Answer:
Metabolic pathways in monarch butterflies are as follows:
GlycolysisKreb's cycleOxidative phosphorylationExplanation:
They convert sugar which they obtain from nectar into fats that they store as source of energy. Monarch have a little layer of fatty tissues which aid in conversion of Sugar in to fat.
They consume the stored fat during reproduction. A lot of fat is eventually converted to eggs and some of it is used to provide energy just to sustain the reproductive butterflies.
During winter season, when their metabolic is low they consume energy by converting stored fat into sugar called Trehalose. The conversion of fat also releases little water which help them to survive during winter.
1) Glycolysis:
Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase enzyme to give glucose-6phosphate. This glucose-6-phosphate enters into glycolysis and is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate in a series of ten reactions. During glycolysis net two molecules of ATP are synthesised per glucose molecule. Moreover, two molecules of NADH+H+ are also synthesised. In aerobic organisms like monarch butterfly the pyruvate is again oxidised to give acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria. The enzyme responsible for this oxidation is Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex. This reaction occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Here one CO2 molecule is removed from the pyruvate and one NADH is produced.
2. Kreb's Cycle:
The acetyl-CoA formed enters into the Kreb's cycle by condensing with oxaloacetate. In Kreb's cycle acetyl-CoA is completely oxidised to give carbon dioxide in eight enzymatic reactions. During Kreb's cycle NADH, FADH2 and one molecule of GTP is produced and oxaloacetate is regenerated to continue the cycle.
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation:
The NADH produced in the glycolysis and Krebs cycle and FADH2 produced during Krebs cycle are now oxidised to generate proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is generated when the electrons from the reduced NADH and FADH2 are transported in the electron transport chain(ETC), and are finally accepted by the oxygen.
When the electrons are picked up by the complexes of the ETC they pick protons from the matrix. When the electrons are transferred to next complex the protons are transferred to the inter-membrane space. In this way a proton gradient is generated across the innner membrane of the mitochondria.
This proton gradient is used by the complex V of the ETC. This complex is the enzyme ATP Synthase. This enzyme complex is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. When the protons flow back from the inter-membrane space into the matrix along the concentration gradient , they move through the channel in the ATP Synthase Complex. When these protons flow through this complex it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to give ATP, the energy currency.
The fructose component of the sucrose is first converted into glycogen and then broken down to give glucose-1-phosphate, which enters into glycolysis.
Sucrose cannot enter the pathway of glycolysis as such. It is first hydrolysed to glucose and fructose as described above along with the path way.
Many scientists claim that the facts support the belief that climate change is really happening. By examining scientific research and evidence, you will better understand issues and cut through the myths. As you read in the unit, it is important to carefully consider evidence because there is a lot of information in the public sphere that looks like science but it is not based on the scientific method. For this activity, you are going to do your own research on global warming and sort out the facts for yourself. Do research online to find evidence about global warming. To find reliable information, be sure that you use reliable websites, such as those from government organizations (.gov) or universities (.edu). You can also look at publications that are reputable, such as Popular Science, Discover, or National Geographic. Find a minimum of three sources that provide evidence about global warming.
Climate change is strong evidence of global warming. The data maintained by the concerned departments shows that as the graph of global warming rose, adverse changes in the climate occurred.
Therefore, an increase in global warming and change in climate is directly related. The increase in the speed of the melting iceberg can be seen as the temperature or global warming has increased.
What are the effects of climate change?Climate is a very important factor in the lives of all living organisms, because it is one of the major factors that determine if a living organism is going to survive or not.
Climate change is said to occur when there are changes in the earth's climate system, which result in the formation of new weather patterns that last for a long time.
Climate change affects living organisms in different ways; while climate change is beneficial to some organisms, it is detrimental to some. For instance, in Europe, climate change (increase in temperature) has been found to have positive effects on some bird populations.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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difference between enzyme and inorganic catalysts
Answer:
Enzymes catalyze a reaction which in presence of a catalyst proceeds the reaction faster. Inorganic catalysts promote a chemical reaction between many different reactants. Enzymes are proteinaceous in nature whereas inorganic catalysts are not proteinaceous in nature.
Explanation:
Which group of elements on the periodic table forms covalent compounds with other nonmetals
Group 1
Group 2
Group 17
Group 18
grp 17
Explanation:
this should be the new periodic table:) grp 1 and 2 belongs to metal. grp 18 belongs to halogen which have full valence electron thus they are inert/ unreactive. thus the ans is grp 17. grp 17 are halogens which are non metals.
Here can you help me on this?
Answer:
Selective breeding
Selective breeding is when u choose 2 organisms with certain desirable characteristics and bread then together
Animals are selectively bread 4 many reasons
- To have a higher yield (meat, milk, eggs)
- Be able to run faster
In an experimental test of the effects of vitamin B12 on problem-solving performance, _____ is the independent variable and _____ is the dependent variable.
Answer:
Vitamin C is the independent variable and problem solving performance is the dependent variable.
Explanation:
The independent variable is the variable that can be manipulated or changed to measure its effect. Vitamin C dosage can be changed for difference individuals to see the effect on their problem solving performance.
Dependent variable is the variable on which the effect of independent variable is measure i.e the effect of vitamins C with different dosage will be known or measured base on problem solving performance of an individual.
Therefore ability to solve problems by individual after the intake of vitamin C means its depends on Vitamin C intake.
NAME all the steps of Photosynthesis. What is Produced in Each Step? What are the Reactants Used in each step? What is the Final Product?
Answer:
1.The light-dependent reactions;
The light-independent reactions, or Calvin Cycle
2.Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
3.In production, a final product, or finished product is a product that is ready for sale. For example, oil is the final product of an oil company. The farmer sells his vegetables as his final product, after they have been through the whole process of growth.
Explanation:
Assume that S. typhi immediately enters the bloodstream from the small intestine. Of the following, which would be the first major organ that bloodborne S. typhi would encounter?
A. Stomach.
B. Pancreas.
C. Large intestine.
D. Liver.
Answer:
D. Liver.
Explanation:
Blood from the small intestine is taken to the liver. For this reason, we can state that if S. typhi enters the bloodstream through the small intestine, the first organ it would affect would be the liver.
The liver receives blood from the small intestine to be able to remove all toxins or useless substances from this blood and regulate how the distribution of nutrients contained in the blood will be to other parts of the body.
Why do scientists consider vestigial structures as an evidence for evolution
Answer:
it so diffcult pls another
Transmission electron microscopes that use high-energy electrons accelerated over a range from 40.0 to 100 kV are employed in many applications including the study of biological samples (like a virus) and nanoscience research and development (alloy particles and carbon nanotubes, for example). What would be the spatial limitation (in pm) for this range of electrons
Answer:
Explanation:
Using the concept of de Broglie wavelength under relativistic conditions to determine the spatial limits for electron range.
de Broglie wave-length [tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{p}[/tex]
where;
h = plank's constant
p = momentum of particle which is expressed as:
[tex]p = \dfrac{\sqrt{k^2+2kmc^2}}{c}[/tex]
replacing the expression for (p) into [tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{p}[/tex], we have:
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{\dfrac{\sqrt{k^2 +2kmc^2}}{c}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{hc}{\sqrt{k^2+2kmc^2}} --- (1)[/tex]
here;
c = velocity of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s
h = 4.13 × 10⁻¹⁵ eV.s
i.e.
hc = (4.13 × 10⁻¹⁵ eV.s)(3 × 10⁸ m/s)
hc = 1240 eV.m
The electron's rest energy (mc²) = 0.511 × 10⁶ eV
For the elctrons;
the minimum accelerated voltage = 40kV
the maximum accelerated voltage = 100 kV
the minimum K.E of the electron K = eΔV
K = e × 40 kV
K = 40 KeV
K = 40 × 10³ eV
From equation (1);
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{hc}{\sqrt{k^2 +2kmc^2}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{(40 \times 10^3 \ eV)^2 +2(40 \times 10^3 \ eV)(0.511 \times 10^6 \ eV})}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{((1600000000) +(80000\times 511000))eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{((1600000000) +(40880000000)eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{(42480000000) \ eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{206106.769 \ eV}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = 0.062 \ nm[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\lambda = 6.20 \ pm}[/tex]
The maximum K.E of the electron K = eΔV
K = e × 10 kV
K = 10 KeV
K = 100 × 10³ eV
From equation (1);
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{hc}{\sqrt{k^2 +2kmc^2}}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{1240 \ eV.nm}{\sqrt{(100 \times 10^3 \ eV)^2 +2(100 \times 10^3 \ eV)(0.511 \times 10^6 \ eV})}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = 0.037 \ nm[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\lambda = 3.70 \ pm}[/tex]
As a result, the spatial limits for the electron's range span from 6.02 pm to 3.70 pm.
Which clastic sedimentary rock is made of the smallest grains?
1) Conglomerate
2) sandstone
3) siltstone
4) shale
Answer:
Shale
Shale has the smallest grain size. Shale is made mostly of clay-sized particles and hardened mud.
Explanation:
thank me later
witch element are involved in creating genetic matirials
Answer:
Carbon, Oxygen, hydrogen , Nitrogen , and phosphorus.
Which two organisms in the chart below are most similar in genetic composition?
A and B
A and D
B and C
C and D
How much of the world's population is infected with the tuberculosis bacterium?
A. 1/10
B. 1/3
C. 1/2
D. 1/5
E. 1/20
Answer:
23% im pretty sure that is the answer if i remember right
Use the Lotka-Volterra competition model to determine whether the two species of Paramecium will coexist or drive each other to extinction in the scenario below. In these examples, N1 = N2, and K1 = K2 = 50.
Scenario 1: Determine the outcome of the competitive interaction between P. caudatum and P. aurelia if K1 = K2 = 50, α = 0.3, and β = 0.6.
Scenario 2: Determine the outcome of the competitive interaction between P. caudatum and P. aurelia if K1 = K2 = 50, α = 1.5, and β = 0.6.
Scenario 3: Determine the outcome of the competitive interaction between P. caudatum and P. aurelia if K1 = K2 = 50, α = 0.9, and β = 1.2.
Answer:they drive each other to extinction
Explanation:
¿ What is speciation ?
1. Suppose you want to design and build a house. How would you communicate your design plans with the construction crew that would work on the house?
2. Cells build large, complicated molecules, such as proteins. What do you think cells use as their "design plans" for proteins?
Answer:
The correct answer is -
1. blueprints.
2. cells use DNA as their design plans
Explanation:
Blueprint is a representative drawing of an engineering plan that helps in understanding how and where the desired to construct on the house. It helps in communicating what work should be done in the house. It helps in visualizing how the end product should be.
In cells, the design plan is DNA that encodes all the information in a specific nitrogenous base sequence in order to produce specific functions and produce all the proteins
What is natural selection and how does it drive the evolution of a virus?
hy plzzzzz helpp fasttttttttttttrrr
Answer:
17. A
18. B (the ability to do work)
19. B
20. A
Which of these is the beat example of a positive feedback loop in earth’s climate system
Answer: B. as climate warms, CO2 increases because plants remove less of it
Explanation:
What are fungus like protists
Answer:
Fungus-like protists are protists that absorb their food from dead organic matter. They are grouped into 2 groups, slime molds and water molds.
I kneed you know what the answer is
Pretty sure its Phagocytosis
Please Fill in the blanks (plato)
Immune responses can be either innate (nonspecific) or adaptive (specific). Suppose a person comes into contact with bacteria that cause a disease that the person has experienced previously. The production of antibodies to fight off the infection is considered an _____ response, while the development of a fever to inhibit bacterial growth is considered an _____ response. (the possible answers to the blanks are "Adaptive" and "Innate")
Answer:
adaptive; innate
Explanation:
The adaptive immune system refers to a specific type of immunity which is found only in vertebrates. Adaptive immunity is defined by the presence of specialized immune cells (i.e., lymphocytes such as T and B cells). The B cells produce molecules known as antibodies which destroy specific pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses) and thus prevent diseases in the future. On the other hand, the innate immune system is the first (and evolutionary more ancient) defense line against pathogenic infections or tissue injury. Innate immunity includes, among others, physical barriers, anatomical barriers, phagocytic enzymes (i.e., lysozymes), phagocytic cells (i.e., macrophages), inflammation, etc. Inflammation is defined as an innate immune response composed of complex biological processes that protect the body by eliminating harmful microorganisms and intracellular danger signals, thereby regulating signaling pathways of many diseases.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIST TO CORRECT ANSWER
Two of the three points of the cell theory are listed below.
• All new cells come from preexisting ones.
• Cells are the basic units of life.
Which of the following is the third point of the cell theory?
O A. All living cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall.
O B. All living things have many cells.
O C. All living cells have a nucleus.
D. All living things are made of at least one cell.
Answer:
All living things have a nucleus.
Explanation:
Answer:
All living things have a nucleus.
Explanation:
Ape-x
what is it called when a seismic wave bends as it passed from liquid to solid
Answer:
Refraction
Explanation:
The bending of seismic waves is called refraction. The fact that S-waves do not travel through the outer core suggests that the latter is liquid.
In which layer of the atmosphere did the Concorde cruise?
Answer:
The Concorde aircraft cruised at Mach 2 at about 19,000 m (62,000 ft), and the SR-71 cruised at Mach 3 at 26,000 m (85,000 ft), all within the stratosphere.
Explanation:
Your Welcome:)
Tiny structures inside of cells such as ribosomes or chloroplasts that have specialized roles are called
Answer:
Organelles
Explanation:
These structures are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are enclosed with a membrane.
what does a greenhouse represent?
Answer:
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.
Why is the action of phagocytes considered a nonspecific response?
It does not occur at any specific temperature.
It is not involved with the production of any specific type of lymphocyte.
It does not respond to any specific type of hormone.
It is not a response to a specific type of pathogen.
I haven't seen any answers here that are correct so I'm sharing this information :)
Answer:
The answer is "Option D".
Explanation:
The action of phagocytes is deemed a quasi answer because it reacts with any particularity on any harmful substance. It is a mechanism where a cell uses its cell membranes to collect any molecules. Macrophages provide the first layer of defense of our system, a non-specific defense mechanism. Your immune response must handle multiple forms of foreign particles, germs, viruses, or harmful proteins. This failure to respond renders the overall response quicker than that of the specific response.
Answer:
It is D. It is not a response to a specific type of pathogen.
Explanation
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True or false: the body is made up of only four systems that all work together.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
There are ten major organ systems in the body, each of which plays a different role in helping the body work.