Fixed Costs Rate Variance: $5,000 (Favorable), Production Volume Variance: -$4,860,000 (Unfavorable), Flexible Budget Variance: -$19,400 (Unfavorable), Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance: -$1,000 (Unfavorable).
To calculate the variances, we need to use the following formulas:
Fixed Costs Rate Variance:
Fixed Costs Rate Variance = (Actual Fixed Costs - Budgeted Fixed Costs)
Fixed Costs Rate Variance = $167,000 - $162,000 = $5,000 (Favorable)
Production Volume Variance:
Production Volume Variance = (Actual Units Produced - Budgeted Units Produced) × Budgeted Fixed Costs
Production Volume Variance = (120 - 150) × $162,000 = -$4,860,000 (Unfavorable)
Flexible Budget Variance:
Flexible Budget Variance = (Actual Units Produced × Budgeted Fixed Costs per Unit) - Actual Fixed Costs
Budgeted Fixed Costs per Unit = Budgeted Fixed Costs / Budgeted Units Produced
Budgeted Fixed Costs per Unit = $162,000 / 150 = $1,080
Flexible Budget Variance = (120 × $1,080) - $167,000 = -$19,400 (Unfavorable)
Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance:
Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance = Actual Fixed Manufacturing Overhead - (Actual Hours × Fixed Overhead Rate)
Fixed Overhead Rate = Budgeted Fixed Manufacturing Overhead / Budgeted Hours
Fixed Overhead Rate = $162,000 / 600 = $270
Over/Under Allocated Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Variance = $167,000 - (600 × $270) = -$1,000 (Unfavorable)
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The question is -
If the actual fixed costs total $167000 with the actual number of units produced equal to 120, and the budgeted fixed costs were $162000 and the budgeted units to be produced are 150, the hours per unit are 4 and total hours are 600. What is the fixed costs rate variance, production volume variance the flexible budget variance, and the over/under allocated fixed manufacturing overhead variance? Indicate whether the variances are favorable or unfavorable.
On May 26, 2022, Robin Company sells a piece of its manufacturing equipment for $80,000 cash. Robin had initially purchased the equipment for $200,000 in a prior period. The company had recorded $140,000 in depreciation for this related to the sale. piece of equipment as of the date of sale. Robin Company will record a, a. $80,000 gain b. $20,000 gain c. $60,000 loss d. $120,000 loss
The company will record a $20,000 gain.
How will Robin Company record the gain or loss from the sale of its manufacturing equipment?When Robin Company sells the manufacturing equipment for $80,000 cash, the gain or loss on the sale needs to be determined. To calculate the gain or loss, we compare the selling price with the carrying amount of the equipment.
The carrying amount of the equipment is the original cost minus the accumulated depreciation. In this case, the equipment was initially purchased for $200,000, and $140,000 in depreciation has been recorded.
Carrying amount = Initial cost - Accumulated depreciation
Carrying amount = $200,000 - $140,000
Carrying amount = $60,000
Since the selling price of the equipment is $80,000, we compare this with the carrying amount to determine the gain or loss.
Selling price - Carrying amount = Gain/Loss
$80,000 - $60,000 = $20,000 gain
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which characterisitic of competitive markets is mainly responsible for ensuring prices will be kept low
The characteristic of competitive markets that is mainly responsible for ensuring prices will be kept low is the presence of many buyers and sellers.
A competitive market is a market that has many buyers and sellers, each of whom is too small to affect the market price. This characteristic of competitive markets is mainly responsible for ensuring that prices will be kept low by allowing the market to establish the equilibrium price through the interaction of supply and demand forces.
A market with numerous buyers and sellers, unlike a monopoly market, allows buyers and sellers to work together to reach a price that is mutually beneficial to both parties. Therefore, the presence of many buyers and sellers in a market is responsible for ensuring that prices will be kept low.
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a. Assume that X Company has common stock outstanding with a current market value of $55 per share, current dividend of $4 per share, and a dividend growth rate of 8% forever. Calculate the company cost of equity capital. b. X Company also has preferred stock outstanding with par value of $76, dividend per share of $7, and a current market value of $56 per share. Calculate the company cost of preferred stock. c. The interest rate for the debt of X company is 14%. What is the after-tax cost of debt if the income tax rate is 25%. d. The total value of the X company's assets is 1 million $, in which debt accounts for 35%, the total market value of common stock is $560,000, the rest is preferred stock. What is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of the X company? f. Assume that X has a company beta of 1.3. The risk-free rate is 5% and the expected return on the market is 13.4%. Calculate the cost of equity capital?
The required Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of the X company is 17.42%.
a. The cost of equity is calculated using the dividend growth model, also known as the Gordon model:Cost of Equity = (Current Dividend / Current Stock Price) + Dividend Growth Rate= ($4 / $55) + 8% = 15.27%
b. Cost of Preferred Stock= Annual Preferred Dividend / Market Value of Preferred Stock= $7 / $56 = 12.5%
c. After-tax cost of debt= Pre-tax cost of debt x (1 - Tax Rate)= 14% x (1 - 0.25) = 10.5%
d. To calculate WACC, you need to use the weights of each source of financing. Debt and Equity are the main sources of financing, and the formula for WACC is as follows:WACC = (Weight of Equity x Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Debt x Cost of Debt) x (1 - Tax Rate)
Weight of Equity = Market Value of Equity / Total Value of the Firm = $560,000 / $1,000,000 = 0.56
Weight of Debt = Total Debt / Total Value of the Firm = 0.35(1 - 0.56) = 0.154
Cost of Equity and Cost of Debt are calculated in parts a and c, respectively.WACC = (0.56 x 15.27%) + (0.154 x 10.5%) x (1 - 0.25) = 11.99%e. The cost of equity using the CAPM model is as follows:Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta x (Expected Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)= 5% + 1.3 x (13.4% - 5%)= 17.42%
Thus, the cost of equity capital of X Company is 17.42%.
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Griffey Junior Wear has $1,040,000 in assets and $643,000 of total debt. It reports net income of $193,000.
a. What is its ROA? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to 1 decimal place.)
Return on assets %
b. What is the return on shareholders’ equity? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Return on equity %
c. If the firm has an asset turnover ratio of 4.50 times, what is the profit margin? (Round the final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Griffey Junior Wear has $1,040,000 in assets and $643,000 of total debt. It reports net income of $193,000.
a. Return on Assets (ROA): 18.6%
b. Return on Shareholders' Equity: 48.61%
c. Profit Margin: 4.12%
To calculate the financial ratios for Griffey Junior Wear, we need to use the given information. Let's calculate each ratio:
a. Return on Assets (ROA):
ROA is calculated by dividing net income by total assets.
ROA = Net Income / Total Assets
ROA = $193,000 / $1,040,000
ROA = 0.1856
ROA = 18.6%
b. Return on Shareholders' Equity:
Return on equity is calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity.
Shareholders' Equity can be calculated by subtracting total debt from total assets.
Shareholders' Equity = Total Assets - Total Debt
Shareholders' Equity = $1,040,000 - $643,000
Shareholders' Equity = $397,000
Return on Equity = Net Income / Shareholders' Equity
Return on Equity = $193,000 / $397,000
Return on Equity = 0.4861
Return on Equity = 48.61%
c. Profit Margin:
Profit margin is calculated by dividing net income by total revenue.
Profit Margin = Net Income / Total Revenue
Since we are not given the total revenue, we can use the asset turnover ratio to calculate it.
Asset Turnover Ratio = Total Revenue / Total Assets
Total Revenue = Asset Turnover Ratio * Total Assets
Total Revenue = 4.50 * $1,040,000
Total Revenue = $4,680,000
Profit Margin = Net Income / Total Revenue
Profit Margin = $193,000 / $4,680,000
Profit Margin = 0.0412
Profit Margin = 4.12%
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The combination of the assets, liabilities, stock, and employees of two corporations into one brand new corporation is called O a. a consolidation. O b. a takeover. O c. an exchange of assets. d. a merger.
A merger is a business strategy that involves two or more companies combining into a single entity. It typically entails a stock swap, in which the acquiring company issues new stock to the shareholders of the company being acquired, in exchange for their shares.
A merger is a business combination of two or more firms in which they become a single new entity. A merger can be of different types, such as horizontal, vertical, or conglomerate. Horizontal mergers occur when two companies operating in the same line of business combine. Vertical mergers happen when two companies involved in different levels of the same supply chain combine. A conglomerate merger is when two firms in unrelated businesses come together.The combination of two companies in a merger is beneficial for both companies.
By joining forces, companies can increase their market share, achieve economies of scale, and reduce costs. They can improve their efficiency and effectiveness and become more competitive in the market.The outcome of a merger can be both positive and negative. Some of the benefits of a merger include access to new markets, the diversification of product lines, the creation of synergies, and cost savings. However, mergers can also be detrimental to companies due to financial and cultural differences.
A merger is a business strategy that involves two or more companies combining into a single entity. It is of different types such as horizontal, vertical, or conglomerate. By joining forces, companies can increase their market share, achieve economies of scale, and reduce costs. However, mergers can also be detrimental to companies due to financial and cultural differences.
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When government is trying to raise tax revenue, it sometimes attempts to target higher-income people because they are in a better position to bear the burden of a tax. However, it can be very difficult to earn tax revenue from wealthy people. Consider the progressive nature of the U.S. federal income tax system: It's designed so that higher incomes are taxed at higher tax rates. Thinking about the elasticity of labor supply, why might it be more difficult to collect tax revenue from a wealthy individual than from a poor person, all else equal
Answer: The labor supply curve for a wealthy individual is usually more elastic than a poor person's labor supply curve
Explanation:
Tax could be described as individuals paying a particular percentage of their income and whatever they use then pay to the government. The aim of the tax being collected is to generate funds internally which could be used in maintaining the economy.
Despite the government attempts to make tax be one-sided, it yields little or no result in favour of the poor as they end up being well tax as same as the rich. Those who are poor make use of services regularly, and most societies have them than those who are already established. The labor supply curve for a wealthy individual is usually more elastic than a poor person's labor supply curve. We would realize that we have more poor people in labour than those who are rich.
2 points Save Answer Ali, Basel and Ziad are sharing income and loss in a 4:3:2 ratio respectively and decided to liquidate their partnership. Prior to the final distribution of cash to the partners,
In the partnership liquidation, the partners will settle their financial obligations and distribute cash based on their profit-sharing ratio: Ali 4/9, Basel 3/9, and Ziad 2/9.
In the process of liquidating their partnership, Ali, Basel, and Ziad are required to settle their financial obligations and distribute the remaining cash. To ensure a fair distribution, the partners' capital accounts need to be adjusted according to their profit-sharing ratio. The first step is to calculate the total amount of cash available for distribution. Next, the partners' capital balances are adjusted by subtracting any losses or adding any gains realized during the liquidation process. Afterward, the remaining cash is distributed among the partners based on their profit-sharing ratio. The partners' capital accounts are then closed, and any remaining balance is transferred to their personal accounts. By following these steps, the partnership can conclude its operations and ensure an equitable distribution of assets among the partners.For more such questions on Liquidation:
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1. You are paying into a mutual fund that earns 6% compound interest. If you are making an annual contribution of $10,000, how much will be in the funds in 20 years?
2. You want to save money from your business operation to replace a truck that has been used in delivery. The truck will be replaced after 10 years from now and the replacement cost would be about $50,000. If you earn 6% interest on your savings, how much must you deposit at the end of each year to meet the needs?
a) The amount in the funds after 20 years will be approximately $32,071.96.
b) You must deposit approximately $3,793.50 at the end of each year to meet the $50,000 replacement cost in 10 years.
To calculate the amount in the mutual fund after 20 years, we can use the compound interest formula:
[tex]A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)[/tex]
Where:
A = the future value of the investment
P = the principal amount (annual contribution) = $10,000
r = annual interest rate = 6% = 0.06
n = number of times interest is compounded per year (assuming once annually)
t = number of years = 20
Plugging in the values, we have:
[tex]A = $10,000(1 + 0.06/1)^(1*20)[/tex]
[tex]A = $10,000(1.06)^20[/tex]
A ≈ $32,071.96
Therefore, the amount in the funds after 20 years will be approximately $32,071.96.
To calculate the amount that must be deposited at the end of each year to meet the $50,000 replacement cost in 10 years, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula:
[tex]FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r[/tex]
Where:
FV = future value of the annuity (desired replacement cost) = $50,000
P = periodic deposit (amount to be deposited each year)
r = interest rate per period = 6% = 0.06
n = number of periods (years) = 10
Plugging in the values, we have:
[tex]$50,000 = P * [(1 + 0.06)^10 - 1] / 0.06[/tex]
Now, we solve for P:
[tex]$50,000 * 0.06 = P * [(1.06)^10 - 1][/tex]
$3,000 = P * (1.790847 - 1)
$3,000 = P * 0.790847
Dividing both sides by 0.790847:
P ≈ $3,793.50
Therefore, you must deposit approximately $3,793.50 at the end of each year to meet the $50,000 replacement cost in 10 years.
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The synchronize-and-stabilize model offers advantages over the older waterfall model, which is strictly sequential in nature. Identify 6 of these advantages.
Answer:
Pls I just need points
Explanation:
11. Before 1993 and the installation of the Mid-Levels escalators, walk- ing up the hill was much more painful than walking down. This is translated by the following assumptions: τ1(x) = tx and τ2(1 − x) = (t + τ )(1 − x) with t, τ > 0. Based on your reasoning about the prices charged by the two shops, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. The equilibrium quantity of Won-Ton will be smaller than that of Too-Chow.
B. The equilibrium price of Won-Ton will be higher than that of Too- Chow.
C. The equilibrium profit of Won-ton will be smaller than that of Too- Chow.
D. None of the above.
Based on your reasoning about the prices charged by the two shops, "The equilibrium price of Won-Ton will be higher than that of Too-Chow" is the true statement. The correct option is B.
Who will have the higher equilibrium price?The prices charged by the two shops will be equal in the absence of information about each other's pricing strategy. Since the owners of Won-Ton and Too-Chow are strategic rivals, each of them must expect the other to react to their pricing decisions, which results in a price war.
The equilibrium price for each shop is determined by the pricing strategies of its rivals. As a result, Won-Ton will have a higher equilibrium price than Too-Chow.
What is equilibrium in economics?The term "economic equilibrium" refers to a situation in which economic forces, such as supply and demand, are balanced, and there is no inherent tendency for change. When the quantity of a commodity or service provided by producers matches the quantity desired by consumers, economic equilibrium occurs.
The marketplace is said to be in equilibrium when the quantity of goods or services supplied equals the quantity demanded by consumers.
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As the Director of Marketing for the Destination Management Organization, you are required to explain in detail using real examples (other than the destination selected for your group project report), how the model of destination image formation affects the marketing of the destination. While doing so, make sure to explain the key differences between the impact of cognitive and affective image formation on destination image. Note that each aspect of the model should be supported by a relevant real example.
As the Director of Marketing for the Destination Management Organization, in my opinion, the model of destination image formation plays a crucial role in destination marketing. It helps shape the perceptions and expectations that potential visitors have about a destination, influencing their decision-making process.
Let's explore the key aspects of the model and how they impact destination marketing while using real examples.
1. Cognitive Image Formation:
Cognitive image formation refers to the rational and factual information that individuals gather about a destination. It includes factors such as landmarks, historical sites, infrastructure, and amenities. Marketing efforts targeting cognitive image formation often focus on promoting the unique features and attractions of a destination.Real Example: The city of Paris is known for its iconic landmarks like the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre Museum, and Notre Dame Cathedral. The destination marketing campaign for Paris emphasizes these landmarks and showcases their cultural significance. By highlighting these cognitive aspects, the campaign aims to create a positive and appealing image of the destination, attracting tourists.2. Affective Image Formation:
Affective image formation relates to the emotional and subjective perceptions individuals have about a destination. It encompasses aspects like aesthetics, atmosphere, and experiences. Marketing strategies targeting affective image formation aim to evoke positive emotions and create a desirable ambiance associated with the destination.Real Example: The Maldives is renowned for its pristine beaches, crystal-clear turquoise waters, and luxurious resorts. The destination's marketing efforts focus on creating a sense of relaxation, tranquility, and exclusivity. By showcasing images of idyllic beaches, private villas, and romantic sunsets, they aim to evoke positive emotions and portray the Maldives as a dream-like tropical paradise.Key Differences between Cognitive and Affective Image Formation:
Cognitive image formation is more focused on providing factual information and highlighting tangible aspects of a destination, whereas affective image formation aims to evoke emotions and create a subjective perception.Cognitive image formation is more related to rational decision-making, where visitors consider the destination's features and attributes. Affective image formation taps into the emotional side of decision-making, appealing to desires and aspirations.Cognitive image formation is often influenced by advertising, brochures, and information sources, while affective image formation can be shaped through personal experiences, word-of-mouth, and social media.By understanding and incorporating both cognitive and affective elements into destination marketing strategies, organizations can create a holistic and compelling image of the destination. This approach helps in attracting a wider range of visitors who are motivated by different aspects of their travel experience, leading to increased visitation and positive perceptions of the destination.
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Green Air Co’s accounting records show the following:
Income tax payable on current year profits $80,000
Under-provision in relation to the previous year $9,500
Opening provision for deferred tax $3,500
Closing provision for deferred tax $4,900
Requirement
What is the income tax expense that will be shown in the statement of profit or loss for the year?
The income tax expense that will be shown in the statement of profit or loss for the year is $91,900. It includes the current year's income tax payable, the change in deferred tax provision, and an adjustment for the previous year's under-provision.
How to calculate income tax expense?To determine the income tax expense that will be shown in the statement of profit or loss for the year, we need to consider both the current year's income tax payable and the change in the deferred tax provision.
1. Current Year's Income Tax Payable: $80,000
This represents the income tax expense related to the current year's profits.
2. Change in Deferred Tax Provision:
To calculate the change in the deferred tax provision, we subtract the opening provision for deferred tax from the closing provision for deferred tax.
Change in Deferred Tax Provision = Closing Provision for Deferred Tax - Opening Provision for Deferred Tax
Change in Deferred Tax Provision = $4,900 - $3,500 = $1,400
3. Under-provision in relation to the previous year: $9,500
This represents an adjustment for the previous year's under-provision. It will increase the income tax expense for the current year.
Now, we can calculate the income tax expense for the year:
Income Tax Expense = Current Year's Income Tax Payable + Change in Deferred Tax Provision + Under-provision in relation to the previous year
Income Tax Expense = $80,000 + $1,400 + $9,500
Income Tax Expense = $91,900
Therefore, the income tax expense that will be shown in the statement of profit or loss for the year is $91,900.
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XYZ, Inc. plans to sell 500 IPhones during the month of December. You currently have 25 units in stock and want to keep 75 units in your inventory. How many units will he have to make in December?
575 units
400 units
600 units
550 units
The number of units that XYZ, Inc. will have to make in December is 550 units.However, XYZ, Inc. has plans to sell 500 IPhones in December and currently has 25 units in stock.
The company wants to keep 75 units in its inventory, so it needs to calculate how many units it will need to manufacture to meet its sales target.To find the number of units it needs to manufacture, subtract the number of units already in stock and the desired inventory level from the planned sales quantity. Hence, the calculation is as follows:Planned Sales Quantity - Existing Stock - Desired Inventory Level = Required Production Quantity 500 - 25 - 75 = 400
Therefore, XYZ, Inc. will have to manufacture 400 units in December to meet its sales target, keeping 75 units in inventory and starting with 25 units in stock, resulting in a total of 550 units.
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Question 2 High-Flying Advertising Inc, contracted with Big Burger Restaurants to fly an advertisement above the Connecticut beaches. The advertisement offered $5,000 to any person who could swim from the Connecticut beaches to Long Island across the Long Island Sound in less than a day. McElfresh saw the streamer and accepted the challenge. He started his marathon swim that same day at 10 a.m. After he had been swimming for four hours and was about halfway across the sound, McElfresh saw another plane pulling a streamer that read, "Big Burger revokes." Is there a contract between McElfresh and Big Burger? If there is a contract, classify it by types. (See Types of Contracts.)
According to the case given, there was a contract between McElfresh and Big Burger. The type of contract involved in the case is a Unilateral Contract.
A unilateral contract is a one-sided agreement in which only one party promises to do something if the other party performs some act, and the other party is not legally obligated to perform that act. The party making the promise in a unilateral contract does not incur any obligation or liability unless the other party accepts the terms by fulfilling the promise.
In this case, Big Burger offered a reward of $5,000 to any person who could swim from the Connecticut beaches to Long Island within a day. McElfresh accepted the challenge by starting his swim.
By starting the swim, McElfresh is providing the required performance to accept the offer and potentially receive the $5,000 reward. The contract becomes binding once McElfresh fully performs the swim within the specified time limit.
However, when McElfresh was halfway across the sound, he saw a streamer indicating that Big Burger had revoked the offer. Revocation generally takes effect upon communication to the offeree, which occurred in this case.
Therefore, there was initially a unilateral contract between McElfresh and Big Burger, and the offer was revoked before McElfresh completed the swim, resulting in the termination of the contract.
Therefore, the advertisement made by Big Burger Restaurants is a unilateral contract.
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Lingenburger Cheese Corporation has 8.3 million shares of common stock outstanding, 305,000 shares of 3.9 percent preferred stock outstanding, and 190,000 bonds with a semiannual coupon rate of 5.2 percent outstanding, par value $2,000 each. The common stock currently sells for $56 per share and has a beta of 1.20, the preferred stock has a par value of $100 and currently sells for $100 per share, and the bonds have 19 years to maturity and sell for 108 percent of par. The market risk premium is 6.8 percent, T-bills are yielding 3.2 percent, and the company's tax rate is 25 percent. a. What is the firm's market value capital structure? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 4 decimal places, e.g., .1616.) b. If the company is evaluating a new investment project that has the same risk as the firm's typical project, what rate should the firm use to discount the project's cash flows?
a. To calculate the market value capital structure, we need to determine the market values of each component of the capital structure.
Market value of common stock = Number of shares of common stock * Price per share
= 8.3 million * $56Market value of preferred stock = Number of shares of preferred stock * Price per share
= 305,000 * $100Market value of bonds = Number of bonds * Price per bond
= 190,000 * $2,000 * 1.08Total market value of the capital structure = Market value of common stock + Market value of preferred stock + Market value of bonds
b. To discount the cash flows of the new investment project, the firm should use the rate of return that represents the required rate of return for projects with similar risk. This rate is often referred to as the cost of capital or the discount rate. In this case, the appropriate rate to use would be the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which is the average rate of return required by all capital providers (equity and debt).
The WACC can be calculated as the weighted average of the cost of equity and the cost of debt, using the market value weights of each component.
Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premiumCost of debt = Coupon rate * (1 - Tax rate)Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = (Weight of equity * Cost of equity) + (Weight of debt * Cost of debt)
Please provide the weights of each component of the capital structure (common stock, preferred stock, and bonds) to calculate the firm's WACC and determine the rate to discount the project's cash flows.
About AverageIn economics, average cost or unit cost equals total cost divided by the number of units produced: {\displaystyle AC={\frac {TC}{Q}}.} Average cost has strong implications for how firms will choose the price of their commodity.
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the tools used in financial statement analysis include: a. vertical analysis b. ratio analysis c. horizontal analysis d. all of the above
The tools used in financial statement analysis include vertical analysis, ratio analysis, and horizontal analysis. The answer to this question is d. all of the above. Financial statement analysis is the process of reviewing and evaluating a company's financial statements to make better business decisions.
By analyzing a company's financial statements, investors, analysts, creditors, and other stakeholders can determine its financial position and performance, which can help them make informed investment, lending, and management decisions.Vertical analysisVertical analysis is a financial analysis tool that compares a company's financial statements to a baseline. It helps to break down the financial statements into percentages and figures that are more easily understandable, making it possible to compare different components of a company's financial statements.
Ratio analysis Ratio analysis is another financial analysis tool that is used to evaluate a company's performance by comparing different components of its financial statements. It involves comparing financial ratios to industry benchmarks and historical trends to evaluate a company's financial position and performance.Horizontal analysisHorizontal analysis, also known as trend analysis, compares a company's financial statements over time to identify trends and changes. It is a useful tool for identifying areas where a company's financial performance has improved or deteriorated and can help to identify potential problems.
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6. Data mining includes many modifications of database contents. True False 7. A data warehouse may contain highly summarized data for a given period of time. True False 8. Supply Chain Management sys
Data mining includes many modifications of database contents. :Data mining is a process of identifying hidden patterns, useful information, and insightful knowledge from vast data stored in different databases. The process involves analyzing
large datasets to uncover trends and patterns, which are used to identify relationships, anomalies, and useful insights.Data mining involves several modifications of database contents, including cleaning, transforming, integration, selection, and reduction of data. These modifications help to organize the data in a way that makes it easier to analyze and uncover useful insights.7. The main answer is true; A data warehouse may contain highly summarized data for a given period of time
A data warehouse is a centralized repository of data from multiple sources used to support business intelligence activities such as data analysis, reporting, and decision-making. Data in a data warehouse is usually highly summarized and organized into different categories such as time, location, and subject matter.Data in a data warehouse is organized into data marts, which contain data that is highly summarized for a given period of time. The data marts may be designed to provide information on specific aspects of the business such as sales, inventory, or customer behavior. there is no clear indication of what is required. Please provide more information or clarity on what is needed to provide an accurate response.
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why is it important for an organization to have alignment between its strategy and structure?
Having alignment between an organization's strategy and structure is crucial for several reasons.
Firstly, alignment ensures that the structure of the organization supports the execution of its strategy. The strategy outlines the direction and goals of the organization, while the structure determines how tasks are organized, authority is distributed, and communication flows. When strategy and structure are aligned, the organizational design enables efficient and effective implementation of the strategy, ensuring that resources, processes, and people are optimized to achieve the desired outcomes.
Secondly, alignment enhances coordination and collaboration within the organization. A well-aligned structure allows different departments, teams, and individuals to work together seamlessly, sharing information, resources, and expertise to achieve common objectives. It promotes a cohesive and integrated approach to decision-making and problem-solving, leading to improved efficiency and innovation.
Thirdly, alignment supports flexibility and adaptability. In a rapidly changing business environment, organizations need to be agile and responsive to market dynamics. When strategy and structure are aligned, the organization can quickly realign resources, reconfigure processes, and adjust roles and responsibilities to adapt to new opportunities or challenges.
Overall, alignment between strategy and structure creates a clear and unified direction for the organization, promotes collaboration and coordination, and enhances its ability to navigate change and achieve its goals effectively.
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A cost object is ______.
A. an item for which managers are trying to determine the cost B. an item to which managers must directly trace costs C. an item to which it is not worth the effort of tracing costs D. an item for sale by a business Which one is TRUE about the statement of over and under absorption of overheads: A. When predetermined overhead rates are applied, the overheads absorbed will be greater or lesser than the actual expenditure incurred on the account of overheads. B. When the absorbed amount is greater, it is called under absorbed. C. When the direct material amount is greater, it is called over absorbed. D. Over absorbed of overhead cost will result in over stated of Net Profit Which of the following functions of management involves setting short and long- term objectives and the tactics to achieve them? A. Planning B. Organizing C. Directing/leading D. Control
Part 1: A cost object is A. an item for which managers are trying to determine the cost.
Part 2: The true statement about the over and under absorption of overheads is A. When predetermined overhead rates are applied, the overheads absorbed will be greater or lesser than the actual expenditure incurred on the account of overheads.
Part 3: The function of management that involves setting short and long-term objectives and the tactics to achieve them is A. Planning.
Part 1: A cost object is a term used in managerial accounting to refer to any item, product, service, or activity for which managers want to determine the cost. It can be a specific product, project, department, customer, or any other entity or activity within an organization that requires cost analysis.
Managers identify and define cost objects to allocate and assign costs appropriately for decision-making, budgeting, and performance evaluation purposes. By determining the cost of a specific cost object, managers gain insight into the cost structure and profitability of various aspects of their business operations.
Part 2: Over and under absorption of overheads refers to the difference between the overhead costs allocated or absorbed using a predetermined overhead rate and the actual overhead costs incurred. A predetermined overhead rate is calculated based on an estimated level of activity, and when applied, it may result in the absorption of overhead costs that are either greater or lesser than the actual overhead expenditure.
If the absorbed amount is greater than the actual expenditure, it is called over absorption (not under absorption as stated in option B). Option C is incorrect because over or under absorption is related to overhead costs, not direct material amounts. Option D is also incorrect because over absorbed overhead costs would lead to an understatement of net profit, not an overstatement. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Part 3: Planning is the management function that involves setting goals, objectives, and strategies to guide an organization towards desired outcomes. It involves determining the course of action and allocating resources to achieve specific targets.
Through planning, managers analyze the internal and external environment, identify opportunities and challenges, and develop plans to address them. This includes setting both short-term and long-term objectives, as well as outlining the tactics and steps required to achieve those objectives. Planning provides the framework for decision-making and guides the actions of other management functions, such as organizing, directing/leading, and controlling. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Planning.
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Two factories dump industrial waste into a stream. They can reduce their waste (abate), but it is costly. The Marginal Cost of Abatement (MCA) for factory 1 is 10 + 2A1, and for factory 2 is 5 + A2, where Ai is the amount of pollutants that have been abated. The municipal government has opted for a Cap and Trade policy. The cap effectively requires the firms to reduce total pollution by 30 units. Permits are issued to Firms 1 and 2 such that Firm 1 will have to abate by 10 units and Firm 2 will have to abate by 20 units.
a) If trade of permits is not allowed, what will be the costs of abatement to each firm?
b) If trade of permits is allowed, what will be the abatement and marginal cost levels for each firm?
c) What will the total cost of abatement be after trade of the permits?
d) If we assume that all permits are bought/sold at the marginal cost you found in part b), what will be the net abatement costs for each firm?
a) The abatement cost for Firm 1 is $30, and the abatement cost for Firm 2 is $25.
b) The new abatement for Firm 1 and Firm 2 are 0 and 10 respectively. The marginal cost are 10 and 15 respectively.
c) The total cost of abatement be after trade of the permits is $400.
d) The net abatement costs for each firm are $100 and -$100.
a) Without trade of permits, Firm 1 has to abate 10 units and Firm 2 has to abate 20 units. Plugging into the given marginal cost of abatement functions, we get:
For Firm 1: MCA1 = 10 + 2(10) = 30
For Firm 2: MCA2 = 5 + 20 = 25
b) With trade of permits, we can find the market price of a permit by looking at the marginal cost of abatement for each firm. Firm 1 has a higher marginal cost, so they will be willing to pay up to $30 for a permit. Firm 2 has a lower marginal cost, so they will be willing to accept any price greater than $5.
Suppose the permit price settles at $20. Firm 1 will buy 10 permits at a cost of $200, allowing them to decrease their abatement by 10. Firm 2 will sell 10 permits at a revenue of $200, requiring them to increase their abatement by 10. Firm 2 will then buy 10 permits at a cost of $200, reducing their abatement by 10. Firm 1 will sell 10 permits at a revenue of $200, allowing them to decrease their abatement by 10.
The new abatement levels are therefore:
For Firm 1: A1 = 0
For Firm 2: A2 = 10
The new marginal cost of abatement for each firm is:
For Firm 1: MCA1 = 10 + 2(0) = 10
For Firm 2: MCA2 = 5 + 10 = 15
c) The total abatement cost is the sum of the abatement cost for each firm, plus the cost of permits bought by Firm 1 minus the revenue of permits sold by Firm 2:
Total Abatement Cost = 30(10) + 20(10) - 20(10) = $400
d) If we assume that all permits are bought/sold at the marginal cost found in (b), then Firm 1 will have to pay $10 per unit of abatement (since they bought permits for $20 each and reduced abatement by 10 units). Firm 2 will receive $10 per unit of abatement (since they sold permits for $20 each and increased abatement by 10 units). So the net abatement costs are:
For Firm 1: $100
For Firm 2: -$100
Firm 1 incurs a net cost of $100 for abatement, while Firm 2 achieves a net revenue of $100 from abatement.
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Assume the following information for a merchandising company: Sales Variable selling expenses Cost of goods sold Fixed administrative expenses Fixed selling expenses Variable administrative expenses $500,000 $ 25,000 $350,000 $ 50,000 $ 40,000 $ 5,000 What is the company's contribution margin?
The company's contribution margin which is the difference between the sales and variable expenses is $125000
Contribution MarginThe contribution margin is calculated as the difference between the sales and the variable expenses (variable selling expenses and cost of goods sold):
Mathemematically;
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Expenses
Variable Expenses can be calculated thus:
Variable Expenses = Variable Selling Expenses + Cost of Goods Sold
Variable Expenses = $25,000 + $350,000 = $375,000
Contribution Margin = $500,000 - $375,000 = $125,000
Therefore, the company's contribution margin is $125,000,
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In his book "Life in Management, the late Dr. Ghazi Abdalranman Al-Qosabi that the most effective span of control. This type of span of control __________ is usually associated with organizational height.
The most effective span of control, according to Dr. Ghazi Abdalranman Al-Qosabi in his book "Life in Management," is usually associated with organizational height. The term "span of control" is used to describe the number of employees who report to a single manager or supervisor.
The most effective span of control depends on a variety of factors, including the size and complexity of the organization, the type of work being done, and the level of management being considered. Organizational height is a term used to describe the number of hierarchical levels in an organization. It is usually associated with larger, more complex organizations that require more layers of management to function efficiently. The most effective span of control for these organizations is usually narrower, with fewer employees reporting to each manager or supervisor. This allows for better communication, more efficient decision-making, and a clearer chain of command.
Dr. Ghazi Abdalranman Al-Qosabi stated that the most effective span of control is usually associated with organizational height. This type of span of control allows for more effective communication, decision-making, and management in larger, more complex organizations.
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Elizabeth Hitchens and Nicole Wallace are partners in Gold Coast Ventures. The basis of either partner's interest in Gold Coast Ventures would be increased by:
a. Charitable contributions.
b. Distributions of money and the adjusted basis of other property distributed to the partner.
c. The partner's distributive share partnership losses.
d. The partner's distributive share of partnership ordinary income.
The correct answer is b.
The basis of either partner's interest in Gold Coast Ventures would be increased by distributions of money and the adjusted basis of other property distributed to the partner.
How does a partner's basis in Gold Coast Ventures increase?When a partner receives distributions from a partnership, it increases their basis in the partnership. Basis refers to the partner's investment in the partnership, and it affects the partner's ability to recognize gains or losses when they dispose of their partnership interest.
The basis of a partner's interest in the partnership can be increased by several factors, such as contributions of money or property, the partner's share of partnership income, and their share of partnership liabilities. However, in this case, the question specifically asks about the basis being increased, and the only option that would increase the basis is the distribution of money and adjusted basis of other property to the partner.
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FILL THE BLANK. "15. ____ is a technique often used to hide items( such as data
centers) in plain site by using anonymity to guard against
espionage, theft or sabotage.
1. security through diversity
2. security throug"
Security through availability is a technique often used to hide items( such as data centers) in plain site by using anonymity to guard against espionage, theft or sabotage.
What is Data security ?Data security refers to safeguarding digital information, such as that included in a database, against nefarious entities and uninvited human behavior, such as a cyberattack or data breach.
The practice of preserving digital information throughout its full life cycle to defend it against corruption, theft, or illegal access is known as data security. It encompasses everything, including businesses' policies and procedures as well as technology, software, storage, and user devices.
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missing options;
1. security through diversity
2. security through obscurity
3. security through availability
4. security through promiscuity
Eliott Company produces large quantities of a standardized product. The following information is available for its production activities for March.
Units Beginning work in process inventory
Started
Ending work in process inventory
Status of ending work in process inventory Materiale-Percent complete Conversion-Percent complete
Costs
2,000
20,000 5,000
Beginning work in process inventory
Direct materials Conversion
$ 2,500 6,360
Direct materials added
Direct labor added
$ 8,860
168,000
100%
35% Overhead applied (140% of direct labor)
Total costs to account for
199,850 279,790
$ 656,500
Ending work in process inventory
$ 84,110
To analyze the production activities for March at Eliott Company, we can calculate the equivalent units of production and the costs incurred during the period.
Equivalent Units of Production:
The equivalent units of production represent the number of fully completed units that could have been produced with the inputs used during the period. We need to calculate the equivalent units for direct materials and conversion costs separately.
a. Direct Materials:
The beginning work in process inventory is given as 2,000 units, and 20,000 units were started during the period. Therefore, the total units to account for are 22,000 units.
Ending work in process inventory is given as 5,000 units. As the status of ending work in process inventory is not specified, we assume it is 100% complete. Hence, the equivalent units for direct materials are calculated as follows:
Equivalent Units of Direct Materials = Units started + Ending work in process inventory = 20,000 + 5,000 = 25,000 units
b. Conversion Costs:
The equivalent units for conversion costs are calculated based on the conversion percentage complete. The status of the ending work in process inventory is given as 35% complete.
Equivalent Units of Conversion Costs = Ending work in process inventory * Conversion percentage complete
= 5,000 * 35% = 1,750 units
Cost Calculation:
a. Direct Materials:
The beginning work in process inventory for direct materials is given as $2,500. Direct materials added during the period is $168,000. Hence, the total direct materials cost to account for is $170,500.
b. Conversion Costs:
The beginning work in process inventory for conversion costs is given as $6,360. The direct labor added during the period is $8,860, and the overhead applied is $140% of direct labor ($8,860 * 140% = $12,404). Therefore, the total conversion costs to account for are $27,624.
Total Costs:
The total costs to account for are the sum of direct materials and conversion costs.
Total Costs to Account for = Direct Materials Cost + Conversion Costs
= $170,500 + $27,624
= $198,124
Ending Work in Process Inventory:
The ending work in process inventory is given as $84,110. This cost is not broken down into direct materials and conversion costs.
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A soccer team is acquiring a player via transfer from another team. The player's quality is given by a uniform distribution, Q ~ U[0,1]. (This is the same structure that we went over in class.) The player's current team knows their quality, but the acquiring team does not.
A player of quality, Q, is worth 150000 + 800000Q to their current team, and 250000+1000000Q to the acquiring team.
In equilibrium of this game, what is the highest quality player that could be transferred?
In the given scenario, the soccer team wants to acquire a player from another team. The quality of the player is given by a uniform distribution, Q ~ U[0,1]. The team that currently owns the player knows the quality of the player, but the acquiring team does not. Now, let us discuss the highest quality player that could be transferred.
In equilibrium of this game, the player that the team would be willing to sell to the other team would be the one that does not add to their utility. Firstly, we need to find the expected utility of the current team. Suppose the current team expects a utility of U(X).
If the team decides to sell a player with quality q, their expected utility would be:E[U(X−q)]where X represents the level of the overall team quality.The acquiring team does not know the quality of the player, so the expectation of the acquiring team is: E[maxQ] / 2 where maxQ is the highest quality player that could be transferred.
Now we need to find the quality of the player that maximizes the expected utility of the current team. Let us denote this by q∗.To find q∗, we differentiate the expected utility of the current team with respect to q and equate it to zero.d/dq E[U(X−q)] = 0
Solving the above equation, we get:q∗ = X/2Therefore, the highest quality player that could be transferred is X/2. Hence, we can conclude that the player that the team would be willing to sell to the other team would be the one that does not add to their utility.
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it is a full question
QUESTION 2 Professor Mohammed Ibrahim is a lecturer at the University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA). He is also a visiting lecturer at two universities in United States of America (USA). Durin
Professor Mohammed Ibrahim has an extensive background in business and economics. His areas of interest include macroeconomics, development economics, international trade, and finance. He is also an expert in monetary economics and public finance.
Professor Mohammed Ibrahim is a renowned lecturer at the University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA). He is a respected academician and an accomplished scholar with many accolades. He is not only limited to his position in UPSA, but also works as a visiting lecturer in two universities in the United States of America (USA).His work as a lecturer has earned him immense respect from his colleagues and students. He is known for his strong pedagogical skills and the ability to connect with his students. He has published several papers in reputed international journals and is an active participant in various academic conferences and seminars. This exposure has enabled him to gather a wealth of knowledge and experience, which he readily shares with his students.Professor Mohammed Ibrahim has an extensive background in business and economics. His areas of interest include macroeconomics, development economics, international trade, and finance. He is also an expert in monetary economics and public finance. He brings this vast knowledge to his classes and encourages his students to think critically about these subjects.His students appreciate his ability to break down complex concepts into easily digestible pieces. He also encourages them to research and read widely, which helps them to develop a deeper understanding of the subjects he teaches. This approach has helped his students excel in their studies and has also given them the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the job market.The fact that he is also a visiting lecturer in two universities in the USA is a testament to his academic prowess. It is a rare achievement, and it speaks volumes about his expertise and reputation. His contributions to the academic community have earned him a well-deserved place among the great scholars of our time.In conclusion, Professor Mohammed Ibrahim is a highly respected academician who has made significant contributions to the field of economics. His students, colleagues, and the academic community hold him in high regard. His position as a visiting lecturer in two universities in the USA is a testament to his academic excellence, and it is an honor to have him as a member of the UPSA faculty.For more such questions on Professor Mohammed Ibrahim, click on:
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In the Output-Exchange rate space, an AA schedule has been drawn. Note: 'E' = .
How will the AA schedule be affected if the domestic price level falls ?
Using the line drawing tool, draw a new AA schedule similar in shape to the original and label it 'AA2.' Carefully follow the instructions above and only draw the required object.
The AA (Asset-Asset) schedule represents the relationship between output (Y) and the exchange rate (E) in the output-exchange rate space. If the domestic price level falls, it implies a decrease in the domestic price level relative to foreign prices, leading to an appreciation of the domestic currency.
In response to the fall in the domestic price level and the appreciation of the domestic currency, the AA schedule will shift to the right. This shift occurs because the higher exchange rate increases the attractiveness of domestic assets to foreign investors, resulting in an increase in the demand for domestic currency and an expansion of the AA schedule.
To draw the new AA2 schedule, shift the original AA schedule to the right, indicating the increased output level at each exchange rate. The new AA2 schedule should have a similar shape to the original AA schedule but with higher output levels across different exchange rates.
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Ensign Landscape Design designs landscape plans and plants the material for clients. On April 1, there were three jobs in the process, Jobs 39, 40, and 41. During April, two more jobs were started, Jobs 42 and 43.
By April 30, Jobs 39 and 40 were completed and sold. Job #41 and Job #42 are complete but not sold and Job #43 is not completed yet.
Overhead: $789,000
Direct labor hours: 100,000
The following data were gatheredJob 39 Job 40 Job 41 Job 42 Job 43 Balance, April 1 $540 $3,400 $2,990 Direct materials 700 560 375 $3,500 $6,900 Direct labor 500 600 490 2,500 3,000 Overhead is applied at the rate of $32 per direct labor hour. Jobs are sold at cost plus 30%. Selling and administrative expenses for April totaled $4,575. (Round all amounts to the nearest dollar.) 2. Calculate the ending balance in Work in Process (as of April 30) and Cost of Goods Sold for April. 3. Construct an income statement for Ensign Landscape Design for the month of April .
2. The ending balance in Work in Process (as of April 30) can be calculated by summing up the costs incurred for Job 41, Job 42, and Job 43.
Ending balance in Work in Process = Cost of Job 41 + Cost of Job 42 + Cost of Job 43
The cost of each job can be calculated as follows:
Cost of Job = Direct materials + Direct labor + Overhead
For Job 41:
Cost of Job 41 = $375 + $490 + (Direct labor hours for Job 41 * Overhead rate)
For Job 42:
Cost of Job 42 = $3,500 + $2,500 + (Direct labor hours for Job 42 * Overhead rate)
For Job 43:
Cost of Job 43 = $6,900 + $3,000 + (Direct labor hours for Job 43 * Overhead rate)
Once the ending balance in Work in Process is calculated, Cost of Goods Sold for April can be determined by subtracting the ending balance from the sum of the costs of completed and sold jobs (Job 39 and Job 40).
Cost of Goods Sold = (Cost of Job 39 + Cost of Job 40) - Ending balance in Work in Process
3. The income statement for Ensign Landscape Design for the month of April can be constructed by considering the following components:
Revenue: The revenue is calculated as 130% (cost plus 30%) of the sum of the costs of completed and sold jobs (Job 39 and Job 40).
Revenue = 130% * (Cost of Job 39 + Cost of Job 40)
Cost of Goods Sold: This is the calculated Cost of Goods Sold from the previous step.
Gross Profit: Gross Profit is calculated as Revenue minus Cost of Goods Sold.
Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold
Selling and Administrative Expenses: The given selling and administrative expenses for April totaled $4,575.
Net Profit: Net Profit is calculated as Gross Profit minus Selling and Administrative Expenses.
Net Profit = Gross Profit - Selling and Administrative Expenses
The income statement summarizes the financial performance of Ensign Landscape Design for the month of April by listing the revenue, cost of goods sold, gross profit, and net profit.
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With respect to financial leverage which of the following is a valid statement?
Group of answer choices
a. Financial leverage is beneficial when the company earns less than the incremental cost of debt.
b. Financial leverage makes good years look worse by increasing the shareholder return.
c. Financial leverage makes bad years look better by decreasing the shareholder return.
d. Return on assets will generally equal return on equity when the company has no long-term debt.
The valid statement with respect to financial leverage is: a. Financial leverage is beneficial when the company earns less than the incremental cost of debt.
Financial leverage refers to the use of debt financing to amplify returns for shareholders. When a company earns a return on its investments that is higher than the cost of borrowing, financial leverage can enhance the returns for shareholders. By utilizing debt, the company can magnify its earnings and generate higher returns on equity.
However, if the company earns less than the cost of debt, financial leverage can work against the shareholders, as the interest expense on the debt reduces the overall profitability and decreases the returns for shareholders. Therefore, financial leverage is beneficial when the company earns less than the incremental cost of debt, as it allows for the amplification of returns.
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