) \ \ \ --- (1)[/tex]
[tex]Q = (m_2u_2-m_1u_1) - h_e(m_2-m_1)[/tex]
Q = [(0.45524)(2594.5) -(2.1994)(1193.428)-(2792.2)(0.45524-2.1994)]
Q = [ 1181.12018 - 2624.825543 - (2792.2)(-1.74416 )]
Q = 3426.33 kJ
Thus, the amount of heat transferred = 3426.33 kJ
In beams, why is the strain energy from bending moments much bigger than the strain energy from transverse shear forces? Choose one or more of the following options.
a) The stresses due to bending moments is much more than the stresses from transverse shear.
b) The strains due to bending moments is much more than the strains from transverse shear.
c) The deformations due to bending moments is much more than the deformations from transverse shear.
Answer:
a) The stresses due to bending moments is much more than the stresses from transverse shear.
c) The deformations due to bending moments is much more than the deformations from transverse shear.
Explanation:
Strain in an object suspended is a function of the stress which the suspended body passed through. The stress which is the function of the force experienced by the body over a given area helps is straining the moment. This lead to the strain energy from bending moment being greater than the strain energy from a transverse shear force.
Here are the commonly used Baud rate: 2400,4800,9600,19200,38400, 115200, 460800 There is an inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurement sensor that needs to update 98 bytes data (with extra 2 label bytes) every 10 ms (100Hz), what is the minimum requirement of the baud rate? (1 byte = 8 bits) Which of the above listed Baud rate you can choose to use? (please list all of them) .
Answer:
115200 and 460800
Explanation:
which of the above listed Baud rate can you choose from
Given Baud rate : 2400,4800,9600,19200,38400, 115200, 460800
The Total bytes = 98 data bytes + 2 extra label bytes for every 10 ms
= 100 bytes for every 10 ms
hence the data rate per second
= [tex]\frac{100 * 8}{10*10^{-3} }[/tex] = 80000
minimum required Baud rate = 80000
Therefore The Baud rate that can be chosen from are : 115200 and 460800
Which type of forming operation produces a higher quality surface finish, better mechanical properties, and closer dimensional control of the finished piece?A. Hot working.B. Cold working.
Answer:
Option B (Cold working) would be the correct alternative.
Explanation:
Cold working highlights the importance of reinforcing material without any need for heat through modifying its structure or appearance. Metal becomes considered to have been treated in cold whether it is treated economically underneath the material's transition temperature. The bulk of cold operating operations are carried out at room temperature.The other possibility isn't linked to the given scenario. Therefore the alternative above is the right one.
A cylindrical specimen of Aluminium having a diameter of 12.8 mm and gauge length of 50.8 is pulled in tension. Use the data given below to:A) Plot the data as engineering stress versus engineering strain. B) Compute the modulus of elasticity. C) Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002. D) Determine the tensile strength of this alloy.E) What is the approximate ductility, in percent elongation?Load (N) Length0 50.8007330 50.85115100 50.90223100 50.95230400 51.00334400 51.05438400 51.30841300 51.81644800 52.83246200 53.84847300 54.86447500 55.88046100 56.89644800 57.65842600 58.42036400 59.182
Answer:
Hello the needed data given is not properly arranged attached below is the properly arranged data
Answer:
b) 62.5 * 10^3 MPa
c) ≈ 285 MPa
d) 370Mpa
e) 16%
Explanation:
Given Data:
cylindrical aluminum diameter = 12.8 mm
Gauge length = 50.8 mm
A) plot of engineering stress vs engineering strain
attached below
B ) calculate Modulus of elasticity
Modulus of elasticity = Δб / Δ ε
= ( 200 - 0 ) / (0.0032 - 0 ) = 62.5 * 10^3 MPa
C) Determine the yield strength
at strain offset = 0.002
hence yield strength ≈ 285 MPa
D) Determine tensile strength of the alloy
The tensile strength can be approximated at 370Mpa because that is where it corresponds to the maximum stress on the stress vs strain ( complete plot )
E) Determine approximate ductility in percent elongation
ductility in percent elongation = plastic strain at fracture * 100
total strain = 0.165 , plastic strain = 0.16
therefore Ductility in percent elongation = 0.16 * 100 = 16%
In an axial flow compressor air enters the compressor at stagnation conditions of 1 bar and 290 K. Air enters with an absolute velocity of 145 m/s axially into the first stage of the compressor and axial velocity remains constant through the stage. The rotational speed is 5500 rpm and stagnation temperature rise is 22 K. The radius of rotor-blade has a hub to tip ratio of 0.5. The stage work done factor is 0.92, and the isentropic efficiency of the stage is 0.90. Assume for air Cp=1005 kJ/(kg·K) and γ= 1.4
Determine the followings. List your assumptions.
i. The tip radius and corresponding rotor angles at the tip, if the inlet Mach number for the relative velocity at the tip is limited to 0.96.
ii. The mass flow at compressor inlet.
iii. The stagnation pressure ratio of the stage and power required by the first stage.
iv. The rotor angles at the root section.
Answer:
i) r_t = 0.5101 m
ii) m' = 106.73 kg/s
iii) R_s = 1.26
P = 2359.8 kW
iv) β2 = 55.63°
Explanation:
We are given;
Stagnation pressure; T_01 = 290 K
Inlet velocity; C1 = 145 m/s
Cp for air = 1005 kJ/(kg·K)
Mach number; M = 0.96
Ratio of specific heats; γ = 1.4
Stagnation pressure; P_01 = 1 bar
rotational speed; N = 5500 rpm
Work done factor; τ = 0.92
Isentropic effjciency; η = 0.9
Stagnation temperature rise; ΔT_s = 22 K
i) Formula for Stagnation temperature is given as;
T_01 = T1 + C1/(2Cp)
Thus,making T1 the subject, we havw;
T1 = T_01 - C1/(2Cp)
Plugging in the relevant values, we have;
T1 = 290 - (145/(2 × 1005))
T1 = 289.93 K
Formula for the mach number relative to the tip is given by;
M = V1/√(γRT1)
Where V1 is relative velocity at the tip and R is a gas constant with a value of 287 J/Kg.K
Thus;
V1 = M√(γRT1)
V1 = 0.96√(1.4 × 287 × 289.93)
V1 = 0.96 × 341.312
V1 = 327.66 m/s
Now, tip speed is gotten from the velocity triangle in the image attached by the formula;
U_t = √(V1² - C1²)
U_t = √(327.66² - 145²)
U_t = √86336.0756
U_t = 293.83 m/s
Now relationship between tip speed and tip radius is given by;
U_t = (2πN/60)r_t
Where r_t is tip radius.
Thus;
r_t = (60 × U_t)/(2πN)
r_t = (60 × 293.83)/(2π × 5500)
r_t = 0.5101 m
ii) Now mean radius from derivations is; r_m = 1.5h
While relationship between mean radius and tip radius is;
r_m = r_t - h/2
Thus;
1.5h = 0.5101 - 0.5h
1.5h + 0.5h = 0.5101
2h = 0.5101
h = 0.5101/2
h = 0.2551
So, r_m = 1.5 × 0.2551
r_m = 0.3827 m
Formula for the area is;
A = 2πr_m × h
A = 2π × 0.3827 × 0.2551
A = 0.6134 m²
Isentropic relationship between pressure and temperature gives;
P1 = P_01(T1/T_01)^(γ/(γ - 1))
P1 = 1(289.93/290)^(1.4/(1.4 - 1))
P1 = 0.9992 bar = 0.9992 × 10^(5) N/m²
Formula for density is;
ρ1 = P1/(RT1)
ρ1 = 0.9992 × 10^(5)/(287 × 289.93)
ρ1 = 1.2 kg/m³
Mass flow rate at compressor inlet is;
m' = ρ1 × A × C1
m' = 1.2 × 0.6134 × 145
m' = 106.73 kg/s
iii) stagnation pressure ratio is given as;
R_s = (1 + ηΔT_s/T_01)^(γ/(γ - 1))
R_s = (1 + (0.9 × 22/290))^(1.4/(1.4 - 1))
R_s = 1.26
Work is;
W = C_p × ΔT_s
W = 1005 × 22
W = 22110 J/Kg
Power is;
P = W × m'
P = 22110 × 106.73
P = 2359800.3 W
P = 2359.8 kW
iv) We want to find the rotor angle.
now;
Tan β1 = U_t/C1
tan β1 = 293.83/145
tan β1 = 2.0264
β1 = tan^(-1) 2.0264
β1 = 63.73°
Formula for Stagnation pressure rise is given by;
ΔT_s = (τ•U_t•C1/C_p) × tan(β1 - β2)
Plugging in the relevant values;
22 = (0.92 × 293.83 × 145/1005) × (tan 63.73 - tan β2)
(tan 63.73 - tan β2) = 0.5641
2.0264 - 0.5641 = tan β2
tan β2 = 1.4623
β2 = tan^(-1) 1.4623
β2 = 55.63°
A cylindrical bar of metal having a diameter of 19.2 mm and a length of 207 mm is deformed elastically in tension with a force of 52900 N. Given that the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the metal are 61.4 GPa and 0.34, respectively, determine the following:
a. The amount by which this specimen will elongate in the direction of the applied stress.
b. The change in diameter of the specimen. Indicate an increase in diameter with a positive number and a decrease with a negative number.
Answer:
1)ΔL = 0.616 mm
2)Δd = 0.00194 mm
Explanation:
We are given;
Force; F = 52900 N
Initial length; L_o = 207 mm = 0.207 m
Diameter; d_o = 19.2 mm = 0.0192 m
Elastic modulus; E = 61.4 GPa = 61.4 × 10^(9) N/m²
Now, from Hooke's law;
E = σ/ε
Where; σ is stress = force/area = F/A
A = πd²/4 = π × 0.0192²/4
A = 0.00009216π
σ = 52900/0.00009216π
ε = ΔL/L_o
ε = ΔL/0.207
Thus,from E = σ/ε, we have;
61.4 × 10^(9) = (52900/0.00009216π) ÷ (ΔL/0.207)
Making ΔL the subject, we have;
ΔL = (52900 × 0.207)/(61.4 × 10^(9) × 0.00009216π)
ΔL = 0.616 × 10^(-3) m
ΔL = 0.616 mm
B) Poisson's ratio is given as;
υ = ε_x/ε_z
ε_x = Δd/d_o
ε_z = ΔL/L_o
Thus;
υ = (Δd/d_o) ÷ (ΔL/L_o)
Making Δd the subject gives;
Δd = (υ × d_o × ΔL)/L_o
We are given Poisson's ratio to be 0.34.
Thus;
Δd = (0.34 × 19.2 × 0.616)/207
Δd = 0.00194 mm
Given a 12-bit A/D converter operating over a voltage range from ????5 V to 5 V, how much does the input voltage have to change, in general, in order to be detectable
Answer:
2.44 mV
Explanation:
This question has to be one of analog quantization size questions and as such, we use the formula
Q = (V₂ - V₁) / 2^n
Where
n = 12
V₂ = higher voltage, 5 V
V₁ = lower voltage, -5 V
Q = is the change in voltage were looking for
On applying the formula and substitutiting the values we have
Q = (5 - -5) / 2^12
Q = 10 / 4096
Q = 0.00244 V, or we say, 2.44 mV
We put capacitors on our voltage supplies in order to filter out high frequency noise. Which is better. a 10uF capacitor or a 0.1uF capacitor? Why?
Answer:
10uF
Explanation:
A higher value of capacitance is the best option when we are trying to filter power supply outputs in other to reduce hum.
The greater the capacitance or the voltage of a circuit is, the more energy it can the particular circuit can store. When capacitors are being connected in series, the total value of the capacitance reduces but contrarily, the voltage of the same system increases anyway. Connecting circuits in parallel helps to keep the voltage rating the same but on the other hand, it increases the total capacitance.
A 10 μF capacitor is better.
This is because, to filter out high frequency noise, our capacitor is connected in parallel with the voltage supply. This parallel connection causes the capacitance of the circuit to increase but the voltage stays constant.
Since there is an increase in capacitance, this causes the circuit to filter out high frequency noise.
So, a high value capacitance connected in parallel with the voltage source is a better filter for high frequency noise.
So, the 10 μF capacitor is better.
Learn more about capacitors here:
https://brainly.com/question/24927491
A rear wheel drive car has an engine running at 3296 revolutions/minute. It is known that at this engine speed the engine produces 80 hp. The car has an overall gear reduction ratio of 10, a wheel radius of 16 inches, and a 95% drivetrain mechanical efficiency. The weight of the car is 2600 lb, the wheelbase is 95 inches, and the center of gravity is 22 inches above the roadway surface. What is the closest distance the center of gravity can be behind the front axle to have the vehicle achieve its maximum acceleration from rest on good, wet pavement?
Answer:
the closest distance the center of gravity can be behind the front axle to have the vehicle achieve its maximum acceleration from rest on good, wet pavement is 47.8 in
Explanation:
Given that;
Weight of car W = 2600 lb
power = 80 hp = 44000 lb ft/s
Engine rpm = 3296
gear reduction ratio e = 10
drivetrain efficiency n = 95% = 0.95
wheel radius R = 16 in = 1.3333 ft
Length of wheel base L = 95 in =
coefficient of road adhesion u = 0.60
height of center of gravity above pavement h = 22 in
we know that;
Coefficient of rolling resistance frl = 0.01 for good wet pavement
distance of center of gravity behind the front axle lf = ?
Maximum tractive effort (Fmax) = (uW / L) (lf - frl h) / (1 - uh / L)
First we calculate our Fmax to help us find lf
Power = Torque × 2π × Engine rpm / 60 )
44000 = Torque ( 2π×3296 / 60)
Torque = 127.5 lb ft
so
Fmax = Torque × e × n / R
so we substitute in our values
Fmax = 127.5 × 10 × 0.95 / 1.333
Fmax = 908.66 lb
Now we input all our values into the initial formula
(Fmax) = (uW / L) (lf - frl h) / (1 - uh / L)
908.66 = [(0.6×2600/95) (lf - 0.01×22)] / [1 - 0.6×22) / 95]
908.66 = (16.42( lf - 0.22)) / 0.86
781.4476 = (16.42( lf - 0.22))
47.59 = lf - 0.22
lf = 47.59 + 0.22
lf = 47.8 in
Therefore the closest distance the center of gravity can be behind the front axle to have the vehicle achieve its maximum acceleration from rest on good, wet pavement is 47.8 in
The seers were of the opinion that_____ . *
a healthy mind guides a healthy body.
the healthy body needs no exercise.
a healthy mind resides in a healthy body.
the healthy mind resides in every body.
Answer:
✔️a healthy mind resides in a healthy body.
Explanation:
The seers were of the opinion that "a healthy mind resides in a healthy body."
Just like the English translation of a famous quotation from Thales, pre-Socratic Greek philosopher puts it "a sound mind in a sound body"; which tries to demonstrate the close connections that exists in bodily well-being and one's ability to enjoy life.
The seers were actually of the opinion that a healthy mind resides in a healthy body. It implies that there is connection between the body and the mind. When the body catches an illness, the mind and other parts of the body are affected. When our minds are not healthy, it affects the effective functioning of the body.
So, a healthy mind will definitely be found in a healthy body.
✔️a healthy mind resides in a healthy body.
Explanation:
The seers were of the opinion that "a healthy mind resides in a healthy body."
Just like the English translation of a famous quotation from Thales, pre-Socratic Greek philosopher puts it "a sound mind in a sound body"; which tries to demonstrate the close connections that exists in bodily well-being and one's ability to enjoy life.
The seers were actually of the opinion that a healthy mind resides in a healthy body. It implies that there is connection between the body and the mind. When the body catches an illness, the mind and other parts of the body are affected. When our minds are not healthy, it affects the effective functioning of the body.
So, a healthy mind will definitely be found in a healthy body.
What overall material composition would be required to give a material made up of 50wt% mullite and 50wt% alumina at 1400°C?
Answer: overall composition ⇒ 87 wt% { AL₂O₃] + 13% wt { SiO₂}
Explanation:
Given that;
from the phase diagram SiO₂ - Al₂O₃
alumina at 1400°C
mullite + alumina ranges from 74 - 100% wt
so for 50% mullite and 50wt% alumina
we have;
50/100 = 100 - x / 100 - 74
0.5 = 100 - x / 26
0.5 × 26 = 100 - x
13 = 100 - x
x = 100 - 13
x = 87 wt% { AL₂O₃]
[ 100% - 87% = 13%] 13% wt SiO₂
So overall composition ⇒ 87 wt% { AL₂O₃] + 13% wt { SiO₂}
Consider a pan of water being heated (a) by placing it on an electric range and (b) by placing a heating element in the water. Which method is a more efficient way of heating water? Explain.
Answer:
Method B is the more efficient way of heating the water.
Explanation:
Method B is more efficient because by placing a heating element in the water as in described in method B, the heat that is lost to the surroundings is minimized which implies that more heat is supplied directly to the water. Therefore, more heating is achieved with a lesser amount of electrical energy input. Whereas placing the pan on a range means more heat losses to the surrounding and as such it will take a longer time for the water to heat up and also take more electrical energy.
1. An asbestos pad is square in cross section, measuring 5 cm on a side at its small end, increasing linearly to 10 cm on a side at the large end. The pad is 15 cm high. If the small end is held at 600 K and the large end at 300 K, what heat‐flow rate will be obtained if the four sides are insulated?2. Solve Problem for the case of the larger cross section exposed to the higher temperature and the smaller end held at 300 K.
Water leaves a penstock (the flow path through a hydroelectric dam) at a velocity of 100 ft/s. How deep is the water behind the dam (in ft). Neglect friction. [h = 155 ft]
Answer:
155fts
Explanation:
We apply the bernoulli's equation to get the depth of water.
We have the following information
P1 = pressure at top water surface = 0
V1 = velocity at too water surface = 0
X1 = height of water surface = h
Hf = friction loss = 0
P2 = pressure at exit = 0
V2 = velocity at exit if penstock = 100ft/s
X2 = height of penstock = 0
g = acceleration due to gravity = 32.2ft/s²
Applying these values to the equation
0 + 0 + h = 0 + v2²/2g +0 + 0
= h = 100²/2x32.2
= 10000/64.4
= 155.28ft
= 155