how does temperature differ from thermal energy​

Answer:

To be lab-prepared one must follow these procedures-

1. One should have knowledge of lab assignments to make the lab experiment easier.

2. To be aware of safety equipment and its uses in the lab, like- the location of a fire extinguisher in the lab.

3. To know the steps of experiments to be performed

4. To fill the notebook of the lab with information regarding the experiment

5. One should review the data sheets of chemical material safety.

6. put on all the necessary dressings to perform the experiment.

7. To have a complete understanding of the experiment disposals.

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

We can see that for every 1 mol of propane, there are 5 mols are oxygen.

If we have 5 grams of propane, how can we convert that into mols? We need to use the molar mass of propane, which is 44.1 g / mol. (12 g/mol x 3 + 1 g/mol x 8)

To convert to mols of propane: n (mols) = mass/molar mass -> 5/44.1 which equals 0.011 mols.

We said that for every 1 mol of propane, there are 5 mols of oxygen, correct? Therefore, 0.011 mols x 5 = 0.57 mols of oxygen needed to react with 5 grams of propane.

To convert 0.055 mols of oxygen to grams, we use the same equation. n = Mass/Molar Mass

0.57 = g/32, solve for the mass in grams of oxygen and we come to: 18.2 grams of Oxygen.

Answer:

There are three major classifications of substances known as acids or bases. The Arrhenius definition states that an acid produces H+ in solution and a base produces OH-. This theory was developed by Svante Arrhenius in 1883. Later, two more sophisticated and general theories were proposed. These are the Brønsted-Lowry and the Lewis definitions of acids and bases. The Lewis theory is discussed elsewhere.

The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases

In 1884, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius proposed two specific classifications of compounds; acids and bases. When dissolved in an aqueous solution, certain ions were released into the solution. An Arrhenius acid is a compound that increases the concentration of H+ ions that are present when added to water. These H+ ions form the hydronium ion (H3O+) when they combine with water molecules. This process is represented in a chemical equation by adding H2O to the reactants side.

HCl(aq)→H+(aq)+Cl−(aq)(1)

In this reaction, hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) dissociates completely into hydrogen (H+) and chlorine (Cl-) ions when dissolved in water, thereby releasing H+ ions into solution. Formation of the hydronium ion equation:

HCl(aq)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Cl−(aq)(2)

The Arrhenius theory, which is the simplest and least general description of acids and bases, includes acids such as HClO4 and HBr and bases such as NaOH or Mg(OH)2 . For example the complete dissociation of HBr gas into water results generates free H3O+ ions.

HBr(g)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Br−(aq)(3)

This theory successfully describes how acids and bases react with each other to make water and salts. However, it does not explain why some substances that do not contain hydroxide ions, such as F− and NO−2 , can make basic solutions in water. The Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases addresses this problem.

An Arrhenius base is a compound that increases the concentration of OH- ions that are present when added to water. The dissociation is represented by the following equation:

NaOH(aq)→Na+(aq)+OH−(aq)(4)

In this reaction, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) disassociates into sodium (Na+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water, thereby releasing OH- ions into solution.

Granite has a specific heat of 800 J/g °C. the mass of granite is needed to store 150200 J from 30  °C to 75  °C is 4.17 g.

Given that :

specific heat of granite ( c ) = 800 J/g  °C.

Q store = 150,200 J

temperature T1 = 30  °C.

temperature T2 = 75  °C.

now, Q = mc (T2-T1 )

        150200 J = m × 800 J/g  °C ( 75  °C - 30  °C )

         m  =   150200 J/ 800 J/g  × 45

         m  =   150200 g / 36000

         m  =  4.17 g

Thus, Granite has a specific heat of 800 J/g °C. the mass of granite is needed to store 150200 J from 30  °C to 75  °C is 4.17 g.

To learn more about specific heat here

https://brainly.com/question/17403728

#SPJ1

A bond between two atoms whose electronegativity values differ anywhere from 0.5 and 2.0 is called a polar covalent bond, whereas a bond between atoms whose electronegativities differ by 2.0 or more is considered an ionic nonpolar bond.

A covalent bond in which the atoms always have an unequal attraction for electrons which results in the unequal sharing of electron is a polar covalent bond.

If the difference in electronegativity is more than 1.7 or 2.0, ionic nonpolar bonds are formed as the ionic bonds are formed by the electron donation from the atom which is less electronegative to the atom which is more electronegative.

Electrons are shared in ionic and covalent bonds but differently.  Non-polar or polar covalent bonds can be formed and they can react to electrostatic charges.

Ionic bonds are formed due to electrostatic force between negative and positively charged ions, thus, electronegativity is more than 2.0.

To learn more about bonds,

brainly.com/question/15207647

#SPJ1

Matter exists in different states such as solid, liquid and gas because of the kinetic energy of its particles and the intermolecular force of attraction between the particles.

A substance won't condense into a liquid or solid if the average kinetic energy is higher than the attraction forces holding the particles together.

Thus in solids, intermolecular force of attraction > kinetic energy of particles.

In a liquid (or solid), the average kinetic energy of the particles is low enough to allow the forces of attraction to hold the particles together. In a liquid (or solid), molecules do not separate.

In liquids,  intermolecular force of attraction > kinetic energy of particles. But this force of attraction is smaller than solids.

The forces of attraction between the particles in a gas can be overcome by the average kinetic energy of the particles in the gas. When gas molecules collide, they spread apart.

In gas, intermolecular force of attraction < kinetic energy of particles.

To know more about states of matter visit the link:

https://brainly.com/question/9402776?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ1

(a) Water has a specific heat of 4190J/kgK while aluminum has a specific heat of 900J/kgK.

Therefore,

[tex]T_{f}[/tex]= (0.200kg)(900J/kg⋅K)+(0.0500kg)(4190J/kg⋅K) / (0.200kg)(900J/kg⋅K)(100°C)+(0.0500kg)(4190J/kg⋅K)(20°C)

= 57°C = 330K

(b) The following temperatures must now be stated in Kelvins: [tex]T_{ai}[/tex] = 393, [tex]T_{wi}[/tex] = 293

[tex]T_{f}[/tex] =330K dQ=[tex]m_{a}[/tex][tex]c_{a}[/tex] dT for aluminum, and the entropy change is

= Δ[tex]S_{a}[/tex] = ∫[tex]\frac{dQ}{T}[/tex] = [tex]m_{a}[/tex][tex]c_{a}[/tex] ∫(from [tex]T_{f}[/tex] to tai) [tex]\frac{dT}{T}[/tex] = [tex]m_{a}[/tex][tex]c_{a}[/tex] ln [tex]T_{f}[/tex]/ Tai

= (0.200kg)(900J/kg.K) ln (330K/373K)

= -22.1 J/K

(c) For water, the entropy change is

Δ[tex]S_{w}[/tex] = ∫[tex]\frac{dQ}{T}[/tex] = [tex]m_{w}[/tex][tex]c_{w}[/tex] ∫(from [tex]T_{f}[/tex] to tw1)[tex]\frac{dT}{T}[/tex] = [tex]m_{w}[/tex][tex]c_{w}[/tex] ln [tex]T_{f}[/tex]/ Twi

= (0.0500kg)(4190J/kg.K) ln(330K/373K)

= + 24.9J/K

(d) The change in the aluminum-water system's overall entropy is

ΔS=ΔSa+ΔSw =−22.1J/K+24.9J/K = +2.8J/K

To learn more about aluminium-water system visit:

https://brainly.com/question/9263700

#SPJ9

There are two ways to make 1 liter of 0.125 molars of sulfuric acid. We will perform both calculations to show that only one of the two methods is correct.

Method A and Method B. Dilute the 20.8 mil guide in a 6.00 bowler and add H two s. 4:4 to 1.00 L. Let's see if that's correct. Use milliliters. Sometimes the similarity equals the middle leader sometimes the similarity equals her 20.8 million leaders multiplied by 6.00 Mueller equals 1000 ml times X, the resolution of X.

Get a calculator. 20.8 times 6 divided by 1, 1000 is 1.2 0.124 8 pitchers equals 0.125 moles. It looks pretty good. It seems like that's what we wanted to do. Method B assumes there are 9,500 hoops. 9.50 times 10 2 ml H2O 2 50 ml 3.00 molar sulfuric acid.0.0500 guide x 3.00 wolves per liter equals 0.1 50 moles. Then take 0.150 moles. Divide this by the total volume of 0.950L plus 0.050L. This was the leader .150 bowler which was undesirable. So this is a way to show that only one is correct.

Learn more about Sulfuric acid here:-https://brainly.com/question/4018599

#SPJ1

The acid dissociation constant for butyric acid is 0.0000145, pH value of its 0.075 M solution will be 2.98, and the pH value of 0.075 M solution of sodium butyrate will be 8.86.

a) The negative logarithmic values of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) for the acid and the base dissociation constant for the conjugate base (Kb) are always 14 in total:

pKa (acid) + pKb (conjugate base) = 14 ⇒ pKa = 14 - pKb

pKa = 14 - 9.16

pKa = 4.84

This means that the Ka for butyric acid is:

[tex]K_{a} = 10^{-4.84} = 1.45 * 10^{-5}[/tex]

b) The expression for butyric acid (HA) acid dissociation constant will look like this:

[tex]K_{a} = \frac{[H^{+} ][A^{-} ]}{[HA]} = \frac{X^{2} }{0.0075 - X}[/tex]

When transformed, this expression gives us a quadratic equation:

X² + Ka * X - 0.075 * Ka = 0

With familiar Ka, when we solve for X, we get:

X = 0.0010356 M = [H+]

We can use this to calculate the pH value of the solution:

pH = -log[H+]

pH = -log0.0010356

pH = 2.98

c) The expression for butyrate basicity will look like this:

[tex]K_{b} = \frac{[OH^{-} ][HA ]}{[A^{-} ]} = \frac{X^{2} }{0.0075 - X}[/tex]

When transformed, this expression gives a quadratic equation:

X² + Kb * X - 0.075 * Kb = 0

With familiar Ka, when we solve for X, we get:

X = 0.0000072 M = [OH-]

pOH = -log[OH-]

pOH = -log0.0000072

pOH = 5.14

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 - 5.14

pH = 8.86

You can learn more about the acid dissociation constant here:
brainly.com/question/4363472

#SPJ4

The number of moles of a nitrogen atom in  8.92 mol of  Ba(NO₃)₂ is 17.8 moles of the Nitrogen atom.

The mole, image mol, is the unit of quantity of substance in the worldwide gadget of gadgets. the amount quantity of the substance is a measure of what number of primary entities of a given substance in an object or sample. The mole is described as containing precisely 6.02214076×10²³ essential entities.

The wide variety of basic entities in one mole is referred to as the Avogadro quantity. This definition supersedes the previous definition of a mole as the variety of elementary entities identical to that of 12 grams of carbon-12, the maximum commonplace isotope of carbon.

1 mole = 6.022×10²³ molecules

8.92 mol Ba(NO3)2 =  8.92  × 6.022×10²³ molecules

                                  = 53.72 ×10²³

                                  =  5.372 ×10²⁴ molecule

1 molecule of Ba(NO₃)₂ contain

1 atom of Ba

2 atoms of N

8 atoms of O

5.372 ×10²⁴ molecule = 2 × 5.372 ×10²⁴ atom of nitrogen

                           = 1.07 ×10²⁵ atom of Nitrogen. ( three significant figures)

moles of nitrogen atom =  1.07 ×10²⁵ atom of Nitrogen /6.022×10²³

                                        = 17.8 moles of the Nitrogen atom.

Learn more about moles here:-https://brainly.com/question/15356425

#SPJ1

For stereocenter carbons, the proper abbreviations are (S) for the organic substrate and (P) for the organic product (R).

This is further explained below.

Generally, The reaction's substrate is denoted as S, and its output as R. because of it. The mechanism of the SN2 reaction may be stated succinctly as follows: This nucleophilic substitution procedure only needs one step.

The reaction is known as the SN2 reaction because two reactants are involved in the step that establishes the rate.

In the mechanism of the reaction, the nucleophile attacks the electrophile, leading to a transition phase in which the electrophile's alkyl group departs and the nucleophile forms a new bond with the still-present substrate.

Read more about nucleophile

https://brainly.com/question/28325919

#SPJ1

Answer:

actually it depends on when and on what you had the finger print it could stay a couple of days, weeks or months and still be considered fresh

Since the samples are all at room temperature, the substance which is most likely the most dense is: D. silver.

Density can be defined as a ratio of mass to the volume of a physical substance such as chlorine, oxygen, bromine, silver, etc.

Mathematically, the density of a physical substance can be calculated by using this formula:

D = M/V

Where:

At room temperature, the density of the given physical substances in an ascending order are as follows:

In this context, we can reasonably and logically deduce that silver is the most dense among the given physical substances.

Read more on density here: https://brainly.com/question/18008144

#SPJ1

Answer:

neutrons : It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67492749804 × 10−27 kg

electrons : It carries a negative charge of 1.602176634 × 10−19 coulomb

protons : positive electrical charge of one (+1) and a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu), which is about 1.67×10−27

Answer:

Neutrons are neutrally charged, that is to say they don't have a positive or negative charge and are uncharged.

Protons have a positive charge.

Electrons have a negative charge.

The atom itself as a whole is neutral as the protons and electrons balance each others' charge.

hope it helps

The table that was completed correctly is B.

Columns in the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical behavior. All members of the element family have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal columns of the periodic table are called periods.

Moving periodically increases nuclear attraction due to increasing atomic number and decreases the atomic size. Therefore, elements cannot readily donate electrons. Therefore, group 17 elements are strong non-metals, and group 1 elements are strong metals. The elements are arranged in 7 horizontal rows called periods or series and 18 vertical columns called groups. Groups are labeled at the top of each column. In the United States, labels have traditionally been uppercase numbers.

Learn more about The periodic table here:-https://brainly.com/question/15987580

#SPJ1

Answer:

By combining two or more substances, a mixture is produced. A homogeneous solution tends to be identical, no matter how you sample it. Homogeneous mixtures are sources of water, saline solution, some alloys, and bitumen. Sand, oil and water, and chicken noodle soup are examples of heterogeneous mixtures.

Explanation:

The mass of the substance would be 72.8g

Given,

The density of the substance = 9.1g/cm³

The Length of the substance = 2cm

The Breadth of the substance = 2cm

The Hight of the substance = 2cm

We know,

Mass = Density × Volume

And

Volume = l×b×h

= 2×2×2

= 8 cm³

Therefore the mass of the substance

= D×V

= (9.1 × 8) g

= 72.8g

So, the mass of a substance will be 72.8g

Learn more about mass and density questions here:-

https://brainly.com/question/22986701

There are 115 protons in the element 115 and due to the large number of protons, the element does not exist in nature.

Also, the element can not be isolated in nature that is IUPAC had to require an independent confirmation of the element.

We know that the periodic table is an arrangement of the atoms in order of increasing atomic number. We know that the larger the atomic number of the element, the less likely that the element would be stable in nature. The element that have been named 115 is called Moscovium and was discovered in Moscow as a product of a radioactive experiment. The number of protons in element 115 is 115 protons

Generally, the element number 115 does not exist in nature because if the proton number in an element exceeds 82, the repulsion between the protons would make it almost impossible for the nucleus to be a stable nucleus.

The reason why IUPAC had to request an independent confirmation of the element is because it does not exist in nature.

Learn more about element 115:https://brainly.com/question/27914234

#SPJ1

Answer:ScienceBiochemistryQ&A LibraryAn ion has 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 18 electrons. The symbol for the ion is 31P3+. 31P3-.

Explanation:

Anatomist and physiologist Theodor Schwann is best known for formulating the cell doctrine, which holds that all living things are made up of cells.

Theodor Schwann put forth the classical cell theory in 1839. This theory consists of three parts. All organisms are composed of cells, according to the first section. The basic building blocks of life exists cells, according to the second section.

Anatomist and physiologist Theodor Schwann is best known for formulating the cell doctrine, which holds that all living things are made up of cells. He proved that the cell is the fundamental building block of all living things.

All known living things are composed of one or more cells, according to the modern cell theory. By dividing, pre-existing cells become all living cells. All living things have cells as their basic unit of structure and operation.

Therefore, the correct answer is option d) Theodor Schwann did experimentation that demonstrated new cells come from existing, living cells.

To learn more about Theodor Schwann cell theory refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/13158035

#SPJ4

Using the molar masses of helium and neon, as well as Avogadro's number, we can see that there are more helium atoms than there are neon atoms.

Let us assume we have 100 g of helium and 100 g of neon. In order to calculate the number of atoms, we need to first calculate the number of moles of each gas. We can do this by using their respective molar masses (4 g/mol for He, and 20 for Ne):

n(He) = m(He) / M(He) = 100 g / 4 g/mol = 25 mol of He

n(Ne) = m(Ne) / M(Ne) = 100 g / 20 g/mol = 5 mol of Ne

Now we can use Avogadro's number (6.022e23/mol) to calculate the number of atoms present in both gas samples:

N(He atoms) = 25 mol * 6.022e23/mol = 150.55e23 He atoms

N(Ne atoms) = 5 mol * 6.022e23/mol = 30.11e23 Ne atoms

Obviously, we have 5 times more He atoms than Ne atoms.

You can learn more about Avogadro's number here:

brainly.com/question/28834341

#SPJ4

Answer:

Directly & Pressure

Explanation:

Oumm...I don't know if it's right but correct me if I'm wrong

The mass of titanium that can be extracted from 570 kg of titanium chloride is 144302.4 g.

Titanium chloride weighs 570 kg, or = 570000 / 189.6 moles. As 189.6 g make up 1 mole of titanium chloride, that equals 3006.3 moles.

Now, we can see from the equation that 1 mole of titanium chloride results in 1 mole of titanium.

Consequently, 3006.3 moles of titanium chloride are converted into 3006.3 moles of titanium.

Considering the atomic weights of Cl 35.5 and Ti 48

So, 48 x 3006.3 g times 3 moles of titanium equals 144302.4 g.

To learn more about atomic masses click on the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/338808

#SPJ9

Answer: 25%

Explanation: To find the mass percentage of a chemical you need to do mass/total mass x 100 = %.

In this case you would do 5.0/20.00 because 5.0 is the mass of the hydrogen and 20.00 is the total mass. That equals .25 so the next step is to times that by 100.

.25 x 100 = 25, so we know that the percent of the hydrogen mass in compound 1 = 25%

Does anyone know compound 2?? I’m stuck I don’t know how to do this

The possible compositions of the liquid phases are: [tex]x_{1} =0.15[/tex] and  [tex]x_{2} =0.79[/tex], while those of vapor phases are: [tex]y_{1} =0.2[/tex] and  [tex]y_{2} =0.7[/tex]

The given binary mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate at 100 kPa.

Given plot is temperature versus mole fraction (T-xy) at constant pressure 100 kPa.

In the given plot, the upper curve represents the dewpoint curve and lower curve represents bubble point curve.

At a given temperature 74 C, we can determine the mole fractions as follows:

1. We draw a horizontal lie from 74 °C mole fraction 0 to 1 and it touches lower curve at two points and upper curve at two points.

2. We also draw a vertical line from points where it touches the lower curve gives the composition of liquid and draw a vertical line from points where it touches the upper curve gives the vapor compositions.

From the plot given below, the compositions of liquid where the vertical line touches lower curve are: [tex]x_{1} =0.15[/tex] and [tex]x_{2} =0.79[/tex]

And those for vapor phases where the line touches the upper curve are:

[tex]y_{1} =0.2[/tex] and [tex]y_{2} =0.7[/tex]

Learn more about the chemical mixtures here:

https://brainly.com/question/17975594

#SPJ4

The element which an alien with ten mouths need is Tungsten ( W ).

Tungsten is an element in the periodic table which belongs to group vi. It is a transition metal. Transition metals has the ability to form complex ions. Alien such as those with ten mouths need tungsten for sustenance.

An element is a substance which cannot be split into smaller forms by ordinary process. The element in the periodic table are structured into groups and periods. The vertical arrangements of chemical elements in the periodic table is the group while the period is the horizontal arrangements.

Chemical elements are also classified as metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

So therefore, tungsten is needed by aliens.

Read more on elements:

https://brainly.com/question/17912035

#SPJ1

The concentration gradient acting on the red molecules would be stronger than on the blue molecules, but in a different direction.

Stronger than on blue molecules but in different direction because red molecules are having relatively higher density as compared to blue molecules because of 2 drops added. So the concentration gradient will be more and in opposite direction than blue.

Learn more about concentration gradient here:

https://brainly.com/question/19191811

#SPJ4