The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are examples of convergent evolution as well adaptations to a common environment (option 4).
What is convergent evolution?Convergent evolution is a type of evolution that produces similar features in organisms which are not evolutionary-related individuals. This type of evolution is different from divergent evolution, which generates different features in evolutionarily related species.
Therefore, we can conclude that convergent evolution leads to the generation of similar features in non related species such as occurring in the dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish.
Learn more about convergent evolution here:
https://brainly.com/question/1198232
#SPJ1
even in siblings whose parents are same, difference in characters can be observed. how? class 10 cbse
Even in siblings whose parents are same, difference in characteristics because each parent have two different set of genes. they passes only one set of gene to the offspring and half that is pass down is random .
In an organism each characteristic is determine by the pair of genes. Each parent passes only one of the two gene of the pair for each characteristics to its offspring through gametes . These variations are necessary and are part of natural selection . variation in characteristic is important for the organism to adapt to various kind of environment and also helps in prevention of species from extinction .
To learn more about genes , here
brainly.com/question/8832859
#SPJ1
What is the arrow pointing to?
A. A covalent bond
B. An ionic bond
C. A triple bond
D. A hydrogen bond
Answer:
Hydrogen Bond
Explanation:
The molecules above have two positives molecules of the same size. One larger molecule that is negative. All other bonds are notated using a solid line. Hydrogen bonds are dotted lines because there are partial charges on the molecules.
a white‑winged butterfly population is easily visible against green vegetation. a few individuals in the population have red spots on their wings that resemble the red spots on a species that their predators avoid. a few other individuals have a speckled‑gray pattern on their wings that blends well with the vegetation. over time, the proportions of red‑spotted and gray‑speckled butterflies increase in the population. conversely, the proportion of pure white butterflies decreases in the population. what form of selection has taken place in this population? stabilizing selection directional selection frequency‑dependent selection disruptive (diversifying) selection
Disruptive (diversifying) selection has taken place in this population. The correct answer is option(d).
Diversifying selection, also known as the disruptive selection, happens when extreme levels of a trait are preferred above the middle values. Often, speciation is driven by this kind of selection. Additionally, environmental changes that favor people at one extreme of the phenotypic spectrum might result in diversifying selection.
Disruptive selection is important because it has the ability to create a population with such a high level of diversity that it results in the speciation of new species, including ecological sexual dimorphism. Since more than one phenotype, or physical attribute, is preferred by the disruptive selection, genetic and phenotypic diversity in a population rises. As a result, diversified selection is another name for disruptive selection. Disruptive selection has the potential to trigger speciation over time.
To know more about Disruptive selection refer to: https://brainly.com/question/28095656
#SPJ4
Why are plasma membranes arranged as a bilayer instead of a monolayer? Include polarity in your answer.
Answer:
Due to the amphiphilic nature of the phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane, it is a bilayer (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail). Due to the bilayer structure, the hydrophilic heads are in contact with the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm, while the hydrophobic tails are in contact with one another in the middle of the membrane.
Explanation:
When a small piece of lung is placed in water, it floats. Why?
Analyze and Interpret Data
1. Identify the range of pH values and temperatures used in the experiment
The range of pH may start above the optimum value 10 and reduces. In the second case, the temperature as the optimum temperature is taken to be as 60° and extends further.
1) Effect of pH on Protease Enzyme:According to present the data in the above provided graph, the activities of the Protease that are shown will always increase as the pH(alkalinity) increases but they may be starting from any pH value/concentration above the optimum value (10).
The activity presence of the enzyme Protease also starts to drop or just reduces drastically.
2) Effect of Temperature on Protease Enzyme:According to the data in the graph above, the activity of the enzyme Protease will always increase in its function, when the temperature increases up to the temperature 60degrees (the optimum temperature).
But the activity of the Protease enzyme will start to drop down, as temperature becomes greater than that of the optimum temperature (at 60degrees)
To know more about pH, visit:
brainly.com/question/27945512
#SPJ13
In 4 sentences describe a couple of areas in the brain that are responsible for creativity.
As it appears to be in charge of many of the processes that support creative thinking, the frontal cortex has been referred to as the hub or center of creativity.
What is the role of the frontal cortex?The frontal cortex are crucial for controlling higher order executive functions, expressive language, and physical movement. The ability to plan, organize, initiate, self-monitor, and control one's responses in order to accomplish a goal is referred to as having executive functions.
What happens if the frontal cortex is damaged?There are several symptoms that can result from frontal lobe brain damage, including behavioral issues and motor difficulties. The frontal lobe can be harmed by a number of disorders, such as dementia, head trauma, and stroke.
To know more about Frontal Cortex visit:
https://brainly.com/question/26733086
#SPJ10
extinction rates are estimated using accurate techniques which provide field biologists a clear understanding of why species go extinct. group of answer choices true false
Answer:
False
Explanation:
i have already done these questions in the assignment i took in my biology class.
Hope it helps
suppose a three-point testcross was conducted involving the genes r, h, and q. if the most abundant classes are rqh and rqh and the rarest classes are rhq and rhq, which gene is in the middle?
The gene in the middle is R in a three-point testcross if the most abundant classes are rqh and rqh and the rarest classes are rhq and rhq.
The locations of three genes in the genome of an organism are identified using a three-point cross. A homozygous recessive individual is crossed with a person who is heterozygous for three mutations, and the progeny's phenotypes are graded. The parental gametes produce the two most prevalent phenotypes, while a double-crossing during gamete creation produces the two least prevalent phenotypes. The geneticist can identify which gene is situated between the other genes on the chromosome by comparing the phenotypes of the parental and double-crossover individuals. The most prevalent phenotypes are rqh and rqh while the least prevalent phenotypes are rhq and rhq, therfore the middle gene after comparing is R.
To know more about gene. Click, https://brainly.com/question/14891999
#SPJ4
true or false: the cooking process is often viewed as the starting point of carbohydrate digestion because cooking helps to soften the tough connective fibers in the plants.
The given statement is true that the cooking process is often viewed as the starting point of carbohydrate digestion because cooking helps to soften the tough connective fibers in the plants.
Carbohydrates are one of the biomolecules present in living body. These are the polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. There are three types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. They serve various purposes like energy source, structural, anchorage, etc.
Connective fibers are the loose tissues that join one type of tissue to another. These are of three types: collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers. These fibers help in maintaining the structure and integrity of the body and also provide support.
To know more about connective fibers, here
brainly.com/question/28526427
#SPJ1
which of these lipids is not a class of glycerophospholipids? which of these lipids is not a class of glycerophospholipids? sphingolipids cardiolipin phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylserine
Ceramide is not a class of glycerophospholipids.
What is glycerophospholipids?
glycerophospholipids are detergents and as such they reduced water surface tension and stability dispersion of the compounds.
The capacity of phospholipids to function detergent is important in bile.
glycerophospholipids are composed of an ester glycerol and phosphoric acid. It is characterized by phosphatic acid backbone.
It is major constitution of membrane and are responsible for the membrane being a bilayer.
It is composed of half of brains lipids .
The capacity of phospolipids to function as detergents is important in bile, where they favor the solubility of cholesterol.
Thus non of these options are in the catagory of glycerophospholipids
To know more about glycerophospholipids click -
https://brainly.com/question/23105733
#SPJ9
When might a therapist be required to violate confidentiality?
The client shares something that is of interest to a client's parents.
The client threatens to harm himself.
The client complains about a teacher at school.
There are no exceptions to confidentiality
A therapist might be required to violate confidentiality when the client threatens to harm himself.
Circumstances where a client threatens harm to themselves or others authorize a therapist to make a disclosure to an appropriate authority, be it the police or a family member. An exception may be made if the court solicits a psychologist to reveal confidential information without the consent of the individual.
Confidentiality is defined as a restriction on the volunteering of information outside of the courtroom setting, not to be confused with the concept of the psychotherapist-patient privilege. They apply to different possibilities and are addressed in different sections of law. The psychotherapist-patient privilege affords the holder of the patient the right to withhold testimony in a court of law.
To learn more about Confidentiality here
https://brainly.com/question/28139250
#SPJ1
Answer:
B
Explanation:
what effect low temperature have non enzyme activity. use animal metabolism as an example
Because their molecular mobility slows down at low temperatures, the frequency of effective collisions between both the substrate and the enzyme is decreased. The body of a human is kept around 37 °C since this is the temperature during which our body's enzymes function most effectively.
The human cell's metabolism is carried at the 37 °C temperature. This is the temperature at which the enzyme activity is highest and all the enzyme related work carried out.
Enzyme- A biological catalyst called an enzyme is usually always a protein. It accelerates a certain chemical process in the cell. The enzyme is employed repeatedly and is not destroyed throughout the process.
To know more about the Enzyme, click on the below link,
https://brainly.com/question/17320375
#SPJ1
. In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a reactant?
Answer: Glycolysis
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration. Which after glycolysis, the reactants are no longer glucose, but product of glycolysis - pyruvate.
Chimpanzees who had been reared by their mothers or by human surrogates watched a person use a tool in a specific way to procure food. When subsequently given the opportunity to use the tool to obtain food, _____ tried to use the tool, and the _____ group was more likely to demonstrate the specific technique.
chimpanzees raised by their parent tried to use the tool and the chimpanzees raised by human surrogates groups are more likely to demonstrate the technique if they are given the opportunity to use a toll after watching a person used the tool.
It is easier for the chimpanzees raised by a surrogate mother to carry out acts that have been performed in their presence since they have a human-chimpanzee bond and learn new things from the human environment. However, mother-raised chimps lack these relationships, making their actions seem weird in comparison. Because their upbringing will have a beneficial impact on their intelligence, chimpanzees raised by a surrogate mother will have more developed intellects than those reared by their moms.
To learn more about chimpanzees. Click, https://brainly.com/question/1620110
#SPJ4
the fascicles of biceps brachii run in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle, and its the muscle belly that is so distinctive when someone contracts this muscle. considering this information, biceps brachii is an example of a muscle.
The fascicles of the biceps brachii run in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle, and it's the muscle belly that is so distinctive when someone contracts this muscle. Considering this information, the biceps brachii is an example of a parallel muscle.
The ventral part of the upper arm has a big, muscular muscle called the biceps brachii.The muscle is made up of a long head (caput longum) and a short head (caput breve) (caput longum). The biceps muscle has two joints. Both muscles' head partially constrains opposite motions at the shoulder joint. While the short head pulls the arm back towards the trunk, the long head pushes the arm away from the trunk (abduction) and rotates it inward (inward rotation) (adduction).
Strap muscles are a type of parallel muscle because their fibers, as their name implies, run parallel to one another. Although they are not very strong, they have good endurance. They are often lengthy muscles that create significant movements. Sartorius and Sternocleidomastoid are two examples.
To know more about biceps brachii refer to: https://brainly.com/question/28386357
#SPJ4
A bottle of tylenol children's liquid contains 24 doses, each measuring 5 ml. if one child receives 4 doses, what fractional part of the bottle does the child receive?
She/he consequently had four doses, or one-sixth of the 24 dosages in the bottle, out of the total. As a result, she/he got 1/6 of the entire bottle.
When are children given Tylenol?When treating children's fevers or relieving pain, pediatricians most usually advise using TYLENOL. Distinct from other painkillers and fever reducers, TYLENOL for kids works in a different way. Children's TYLENOL contains acetaminophen and is gentle on young stomachs. It is also available in a variety of kid-friendly flavors.
This child received four of the bottle's 24 dosages. The number of times that four equals 24 is then. She/he consequently had four doses out of the 24 total doses in the bottle, or one-sixth of the dosages. As a result, she/he got 1/6 of the entire bottle.
As a result, She/He was given 1/6 of the entire bottle.
To learn more about Tylenol from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/4123470
#SPJ9
Why is groundwater an important source of freshwater storage?
a.
It constitutes approximately 30% of Earth’s freshwater.
b.
It is the only viable source of freshwater in some areas.
c.
It is available in conditions of drought.
d.
All of the above
The reason why groundwater an important source of freshwater storage is option a. It constitutes approximately 30% of Earth’s freshwater.
What is the most important source of freshwater?The two main sources of fresh water are groundwater as well as surface waters. The water that exists below the surface of the earth and can be extracted in a number of ways is known as groundwater.
Because it makes up around some percentage of the freshwater on Earth, groundwater is a significant source of freshwater. For locations without access to other freshwater sources, such as those that are experiencing droughts, groundwater is a crucial source of freshwater.
Learn more about groundwater from
https://brainly.com/question/9617
#SPJ1
You feel thirsty, so you drink a large glass of water. After drinking the water, the feeling of thirst goes away. What system is most responsible for sensing that there are low water levels in the body and letting you know that you need to drink water to maintain your homeostasis?.
The sense of the nervous system tells us the need to drink water and thus maintain our homeostasis.
When an individual is thirsty, a drink of water can be exceptionally fulfilling, but after the thirst has been extinguished, drinking more can be unsavory. The unused investigation uncovers the root of these encounters within the brain.
These brain circuits likely advanced to avoid individuals from drinking as well as much water, coming about in perilously moo sodium levels, the analysts detailed nowadays within the diary Procedures of the National Foundation of Sciences.
Brain ranges included in emotional decision-making lit up within the scanner when individuals drank in reaction to feeling parched, while locales included in controlling development kicked in when individuals constrained themselves to keep drinking after extinguishing their thirst.
Hypothalamus is involved in the thirst sense since receptors within the body distinguish an awkwardness of liquid and the need to recapture homeostasis.
Learn more about thirst at
https://brainly.com/question/6991450
#SPJ9
An organism's scientific name consists of which TWO taxonomic groups?(Select TWO ANSWERS)
A: Domain
B: kingdom
C: Phylum
D:Class
E: Order
F: Family
G: Genus
H: Species
Answer:
Kingdom and phylum
Explanation:
I might be worng
witch of these is an immunity that the human body uses
1. neutral immunity
2. humoral immunity antibody mediated
3. irrelevant immunity
4. lipid-mediated-immunity
An immunity used by human body is: (2) humoral immunity antibody mediated.
Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against the foreign invaders and the disease caused by them. This immunity can be active or passive. Active immunity is the one that the body develops by itself. Passive immunity is the one that is introduced into the body by injecting antibodies.
Humoral immunity is the response mediated by the antibodies present in the body for specific pathogens. It is driven by the B cells. Antibodies are the Y-shaped structures that are produced by the B cells in response to the invasion of certain foreign invaders also called the antigens.
To know more about humoral immunity, here
brainly.com/question/9924784
#SPJ1
for each step of photosynthetic electron flow from water to nadp , drag the appropriate label to indicate whether or not that step requires an input of energy.
The step of what is needed in the photosynthetic electron flow from water to NADP+ are:
1. No energy input required.
2. Energy input needed.
3. No energy input needed.
4. Energy input needed.
5. No energy input needed.
How do electrons move during photosynthesis?It moves between the two photosystems, electrons are transported successively, with photosystem I producing NADPH and photosystem II producing ATP.
Beginning at photosystem II, which is similar to the previously characterized photosynthetic reaction center of R. viridis, the electron flow channel begins.
The oxidative phosphorylation process, also known as the electron transport chain, is a collection of four protein complexes which tends to combine redox events to produce an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP.
Therefore, Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in mitochondria.
Learn more about photosynthetic electron flow from
https://brainly.com/question/9045003
#SPJ1
See full question below
For each step of photosynthetic electron flow from water to NADP+, drag the appropriate label to indicate whether or not that step requires an input of energy.
1) Water to P680+
2) P680 to Pq (plastoquinone)
3) Pq to P700+
4) P700 to Fd (ferredoxin)
5) Fd to NADP+
Which is the SIMPLEST level of organization in a human being? Responses A organsorgans B cellscells C organ systemsorgan systems D tissues
Answer: B. Cells
Explanation:
CELLS
Why can an electric current pass easily through a metal?
1-The positive nuclei metal atoms strongly attract their negative valence electrons
2-Positively charged metal ions move freely from one end of a metal to the other
3-Negatively charged electrons can move freely through a metal
4- positively charged metal ions are arranged in crystals
Answer: The Correct answer is 3) Negatively charged electrons can move freely through a metal
Explanation:
The electric current can pass easily through a metal because the electrons or negatively charged ions are relatively free to move in metals. So, whenever current pass-through metals, electrons carry electricity and pass it through the metal. The movement of these electrons are the reason for conduction of current in metals.
Answer:Negatively charged electrons can move freely through a metal
62.mohr, l.; carceles-cordon, m.; woo, j.; cordon-cardo, c.; domingo-domenech, j.; rodriguez-bravo, v. generation of prostate cancer cell models of resistance to the anti-mitotic agent docetaxel. j. vis. exp. 2017, e56327
A typical mechanism of disease development and a prognostic factor for malignant tumors is developed resistance to prostate cancer treatments. Resistance to MTAs, such as the taxane Docetaxel, determines treatment failure and the progression of the disease into lethal stages.
The variety of processes causing acquired resistance has been investigated for decades, but they remain poorly understood, which severely restricts the creation of novel therapeutic approaches. We outline a procedure for creating Docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines in this article.
The Docetaxel-resistant cell lines created by this method have been successfully used in recent studies, such as the loss of resistance properties over time, and they present an opportunity to enhance our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind acquired chemoresistance in deadly prostate cancer.
To know more about prostate cancer refer to: https://brainly.com/question/28012934
#SPJ4
This diagram shows cellular activity across a cell membrane.
Glucose in high concentrations
outside the cell
Cell membrane
Glucose in low concentrations
inside the cell
Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?
O Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules
O Synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis
O Transport of molecules and energy conversions
O Homeostasis and transport of molecules
Answer:
Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules
The two processes that are shown in the image are the transport of molecules and energy conversions. Therefore, option C is correct.
The transport of molecules and energy conversions through the cell membrane are vital processes for the functioning of cells. The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane. It acts as a selective barrier that regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
The cell membrane also plays a role in energy conversions. For example, during cellular respiration, the inner membrane of mitochondria (which are organelles within the cell) is involved in the electron transport chain. Thus, option C is correct.
Learn more about energy conversion, here:
https://brainly.com/question/10954434
#SPJ6
what determines the structure of a catalase molecule
Explanation:
The catalase reaction is independent on the substrate concentration. If you have an excess of enzyme but not substrate, the reaction will be limited by the substrate availability
if anyone can help lmk earth science
For earth science you have to study minerals and rocks, their definitions, gain some conceptual information and even have in mind their properties.
How are Minerals and Rocks similar?A mineral is a naturally occurring substance having unique atomic structures, compositions, and chemical and physical properties. Typically speaking, two or more minerals when are combined together through geological processes make up the rocks.
Compare the Chemical composition of Minerals and Rocks.A rock can be described as an inorganic, naturally occurring, solid substance that typically has no atomic structure or chemical makeup.
Making up fairly similar to rock, the mineral has a distinct crystalline structure and chemical makeup. A mineral can be described as a solid, inorganic substance.
Compare the way we classify minerals and rocks.A mineral is a naturally occurring substance having unique atomic structures, compositions, and chemical and physical properties.
Typically, when two or more minerals are absolutely combined together through any geological processes, this makes up rocks.
Which substance is/are inorganic? Which substance is/are organic?The main distinction between these organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic molecules always contain an atom of carbon, whereas the majority of inorganic compounds do not.
Almost all organic compounds have a simple C-H bond or a carbon-hydrogen bond in them.
To know more about Minerals and Rocks, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/12144727
#SPJ13
What kinds of scientific investigations do
not involve experiments?
The experimental investigation does not involve involve experiments.
A "fair test" is a technique used in experimental studies that are devised, measured, and regulated to gather data in order to accept or reject a formal relationship.
A control group is included in all experimental studies; this group does not require or undergo any form of experimental treatment.
For instance, a student might investigate "Discuss the impact of light hue on plant growth?" In this experiment, the pupil changed the light's changeable color. The student may contrast red light, green light, and natural light.
Learn more about scientific investigations at:
https://brainly.com/question/5149049
Look at the energy pyramid shown in the lesson. Suppose some trout eats smelt and then human eats the trout. About how many of the original 1000 calories contained in the algae reach the human? How does this compare to a situation in which the human ate the smelt directly?
The quantity of the original 1000 calories contained in the algae that reached the human is 1.2 calories. But had it been the human ate the smelt directly, it would have taken in 6 calories.
What is food energy pyramid?The food energy pyramid is the type of pyramid that shows the flow of energy within the trophic levels of an ecosystem.
In a typical food energy pyramid, the organism with the highest energy level is usually located lowest in the pyramid while the organism that obtained the lowest energy is at the uppermost part of the pyramid.
There are various types of food pyramids which include the following:
Pyramid of numbers,Pyramid of biomass andPyramid of energy.From the given diagram, each level is being represented by the energy they acquired when they feed on the lower placed organisms.
Therefore, when humans feed on the trout that fed on the smelt that fed on the zooplankton that fed on the algae, they will only obtain 1.2 calories of the 1000 calories possessed by algae and bacteria.
Learn more about food pyramids here:
https://brainly.com/question/26876911
#SPJ1