Answer: 92
Explanation:
equation : x+7=99
here, we need to get x alone so we subtract 7 from both sides
x +7-7 = 99 -7 on the left side of the equation the 7s cancel out
x=92
A red 8-kg ball that is going 3-m/s collides with a 2-kg blue ball that is at rest. The blue
ball then goes 6-m/s. What is the red ball's speed?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given:
m₁ = 8 kg
V₁ = 3 m/s
m₂ = 2kg
V₂ = 0
V₂' = 6 m/s
__________
V₁' - ?
m₁V₁ + m₂V₂ = m₁V₁' + m₂V₂'
8·3 + 2·0 = 8·V₁' + 2·6
24 = 8·V₁' + 12
24 - 12 = 8·V₁'
12 = 8·V₁'
V₁' = 12 / 8 = 1.5 m/s
An object slides down a very smooth ramp,
with negligible friction. It slides with constant
acceleration a under the action of two forces:
the supporting force n exerted by the ramp,
and the force mg due to gravity exerted by
the earth.
What can you say about how the magnitude
of n compares to the magnitude of m g?
1. n is greater than mg.
2. None of these
3. n is less than m g.
4. Their magnitudes are equal, as is almost
always true on the earth's surface.
N is less than mg hence, It slides with constant acceleration a under the action of two forces
The rate at which an item changes its velocity is known as acceleration, a vector variable. If an object's velocity is changing, it is accelerating. A moving object can occasionally alter its velocity by the same amount every second. a moving object that changes its speed by 10 m/s per second. Since the velocity is changing by a fixed amount every second, this is known as a constant acceleration.
It is important to distinguish between an item with a constant acceleration and one with a constant velocity. Be not deceived! An object is accelerating if its velocity is changing, whether by a fixed amount or a variable quantity. Additionally, a moving item with a constant speed is not accelerating.
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What is the definition of electrical power?
OA. The speed with which electrical energy is used
B. The tendency of a material to oppose the flow of electrons
OC. The buildup of electric charge on an object's surface
OD. The movement of electric charge to a position of lower potential
energy
SUBMIT
When there is a power outage, people and companies utilize generators to supply electricity. Since gasoline has the lowest specific heat, it requires the least amount of energy.
What does the term "electrical power" mean?Voltage, or the potential of a charge to produce energy, and current, or the flow of electric charge, are the two main components of electric power. Any ratio of current and voltage values can provide a given amount of power.
Given that it is created by electrical means, electricity qualifies as a power. It can be referred to as "electric power" in that meaning.
What kind of unit is electricity?Watts
Electrical power is measured in Watts and Kilowatts. James Watt, the creator of the steam engine, was honored with the designation Watts, which are units used to measure the power of electricity. One Watt electrical power measured in units of one amp at one volt of pressure.
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A coffeemaker has a resistance of 120 and draws a current of 10 A. What power does it use?
P = I²R = (10 A)² (120 Ω) = 120 000 Watts = 120 kW
kari ann is pulling a bookcase across her bedroom floor. what are three reasons that she might find it hard to accelerate the bookcase? (hint: link to both labs as well as newton's 1st law)
Three reasons why it may be difficult to accelerate the bookcase are;
1) Inertia that acts on the book case
2) Frictional force that prevents the book case from moving
3) The weight of the book case.
Why is there difficulty in moving the suitcase?We know that the Newton law states that a body would tend to remain at a state of rest or uniform motion unless it is acted upon by unbalanced forces. When the book lies without movement it is acted upon by its weight and the reaction which are exactly balanced. The inertia is the reluctance of the book to move.
As the book begins to move when pull, the friction that is acting on the pull would also militate against the forward motion of the book as it acts in the opposite direction.
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A 9.25 kg bowling ball is hung on a 9.5 m long rope. It is then pulled back until the rope makes an angle of 35° with the vertical and released. Find the tension in the rope when the ball is at the lowest point. Give your answer in N and with 3 significant figures.
Answer:
123.6 N
Explanation:
I will try to answer this
Find height of the ball
9. 5 - 9.5 cos 35 = 1.72 m of potential energy
PE = mgh will be converted to KE at the bottom of the swing
mgh = 1/2 m v^2
sqrt( 2 gh ) = v at the bottom = 5.81 m/s
then the tension is the mass times the acceleration of gravity PLUS the acceleration of circular motion v^2 / r
F = ma
F = 9.25 kg ( 9.81 m/s^2 + 5.81^2 / 9.5 m/s^2 ) = tension = 123.6 N
(Let me know if this is incorrect, and I will research a bit more)
A space station in deep space is spun like a giant
wheel to produce centrifugal force so the occupants
experience artificial gravity of one g. How does a
clock at the rim of the space station compare with
one residing at the hub? What does this say about
the behavior of a clock sitting on the surface of a
planet with a surface gravity of one g?
The behavior of a clock sitting on the surface of a planet with a surface gravity of one g says that rim clock always runs slower
Gravity is the principal force acting on a body in projectile motion when it is hurled at a specific angle. The power with which the body is originally thrown determines maximum height and how far it will travel. When an object moves in a projectile motion, there are numerous instances in daily life. For instance, a basketball player will obliquely toss the ball at a specific angle towards the direction of the hoop. The ball then rises and descends like a missile in the direction of the basket. Other sports like cricket, football, and soccer may demonstrate this.
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a block of mass m=9.0kg and speed V and is behind a block of mass M=27 kg and speed of 0.50m/s, as shown in the figure. the surface is fricitonless, and the blocks suddenly collide and couple. after the collision, the blocks have a common speed of 0.90 m/s. how much kinetic energy of the blocks is lost due to the collision?
The kinetic energy of the blocks that is lost due to the collision is 8.64 J.
What is the initial speed of the smaller block?The initial speed of the smaller block is calculated by applying the following equation.
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = v(m₁ + m₂)
where;
m is the mass of the blocksu is the initial velocity of the blocksv is the common velocity of the blocks after the collision9u₁ + 27(0.5) = 0.9(9 + 27)
9u₁ + 13.5 = 32.4
9u₁ = 18.9
u₁ = 18.9/9
u₁ = 2.1 m/s
The total initial kinetic energy of the blocks is calculated as follows;
K.Ei = ¹/₂m₁u₁² + ¹/₂m₂u₂²
K.Ei = ¹/₂(9)(2.1)² + ¹/₂(27)(0.5)²
K.Ei = 23.22 J
The final kinetic energy of the blocks is calculated as follows;
K.Ef = ¹/₂(m₁ + m₂)v²
K.Ef = ¹/₂(9 + 27) x (0.9)²
K.Ef = 14.58 J
The change in the kinetic energy of the block is calculated as;
ΔK.E = K.Ef - K.Ei
ΔK.E = 14.58 J - 23.22 J
ΔK.E = -8.64 J
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Someone help ASAP please (right answers only)
Cuban tree frogs are skilled jumpers. They can launch themselves at 4.5 meters per second at an angle of 25° above horizontal. Assuming the frog is jumping on level ground, how far will the frog travel in a single jump, what is the frog’s hang time in the air during a single jump, and what is the maximum height above the ground that the frog will achieve?
The maximum height reached by the frog is 0.185 m.
What is the maximum height reached by frog?
The maximum height reached by the frog is calculated by applying the following kinematic equation.
H = u² sin²θ / 2g
where;
u is the initial velocity 4.5 m/sθ is the angle of projectiong is acceleration due to gravityH = (4.5² x (sin 25)²) / (2 x 9.8)
H = 0.185 m
Thus, the maximum height reached by the frog depends on the initial velocity and angle of the frog's projection.
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a hoop with radius r, mass m and moment of inertia mr^2 rolls along a surface without slipping, at a constant velocity v. What is the angular momentum of the hoop about its center of mass?
mvr³ is the angular momentum of the hoop about its center of mass
L=mvr=Iω
L= angular momentum
m= mass
v=velocity
r= radius
L=mvr
L=mr²×r×v
L=mvr³
A characteristic known as angular momentum describes the rotating inertia of an item or set of objects when they are moving along an axis that may or may not pass through them. The Earth possesses spin angular momentum from its daily rotation around its axis and orbital angular momentum from its yearly revolution around the Sun. Since angular momentum is a vector quantity, its full representation calls for the identification of both a magnitude and a direction. An object in orbit has an angular momentum that is proportional to its linear momentum times the perpendicular distance r from the center of rotation to a line drawn through the center of gravity of the object, or just mvr.
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Given: g=10 m/s^2
A car moves a distance of 80 m during
a time interval of 10 s. The average
speed v_avg of this car is:
2 m/s
6 m/s
O 10 m/s
O 8 m/s
O 4 m/s
During a 10-second period, a car travels 80 meters. This car typically travels at a speed of 8 m/s.
An illustration of average velocity.For instance, if it takes a person 40 minutes to travel 20 miles north, 20 miles south, and finally 20 miles in between, their average speed is 40 miles divided by 40 minutes, or 1 mile per minute. Instead of distance, average velocity takes into account total displacement.
How is average velocity calculated?The total displacement must be divided by the total time elapsed in order to determine the average velocity.
average velocity= total displacement/ total time
avg velocity=80/10=8m/s
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You are gathering data about factor Y and factor X. A graph of your results in a straight line. What does this tell you about the relationship between y and x? What would the slope of this line represent? Explain your answers in terms of y and x
Explanation:
a straight line graph shows a linear relationship between and x and y, where if gradient is positive then it's a positive linear relationship (where when factor increases the other would also increase). if the the gradient is negative then it's a negative linear relationship where when factor decreases the other would also decrease.
the slope of the line is the gradient which can be determined using the equation,
gradient = y difference ÷ x difference
respective to which factor is presented by each axis.
hope it helps. :)
Why do some organisms make one type of protein for a feature while other organisms make two? Use the above words in your response.
Answer:
Genes provide instructions for making proteins but they do not build the proteins themselves. Why do some organisms make one type of protein for a feature and others make two? An organism has two copies of a gene for each feature; these can be the same version or different.
Explanation:
Determine the distance that a car recovers after 5 seconds if it travels at a speed of 10m/s.
We first apply the data to the problem.
Data:
V = 10m/sT = 5sD = ?Then, we apply the formula that is.
Formula:
D = V • TFinally we develop the problem.
Developing:
D = (10m/s) • (5s)D = 50mThe car travels a distance of 50 meters.
An 75-kilogram skier slides on waxed skis along a horizontal surface of snow at constant velocity while pushing with his poles. What is the horizontal component of the force pushing him forward? (1) 0.05 N (2) 40 N (3) 37 N (4) 4 N
[Use: Ff = µ Fn; remember Fn = Fg = mg]
The horizontal component of the force pushing him forward is 37 N.
What is force?A force is an effect that can alter an object's motion according to physics. An object with mass can change its velocity, or accelerate, as a result of a force. An obvious way to describe force is as a push or a pull. A force is a vector quantity since it has both magnitude and direction.
Frictional force due to ice, F = μN
Normal force N = mg = 75*9.8 = 735 N
Frictional force = 0.05*735 = 36.75 N
Coefficient of friction, μ for ice is 0.05
The horizontal component of the force pushing him forward is 37 N.
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3. An object released from rest at time t = 0 slides down a frictionless incline a
distance of 1 m during the first second. The distance traveled by the object
during the time interval from t = 2 s to t = 3 s is:
(A) 1 m
(B) 2 m (C) 3 m
(D) 4 m (E) 5 m
The distance traveled by the object during the time interval from t = 2 s to t = 3s is 3m. Option C.
From the formula d = ½ at2 the displacement is proportional to the square of time. If you run twice as far from the rest, the displacement will quadruple (or 4m). Since the object has already moved 1 m in the first second, the remaining 3 m have moved in time intervals from 1 to 2 seconds.
This means that the velocity and net force in the direction normal to the plane must be zero. Assuming the plane is frictionless means that the plane exerts no force on the block parallel to the surface. For angular frictionless tilt, the acceleration is the result of the gravitational acceleration multiplied by the sine of the angle.
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A horizontal pipe 10.0 cm in diameter has a smooth reduction to a pipe 5.00 cm in diameter. If the pressure of the water in the larger pipe is 8.00 104 Pa and the pressure in the smaller pipe is 6.00 104 Pa, at what rate does water flow through the pipe?
The volume flow rate at which the water flows is 0.0188 m³/s
How to find what rate does water flow through the pipe?Since the horizontal pipe 10.0 cm in diameter has a smooth reduction to a pipe 5.00 cm in diameter and If the pressure of the water in the larger pipe is 8.00 × 10⁴ Pa and the pressure in the smaller pipe is 6.00 × 10⁴ Pa, since we require the rate at which water flows through the pipe, we use Bernoulli's equation at constant height to find the speed of flow.
What is Bernoulli's equation?Bernoulli's equation governs flows through pipes. It is given by
P₁ + ρgh₁ + 1/2ρv₁² = P₂ + ρgh₂ + 1/2ρv₂² where
P₁ = pressure at point 1, h₁ = height at point 1, v₁ = speed at point 1, P₂ = pressure at point 2, h₂ = height at point 2, and v₂ = speed at point 2With h₁ = h₂, the Bernoulli's equation becomes
P₁ + 1/2ρv₁² = P₂ + 1/2ρv₂²
Using the volume flow rate equation
Q = A₁v₁ = A₂v₂ where
A₁ = cross- sectional area at point 1 = πd₁²/4 where d₁ = diameter at point 1v₁ = speed at point 1, A₂ = cross- sectional area at point 2 and d₂ = diameter at point 1 = πd₂²/4v₂ = speed at point 2So, A₁v₁ = A₂v₂
(πd₁²/4)v₁ = (πd₂²/4)v₂
d₁²v₁ = d₂²v₂
Making v₂ subject of the formula, we have
v₂ = d₁²v₁/d₂²
v₂ = (d₁/d₂)²v₁
Substituting v₂ into the Bernoulli equation, we have
P₁ + 1/2ρv₁² = P₂ + 1/2ρv₂²
P₁ + 1/2ρv₁² = P₂ + 1/2ρ(d₁/d₂)⁴v₁²
Making v₁ subject of the formula, we have
1/2ρv₁² - 1/2ρ(d₁/d₂)⁴v₁² = P₂ - P₁
1/2ρ[1 - (d₁/d₂)⁴]v₁² = P₂ - P₁
v₁² = √{2(P₂ - P₁)/ρ[1 - (d₁/d₂)⁴]}
Given that
P₁ = pressure in larger pipe = 8.00 × 10⁴ Pa d₁ = diameter of larger pipe = 10.0 cmP₂ = pressure in smaller pipe = 6.00 × 10⁴ Pa d₂ = diameter of smaller pipe = 5.00 cmρ = density of water = 1000 kg/m³Substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have
v₁ = √{2(P₂ - P₁)/ρ[1 - (d₁/d₂)⁴]}
v₁ = √{2(6.00 × 10⁴ Pa - 8.00 × 10⁴ Pa)/1000 kg/m³[1 - (10.0 cm/5.0 cm)⁴]}
v₁ = √{2(- 2.00 × 10⁴ Pa)/1000 kg/m³[1 - 2⁴]}
v₁ = √{(- 4.00 × 10⁴ Pa)/1000 kg/m³[1 - 8]}
v₁ = √{(- 4.00 × 10⁴ Pa)/1000 kg/m³[-7]}
v₁ = √{(40.0 × 10³ Pa)/7 × 10³ kg/m³}
v₁ = √{(40.0/7 Pam³/kg}
v₁ = √{5.7143 Pam³/kg}
v₁ = 2.39 m/s
Since the volume flow rate Q = A₁v₁ = (πd₁²/4)v₁
Given that
d₁ = diameter of larger pipe = 10.0 cm = 0.1 m and v₁ = speed in larger pipe = 2.39 m/sSubstituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have
Q = (πd₁²/4)v₁
Q = π(0.1 m)²/4 × 2.39 m/s
Q = π × 0.01 m²/4 × 2.39 m/s
Q = π × 0.0239 m³/s/4
Q = 0.0751 m³/s ÷ 4
Q = 0.0188 m³/s
So, the water flows at a rate of 0.0188 m³/s
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You observe an X-ray source to vary on a timescale
of 0.001 seconds. What is the upper limit for the
size of the X-ray emitting region? What is the mass
of a black hole with a Schwarzschild radius of this
size?
Anatomy and physiology can be classified as ____ science
A. behavioral
B. life
C. physical
D. formal
B is your answer, hope it helps.
according to the color code, the number of pairs of conductors in a cable that can be defined without repeating a color combination is?
According to the color code, the number of pairs of conductors in a cable that can be defined without repeating a color combination is 25 pairs
To identify individual conductors in a telecommunications twisted pair cable the 25-pair color code is used. These colors are marked on the conductor's insulation. The primary colors are white, red, black, yellow, and violet. The secondary colors are blue, orange, green, brown, and slate.
The primary color is called a tip which is positive and the secondary color is called a ring which is negative. In the pair, only one color from each group should be used. So the possible combinations are 25 pairs.
Therefore, according to the color code, the number of pairs of conductors in a cable that can be defined without repeating a color combination is 25 pairs
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Which process is likely to happen more quickly: the physical weathering of rock by plant roots or the physical weathering of rock by the repeated thawing of water? Explain your answer
The physical weathering of rock by the repeated thawing of water is likely to happen more quickly than the physical weathering of rock by plant roots.
How does repeated thawing of water causes the rock to weather?
First, the physical weathering of rock is usually caused by water (which can come from rain or erosion), ice, plant roots, and even animals. These agents ensure the rock is broken down into smaller particles or sizes.
So, the thawing of water ensures continuous freezing and melting of water which allows water in the form of ice to build up in the cracks of rocks after expanding on freezing. This makes the rock breaks apart due to the pressure that is built in the crack.
However, physical weathering from the root of plants is slower compared to that of the repeated thawing of water. Though both processes needed time, but it will take more time for the roots in a crack. For the plant roots to get cracks to grow into, it needs repeated thawing of water to create that crack or other agents of rock weathering to create the crack.
In summary, repeated thawing of water makes rocks more susceptible to chemical and biological weathering. The weathering of rock by plant roots will need the plant to grow and survive in the first place, which might take more time.
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A car of mass 1500kg travelling at a velocity of 10 m/s crashes into the back of a moving car of mass 1500kg travelling at a velocity of 5 m/s. The vehicles move together after the impact Calculate their velocity?
Answer:
M1 V1 + M2 V2 = (M1 + M2) V
Conservation of momentum where V is speed of combined vehicles
V = (1500 * 10 + 1500 * 5) / (1500 + 1500) = 7.5 m/s
If you are given a measurement in scientific notation, how would you convert that into long form?
Calculate how much gravitational potential energy is gained if you climb a flight of stairs
Assume that you have a mass of 52 kg and that the
height you lift yourself is 2.5m.
The gravitational potential energy gained by the body of mass 52 kg when climbing a stairs is 1274 J.
What is gravitational potential energy?Gravitational potential energy is the energy of a body due to its position in the gravitational field.
To calculate the gravitational potential energy, we use the formula below.
Formula:
P.E = mgh............... Equation 1Where:
m = MassP.E = Potential energyh = Heightg = Acceleration due to gravity.From the question,
Given:
m = 52 kgh = 2.5 mg = 9.8 m/s²Substitute these values into equation 1
P.E = 52×2.5×9.8P.E = 1274 JHence, the gravitational potential energy of the body is 1274 J.
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A point mass of 0.5 kg moving with a constant speed of 5m/s on an elliptical track experiecnces an outward force oof 10N when at either endpoint of the major axis and a a=similar force of 1.25N at each end of thr minor sxis.How long are the axes of the ellipse?
The length of the axes of the eclipse are 1.25cm and 10cm.
How are the length of the eclipse found?With the formula, F = (mv²)/r
where F = force
m = mass
v = velocity and
r = diameter/length
To find how long the axes of the eclipse are at an outward force of 10N and a similar force of 1.25N:
For F₁ = 10N
10 = (0.5 x 5²)/r
10 = 12.5/r, cross multiply
r = 12.5/10 = 1.25cm
For F₂ = 1.25N
1.25 = (0.5 x 5²)/r
1.25 = 12.5/r, cross multiply
r = 12.5/1.25 = 10cm
The lengths of the eclipse are found by dividing the product of the mass and velocity by the first and second forces to get 1.25cm and 10cm
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Human blood flows from the aorta to the capillaries. A girl has an aorta radius of 12.6 mm. Assume she has 7 billion capillaries in the body, the capillaries radius average 4 µm (micrometer), and the blood speed average 0.5 mm/s in the capillaries. The blood speed is _____ mm/s in the aorta.
The radius of the aorta is 10 mm. (a) Blood also circulates through capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels. if the aorta's blood flow rate is 5.0 L/min.
Where does the aorta's blood flow?Your heart receives blood from your coronary arteries. These arteries diverge from the aorta to supply your heart and the rest of your body with oxygen-rich blood.
How does blood get from the aorta to the capillaries?Freshly oxygenated blood transfers oxygen from the blood toward the tissues and carbon dioxide moves from the tissues back toward the blood when it enters the capillaries of the tissues. This process of blood and tissue and organ cell gas exchange is referred to as "internal breathing."
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Using the given data table, calculate the acceleration of the skateboarder. You can use either form of the
equation:
The acceleration of skateboard on road A will be 7.74 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]
The acceleration of skateboard on road B will be 3.87 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]
The acceleration of skateboard on road C will be 9.68 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]
force = mass * acceleration
mass1 = 62 kg
force1 = 480 N
acceleration1 = force / mass
= 480 / 62 = 7.74 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]
mass2 = 62 kg
force2 = 240 N
acceleration 2 = 240 / 62 = 3.87 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]
mass 3 = 62 kg
force 3 = 600 N
acceleration 3 = 600 / 62 = 9.68 [tex]m/s^{2}[/tex]
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Which has more kinetic energy, a car of mass 500 kg traveling at 15 m/s or a motorcycle of mass 250 kg traveling at 30 m/s?
The motorcycle of mass 250 kg traveling at 30 m/s has more kinetic energy than a mass of 500 kg traveling at 15 m/s.
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal (nonrelativistically) to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.
The kinetic energy of a body can be calculated using the following formula:
K.E = ½mv²
Where;
m = mass of the objectv = velocityAccording to this question, two masses of 500kg and 250kg are traveling at speeds of 15m/s and 30m/s respectively.
K.E = ½ × 500 × 15² = 56250J
K.E = ½ × 250 × 30² = 112,500J
This shows that 112,500J, which is the motorcycle with mass of 250kg traveling at 30m/s is the highest.
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A battery-powered lawn mower has a mass of 36.0 kg. If the net external force on the lawn mower, including both your push and any resistance, is 41.5 N, then what is the magnitude of the mower’s acceleration?
The magnitude of the mower's acceleration of mass 36 kg is 1.15 m/s².
What is acceleration?Acceleration can be defined as the ratio of the change in velocity to the time of a body.
To calculate the magnitude of the mower's acceleration, we use the formula below.
Formula:
a = F/m................. Equation 1Where:
a = AccelerationF = Forcem = Mass of mowerFrom the question,
Given:
m = 36 kg41.5 NSubstitute these values into equation 1
a = 41.5/36a = 1.15 m/s²Hence, the acceleration of the mower is 1.15 m/s².
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What are some ways to change the resistance in a circuit?
Suppose you have an electrical device that needs a steady current of
10 milliamperes. You need to greatly increase the length of the wire
between the battery pack and the appliance. What changes will you
need to make in your circuit to keep a steady current?
Suppose you are designing a toaster, a device that requires several hot,
glowing wires to do its job. You want to use as little voltage as possible.
Describe the characteristics of the "toasting" wires.
Attachments
Some ways to change the resistance in a circuit.resistance can be changed in the circuit by changing the length of the wire, area of the wire, resistivity of the wire.
WHAT IS STEADY CURRENT?steady current means a continuous flow that has been going on forever, without change and without charge piling up anywhere.
A system (e.g. circuit) is in the steady state when the current at each point in the circuit is constant (does not change with time). –In many practical circuits, the steady state is achieved in a short time.
steady current can be produced in the circuit in which resistance is changing by varying the voltage. by increasing or decreasing the voltage we can maintain a constant or steady current in a circuit which has varying resistance.
charecteristics of toasting wires:
it is made up of nichrome wiresnichrome is an alloy made up of nickel and chromiumit is resistant to oxidationit is resistant to alkali and chemicals it is resistant to heatThe most common way for a toaster to create the infrared radiation is to use nichrome wire wrapped back and forth across a mica sheet, Nichrome wire is an alloy of nickel and chromium. It has two features that make it a good producer of heatNichrome wire has a fairly high electrical resistance compared to something like copper wire, so even a short length of it has enough resistance to get quite hot.The nichrome alloy does not oxidize when heated. Iron wire would rust very quickly at the temperatures seen in a toaster.
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